Verse 17

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.17", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה אֱד֖וֹם לְשַׁמָּ֑ה כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽהָ", "text": "And *hayeta* *Edom* for *shamma*; all *ober* upon her *yisshom* and *yishroq* at all her *makkoteha*", "grammar": { "*hayeta*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become/be", "*Edom*": "proper noun - Edom", "*shamma*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/desolation", "*ober*": "participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*yisshom*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be appalled", "*yishroq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*makkoteha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular possessive suffix - her wounds/plagues" }, "variants": { "*shamma*": "horror/desolation/waste", "*ober*": "passer-by/traveler", "*yisshom*": "will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yishroq*": "will hiss/whistle/make deriding sounds", "*makkoteha*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Jer 50:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.13", "source": "מִקֶּ֤צֶף יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֔ב וְהָיְתָ֥ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה כֻּלָּ֑הּ כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "From-*qeṣep* *YHWH* not *tēšēb* and-*hāyĕtâ* *šĕmāmâ* all-of-her all *ʿōbēr* upon-*Bābel* *yiššōm* and-*yišrōq* upon-all-*makkôtêhā*.", "grammar": { "*qeṣep*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wrath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited", "*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*šĕmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be appalled", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*makkôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wounds/plagues" }, "variants": { "*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*tēšēb*": "she will be inhabited/dwelt in", "*šĕmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*yiššōm*": "he will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yišrōq*": "he will hiss/whistle (gesture of scorn or amazement)", "*makkôtêhā*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters" } }
  • Ezek 35:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.35.7", "source": "וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר לְשִֽׁמְמָ֖ה וּשְׁמָמָ֑ה וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עֹבֵ֥ר וָשָֽׁב׃", "text": "And *nātattî* *ʾet*-*har* *Śēʿîr* to *šimməmâ* and *šəmāmâ*; and *hikrattî* from it *ʿōḇēr* and *šāḇ*.", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st common singular - I will make/give", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*har*": "noun masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Śēʿîr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*šimməmâ*": "noun feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*šəmāmâ*": "noun feminine singular - devastation/waste", "*hikrattî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I will cut off", "*ʿōḇēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one passing", "*šāḇ*": "qal participle masculine singular - one returning" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I will make/give/set", "*šimməmâ*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*šəmāmâ*": "devastation/waste/ruin", "*hikrattî*": "I will cut off/eliminate/destroy", "*ʿōḇēr*": "one passing through/traveler", "*šāḇ*": "one returning/one coming back" } }
  • Jer 49:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.13", "source": "כִּ֣י בִ֤י נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־לְשַׁמָּ֧ה לְחֶרְפָּ֛ה לְחֹ֥רֶב וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה בָצְרָ֑ה וְכָל־עָרֶ֥יהָ תִהְיֶ֖ינָה לְחָרְב֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "For by *bî* *nišbaʿtî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, that for-*šammāh* for-*ḥerpāh* for-*ḥōreb* and-for-*qəlālāh* *tihyeh* *boṣrāh*, *wə*-all-*ʿārêhā* *tihyênāh* for-*ḥorbôt* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*bî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - by myself", "*nišbaʿtî*": "niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sworn", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*šammāh*": "feminine singular noun - horror/astonishment", "*ḥerpāh*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace", "*ḥōreb*": "masculine singular noun - waste/desolation", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun - curse", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become", "*boṣrāh*": "proper noun - Bozrah (Edomite city)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿārêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her cities", "*tihyênāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will become", "*ḥorbôt*": "feminine plural noun - ruins/waste places", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - everlasting/perpetual" }, "variants": { "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/taunt", "*ḥōreb*": "waste/desolation/drought" } }
  • Jer 18:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.16", "source": "לָשׂ֥וּם אַרְצָ֛ם לְשַׁמָּ֖ה *שרוקת **שְׁרִיק֣וֹת עוֹלָ֑ם כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֖ם וְיָנִ֥יד בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "To *lāśûm* their land to *šammāh* *šĕrîqôt* *ʿôlām*; all who *ʿôbēr* by it *yiššōm* and *yānîd* his head", "grammar": { "*lāśûm*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to make/set", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/horror", "*šĕrîqôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hissing/derision of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/lasting", "*ʿôbēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*yiššōm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be appalled", "*yānîd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will shake/wag" }, "variants": { "*lāśûm*": "to make/set/establish", "*šammāh*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*šĕrîqôt*": "hissing/derision/scorn", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/everlasting/perpetual", "*ʿôbēr*": "passing by/crossing over", "*yiššōm*": "will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yānîd*": "will shake/wag/nod" } }
  • 1 Kgs 9:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.9.8", "source": "וְהַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה עֶלְי֔וֹן כָּל־עֹבֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו יִשֹּׁ֣ם וְשָׁרָ֑ק וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְלַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And the-*bayit* the-*zeh* *yihyeh* *ʿelyôn*, all-*ʿōbēr* by-it *yiššōm* and *wəšārāq*; and *wəʾāmərû*, for-what *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* thus to-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-*zōʾt* and to-the-*bayit* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the house", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - it will be", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - high/exalted", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be appalled", "*wəšārāq*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and he will hiss/whistle", "*wəʾāmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3mp - and they will say", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine - this", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the house", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*yihyeh ʿelyôn*": "will be high/exalted/in ruins (contextual meaning)", "*yiššōm*": "will be appalled/astonished/shocked", "*wəšārāq*": "and he will hiss/whistle (as expression of shock)", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/brought about" } }
  • Jer 51:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.37", "source": "וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל ׀ לְגַלִּ֧ים ׀ מְעוֹן־תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב", "text": "And-*hāyətāh* *Bābel* to-*gallîm* *məʿôn*-*tannîm* *šammāh* and-*šərēqāh* from-*ʾên* *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will become/she will be", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*gallîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps/ruins", "*məʿôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment", "*šərēqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hissing/derision", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without/there is not", "*yôšēb*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/piles", "*məʿôn*": "dwelling place/habitation/den", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents", "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation", "*šərēqāh*": "hissing/derision/scorn" } }
  • Lam 2:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.15", "source": "סָֽפְק֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶ֔רֶךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיָּנִ֣עוּ רֹאשָׁ֔ם עַל־בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם הֲזֹ֣את הָעִ֗יר שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כְּלִ֣ילַת יֹ֔פִי מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*sāp̄əqû* upon-you *kappayim* all-*ʿōḇrê* *ḏereḵ* *šārəqû* and-*wayyānîʿû* *rōʾšām* on-daughter *yərûšālāim* Is-this the-*ʿîr* that-*šeyyōʾmərû* *kəlîlaṯ* *yōp̄î* *māśôś* to-all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*sāp̄əqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have clapped", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - at you", "*kappayim*": "noun, feminine dual - palms/hands", "*kol-ʿōḇrê*": "noun, masculine singular construct + qal participle, masculine plural construct - all passersby of", "*ḏereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - way/road", "*šārəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have hissed", "*wayyānîʿû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they have shaken", "*rōʾšām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their head", "*ʿal-baṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - at daughter of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hăzōʾṯ*": "interrogative particle + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - is this", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*šeyyōʾmərû*": "relative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - that they called", "*kəlîlaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - perfection of", "*yōp̄î*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty", "*māśôś*": "noun, masculine singular - joy", "*ləḵol-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to all the earth" }, "variants": { "*sāp̄əqû*": "clap/strike/slap", "*kappayim*": "hands/palms", "*ʿōḇrê*": "passersby/those who pass", "*šārəqû*": "hiss/whistle (in mockery)", "*wayyānîʿû*": "shake/wag/move", "*kəlîlaṯ*": "perfection/crown/completeness", "*yōp̄î*": "beauty/splendor", "*māśôś*": "joy/gladness/delight" } } 16 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.16", "source": "פָּצ֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ פִּיהֶם֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔יִךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיַּֽחַרְקוּ־שֵׁ֔ן אָמְר֖וּ בִּלָּ֑עְנוּ אַ֣ךְ זֶ֥ה הַיּ֛וֹם שֶׁקִּוִּינֻ֖הוּ מָצָ֥אנוּ רָאִֽינוּ׃", "text": "*pāṣû* upon-you *pîhem* all-*ʾôyəḇayiḵ* *šārəqû* and-*wayyaḥarqû*-*šēn* *ʾāmərû* *billāʿnû* surely this the-*yôm* that-*šeqqiwwînuhû* *māṣāʾnû* *rāʾînû*", "grammar": { "*pāṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have opened wide", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*kol-ʾôyəḇayiḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - all your enemies", "*šārəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have hissed", "*wayyaḥarqû-šēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + noun, feminine singular - and they have gnashed teeth", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have said", "*billāʿnû*": "piel perfect, 1st common plural - we have swallowed her", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/indeed", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*šeqqiwwînuhû*": "relative particle + piel perfect, 1st common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - that we have waited for it", "*māṣāʾnû*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have found", "*rāʾînû*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have seen" }, "variants": { "*pāṣû*": "open wide/gape", "*ʾôyəḇayiḵ*": "enemies/foes/adversaries", "*šārəqû*": "hiss/whistle (in mockery)", "*wayyaḥarqû-šēn*": "gnash teeth/grind teeth", "*billāʿnû*": "swallow up/devour/destroy", "*qiwwînuhû*": "wait for/hope for/expect" } }
  • Ezek 25:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.13", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְנָטִ֤תִי יָדִי֙ עַל־אֱד֔וֹם וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֣ם וּבְהֵמָ֑ה וּנְתַתִּ֤יהָ חָרְבָּה֙ מִתֵּימָ֔ן וּדְדָ֖נֶה בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*lākēn* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *wənāṭîtî* *yādî* *ʿal*-*ʾĕdôm* *wəhikrattî* *mimmennâ* *ʾādām* *ûbəhēmâ* *ûnətattîhā* *ḥārbâ* *mittêmān* *ûdədāneh* *baḥereb* *yippōlû*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*wənāṭîtî*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will stretch out", "*yādî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿal*-*ʾĕdôm*": "preposition + proper noun - against Edom", "*wəhikrattî*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - and I will cut off", "*mimmennâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from it", "*ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*ûbəhēmâ*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular - and beast", "*ûnətattîhā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*ḥārbâ*": "noun feminine singular - a ruin/waste", "*mittêmān*": "preposition + proper noun - from Teman", "*ûdədāneh*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Dedan", "*baḥereb*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - by the sword", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will fall" }, "variants": { "*wənāṭîtî* *yādî*": "I will stretch out my hand/I will extend my power", "*hikrattî* *mimmennâ* *ʾādām* *ûbəhēmâ*": "I will cut off from it man and beast/I will eliminate both humans and animals", "*ḥārbâ*": "desolation/ruins/wasteland", "*mittêmān* *ûdədāneh*": "from Teman to Dedan/across the whole territory" } }
  • 2 Chr 7:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.7.20", "source": "וּנְתַשְׁתִּ֗ים מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי לִשְׁמִ֔י אַשְׁלִ֖יךְ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑י וְאֶתְּנֶ֛נּוּ לְמָשָׁ֥ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֖ה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּֽים׃", "text": "*û-* *nəṯaštîm* from *mēʿal* my land *ʾaḏmāṯî* *ʾăšer* *nāṯattî* to them *lāhem* *wə-* *ʾeṯ-* the *habbaîṯ* the *hazzeh* *ʾăšer* *hiqdaštî* for my name *lišmî* *ʾašlîḵ* from *mēʿal* my face *pānāy* *wə-* *ʾettənenû* as a *ləmāšāl* *wə-* as a *lišnînâ* among *bəḵāl-* the *hāʿammîm*.", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*nəṯaštîm*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will uproot them'", "*mēʿal*": "compound preposition - 'from upon'", "*ʾaḏmāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - 'my land'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - 'which/that'", "*nāṯattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - 'I have given'", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to them'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾeṯ-*": "direct object marker", "*habbaîṯ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the house'", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - 'this'", "*hiqdaštî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - 'I have sanctified'", "*lišmî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular and 1st singular suffix - 'for my name'", "*ʾašlîḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - 'I will cast/throw'", "*mēʿal*": "compound preposition - 'from upon'", "*pānāy*": "noun, common plural construct with 1st singular suffix - 'my face'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾettənenû*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'I will make it'", "*ləmāšāl*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - 'for a proverb/byword'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*lišnînâ*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - 'for a taunt'", "*bəḵāl-*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - 'among all'", "*hāʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - 'the peoples'" }, "variants": { "*nəṯaštîm*": "I will uproot them, I will pluck them out, I will remove them", "*ʾaḏmāṯî*": "my land, my ground, my territory", "*nāṯattî*": "I have given, I granted, I bestowed", "*habbaîṯ*": "the house, the temple, the building", "*hiqdaštî*": "I have sanctified, I have consecrated, I have set apart", "*lišmî*": "for my name, for my reputation, for my character", "*ʾašlîḵ*": "I will cast, I will throw, I will send away", "*pānāy*": "my face, my presence, my sight", "*ʾettənenû*": "I will make it, I will set it, I will place it", "*ləmāšāl*": "for a proverb, for a byword, for a saying", "*lišnînâ*": "for a taunt, for mockery, for derision", "*hāʿammîm*": "the peoples, the nations, the populations" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.7.21", "source": "וְהַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה עֶלְי֔וֹן לְכָל־עֹבֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו יִשֹּׁ֑ם וְאָמַ֗ר בַּמֶּ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְלַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And the *wə-habbaîṯ* the *hazzeh* *ʾăšer* *hāyâ* *ʿelyôn* to all *ləḵāl-* *ʿōḇēr* upon *ʿālāw* *yiššōm* *wə-* *ʾāmar* *bammeh* *ʿāśâ* *yəhwâ* thus *kāḵâ* to the land *lāʾāreṣ* the *hazzōʾṯ* *wə-* to the house *labbaîṯ* the *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-habbaîṯ*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular and definite article - 'and the house'", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - 'this'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - 'which/that'", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'was'", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'high/exalted'", "*ləḵāl-*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - 'to all'", "*ʿōḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'one passing'", "*ʿālāw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'by it'", "*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will be astonished'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he will say'", "*bammeh*": "preposition with interrogative pronoun - 'why/for what reason'", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'has done'", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - 'YHWH/LORD'", "*kāḵâ*": "adverb - 'thus/like this'", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - 'to the land'", "*hazzōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - 'this'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*labbaîṯ*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular and definite article - 'to the house'", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - 'this'" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was, existed, became", "*ʿelyôn*": "high, exalted, lofty", "*ʿōḇēr*": "passing by, crossing over, going over", "*yiššōm*": "will be astonished, will be appalled, will be stunned", "*ʾāmar*": "he will say, he will declare, he will speak", "*bammeh*": "why, for what reason, on what account", "*ʿāśâ*": "has done, has acted, has brought about", "*kāḵâ*": "thus, in this manner, like this" } }
  • Isa 34:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.9", "source": "וְנֶהֶפְכ֤וּ נְחָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְזֶ֔פֶת וַעֲפָרָ֖הּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית וְהָיְתָ֣ה אַרְצָ֔הּ לְזֶ֖פֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕnehepkû* *nĕḥālêhā* *lĕzepet* *waʿăpārāh* *lĕgāprît* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *ʾarṣāh* *lĕzepet* *bōʿērâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕnehepkû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be turned/changed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its streams", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*waʿăpārāh*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its dust/soil", "*lĕgāprît*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to sulfur/brimstone", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*ʾarṣāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its land", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*bōʿērâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - burning" }, "variants": { "*nehepkû*": "will be turned/will be changed/will be transformed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "its streams/its wadis/its valleys", "*zepet*": "pitch/tar/bitumen", "*ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/its soil/its dirt", "*gāprît*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*hāyĕtâ*": "will be/will become/will happen", "*ʾarṣāh*": "its land/its territory/its earth", "*bōʿērâ*": "burning/blazing/consuming" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.10", "source": "לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*laylâ* *wĕyômām* *lōʾ* *tikbeh* *lĕʿôlām* *yaʿăleh* *ʿăšānāh* *middôr* *lādôr* *teḥĕrāb* *lĕnēṣaḥ* *nĕṣāḥîm* *ʾên* *ʿōbēr* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*laylâ*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*wĕyômām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and day", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be extinguished/quenched", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*ʿăšānāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its smoke", "*middôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from generation", "*lādôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*teḥĕrāb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be desolate/waste", "*lĕnēṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for perpetuity", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - perpetuities/eternities", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*yômām*": "day/daytime", "*tikbeh*": "will be extinguished/will be quenched/will go out", "*lĕʿôlām*": "forever/for eternity/for all time", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will ascend/will rise", "*ʿăšānāh*": "its smoke/its vapor", "*middôr*": "from generation", "*lādôr*": "to generation/to age", "*teḥĕrāb*": "will be desolate/will be waste/will be in ruins", "*nēṣaḥ*": "perpetuity/eternity/forever", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "perpetuities/eternities/forevers", "*ʿōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.11", "source": "וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wîrēšûhā* *qāʾat* *wĕqippôd* *wĕyanšôp* *wĕʿōrēb* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh* *wĕnāṭâ* *ʿālêhā* *qaw*-*tōhû* *wĕʾabnê*-*bōhû*", "grammar": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will possess it", "*qāʾat*": "feminine singular noun - pelican", "*wĕqippôd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and hedgehog/porcupine", "*wĕyanšôp*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and owl", "*wĕʿōrēb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and raven", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wĕnāṭâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will stretch out", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - over it", "*qaw*": "masculine singular construct - line of", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - chaos/emptiness", "*wĕʾabnê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and stones of", "*bōhû*": "masculine singular noun - void/emptiness" }, "variants": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "will possess it/will inherit it/will take possession of it", "*qāʾat*": "pelican/desert owl/cormorant", "*qippôd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*yanšôp*": "owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow", "*yiškĕnû*": "will dwell/will inhabit/will reside", "*nāṭâ*": "will stretch out/will extend/will measure", "*qaw*": "line/measuring line/cord", "*tōhû*": "chaos/emptiness/waste/formlessness", "*ʾabnê*": "stones/weights", "*bōhû*": "void/emptiness/desolation" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.13", "source": "וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕʿālĕtâ* *ʾarmĕnōtêhā* *sîrîm* *qimmôś* *wāḥôaḥ* *bĕmibṣārêhā* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *nĕwēh* *tannîm* *ḥāṣîr* *libnôt* *yaʿănâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿālĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will grow/come up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its citadels/palaces", "*sîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/briars", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - nettle/thorny weed", "*wāḥôaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and thistle/thorn", "*bĕmibṣārêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in its fortresses", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular construct - habitation of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals/dragons", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grass/enclosure", "*libnôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - for daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʿālĕtâ*": "will grow/will come up/will spring up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "its citadels/its palaces/its fortified towers", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*qimmôś*": "nettle/thorny weed/wild weeds", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thistle/thorn/bramble", "*mibṣārêhā*": "its fortresses/its strongholds", "*nĕwēh*": "habitation/dwelling place/pasture", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/wolves", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/court/enclosure", "*banôt*": "daughters", "*yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.14", "source": "וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃", "text": "*ûpāgĕšû* *ṣiyyîm* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyîm* *wĕśāʿîr* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *yiqrāʾ* *ʾak*-*šām* *hirgîʿâ* *lîlît* *ûmāṣĕʾâ* *lāh* *mānôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ûpāgĕšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will meet", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures", "*wĕśāʿîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and he-goat/satyr", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will call", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hirgîʿâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will rest/settle", "*lîlît*": "feminine singular noun - Lilith/night creature", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will find", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - resting place" }, "variants": { "*pāgĕšû*": "will meet/will encounter/will confront", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/hyenas/jackals", "*śāʿîr*": "he-goat/satyr/hairy one/demon", "*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/his neighbor/his fellow", "*yiqrāʾ*": "will call/will cry out/will proclaim", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hirgîʿâ*": "will rest/will settle/will find repose", "*lîlît*": "Lilith/night creature/night monster", "*māṣĕʾâ*": "will find/will discover", "*mānôaḥ*": "resting place/place of rest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.15", "source": "שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šāmmâ* *qinnĕnâ* *qippôz* *watĕmallēṭ* *ûbāqĕʿâ* *wĕdāgĕrâ* *bĕṣillāh* *ʾak*-*šām* *niqbĕṣû* *dayyôt* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh*", "grammar": { "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - makes/built a nest", "*qippôz*": "feminine singular noun - arrow snake", "*watĕmallēṭ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will lay eggs", "*ûbāqĕʿâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will hatch", "*wĕdāgĕrâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will gather", "*bĕṣillāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her shadow", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqbĕṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are gathered", "*dayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - kites/vultures", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion" }, "variants": { "*šāmmâ*": "there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "makes a nest/builds a nest/nests", "*qippôz*": "arrow snake/owl/dartsnake", "*tĕmallēṭ*": "will lay eggs/will give birth/will deliver", "*bāqĕʿâ*": "will hatch/will break open", "*dāgĕrâ*": "will gather/will brood over/will incubate", "*ṣillāh*": "her shadow/her shade", "*niqbĕṣû*": "are gathered/are assembled/are collected", "*dayyôt*": "kites/vultures/birds of prey", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her neighbor" } }
  • Ezek 35:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.35.15", "source": "כְּשִׂמְחָ֨תְךָ֜ לְנַחְלַ֧ת בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמֵ֖מָה כֵּ֣ן אֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ שְׁמָמָ֨ה תִֽהְיֶ֤ה הַר־שֵׂעִיר֙ וְכָל־אֱד֣וֹם כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "According to your *kəśimḥātəḵā* for *naḥălat* *bêt*-*Yiśrāʾēl* because *ʾăšer*-*šāmēmâ*, so I will *ʾeʿĕśeh*-to you; *šəmāmâ* *tihyeh* *har*-*Śēʿîr* and all-*ʾĔdôm* all of it, and *wəyādəʿû* that-I am *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*kəśimḥātəḵā*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - according to your rejoicing", "*naḥălat*": "noun feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/because", "*šāmēmâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it was desolate", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will do", "*šəmāmâ*": "noun feminine singular - desolation", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be", "*har*": "noun masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Śēʿîr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*ʾĔdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*wəyādəʿû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will know" }, "variants": { "*kəśimḥātəḵā*": "according to your rejoicing/joy/gladness", "*naḥălat*": "inheritance/possession of", "*bêt*": "house/family/dynasty of", "*ʾăšer*": "which/because/when", "*šāmēmâ*": "it was desolate/laid waste/ruined", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/make/perform", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*tihyeh*": "it will be/become", "*wəyādəʿû*": "and they will know/understand/recognize" } }
  • Mic 6:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Micah.6.16", "source": "וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּ֞ר חֻקּ֣וֹת עָמְרִ֗י וְכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה בֵית־אַחְאָ֔ב וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ בְּמֹֽעֲצוֹתָ֑ם לְמַעַן֩ תִּתִּ֨י אֹתְךָ֜ לְשַׁמָּ֗ה וְיֹשְׁבֶ֙יהָ֙ לִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת עַמִּ֖י תִּשָּֽׂאוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yištammēr* *ḥuqqôt* *ʿomrî* *wə-kōl* *maʿăśēh* *bêt*-*ʾaḥʾāb* *wa-ttēlkû* *bə-mōʿăṣôtām* *ləmaʿan* *tittî* *ʾōtəkā* *lə-šammâ* *wə-yōšbêhā* *li-šrēqâ* *wə-ḥerpat* *ʿammî* *tiśśāʾû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yištammēr*": "conjunction + hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it is kept", "*ḥuqqôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes of", "*ʿomrî*": "proper noun - Omri", "*wə-kōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work/deed of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*wa-ttēlkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural consecutive - and you walk", "*bə-mōʿăṣôtām*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their counsels", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that", "*tittî*": "qal infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - my giving", "*ʾōtəkā*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - you", "*lə-šammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to desolation", "*wə-yōšbêhā*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her inhabitants", "*li-šrēqâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to hissing/derision", "*wə-ḥerpat*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and reproach of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*tiśśāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will bear" }, "variants": { "*yištammēr*": "is kept/is observed/is maintained", "*ḥuqqôt*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/practice", "*mōʿăṣôtām*": "their counsels/their plans/their devices", "*šammâ*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*šrēqâ*": "hissing/derision/mockery", "*ḥerpat*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn" } }
  • Zeph 2:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.15", "source": "זֹ֞את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "This the-*ʿîr hāʿallîzâ hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ hāʾōmərâ bilḇāḇāh ʾănî wəʾap̄sî ʿôd ʾêḵ hāyəthâ ləšammâ marbēṣ laḥayyâ kōl ʿôḇēr ʿālêhā yišrōq yānîaʿ yādô*", "grammar": { "*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*hāʿallîzâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the joyous/exultant", "*hayyôšeḇeth*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one sitting/dwelling", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in security/confidence", "*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*wəʾap̄sî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my end/there is none but me", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/horror", "*marbēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - resting place of", "*laḥayyâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the beast", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every/all", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - over her", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*yānîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will shake/wag", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hāʿallîzâ*": "joyous/exultant/jubilant", "*hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ*": "dwelling securely/sitting confidently", "*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/there is none besides me/no one else", "*ləšammâ*": "for desolation/for horror/for waste", "*marbēṣ*": "resting place/lair/den", "*yišrōq*": "hiss/whistle (in derision)", "*yānîaʿ yādô*": "shake his hand/wave his hand (in mockery)" } }