Verse 21

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.21", "source": "כִּ֤י נִבְעֲרוּ֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א דָרָ֑שׁוּ עַל־כֵּן֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַרְעִיתָ֖ם נָפֽוֹצָה׃", "text": "*Kî* *nibʿărû* *hā-rōʿîm* and-*ʾet*-*YHWH* not *dārāšû* upon-thus not *hiśkîlû* and-all-*marʿîtām* *nāfôṣāh*", "grammar": { "*nibʿărû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are brutish/stupid", "*hā-rōʿîm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the shepherds", "*dārāšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have sought", "*hiśkîlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have prospered/succeeded", "*marʿîtām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flock/pasture", "*nāfôṣāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it is scattered/dispersed" }, "variants": { "*nibʿărû*": "are brutish/stupid/senseless/ignorant", "*hā-rōʿîm*": "the shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*dārāšû*": "have sought/inquired of/consulted/investigated", "*hiśkîlû*": "have prospered/succeeded/acted wisely/had insight", "*marʿîtām*": "their flock/pasture/feeding place", "*nāfôṣāh*": "is scattered/dispersed/spread abroad" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Jer 12:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.12.10", "source": "רֹעִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ כַרְמִ֔י בֹּסְס֖וּ אֶת־חֶלְקָתִ֑י נָֽתְנ֛וּ אֶת־חֶלְקַ֥ת חֶמְדָּתִ֖י לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָֽה׃", "text": "*rōʿîm* *rabbîm* *šiḥătû* my-*karmî* they-*bōsəsû* *ʾet*-my-*ḥelqātî* they-*nātnû* *ʾet*-*ḥelqat* my-*ḥemdātî* for-*midbar* *šəmāmāh*", "grammar": { "*rōʿîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*šiḥătû*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have destroyed", "*karmî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*bōsəsû*": "verb, Polel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have trampled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥelqātî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my portion", "*nātnû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have made/given", "*ḥelqat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - portion", "*ḥemdātî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my desire/pleasant", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation" }, "variants": { "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/rulers/leaders", "*šiḥătû*": "destroyed/ruined/corrupted", "*bōsəsû*": "trampled/trodden down", "*ḥelqat ḥemdātî*": "portion of my delight/pleasant field/desired parcel", "*midbar šəmāmāh*": "desolate wilderness/desert waste" } }
  • Ezek 34:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־רוֹעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֩ אֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לָרֹעִ֜ים כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה ה֤וֹי רֹעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ רֹעִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם הֲל֣וֹא הַצֹּ֔אן יִרְע֖וּ הָרֹעִֽים׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *hinnāḇēʾ* against-*rôʿê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hinnāḇēʾ* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-them to-the-*rōʿîm* thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *hôy* *rōʿê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* who *hāyû* *rōʿîm* them, *hălôʾ* the-*ṣōʾn* *yirʿû* the-*rōʿîm*?", "grammar": { "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾādām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - man/Adam/mankind", "*hinnāḇēʾ*": "niphal imperative, masculine singular - prophesy", "*rôʿê*": "plural construct state - shepherds of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun", "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and you will say", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*ʾădōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular collective - flock/sheep", "*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they feed/shepherd" }, "variants": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/human", "*hinnāḇēʾ*": "prophesy/speak as a prophet", "*rôʿê*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*ʾāmartā*": "you shall say/speak", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who feed", "*hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*hālôʾ*": "is it not?/shouldn't?", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*yirʿû*": "they should feed/tend/shepherd" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.3", "source": "אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב תֹּאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאֶת־הַצֶּ֣מֶר תִּלְבָּ֔שׁוּ הַבְּרִיאָ֖ה תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ הַצֹּ֖אן לֹ֥א תִרְעֽוּ׃", "text": "*ʾēṯ*-the-*ḥēleḇ* *tōʾḵēlû* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ṣemer* *tilbāšû*, the-*bərîʾâ* *tizbāḥû*, the-*ṣōʾn* not *ṯirʿû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥēleḇ*": "common noun, masculine singular - fat", "*tōʾḵēlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you eat", "*ṣemer*": "common noun, masculine singular - wool", "*tilbāšû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you clothe/wear", "*bərîʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - fat/fattened", "*tizbāḥû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you slaughter/sacrifice", "*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular collective - flock/sheep", "*ṯirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you feed/shepherd" }, "variants": { "*ḥēleḇ*": "fat/best part", "*tōʾḵēlû*": "you eat/consume/devour", "*ṣemer*": "wool/fleece", "*tilbāšû*": "you wear/clothe yourselves with", "*bərîʾâ*": "fat/fattened/plump [animal]", "*tizbāḥû*": "you slaughter/kill/sacrifice", "*ṯirʿû*": "you shepherd/feed/tend" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.4", "source": "אֶֽת־הַנַּחְלוֹת֩ לֹ֨א חִזַּקְתֶּ֜ם וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֣ה לֹֽא־רִפֵּאתֶ֗ם וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ לֹ֣א הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאֹבֶ֖דֶת לֹ֣א בִקַּשְׁתֶּ֑ם וּבְחָזְקָ֛ה רְדִיתֶ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם וּבְפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*ʾēṯ*-the-*naḥlôṯ* not *ḥizzaqtem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ḥôlâ* not-*rippēʾṯem* and-to-the-*nišbereṯ* not *ḥăḇaštem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*niddaḥaṯ* not *hăšēḇōṯem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ʾōḇedeṯ* not *biqqaštem*, and-in-*ḥozqâ* *rəḏîṯem* them and-in-*pāreḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*naḥlôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - weak/sick ones", "*ḥizzaqtem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you strengthened", "*ḥôlâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - sick one", "*rippēʾṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you healed", "*nišbereṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - broken one", "*ḥăḇaštem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you bound up", "*niddaḥaṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - driven away/scattered one", "*hăšēḇōṯem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you brought back", "*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - lost one", "*biqqaštem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you sought", "*ḥozqâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/force", "*rəḏîṯem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you ruled", "*pāreḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - harshness/severity" }, "variants": { "*naḥlôṯ*": "weak/sick/diseased ones", "*ḥizzaqtem*": "you strengthened/made strong/supported", "*ḥôlâ*": "sick/ill/diseased one", "*rippēʾṯem*": "you healed/cured", "*nišbereṯ*": "broken/injured/fractured one", "*ḥăḇaštem*": "you bound up/bandaged", "*niddaḥaṯ*": "driven away/banished/outcast one", "*hăšēḇōṯem*": "you brought back/returned/restored", "*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "lost/straying/perishing one", "*biqqaštem*": "you sought/searched for", "*ḥozqâ*": "force/harshness/severity", "*rəḏîṯem*": "you ruled/dominated/governed", "*pāreḵ*": "harshness/rigor/cruelty" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.5", "source": "וַתְּפוּצֶ֖ינָה מִבְּלִ֣י רֹעֶ֑ה וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה לְאָכְלָ֛ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַתְּפוּצֶֽינָה׃", "text": "And-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ* from-without *rōʿeh*, and-*wattiḥyeynâ* for-*ʾoḵlâ* to-all-*ḥayyaṯ* the-*śāḏeh* and-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*.", "grammar": { "*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they were scattered", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they became", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - living thing/beast of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field" }, "variants": { "*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "and they were scattered/dispersed", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman/pastor", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "and they became/were", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey/consumption", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "beasts/animals of", "*śāḏeh*": "field/open country/wild" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.6", "source": "יִשְׁגּ֤וּ צֹאנִי֙ בְּכָל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה רָמָ֑ה וְעַ֨ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָפֹ֣צוּ צֹאנִ֔י וְאֵ֥ין דּוֹרֵ֖שׁ וְאֵ֥ין מְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃", "text": "*yišgû* *ṣōʾnî* in-all-the-*hehārîm* and-on all-*giḇʿâ* *rāmâ*, and-on all-*pənê* the-*ʾāreṣ* *nāp̄ōṣû* *ṣōʾnî* and-*ʾên* *dôrēš* and-*ʾên* *məḇaqqēš*.", "grammar": { "*yišgû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - they wander/go astray", "*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my flock", "*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains", "*giḇʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill", "*rāmâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - high/lofty", "*pənê*": "noun, common plural construct - faces of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were scattered", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*dôrēš*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*məḇaqqēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - searching" }, "variants": { "*yišgû*": "they wander/go astray/err", "*ṣōʾnî*": "my flock/sheep", "*hehārîm*": "the mountains/hills", "*giḇʿâ*": "hill/height", "*rāmâ*": "high/lofty/exalted", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "they were scattered/dispersed", "*dôrēš*": "one seeking/inquiring/caring for", "*məḇaqqēš*": "one searching for/looking for" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.7", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן רֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore, *rōʿîm*, *šimʿû* *ʾēṯ*-*dəḇar* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen to/obey", "*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.8", "source": "חַי־אָ֜נִי נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַ֣עַן הֱיֽוֹת־צֹאנִ֣י ׀ לָבַ֡ז וַתִּֽהְיֶינָה֩ צֹאנִ֨י לְאָכְלָ֜ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מֵאֵ֣ין רֹעֶ֔ה וְלֹֽא־דָרְשׁ֥וּ רֹעַ֖י אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וַיִּרְע֤וּ הָֽרֹעִים֙ אוֹתָ֔ם וְאֶת־צֹאנִ֖י לֹ֥א רָעֽוּ׃", "text": "*ḥay*-I, *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*, *ʾim*-not, *yaʿan* *hĕyôṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* for-*baz*, and-*wattiḥyeynâ* *ṣōʾnî* for-*ʾoḵlâ* to-all-*ḥayyaṯ* the-*śāḏeh* from-*ʾên* *rōʿeh*, and-not-*dārəšû* *rōʿay* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî*, and-*wayyirʿû* the-*rōʿîm* them, and-*ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* not *rāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being", "*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my flock", "*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/plunder", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they became", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - beast of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd", "*dārəšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sought", "*rōʿay*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my shepherds", "*wayyirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw-consecutive - and they fed", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*rāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fed" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "as I live/living", "*nəʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle of", "*yaʿan*": "because/on account of", "*hĕyôṯ*": "being/becoming", "*baz*": "prey/spoil/plunder", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "and they became/were", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey", "*rōʿay*": "my shepherds/pastors", "*dārəšû*": "they sought/cared for/inquired after", "*wayyirʿû*": "and they fed/tended/shepherded", "*rāʿû*": "they fed/tended/shepherded" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.9", "source": "לָכֵן֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore, the-*rōʿîm*, *šimʿû* *dəḇar*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the shepherds", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen to/obey", "*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.10", "source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י אֶֽל־הָרֹעִ֜ים וְֽדָרַשְׁתִּ֧י אֶת־צֹאנִ֣י מִיָּדָ֗ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּים֙ מֵרְע֣וֹת צֹ֔אן וְלֹא־יִרְע֥וּ ע֛וֹד הָרֹעִ֖ים אוֹתָ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י צֹאנִי֙ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥יןָ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃", "text": "Thus-*ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*: *hinənî* against-the-*rōʿîm* and-*ḏārašətî* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* from-*yāḏām*, and-*hišbattîm* from-*rəʿôṯ* *ṣōʾn*, and-not-*yirʿû* again the-*rōʿîm* them, and-*hiṣṣaltî* *ṣōʾnî* from-*pîhem*, and-not-*ṯihyeynā* to-them for-*ʾoḵlâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - behold me", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the shepherds", "*ḏārašətî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will require/demand", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flock", "*yāḏām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*hišbattîm*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to cease", "*rəʿôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - shepherding/feeding", "*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular - flock", "*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they feed", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will deliver", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*ṯihyeynā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will be", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am", "*ḏārašətî*": "I will require/demand/seek", "*yāḏām*": "their hand/power/control", "*hišbattîm*": "I will cause them to cease/stop/end", "*rəʿôṯ*": "feeding/shepherding/tending", "*yirʿû*": "they will feed/shepherd/tend", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "I will deliver/rescue/save", "*pîhem*": "their mouth/command", "*ṯihyeynā*": "they will be/become/exist", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey/meal" } }
  • Ezek 34:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.12", "source": "כְּבַקָּרַת֩ רֹעֶ֨ה עֶדְר֜וֹ בְּיוֹם־הֱיוֹת֤וֹ בְתוֹךְ־צֹאנוֹ֙ נִפְרָשׁ֔וֹת כֵּ֖ן אֲבַקֵּ֣ר אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וְהִצַּלְתִּ֣י אֶתְהֶ֗ם מִכָּל־הַמְּקוֹמֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפֹ֣צוּ שָׁ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם עָנָ֖‪[t]‬ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃", "text": "Like-*ḇaqqāraṯ* *rōʿeh* *ʿeḏrô* in-day-*hĕyôṯô* in-midst-*ṣōʾnô* *nip̄rāšôṯ*, so *ʾăḇaqqēr* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* and-*hiṣṣaltî* them from-all-the-*məqômōṯ* which *nāp̄ōṣû* there in-day *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāp̄el*.", "grammar": { "*ḇaqqāraṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - seeking of", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd", "*ʿeḏrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*hĕyôṯô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his being", "*ṣōʾnô*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*nip̄rāšôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - scattered ones", "*ʾăḇaqqēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will search", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flock", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will deliver", "*məqômōṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the places", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were scattered", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "noun, masculine singular - thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ḇaqqāraṯ*": "seeking/searching/looking after", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman", "*ʿeḏrô*": "his flock/herd", "*hĕyôṯô*": "his being/when he is", "*ṣōʾnô*": "his flock/sheep", "*nip̄rāšôṯ*": "scattered/dispersed ones", "*ʾăḇaqqēr*": "I will search for/seek/look after", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "I will deliver/rescue/save", "*məqômōṯ*": "places/locations", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "they were scattered/dispersed", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudiness", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/gloom/dark cloud" } }
  • Zech 10:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Zechariah.10.3", "source": "עַל־הָֽרֹעִים֙ חָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְעַל־הָעַתּוּדִ֖ים אֶפְק֑וֹד כִּֽי־פָקַד֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֤וֹת אֶת־עֶדְרוֹ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה וְשָׂ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כְּס֥וּס הוֹד֖וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "Against-the-*ro'im* *charah* *'appi* and-against-the-*'attudim* *'efqod* for-*paqad* *YHWH* *tseva'ot* *'et*-*'edro* *'et*-*beit* *Yehudah* and-*sam* them like-*sus* *hodo* in-the-*milchamah*.", "grammar": { "*ro'im*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the shepherds", "*charah*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - burned/kindled", "*'appi*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*'attudim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the he-goats/leaders", "*'efqod*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will punish/visit", "*paqad*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has visited/attended to", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*tseva'ot*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'edro*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*beit*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yehudah*": "proper name - Judah", "*sam*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has made/placed", "*sus*": "masculine singular noun - horse", "*hodo*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty/splendor", "*milchamah*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the battle/war" }, "variants": { "*ro'im*": "shepherds/rulers/leaders", "*'attudim*": "male goats/he-goats/leaders", "*paqad*": "visited/attended to/cared for/mustered", "*tseva'ot*": "hosts/armies/heavenly beings", "*'edro*": "flock/herd", "*hodo*": "majesty/splendor/glory/honor" } }
  • Zech 13:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Zechariah.13.7", "source": "חֶ֗רֶב עוּרִ֤י עַל־רֹעִי֙ וְעַל־גֶּ֣בֶר עֲמִיתִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת הַ֤ךְ אֶת־הָֽרֹעֶה֙ וּתְפוּצֶ֣יןָ הַצֹּ֔אן וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י יָדִ֖י עַל־הַצֹּעֲרִֽים׃", "text": "*ḥereḇ* *'ûrî* against-*rō'î* and against-*geḇer* *'ămîṯî*, *nə'um* *YHWH* *ṣəḇā'ôṯ*; *haḵ* *'eṯ*-*hārō'eh* and *ṯəp̄ûṣeynā* *haṣṣō'n*, and *hăšiḇōṯî* *yāḏî* against-*haṣṣō'ărîm*.", "grammar": { "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - sword", "*'ûrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - awake/rouse yourself", "*rō'î*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my shepherd", "*geḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - man", "*'ămîṯî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my companion/my associate", "*nə'um*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəḇā'ôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - hosts/armies", "*haḵ*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine singular - strike", "*hārō'eh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the shepherd", "*ṯəp̄ûṣeynā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be scattered", "*haṣṣō'n*": "noun, common singular with definite article - the flock/the sheep", "*hăšiḇōṯî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person common singular with waw consecutive - and I will turn/and I will bring back", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my hand", "*haṣṣō'ărîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the little ones/the young ones" }, "variants": { "*'ûrî*": "awake/arise/rouse yourself", "*rō'î*": "my shepherd/my pastor/my herdsman", "*'ămîṯî*": "my companion/my associate/my fellow/my neighbor", "*haḵ*": "strike/smite/attack", "*ṯəp̄ûṣeynā*": "they will be scattered/they will disperse/they will be spread abroad", "*haṣṣō'ărîm*": "the little ones/the humble ones/the young ones/the insignificant ones" } }
  • Jer 10:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.8", "source": "וּבְאַחַ֖ת יִבְעֲר֣וּ וְיִכְסָ֑לוּ מוּסַ֥ר הֲבָלִ֖ים עֵ֥ץ הֽוּא׃", "text": "And-in-one *yibʿărû* and-*yiḵsālû* *mûsar* *hăbālîm* *ʿēṣ* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*yibʿărû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are stupid/brutish", "*yiḵsālû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are foolish", "*mûsar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - instruction of", "*hăbālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vanities", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood/tree", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it/he" }, "variants": { "*yibʿărû*": "they are stupid/brutish/dull/senseless", "*yiḵsālû*": "they are foolish/silly/senseless", "*mûsar*": "instruction/discipline/correction/doctrine", "*hăbālîm*": "vanities/idols/worthless things" } }
  • Ezek 22:25-30 : 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.25", "source": "קֶ֤שֶׁר נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ כַּאֲרִ֥י שׁוֹאֵ֖ג טֹ֣רֵֽף טָ֑רֶף נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָכָ֗לוּ חֹ֤סֶן וִיקָר֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ הִרְבּ֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Qešer* her *nəḇîʾeyhā* in *tôḵāh*, like the *ʾărî* *šôʾēḡ* *ṭōrēp̄* *ṭārep̄*; *nep̄eš* they *ʾāḵālû*, *ḥōsen* and *yəqār* they *yiqqāḥû*, her *ʾalmenôṯeyhā* they *hirbû* in *ṯôḵāh*", "grammar": { "*qešer*": "masculine singular noun - 'conspiracy'", "*nəḇîʾeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her prophets'", "*tôḵāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*ʾărî*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the lion'", "*šôʾēḡ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'roaring'", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'tearing'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*nep̄eš*": "feminine singular noun - 'soul/life'", "*ʾāḵālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they devoured'", "*ḥōsen*": "masculine singular noun - 'wealth'", "*yəqār*": "masculine singular noun - 'precious thing'", "*yiqqāḥû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - 'they take'", "*ʾalmenôṯeyhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her widows'", "*hirbû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they increased'" }, "variants": { "*qešer*": "conspiracy/plot/alliance", "*šôʾēḡ*": "roaring/growling", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "tearing/rending/ravening", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person", "*ḥōsen*": "wealth/treasure/riches", "*yəqār*": "precious thing/value/splendor", "*hirbû*": "increased/multiplied/made many" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.26", "source": "כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָ חָמְס֣וּ תוֹרָתִי֮ וַיְחַלְּל֣וּ קָדָשַׁי֒ בֵּֽין־קֹ֤דֶשׁ לְחֹל֙ לֹ֣א הִבְדִּ֔ילוּ וּבֵין־הַטָּמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר לֹ֣א הוֹדִ֑יעוּ וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ הֶעְלִ֣ימוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם וָאֵחַ֖ל בְּתוֹכָֽם׃", "text": "Her *kōhăneyhā* *ḥāməsû* my *tôrāṯî* and *wayəḥalləlû* my *qāḏāšay*; between-*qōḏeš* to *ḥōl* not they *hiḇdîlû*, and between-the *ṭāmēʾ* to *ṭāhôr* not they *hôḏîʿû*; and from my *šabbəṯôṯay* they *heʿlîmû* their *ʿênêhem*, and I am *ʾēḥal* in *tôḵām*", "grammar": { "*kōhăneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her priests'", "*ḥāməsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they did violence to'", "*tôrāṯî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my law'", "*wayəḥalləlû*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - 'they profaned'", "*qāḏāšay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my holy things'", "*qōḏeš*": "masculine singular noun - 'holy'", "*ḥōl*": "masculine singular noun - 'common/profane'", "*hiḇdîlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they distinguished'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the unclean'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'clean'", "*hôḏîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they made known'", "*šabbəṯôṯay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my sabbaths'", "*heʿlîmû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they hid'", "*ʿênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their eyes'", "*ʾēḥal*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - 'I am profaned'", "*tôḵām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their midst'" }, "variants": { "*ḥāməsû*": "did violence to/violated/treated violently", "*qāḏāšay*": "my holy things/my sacred things/my sanctuary", "*hiḇdîlû*": "distinguished/separated/made a distinction", "*hôḏîʿû*": "made known/taught/informed", "*heʿlîmû*": "hid/concealed/averted", "*ʾēḥal*": "am profaned/am dishonored/am desecrated" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.27", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע׃", "text": "Her *śāreyhā* in *qirbāh* like *zəʾēḇîm* *ṭōrəp̄ê* *ṭārep̄*; to *lišpāḵ*-*dām*, to *ʾabbēḏ* *nəp̄āšôṯ*, for *ləmaʿan* *bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her princes'", "*qirbāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*zəʾēḇîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'wolves'", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - 'tearing of'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*lišpāḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "piel infinitive construct - 'to destroy'", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - 'souls/lives'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*bəṣōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to gain'", "*bāṣaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'profit/gain'" }, "variants": { "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her rulers", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "tearing of/rending of/ravening", "*ṭārep̄*": "prey/torn flesh", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/to cause to perish", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "souls/lives/persons", "*bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*": "to gain unjust gain/to make dishonest profit" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.28", "source": "וּנְבִיאֶ֗יהָ טָח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ תָּפֵ֔ל חֹזִ֣ים שָׁ֔וְא וְקֹסְמִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם כָּזָ֑ב אֹמְרִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דִבֵּֽר׃", "text": "And her *nəḇîʾeyhā* *ṭāḥû* for them *tāp̄ēl*, *ḥōzîm* *šāwəʾ* and *qōsəmîm* for them *kāzāḇ*; *ʾōmərîm*, thus *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*, though *YHWH* has not *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*nəḇîʾeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her prophets'", "*ṭāḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they plastered'", "*tāp̄ēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'whitewash/untempered mortar'", "*ḥōzîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'seeing'", "*šāwəʾ*": "masculine singular noun - 'falsehood/vanity'", "*qōsəmîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'divining'", "*kāzāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - 'lie'", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'saying'", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he said'", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st plural suffix as divine title - 'my Lord'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he has spoken'" }, "variants": { "*ṭāḥû*": "plastered/coated/daubed", "*tāp̄ēl*": "whitewash/untempered mortar/plaster", "*šāwəʾ*": "falsehood/vanity/emptiness", "*qōsəmîm*": "divining/practicing divination", "*kāzāḇ*": "lie/falsehood/deception" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.29", "source": "עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת־הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*ʿAm* the *ʾāreṣ* *ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq* and *ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*; and the *ʿānî* and *ʾeḇyôn* they have *hônû*, and *ʾeṯ*-the *gēr* they *ʿāšəqû* without *mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - 'people'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the land'", "*ʿāšəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they oppressed'", "*ʿōšeq*": "masculine singular noun - 'oppression'", "*ḡāzəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they robbed'", "*gāzēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'robbery'", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the poor'", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the needy'", "*hônû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they wronged'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the sojourner'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - 'judgment/justice'" }, "variants": { "*ʿam* *ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people", "*ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq*": "oppressed with oppression (idiom for severe oppression)", "*ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*": "robbed with robbery (idiom for severe robbery)", "*hônû*": "wronged/oppressed/defrauded", "*gēr*": "sojourner/alien/foreigner", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.30", "source": "וָאֲבַקֵּ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֡ם אִ֣ישׁ גֹּֽדֵר־גָּדֵר֩ וְעֹמֵ֨ד בַּפֶּ֧רֶץ לְפָנַ֛י בְּעַ֥ד הָאָ֖רֶץ לְבִלְתִּ֣י שַׁחֲתָ֑הּ וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאתִי׃", "text": "And I *wāʾăḇaqqēš* from them *ʾîš* *gōḏēr*-*gāḏēr* and *ʿōmēḏ* in the *pereṣ* before me for *bəʿaḏ* the *ʾāreṣ*, for *ləḇiltî* *šaḥăṯāh*; and not I *māṣāʾṯî*", "grammar": { "*wāʾăḇaqqēš*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - 'I sought'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*gōḏēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'one building'", "*gāḏēr*": "masculine singular noun - 'wall'", "*ʿōmēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'standing'", "*pereṣ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the breach'", "*bəʿaḏ*": "preposition - 'on behalf of'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the land'", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + conjunction - 'so as not to'", "*šaḥăṯāh*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'destroy it'", "*māṣāʾṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - 'I found'" }, "variants": { "*gōḏēr*-*gāḏēr*": "one building a wall/one who repairs the wall", "*ʿōmēḏ* in the *pereṣ*": "standing in the breach/one who stands in the gap", "*bəʿaḏ*": "on behalf of/for the sake of", "*ləḇiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to" } }
  • Jer 23:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.1", "source": "הוֹי רֹעִים מְאַבְּדִים וּמְפִצִים אֶת־צֹאן מַרְעִיתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Hôy* *rōʿîm* *məʾabbədîm* *ûməp̄îṣîm* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾn* *marʿîtî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*rōʿîm*": "masculine plural participle - shepherds/pastors", "*məʾabbədîm*": "piel masculine plural participle - destroying/causing to perish", "*ûməp̄îṣîm*": "conjunction + hiphil masculine plural participle - and scattering/dispersing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular collective noun - flock/sheep", "*marʿîtî*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my pasture", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/those who tend", "*məʾabbədîm*": "destroying/causing to perish/ruining", "*məp̄îṣîm*": "scattering/dispersing/spreading abroad", "*marʿîtî*": "my pasture/my pasturage/my flock" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.2", "source": "לָכֵן כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־הָרֹעִים הָרֹעִים אֶת־עַמִּי אַתֶּם הֲפִצֹתֶם אֶת־צֹאנִי וַתַּדִּחוּם וְלֹא פְקַדְתֶּם אֹתָם הִנְנִי פֹקֵד עֲלֵיכֶם אֶת־רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Lākēn* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿal*-*hārōʿîm* *hārōʿîm* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *ʾattem* *hăp̄iṣōtem* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnî* *wattaddîḥûm* *wəlōʾ* *pəqadtem* *ʾōtām* *hinənî* *p̄ōqēd* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*rōaʿ* *maʿalləlêkem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct state - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/against", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the shepherds", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + qal participle masculine plural - those who shepherd", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*hăp̄iṣōtem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have scattered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾnî*": "feminine singular collective noun + 1st person singular suffix - my flock", "*wattaddîḥûm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you drove them away", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*pəqadtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have attended to/visited", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am about to", "*p̄ōqēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - visiting/attending to", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - evil of", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your deeds/practices", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*pəqadtem*": "attended to/visited/taken care of/punished", "*p̄ōqēd*": "visiting/attending to/taking care of/punishing", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "your deeds/your practices/your actions" } }
  • Jer 23:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.9", "source": "לַנְּבִאִים נִשְׁבַּר לִבִּי בְקִרְבִּי רָחֲפוּ כָּל־עַצְמוֹתַי הָיִיתִי כְּאִישׁ שִׁכּוֹר וּכְגֶבֶר עֲבָרוֹ יָיִן מִפְּנֵי יְהוָה וּמִפְּנֵי דִּבְרֵי קָדְשׁוֹ", "text": "*Lannəbîʾîm* *nišbar* *libbî* *bəqirbî* *rāḥăp̄û* *kāl*-*ʿaṣmôtay* *hāyîtî* *kəʾîš* *šikkôr* *ûkəgeber* *ʿăbārô* *yāyin* *mippənê* *YHWH* *ûmippənê* *dibrê* *qādəšô*", "grammar": { "*Lannəbîʾîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - concerning the prophets", "*nišbar*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is broken", "*libbî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*bəqirbî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - within me", "*rāḥăp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they shake/tremble", "*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿaṣmôtay*": "feminine plural noun + 1st person singular suffix - my bones", "*hāyîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have become", "*kəʾîš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like a man", "*šikkôr*": "adjective masculine singular - drunken", "*ûkəgeber*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun - and like a strong man", "*ʿăbārô*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - whom it overcame", "*yāyin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*mippənê*": "preposition + plural construct - from before/because of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ûmippənê*": "conjunction + preposition + plural construct - and from before/because of", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*qādəšô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness" }, "variants": { "*nišbar*": "is broken/is shattered/is crushed", "*rāḥăp̄û*": "shake/tremble/flutter", "*šikkôr*": "drunken/intoxicated", "*ʿăbārô*": "overcame him/passed through him", "*mippənê*": "from before/because of/on account of", "*dibrê*": "words of/sayings of/matters of" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.10", "source": "כִּי מְנָאֲפִים מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ כִּי־מִפְּנֵי אָלָה אָבְלָה הָאָרֶץ יָבְשׁוּ נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר וַתְּהִי מְרוּצָתָם רָעָה וּגְבוּרָתָם לֹא־כֵן", "text": "*Kî* *mənāʾăp̄îm* *mālʾâ* *hāʾāreṣ* *kî*-*mippənê* *ʾālâ* *ʾābəlâ* *hāʾāreṣ* *yābəšû* *nəʾôt* *midbār* *wattəhî* *mərûṣātām* *rāʿâ* *ûgəbûrātām* *lōʾ*-*kēn*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mənāʾăp̄îm*": "piel participle masculine plural - adulterers", "*mālʾâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - is full", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mippənê*": "preposition + plural construct - because of", "*ʾālâ*": "feminine singular noun - oath/curse", "*ʾābəlâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - mourns", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*yābəšû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - are dried up", "*nəʾôt*": "feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*wattəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular apocopated - and has become", "*mərûṣātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their course/running", "*rāʿâ*": "adjective feminine singular - evil/bad", "*ûgəbûrātām*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their might/strength", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*kēn*": "adverb - right/correct" }, "variants": { "*mənāʾăp̄îm*": "adulterers/those who commit adultery", "*ʾālâ*": "oath/curse/swearing falsely", "*ʾābəlâ*": "mourns/dries up/withers", "*yābəšû*": "are dried up/are withered", "*nəʾôt*": "pastures/meadows/habitations", "*mərûṣātām*": "their course/their running/their way of life", "*gəbûrātām*": "their might/their strength/their power" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.11", "source": "כִּי־גַם־נָבִיא גַם־כֹּהֵן חָנֵפוּ גַּם־בְּבֵיתִי מָצָאתִי רָעָתָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Kî*-*gam*-*nābîʾ* *gam*-*kōhēn* *ḥānēp̄û* *gam*-*bəbêtî* *māṣāʾtî* *rāʿātām* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*nābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - prophet", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun - priest", "*ḥānēp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - are profane/polluted", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bəbêtî*": "preposition + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - in my house", "*māṣāʾtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have found", "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their evil/wickedness", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄û*": "are profane/are polluted/are godless/are hypocritical", "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their wrongdoing" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.12", "source": "לָכֵן יִהְיֶה דַרְכָּם לָהֶם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת בָּאֲפֵלָה יִדַּחוּ וְנָפְלוּ בָהּ כִּי־אָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם רָעָה שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Lākēn* *yihyeh* *darkām* *lāhem* *kaḥălaqlaqqôt* *bāʾăp̄ēlâ* *yiddaḥû* *wənāp̄əlû* *bāh* *kî*-*ʾābîʾ* *ʿălêhem* *rāʿâ* *šənat* *pəquddātām* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*darkām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their way", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kaḥălaqlaqqôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - like slippery places", "*bāʾăp̄ēlâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the darkness", "*yiddaḥû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be driven/thrust", "*wənāp̄əlû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will fall", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will bring", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity", "*šənat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*pəquddātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥălaqlaqqôt*": "slippery places/slippery ways", "*ʾăp̄ēlâ*": "darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*yiddaḥû*": "be driven/be thrust/be banished", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/calamity/disaster", "*pəquddātām*": "their visitation/their punishment/their reckoning" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.13", "source": "וּבִנְבִיאֵי שֹׁמְרוֹן רָאִיתִי תִפְלָה הִנַּבְּאוּ בַבַּעַל וַיַּתְעוּ אֶת־עַמִּי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל", "text": "*Ûbinbîʾê* *šōmərôn* *rāʾîtî* *tip̄lâ* *hinnabbəʾû* *babbaʿal* *wayyatʿû* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*Ûbinbîʾê*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural construct - and in the prophets of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*tip̄lâ*": "feminine singular noun - unsavoriness/folly", "*hinnabbəʾû*": "hithpael perfect 3rd person common plural - they prophesied", "*babbaʿal*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - by Baal", "*wayyatʿû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they led astray", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*tip̄lâ*": "unsavoriness/folly/offensive thing", "*hinnabbəʾû*": "they prophesied/they acted as prophets", "*wayyatʿû*": "they led astray/they caused to err/they misled" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.14", "source": "וּבִנְבִאֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם רָאִיתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָה נָאוֹף וְהָלֹךְ בַּשֶּׁקֶר וְחִזְּקוּ יְדֵי מְרֵעִים לְבִלְתִּי־שָׁבוּ אִישׁ מֵרָעָתוֹ הָיוּ־לִי כֻלָּם כִּסְדֹם וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ כַּעֲמֹרָה", "text": "*Ûbinbîʾê* *yərûšālaim* *rāʾîtî* *šaʿărûrâ* *nāʾôp̄* *wəhālōk* *baššeqer* *wəḥizzəqû* *yədê* *mərēʿîm* *ləbiltî*-*šābû* *ʾîš* *mērāʿātô* *hāyû*-*lî* *kullām* *kisdōm* *wəyōšəbêhā* *kaʿămōrâ*", "grammar": { "*Ûbinbîʾê*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural construct - and in the prophets of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*šaʿărûrâ*": "feminine singular noun - horrible thing", "*nāʾôp̄*": "qal infinitive absolute - committing adultery", "*wəhālōk*": "conjunction + qal infinitive absolute - and walking", "*baššeqer*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the falsehood/lie", "*wəḥizzəqû*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd person common plural - and they strengthen", "*yədê*": "feminine dual construct - hands of", "*mərēʿîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - evildoers", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + conjunction - so that not", "*šābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they return/repent", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*mērāʿātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from his evil", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have become", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*kullām*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom", "*wəyōšəbêhā*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her inhabitants", "*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*šaʿărûrâ*": "horrible thing/shocking thing/disgusting thing", "*nāʾôp̄*": "committing adultery/being unfaithful", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*ḥizzəqû*": "strengthen/encourage/support", "*mərēʿîm*": "evildoers/those doing evil", "*šābû*": "return/repent/turn back" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.15", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ", "text": "*Lākēn* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* upon-the-*nəbīʾîm*: *Hinənî* *maʾăkîl* them *laʿănâ* and-*hišqîtîm* *mê*-*rōʾš*, for from *nəbîʾê* *Yərûšālaim* *yāṣəʾâ* *ḥănuppâ* to-all-the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hosts/armies", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*Hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular suffix - behold me/I am about to", "*maʾăkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing to eat", "*laʿănâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wormwood (bitter herb)", "*hišqîtîm*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd plural suffix - I will cause them to drink", "*mê*": "noun, construct - waters of", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - gall/poison/venom", "*nəbîʾê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yāṣəʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - went out/came forth", "*ḥănuppâ*": "noun, feminine singular - pollution/profaneness/ungodliness", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*laʿănâ*": "wormwood/bitterness/curse", "*rōʾš*": "gall/poison/bitter herb/venom", "*ḥănuppâ*": "pollution/profaneness/ungodliness/hypocrisy", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.16", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֞וּ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַנְּבִאִים֙ הַנִּבְּאִ֣ים לָכֶ֔ם מַהְבִּלִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה אֶתְכֶ֑ם חֲז֤וֹן לִבָּם֙ יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ לֹ֖א מִפִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*: *ʾal*-*tišməʿû* upon-*dibrê* the-*nəbīʾîm* the-*nibəʾîm* to-you, *mahbilîm* they you; *ḥăzôn* *libbām* *yədabbērû*, not from-*pî* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hosts/armies", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tišməʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - listen/hear/obey", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibəʾîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - prophesying", "*mahbilîm*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural - causing to be vain/making empty", "*ḥăzôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vision of", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*yədabbērû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they speak", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of" }, "variants": { "*mahbilîm*": "causing to be vain/making empty/filling with false hopes", "*ḥăzôn*": "vision/revelation/oracle", "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/will/understanding" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.17", "source": "אֹמְרִ֤ים אָמוֹר֙ לִֽמְנַאֲצַ֔י דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׁל֖וֹם יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְ֠כֹל הֹלֵ֞ךְ בִּשְׁרִר֤וּת לִבּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾōmərîm* *ʾāmôr* to-*mənaʾăṣay*: *dibber* *YHWH*, *šālôm* *yihyeh* to-you; and-all *hōlēk* in-*šərirût* *libbô* *ʾāmərû*: not-*tābôʾ* upon-you *rāʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying/speaking", "*ʾāmôr*": "infinitive absolute - saying repeatedly/emphatically", "*mənaʾăṣay*": "piel participle, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - those despising me", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/welfare/prosperity", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*hōlēk*": "qal participle, masculine singular - walking/following", "*šərirût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - stubbornness of", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will come", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster/calamity" }, "variants": { "*mənaʾăṣay*": "those despising me/my rejecters/those contemning me", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/prosperity/safety/completeness", "*šərirût*": "stubbornness/firmness/obstinacy", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/will/understanding", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.18", "source": "כִּ֣י מִ֤י עָמַד֙ בְּס֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה וְיֵ֖רֶא וְיִשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־דְּבָר֑וֹ מִֽי־הִקְשִׁ֥יב *דברי **דְּבָר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁמָֽע׃ ס", "text": "For *mî* *ʿāmad* in-*sôd* *YHWH*, and-*yēreʾ* and-*yišmaʿ* *ʾet*-*dəbārô*; *mî*-*hiqšîb* *dəbārô* and-*yišmāʿ*.", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ʿāmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood", "*sôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - council/counsel of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yēreʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sees/perceives", "*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hears/listens to", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his word", "*hiqšîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - paid attention/gave heed", "*yišmāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hears/listens" }, "variants": { "*sôd*": "council/counsel/secret assembly/consultation", "*dəbārô*": "his word/his speech/his command" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.19", "source": "הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה וְסַ֖עַר מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *saʿărat* *YHWH* *ḥēmâ* *yāṣəʾâ*, and-*saʿar* *mitḥôlēl*; upon *rōʾš* *rəšāʿîm* *yāḥûl*.", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*saʿărat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tempest/storm of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/fury", "*yāṣəʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has gone forth", "*saʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - whirlwind/storm", "*mitḥôlēl*": "hithpolel participle, masculine singular - swirling/whirling", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yāḥûl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will whirl/swirl" }, "variants": { "*saʿărat*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*ḥēmâ*": "wrath/fury/rage/poison", "*mitḥôlēl*": "swirling/whirling/writhing", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/criminals/guilty ones" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.20", "source": "לֹ֤א יָשׁוּב֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־עֲשֹׂת֥וֹ וְעַד־הֲקִימ֖וֹ מְזִמּ֣וֹת לִבּ֑וֹ בְּאַֽחֲרִית֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים תִּתְבּ֥וֹנְנוּ בָ֖הּ בִּינָֽה׃", "text": "Not *yāšûb* *ʾap*-*YHWH* until-*ʿăśōtô* and-until-*hăqîmô* *məzimmôt* *libbô*; in-*ʾaḥărît* the-*yāmîm* *titbônənû* in-her *bînâ*.", "grammar": { "*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will turn back/relent", "*ʾap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anger/wrath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿăśōtô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his doing/executing", "*hăqîmô*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his establishing", "*məzimmôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - purposes/plans of", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end/latter part of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*titbônənû*": "hithpolel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will understand/consider", "*bînâ*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding/discernment" }, "variants": { "*ʾap*": "anger/wrath/nose/face", "*məzimmôt*": "purposes/plans/devices/thoughts", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/will/understanding", "*ʾaḥărît*": "end/latter part/future/posterity", "*bînâ*": "understanding/discernment/insight" } } 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.21", "source": "לֹא־שָׁלַ֥חְתִּי אֶת־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים וְהֵ֣ם רָ֑צוּ לֹא־דִבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם נִבָּֽאוּ׃", "text": "Not-*šālaḥtî* *ʾet*-the-*nəbīʾîm* and-they *rāṣû*; not-*dibbartî* to-them and-they *nibbāʾû*.", "grammar": { "*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I sent", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*rāṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they ran", "*dibbartî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular - I spoke", "*nibbāʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they prophesied" }, "variants": { "*rāṣû*": "they ran/they hurried/they rushed", "*nibbāʾû*": "they prophesied/they acted as prophets" } } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.22", "source": "וְאִֽם־עָמְד֖וּ בְּסוֹדִ֑י וְיַשְׁמִ֤עוּ דְבָרַי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וִֽישִׁבוּם֙ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָ֔ע וּמֵרֹ֖עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-if-*ʿāmədû* in-*sôdî* and-*yašmiʿû* *dəbāray* *ʾet*-*ʿammî*, *wîšîbûm* from-*darkām* the-*rāʿ* and-from-*rōaʿ* *maʿalləlêhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāmədû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they stood", "*sôdî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my council/counsel", "*yašmiʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would cause to hear", "*dəbāray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my words", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*wîšîbûm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they would turn them back", "*darkām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their way", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/wicked", "*rōaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - evil/wickedness of", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices" }, "variants": { "*sôdî*": "my council/my counsel/my secret assembly", "*darkām*": "their way/their path/their manner", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wicked/harmful/malignant", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "their deeds/their practices/their actions" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.23", "source": "הַאֱלֹהֵ֧י מִקָּרֹ֛ב אָ֖נִי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֖י מֵרָחֹֽק׃", "text": "The-*ʾĕlōhê* from-*qārōb* *ʾānî*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, and-not *ʾĕlōhê* from-*rāḥōq*?", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*qārōb*": "adjective, masculine singular - near", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*rāḥōq*": "adjective, masculine singular - far/distant" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*qārōb*": "near/close proximity", "*rāḥōq*": "far/distant/remote" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.24", "source": "אִם־יִסָּתֵ֨ר אִ֧ישׁ בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֛ים וַאֲנִ֥י לֹֽא־אֶרְאֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֨וֹא אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֧יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲנִ֥י מָלֵ֖א נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "If-*yissātēr* *ʾîš* in-the-*mistārîm* and-I not-*ʾerʾennû*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*? *Hălôʾ* *ʾet*-the-*šāmayim* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* I *mālēʾ*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*yissātēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hides himself", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*mistārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - hiding places/secret places", "*ʾerʾennû*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will see him", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*mālēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - filling/full" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/anyone", "*mistārîm*": "hiding places/secret places/concealed areas", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/world", "*mālēʾ*": "filling/full/filling up" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.25", "source": "שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמְרוּ֙ הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הַֽנִּבְּאִ֥ים בִּשְׁמִ֛י שֶׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חָלַ֖מְתִּי חָלָֽמְתִּי׃", "text": "*Šāmaʿtî* *ʾēt* which-*ʾāmərû* the-*nəbīʾîm*, the-*nibəʾîm* in-*šəmî* *šeqer*, *lēʾmōr*: *ḥālamtî*, *ḥālāmtî*.", "grammar": { "*Šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have heard", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibəʾîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - prophesying", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my name", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḥālamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have dreamed" }, "variants": { "*nəbīʾîm*": "prophets/spokesmen", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception/disappointment", "*ḥālamtî*": "I have dreamed/I have had a dream" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.26", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֗י הֲיֵ֛שׁ בְּלֵ֥ב הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נִבְּאֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּנְבִיאֵ֖י תַּרְמִ֥ת לִבָּֽם׃", "text": "Until-*mātay* *hăyēš* in-*lēb* the-*nəbīʾîm* *nibəʾê* the-*šāqer* and-*nəbîʾê* *tarmit* *libbām*?", "grammar": { "*mātay*": "interrogative adverb - when/how long", "*hăyēš*": "interrogative particle + existential particle - is there", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibəʾê*": "niphal participle, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*nəbîʾê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*tarmit*": "noun, feminine singular construct - deceit/treachery of", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart" }, "variants": { "*lēb*": "heart/mind/will/inner person", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*tarmit*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind/their inner being" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.27", "source": "הַחֹשְׁבִ֗ים לְהַשְׁכִּ֤יחַ אֶת־עַמִּי֙ שְׁמִ֔י בַּחֲל֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְסַפְּר֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁכְח֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י בַּבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "The-*ḥōšəbîm* to-*hašəkîaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *šəmî* in-*ḥălômōtām* which *yəsappərû* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû*, as-which *šākəḥû* *ʾăbôtām* *ʾet*-*šəmî* in-the-*Bāʿal*.", "grammar": { "*ḥōšəbîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - thinking/planning", "*hašəkîaḥ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to forget", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my name", "*ḥălômōtām*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dreams", "*yəsappərû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they tell/recount", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor/companion", "*šākəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forgot", "*ʾăbôtām*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*Bāʿal*": "proper noun - Baal (deity)" }, "variants": { "*ḥōšəbîm*": "thinking/planning/devising/intending", "*hašəkîaḥ*": "to cause to forget/to make forget", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*šəmî*": "my name/my reputation/my character", "*ḥălômōtām*": "their dreams/their dream experiences", "*yəsappərû*": "they tell/they recount/they relate", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/person", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his friend" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.28", "source": "הַנָּבִ֞יא אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ חֲלוֹם֙ יְסַפֵּ֣ר חֲל֔וֹם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר דְּבָרִי֙ אִתּ֔וֹ יְדַבֵּ֥ר דְּבָרִ֖י אֱמֶ֑ת מַה־לַתֶּ֥בֶן אֶת־הַבָּ֖ר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "The-*nābîʾ* which-with-him *ḥălôm* *yəsappēr* *ḥălôm*, and-which *dəbārî* with-him *yədabbēr* *dəbārî* *ʾĕmet*. What-to-the-*teben* *ʾet*-the-*bār*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*?", "grammar": { "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*ḥălôm*": "noun, masculine singular - dream", "*yəsappēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - let him tell", "*dəbārî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my word", "*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - let him speak", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*teben*": "noun, masculine singular - chaff/straw", "*bār*": "noun, masculine singular - grain/corn", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*ḥălôm*": "dream/vision during sleep", "*dəbārî*": "my word/my speech/my message", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*teben*": "chaff/straw/stubble", "*bār*": "grain/corn/wheat" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.29", "source": "הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֧ה דְבָרִ֛י כָּאֵ֖שׁ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּכְפַטִּ֖ישׁ יְפֹ֥צֵֽץ סָֽלַע׃ ס", "text": "*Hălôʾ* thus *dəbārî* like-*ʾēš*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, and-like-*paṭṭîš* *yəpōṣēṣ* *sālaʿ*?", "grammar": { "*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*dəbārî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my word", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*paṭṭîš*": "noun, masculine singular - hammer", "*yəpōṣēṣ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shatters/breaks in pieces", "*sālaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - rock/cliff" }, "variants": { "*dəbārî*": "my word/my speech/my message", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*paṭṭîš*": "hammer/sledgehammer", "*yəpōṣēṣ*": "shatters/breaks in pieces/smashes", "*sālaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.30", "source": "לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מְגַנְּבֵ֣י דְבָרַ֔י אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*Lākēn* *hinənî* against-the-*nəbīʾîm*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *məgannəbê* *dəbāray* *ʾîš* from-*ʾēt* *rēʿēhû*.", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular suffix - behold I am", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*məgannəbê*": "piel participle, masculine plural construct - stealing", "*dəbāray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my words", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor/companion" }, "variants": { "*məgannəbê*": "stealing/pilfering/taking secretly", "*dəbāray*": "my words/my speeches/my messages", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/person", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his friend" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.31", "source": "הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הַלֹּקְחִ֣ים לְשׁוֹנָ֔ם וַֽיִּנְאֲמ֖וּ נְאֻֽם׃", "text": "*Hinənî* against-the-*nəbīʾîm*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, the-*lōqəḥîm* *ləšônām* and-*yinʾămû* *nəʾum*.", "grammar": { "*Hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular suffix - behold I am", "*nəbīʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lōqəḥîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taking", "*ləšônām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*yinʾămû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they declare/utter", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular - declaration/utterance" }, "variants": { "*lōqəḥîm*": "taking/using/employing", "*ləšônām*": "their tongue/their language/their speech", "*yinʾămû*": "they declare/they utter/they pronounce" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.32", "source": "הִ֠נְנִי עַֽל־נִבְּאֵ֞י חֲלֹמ֥וֹת שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיְסַפְּרוּם֙ וַיַּתְע֣וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י בְּשִׁקְרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְפַחֲזוּתָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֨י לֹֽא־שְׁלַחְתִּ֜ים וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֗ים וְהוֹעֵ֛יל לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֥ילוּ לָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "*Hinnēnî* against-*nībbeʾê* *ḥălōmôt* *šeqer* *neʾum*-*YHWH*, and-*yesapperûm* and-*yatʿû* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* in-*šiqrêhem* and-in-*paḥăzûtām*; and-*ʾānōkî* not-*šelaḥtîm* and-not *ṣiwwîtîm*, and-*hôʿêl* not-*yôʿîlû* to-*ʿām*-the-this *neʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēnî*": "particle + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am", "*nībbeʾê*": "construct plural noun - prophets of", "*ḥălōmôt*": "construct plural noun - dreams of", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*neʾum*": "construct noun - utterance/declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yesapperûm*": "imperfect 3rd person plural + 3rd person plural suffix - they tell them", "*yatʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they lead astray", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*šiqrêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix - their lies", "*paḥăzûtām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix - their recklessness", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*šelaḥtîm*": "perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person plural suffix - I sent them", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person plural suffix - I commanded them", "*hôʿêl*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - to profit/benefit", "*yôʿîlû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will profit/benefit", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of" }, "variants": { "*Hinnēnî*": "behold me/I am/I am here", "*nībbeʾê*": "prophets of/those who prophesy", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*neʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle", "*yesapperûm*": "they tell them/they recount them", "*yatʿû*": "they lead astray/they cause to err", "*paḥăzûtām*": "their recklessness/their wantonness/their frivolity", "*hôʿêl*": "profiting/benefiting", "*yôʿîlû*": "they will profit/they will benefit/they will help" } }
  • Isa 56:10-12 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.56.10", "source": "*צפו **צֹפָ֞יו עִוְרִ֤ים כֻּלָּם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ כֻּלָּם֙ כְּלָבִ֣ים אִלְּמִ֔ים לֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ לִנְבֹּ֑חַ הֹזִים֙ שֹֽׁכְבִ֔ים אֹהֲבֵ֖י לָנֽוּם׃", "text": "*ṣōpāyw* *ʿiwrîm* *kullām*, not *yādāʿû*; *kullām* *kĕlābîm* *ʾillĕmîm*, not *yûklû* *linbōaḥ*; *hōzîm* *šōkĕbîm*, *ʾōhăbê* *lānûm*.", "grammar": { "*ṣōpāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his watchmen", "*ʿiwrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - blind", "*kullām*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they know/knew", "*kullām*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*kĕlābîm*": "masculine plural noun - dogs", "*ʾillĕmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mute/unable to speak", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûklû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are able", "*linbōaḥ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to bark", "*hōzîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - dreaming/seeing visions", "*šōkĕbîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - lying down", "*ʾōhăbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - loving", "*lānûm*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to slumber" }, "variants": { "*ṣōpāyw*": "his watchmen/lookouts/sentinels", "*ʿiwrîm*": "blind/sightless", "*yādāʿû*": "they know/understand/perceive", "*kĕlābîm*": "dogs/scavengers", "*ʾillĕmîm*": "mute/silent/unable to speak", "*hōzîm*": "dreamers/visionaries/those seeing visions", "*šōkĕbîm*": "lying down/reclining", "*ʾōhăbê lānûm*": "loving to slumber/fond of sleeping" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.56.11", "source": "וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ שָׂבְעָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה רֹעִ֔ים לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ הָבִ֑ין כֻּלָּם֙ לְדַרְכָּ֣ם פָּנ֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְבִצְע֖וֹ מִקָּצֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And *hakkĕlābîm* *ʿazzê*-*nepeš*, not *yādĕʿû* *śobʿāh*; and they [are] *rōʿîm* [who] not *yādĕʿû* *hābîn*; *kullām* to-*darkām* *pānû*, *ʾîš* to-*biṣʿô* from-*qāṣēhû*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hakkĕlābîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the dogs", "*ʿazzê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - fierce/strong/greedy of", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/appetite/desire", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they know", "*śobʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - satisfaction/fullness", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds/pastors", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they know", "*hābîn*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to understand/discern", "*kullām*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*lĕdarkām*": "preposition with feminine singular noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their way", "*pānû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they turned", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one", "*lĕbiṣʿô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun and 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his gain", "*miqqāṣēhû*": "preposition with masculine singular noun and 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his end/extremity" }, "variants": { "*hakkĕlābîm*": "the dogs/scavengers", "*ʿazzê-nepeš*": "greedy of appetite/fierce in soul/strong in desire", "*śobʿāh*": "satisfaction/fullness/contentment", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/leaders", "*hābîn*": "to understand/discern/have insight", "*pānû*": "they turned/faced/looked", "*lĕbiṣʿô*": "to his gain/profit/unjust gain", "*miqqāṣēhû*": "from his end/extremity/quarter (idiom: every one of them without exception)" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.56.12", "source": "אֵתָ֥יוּ אֶקְחָה־יַ֖יִן וְנִסְבְּאָ֣ה שֵׁכָ֑ר וְהָיָ֤ה כָזֶה֙ י֣וֹם מָחָ֔ר גָּד֖וֹל יֶ֥תֶר מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*ʾētāyû*, *ʾeqḥāh*-*yayin* and *nisbbĕʾāh* *šēkār*; and *hāyāh* like-this *yôm* *māḥār*, *gādôl* *yeter* *mĕʾōd*.", "grammar": { "*ʾētāyû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*ʾeqḥāh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular, cohortative - let me take/fetch", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nisbbĕʾāh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural, cohortative - let us drink our fill", "*šēkār*": "masculine singular noun - strong drink/intoxicating drink", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*kāzeh*": "preposition with demonstrative pronoun - like this", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*yeter*": "masculine singular noun - exceeding/abundant/remnant", "*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*ʾētāyû*": "come!/arrive!/enter!", "*ʾeqḥāh-yayin*": "let me fetch wine/I will take wine", "*nisbbĕʾāh*": "let us drink our fill/let us be intoxicated/let us carouse", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating drink/beer", "*kāzeh yôm māḥār*": "like this day tomorrow/tomorrow will be like today", "*gādôl yeter mĕʾōd*": "exceedingly great/very abundant/even much better" } }
  • Jer 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.8", "source": "הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים לֹ֤א אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה וְתֹפְשֵׂ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּנִי וְהָרֹעִ֖ים פָּ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְהַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּא֣וּ בַבַּ֔עַל וְאַחֲרֵ֥י לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֖לוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "*Ha-kōhănîm* *lōʾ* *ʾāmərû* *ʾayyēh* *YHWH* *wə-tōpśê* *ha-tôrāh* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûnî* *wə-hā-rōʿîm* *pāšəʿû* *bî* *wə-ha-nəbîʾîm* *nibbəʾû* *ba-Baʿal* *wə-ʾaḥărê* *lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû* *hālākû*", "grammar": { "*Ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wə-tōpśê*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural construct - and handlers of", "*ha-tôrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law/instruction", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st singular suffix - they knew me", "*wə-hā-rōʿîm*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - and the shepherds", "*pāšəʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they rebelled", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - against me", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the prophets", "*nibbəʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they prophesied", "*ba-Baʿal*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - by Baal", "*wə-ʾaḥărê*": "conjunction + preposition - and after", "*lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they do not profit", "*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they walked" }, "variants": { "*tōpśê*": "handlers of/those who grasp/those who hold", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*yədāʿûnî*": "they knew me/they recognized me/they acknowledged me", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*pāšəʿû*": "rebelled/transgressed/revolted", "*nibbəʾû*": "prophesied/spoke as prophets", "*yôʿîlû*": "profit/benefit/help" } }
  • Jer 5:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.31", "source": "הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים נִבְּא֣וּ־בַשֶּׁ֗קֶר וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ יִרְדּ֣וּ עַל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמִּ֖י אָ֣הֲבוּ כֵ֑ן וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃", "text": "The *nəbî'îm* *nibbə'û*-in the *šeqer*, and the *kōhănîm* *yirdû* upon-their *yədêhem*, and my *'ammî* *'āhăbû* thus; and what-you will *ta'ăśû* for its *'aḥărîtāh*?", "grammar": { "*ha*": "article - the", "*nəbî'îm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibbə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they prophesied", "*ba*": "preposition + article - in the", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "article - the", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*yirdû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they rule", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/according to", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'ammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*'āhăbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they loved", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*ta'ăśû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will do", "*lə*": "preposition - for/to", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end" }, "variants": { "*nibbə'û-baššeqer*": "they prophesied falsely/prophesied lies", "*yirdû 'al-yədêhem*": "they rule at their direction/rule by their authority", "*'āhăbû kēn*": "loved it so/preferred it that way", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "its end/outcome/aftermath" } }
  • Jer 8:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.9", "source": "הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ חֲכָמִ֔ים חַ֖תּוּ וַיִּלָּכֵ֑דוּ הִנֵּ֤ה בִדְבַר־יְהוָה֙ מָאָ֔סוּ וְחָכְמַֽת־מֶ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "The *ḥăkāmîm* *hōbîšû*, they *ḥattû* and-*wayyillākēdû*. Behold, in-*dᵊbar*-*YHWH* they *māʾāsû*, and-*ḥākmat*-*meh* to-them?", "grammar": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective masculine plural - wise ones", "*hōbîšû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they are put to shame", "*ḥattû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they are dismayed/terrified", "*wayyillākēdû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they are caught/trapped", "*dᵊbar*": "construct state - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*māʾāsû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have rejected", "*ḥākmat*": "construct state - wisdom of", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/sages", "*hōbîšû*": "are put to shame/are disgraced/are humiliated", "*ḥattû*": "are dismayed/terrified/broken", "*wayyillākēdû*": "are caught/trapped/ensnared", "*dᵊbar*": "word/statement/command", "*māʾāsû*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*ḥākmat*": "wisdom/skill/understanding" } }
  • Jer 49:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.32", "source": "וְהָי֨וּ גְמַלֵּיהֶ֜ם לָבַ֗ז וַהֲמ֤וֹן מִקְנֵיהֶם֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל וְזֵרִתִ֥ים לְכָל־ר֖וּחַ קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֑ה וּמִכָּל־עֲבָרָ֛יו אָבִ֥יא אֶת־אֵידָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-hāyû gəmallêhem lābaz wa-hămôn miqnêhem ləšālāl wə-zērītîm ləkāl-rûaḥ qəṣûṣê pēʾâ ûmikkāl-ʿăbārāyw ʾābîʾ ʾet-ʾêdām nəʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd plural - and they will be/become", "*gəmallêhem*": "noun + possessive suffix, masculine plural - their camels", "*lābaz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for plunder", "*wa-hămôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and multitude/abundance of", "*miqnêhem*": "noun + possessive suffix, masculine plural - their livestock/possessions", "*ləšālāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for spoil/booty", "*wə-zērītîm*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular with object suffix, 3rd plural - and I will scatter them", "*ləkāl-rûaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - to every wind/direction", "*qəṣûṣê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - ones cut/clipped", "*pēʾâ*": "noun, feminine singular - corner/side/edge", "*ûmikkāl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from all", "*ʿăbārāyw*": "noun + possessive suffix, masculine plural - its sides/crossings", "*ʾābîʾ*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring", "*ʾet-ʾêdām*": "direct object marker + noun + possessive suffix, masculine singular - their calamity/disaster", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*gəmallêhem*": "their camels", "*baz*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*hămôn*": "multitude/abundance/wealth/noise", "*miqnêhem*": "their cattle/livestock/possessions", "*šālāl*": "spoil/booty/plunder", "*zērītîm*": "I will scatter/disperse them", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit/direction", "*qəṣûṣê pēʾâ*": "those who cut the corners [of their hair/beard]", "*ʾêdām*": "their disaster/calamity" } }
  • Jer 50:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.17", "source": "שֶׂ֧ה פְזוּרָ֛ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲרָי֣וֹת הִדִּ֑יחוּ הָרִאשׁ֤וֹן אֲכָלוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְזֶ֤ה הָאַחֲרוֹן֙ עִצְּמ֔וֹ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס", "text": "*seh* *pəzurah* *yisraʾel* *ʾarayot* *hiddiḥu* the *riʾshon* *ʾakhalo* *melekh* *ʾashshur* *wə-zeh* the *ʾaḥaron* *ʿitstsəmo* *nəvukhadreʾtstsar* *melekh* *bavel*.", "grammar": { "*seh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*pəzurah*": "adjective, feminine singular - scattered", "*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾarayot*": "noun, masculine plural - lions", "*hiddiḥu*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have driven away/scattered", "*riʾshon*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the first", "*ʾakhalo*": "perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has eaten/devoured him", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and this", "*ʾaḥaron*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the last", "*ʿitstsəmo*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has broken/crushed his bones", "*nəvukhadreʾtstsar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*seh*": "sheep/lamb/flock member", "*pəzurah*": "scattered/dispersed/driven away", "*hiddiḥu*": "scattered/driven away/thrust aside", "*ʾakhalo*": "devoured/consumed/eaten him", "*ʿitstsəmo*": "broken his bones/crushed him/gnawed his bones" } }
  • Jer 10:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.14", "source": "נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל־אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל־צוֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם׃", "text": "*Nibʿar* every-*ʾādām* from-*daʿat* *hōbîš* every-*ṣôrēf* from-*pāsel* *kî* *šeqer* *niskô* and-no-*rûaḥ* in-them", "grammar": { "*Nibʿar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is stupid/brutish", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*hōbîš*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is put to shame", "*ṣôrēf*": "qal participle, masculine singular - goldsmith/silversmith", "*pāsel*": "noun, masculine singular - carved image/idol", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - lie/falsehood", "*niskô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his molten image", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - breath/spirit" }, "variants": { "*Nibʿar*": "is stupid/brutish/senseless/uncomprehending", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/understanding/skill", "*hōbîš*": "is put to shame/disgraced/disappointed", "*ṣôrēf*": "goldsmith/silversmith/refiner/metalworker", "*pāsel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*šeqer*": "lie/falsehood/deception", "*niskô*": "his molten image/cast idol/metal statue" } }
  • John 10:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "John.10.12", "source": "Ὁ μισθωτὸς δέ, καὶ οὐκ ὢν ποιμήν, οὗ οὐκ εἰσὶν τὰ πρόβατα ἴδια, θεωρεῖ τὸν λύκον ἐρχόμενον, καὶ ἀφίησιν τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ φεύγει: καὶ ὁ λύκος ἁρπάζει αὐτά, καὶ σκορπίζει τὰ πρόβατα.", "text": "The *misthōtos de*, and not *ōn poimēn*, of whom not *eisin* the *probata idia*, *theōrei* the *lykon erchomenon*, and *aphiēsin* the *probata*, and *pheugei*: and the *lykos harpazei* them, and *skorpizei* the *probata*.", "grammar": { "*misthōtos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - hired man/hireling", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*ōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - being", "*poimēn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - shepherd", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*probata*": "nominative, neuter, plural - sheep", "*idia*": "nominative, neuter, plural - own/belonging to oneself", "*theōrei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - sees/perceives", "*lykon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wolf", "*erchomenon*": "present middle participle, accusative masculine singular - coming", "*aphiēsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - leaves/abandons", "*pheugei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - flees/runs away", "*lykos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wolf", "*harpazei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - seizes/snatches", "*skorpizei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - scatters/disperses" }, "variants": { "*misthōtos*": "hired man/hireling/wage earner", "*de*": "but/and/now", "*ōn*": "being/existing", "*poimēn*": "shepherd/herdsman", "*eisin*": "are/exist", "*probata*": "sheep", "*idia*": "own/belonging to oneself", "*theōrei*": "sees/observes/perceives", "*lykon*": "wolf", "*erchomenon*": "coming/approaching", "*aphiēsin*": "leaves/abandons/lets go", "*pheugei*": "flees/runs away/escapes", "*harpazei*": "seizes/snatches/takes by force", "*skorpizei*": "scatters/disperses/separates" } } 13 { "verseID": "John.10.13", "source": "Ὁ δὲ μισθωτὸς φεύγει, ὅτι μισθωτός ἐστιν, καὶ οὐ μέλει αὐτῷ περὶ τῶν προβάτων.", "text": "The *de misthōtos pheugei*, because *misthōtos estin*, and not *melei* to him about the *probatōn*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*misthōtos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - hired man/hireling", "*pheugei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - flees/runs away", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*melei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - cares/is concerned", "*probatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of sheep" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/now", "*misthōtos*": "hired man/hireling/wage earner", "*pheugei*": "flees/runs away/escapes", "*estin*": "is/exists", "*melei*": "cares/is concerned/matters", "*probatōn*": "sheep" } }