Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Numbers.24.20", "source": "וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֔ק וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רֵאשִׁ֤ית גּוֹיִם֙ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וְאַחֲרִית֖וֹ עֲדֵ֥י אֹבֵֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿămālēq*, and *wayyiśśāʾ* his *məšālô* and *wayyōʾmar*: *rēʾšîṯ* *gôyim* *ʿămālēq*, and his *ʾaḥărîṯô* until *ʾōḇēḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - 'and he saw'", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - 'Amalek'", "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - 'and he took up'", "*məšālô*": "noun ms with 3ms suffix - 'his oracle/proverb'", "*wayyōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - 'and he said'", "*rēʾšîṯ*": "noun fs construct - 'first/beginning of'", "*gôyim*": "noun mp - 'nations'", "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "noun fs with 3ms suffix - 'his end'", "*ʾōḇēḏ*": "qal participle ms - 'perishing/destruction'" }, "variants": { "*rēʾšîṯ*": "first/beginning/chief", "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "his end/his latter state/his posterity", "*ʾōḇēḏ*": "perishing/destruction/perdition" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Så så han Amalek og fremførte sitt orakel: 'Amalek er den første av nasjonene, men til slutt skal han gå under.'

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og da han så Amalek, begynte han å tale sitt ordspråk og sa: Amalek var den første av nasjonene; men hans siste ende skal tilintetgjøres for alltid.

• Norsk King James

  Og når han så på Amalek, tok han opp sitt ordspråk og sa: Amalek var den første av nasjonene; men hans siste ende skal være at han skal gå under for alltid.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da han så på amalekittene, begynte han sin tale og sa: Amalek var først blant nasjonene, men til slutt skal han utslettes fullstendig.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Han så Amalek og tok til orde: «Amalek var den første av folkene, men hans ende skal være undergang.»

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Og når han så på Amalek, begynte han sin tale, og sa: "Amalek var den første blant nasjoner, men til slutt skal han gå evig til grunne."

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Da han så på Amalek, tok han opp sin profeti og sa: «Amalek var det første folkeslag, men hans slutt vil bli at han forgår for evig.»

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Og når han så på Amalek, begynte han sin tale, og sa: "Amalek var den første blant nasjoner, men til slutt skal han gå evig til grunne."

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Han så Amalek og tok til ordet og sa: 'Amalek var den første blant nasjonene, men hans ende vil bli til ødeleggelse.'

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then Balaam saw Amalek and spoke his oracle: 'Amalek was first among the nations, but their end will be utter destruction.'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Da så han Amalek, og han løftet sin røst og sa: «Amalek var det første blant folkene, men hans ende skal være til intet.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og der han saae Amalekiterne, da tog han til sit Sprog og sagde: Amalek er Hedningernes Begyndelse, men det Sidste af ham skal ganske ødelægges.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Da han så på Amalek, tok han opp sin lignelse og sa: «Amalek var den første blant nasjonene, men hans siste dag vil være å gå til grunne for alltid.»

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations, but his latter end shall be that he perish forever.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Han så på Amalek og fremførte sitt ordspråk og sa: «Amalek var den første av nasjonene; men hans ende skal bli til ødeleggelse.»

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Han så Amalek og tok til orde og sa: Amalek var de første av folkene, men til slutt skal han gå til grunne for alltid.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Og han så på Amalek, og tok til å tale, og sa: «Amalek var den første av folkene; men hans ende skal bli til undergang.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Da han vendte blikket mot Amalek, fortsatte han sin profeti og sa: Amalek var den første av folkene, men hans skjebne vil være ødeleggelse for alltid.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And he loked on Amaleck and began his parable and sayed: Amaleck is the first of the nacions but his latter ende shall perysh utterly.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And wha he sawe ye Amalechites, he toke vp his parable, & sayde: Amalec the first amoge the Heithe, but at ye last thou shalt perishe vtterly.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And when he looked on Amalek, he vttered his parable, and sayd, Amalek was the first of the nations: but his latter ende shal come to destruction.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And when he loked on Amaleck, he toke vp his parable, and said: Amaleck is the first of the nations, but his latter ende shall perishe vtterly.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek [was] the first of the nations; but his latter end [shall be] that he perish for ever.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He looked at Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; But his latter end shall come to destruction.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And he seeth Amalek, and taketh up his simile, and saith: `A beginning of the Goyim `is' Amalek; And his latter end -- for ever he perisheth.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he looked on Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; But his latter end shall come to destruction.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then, turning his eyes to Amalek, he went on with his story and said, Amalek was the first of the nations, but his part will be destruction for ever.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He looked at Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, "Amalek was the first of the nations, But his latter end shall come to destruction."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Balaam’s Final Prophecies Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle:“Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.”

Referenced Verses

• Exod 17:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כְּתֹ֨ב זֹ֤את זִכָּרוֹן֙ בַּסֵּ֔פֶר וְשִׂ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּֽי־מָחֹ֤ה אֶמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*mōsheh* *kətōb* this *zikkārôn* in-the-*sēper* and-*wəśîm* in-*ʾoznê* *yəhôshûaʿ* that-*māḥōh* *ʾemḥeh* *ʾet*-*zēker* *ʿămālēq* from-under the-*shāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kətōb*": "qal imperative masculine singular - write", "*zikkārôn*": "masculine singular noun - memorial/remembrance", "*sēper*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the book/scroll", "*wəśîm*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperative masculine singular - and put/place", "*ʾoznê*": "feminine dual construct - ears of", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*māḥōh*": "qal infinitive absolute - utterly", "*ʾemḥeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will blot out/erase", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zēker*": "masculine singular construct - memory/remembrance of", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens/sky" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*kətōb*": "write/record/inscribe", "*zikkārôn*": "memorial/remembrance/record", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*wəśîm*": "put/place/set", "*ʾoznê*": "ears/hearing", "*māḥōh* *ʾemḥeh*": "utterly blot out/completely erase/totally destroy", "*zēker*": "memory/remembrance/mention", "*shāmāyim*": "heavens/sky" } }
• Exod 17:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.16", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־יָד֙ עַל־כֵּ֣ס יָ֔הּ מִלְחָמָ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה בַּֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק מִדֹּ֖ר דֹּֽר׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* because-*yād* upon-*kēs* *YH* *milḥāmāh* to-*YHWH* against-*ʿămālēq* from-*dōr* *dōr*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*yād*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*kēs*": "masculine singular noun - throne", "*YH*": "proper noun - short form of YHWH", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*dōr*": "masculine singular noun - generation" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/declared", "*yād*": "hand/power/strength", "*kēs*": "throne/seat of authority", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*dōr* *dōr*": "generation to generation/forever/perpetually" } }
• Judg 6:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Judges.6.3", "source": "וְהָיָ֖ה אִם־זָרַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעָלָ֨ה מִדְיָ֧ן וֽ͏ַעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם וְעָל֥וּ עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* if *zāraʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wə-ʿālâ* *midyān* *wa-ʿămālēq* and *bənê-qedem* and *wə-ʿālû* *ʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened/was", "*zāraʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - sowed/planted", "*wə-ʿālâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and came up/ascended", "*wa-ʿămālēq*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Amalek", "*bənê-qedem*": "construct noun phrase - sons/people of the east", "*wə-ʿālû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they came up/ascended", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him/it" }, "variants": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/whenever", "*zāraʿ*": "sowed/planted/seeded", "*ʿālâ*": "came up/ascended/attacked/invaded" } }
• 1 Sam 14:48 : 48 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.48", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ חַ֔יִל וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד שֹׁסֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And-he-did *wayyaʿaś* *ḥayil* and-he-struck *wayyak* *ʾet*-*ʿămālēq* and-he-delivered *wayyaṣṣēl* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* from-hand-of *miyyad* one-plundering-him *šōsēhû*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he did/made", "*ḥayil*": "common noun, masculine singular - might, valor, army, force", "*wayyak*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he struck/smote", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*wayyaṣṣēl*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he delivered/rescued", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*miyyad*": "preposition + common noun construct - from hand of", "*šōsēhû*": "qal participle masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - one plundering him" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿaś ḥayil*": "he performed valiantly/he gathered an army/he accomplished might/he acted powerfully", "*šōsēhû*": "one plundering him/one spoiling him/one pillaging him/his plunderer" } }
• 1 Sam 15:3-8 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.3", "source": "עַתָּה֩ לֵ֨ךְ וְהִכִּֽיתָ֜ה אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֗ק וְהַֽחֲרַמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ל עָלָ֑יו וְהֵמַתָּ֞ה מֵאִ֣ישׁ עַד־אִשָּׁ֗ה מֵֽעֹלֵל֙ וְעַד־יוֹנֵ֔ק מִשּׁ֣וֹר וְעַד־שֶׂ֔ה מִגָּמָ֖ל וְעַד־חֲמֽוֹר׃ ס", "text": "Now *ʿattâ* *lēk* and *wəhikkîṯâ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿămālēq* and *wəhaḥăramtem* *ʾeṯ*-all-*ʾăšer*-to *lô* and not *lōʾ* *ṯaḥmōl* upon *ʿālāyw*; and *wəhēmattâ* from *mēʾîš* until *ʿaḏ*-*ʾiššâ*, from *mēʿōlēl* until *ʿaḏ*-*yônēq*, from *miššôr* until *ʿaḏ*-*śeh*, from *miggāmāl* until *ʿaḏ*-*ḥămôr*.", "grammar": { "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*lēk*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*wəhikkîṯâ*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall strike", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*wəhaḥăramtem*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to/for him", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaḥmōl*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall spare", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*wəhēmattâ*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall kill", "*mēʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from man", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*mēʿōlēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from infant", "*yônēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - suckling/nursing", "*miššôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from ox", "*śeh*": "noun, common singular - sheep/lamb", "*miggāmāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from camel", "*ḥămôr*": "noun, masculine singular - donkey" }, "variants": { "*lēk*": "go/walk/proceed", "*wəhikkîṯâ*": "and you shall strike/attack/defeat", "*wəhaḥăramtem*": "and you shall utterly destroy/devote to destruction/place under ban", "*ṯaḥmōl*": "spare/have compassion on", "*wəhēmattâ*": "and you shall kill/put to death", "*ʿōlēl*": "infant/child", "*yônēq*": "suckling/nursing infant" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.4", "source": "וַיְשַׁמַּ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּפְקְדֵם֙ בַּטְּלָאִ֔ים מָאתַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִ֑י וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אֶת־אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyəšammaʿ* *šāʾûl* *ʾeṯ*-the *hāʿām* and *wayyip̄qəḏēm* in the *baṭṭəlāʾîm* two hundred *māʾṯayim* thousand *ʾelep̄* foot-soldiers *raḡlî*; and ten *waʿăśereṯ* thousands *ʾălāp̄îm* *ʾeṯ*-men *ʾîš* of *yəhûḏâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyəšammaʿ*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he summoned/gathered", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wayyip̄qəḏēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he mustered/numbered them", "*baṭṭəlāʾîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in Telaim/with lambs", "*māʾṯayim*": "numeral, dual - two hundred", "*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand", "*raḡlî*": "adjective, masculine singular - foot soldiers", "*waʿăśereṯ*": "waw conjunction + numeral, feminine construct - and ten of", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of", "*yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*wayyəšammaʿ*": "and he summoned/gathered/called together", "*wayyip̄qəḏēm*": "and he mustered/numbered/counted them", "*baṭṭəlāʾîm*": "in Telaim (place name)/with lambs (as counting tokens)" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.5", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל עַד־עִ֣יר עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיָּ֖רֶב בַּנָּֽחַל׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾ* *šāʾûl* until *ʿaḏ*-city *ʿîr* of *ʿămālēq*; and *wayyāreḇ* in the *bannāḥal*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until/to", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular construct - city of", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*wayyāreḇ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he lay in wait/set an ambush", "*bannāḥal*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the valley/wadi" }, "variants": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "and he came/arrived at", "*wayyāreḇ*": "and he lay in wait/set an ambush/contended/fought", "*bannāḥal*": "in the valley/wadi/stream" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֣וּל אֶֽל־הַקֵּינִ֡י לְכוּ֩ סֻּ֨רוּ רְד֜וּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עֲמָלֵקִ֗י פֶּן־אֹֽסִפְךָ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֞ה עָשִׂ֤יתָה חֶ֙סֶד֙ עִם־כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּעֲלוֹתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֥סַר קֵינִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ עֲמָלֵֽק׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to the *ʾel*-*haqqênî*, Go *ləḵû* depart *sūrû* go-down *rəḏû* from midst of *mittôḵ* *ʿămālēqî*, lest *pen*-I gather you *ʾōsip̄ḵā* with him *ʿimmô*, and you *wəʾattâ* did *ʿāśîṯâ* *ḥeseḏ* with all sons of *ʿim*-all-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* in their going up *baʿălôṯām* from *mimmiṣrāyim*; and *wayyāsar* *qênî* from midst of *mittôḵ* *ʿămālēq*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*haqqênî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Kenites", "*ləḵû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - go", "*sūrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - depart/turn aside", "*rəḏû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - go down", "*mittôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿămālēqî*": "proper adjective, masculine singular - Amalekite", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*ʾōsip̄ḵā*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I gather/destroy you", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wəʾattâ*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*ʿāśîṯâ*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did/made", "*ḥeseḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - kindness/loyalty", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*baʿălôṯām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going up", "*mimmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*wayyāsar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he/it turned aside", "*qênî*": "proper noun - Kenite", "*mittôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek" }, "variants": { "*sūrû*": "depart/turn aside/leave", "*rəḏû*": "go down/descend", "*ʾōsip̄ḵā*": "I gather/collect/destroy you", "*ḥeseḏ*": "kindness/loyalty/faithfulness/covenant faithfulness", "*wayyāsar*": "and he/it turned aside/departed" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.7", "source": "וַיַּ֥ךְ שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק מֵֽחֲוִילָה֙ בּוֹאֲךָ֣ שׁ֔וּר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayyaḵ* *šāʾûl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿămālēq* from *mēḥăwîlâ* as you come *bôʾăḵā* *šûr* which *ʾăšer* upon *ʿal*-face of *pənê* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḵ*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck/defeated", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*mēḥăwîlâ*": "preposition + proper noun - from Havilah", "*bôʾăḵā*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - as you come/your entering", "*šûr*": "proper noun - Shur", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḵ*": "and he struck/defeated/attacked", "*bôʾăḵā*": "as you come/your entering/until you come to", "*pənê*": "face of/before/east of" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.8", "source": "וַיִּתְפֹּ֛שׂ אֶת־אֲגַ֥ג מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲמָלֵ֖ק חָ֑י וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הֶחֱרִ֥ים לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *wayyiṯpōś* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾăḡaḡ* king *meleḵ*-of *ʿămālēq* alive *ḥāy*; and *wəʾeṯ*-all-the *kol*-*hāʿām* he devoted to destruction *heḥĕrîm* to mouth of *ləp̄î*-*ḥāreḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiṯpōś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he captured/seized", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăḡaḡ*": "proper noun - Agag", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*ḥāy*": "adjective, masculine singular - alive/living", "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*heḥĕrîm*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he devoted to destruction/completely destroyed", "*ləp̄î*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - by/with mouth of", "*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṯpōś*": "and he captured/seized/took prisoner", "*ḥāy*": "alive/living", "*heḥĕrîm*": "he devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/placed under ban", "*ləp̄î*-*ḥāreḇ*": "by/with the edge of the sword/by the mouth of the sword" } }
• 1 Sam 27:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.27.8", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וֽ͏ַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י *והגרזי **וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *Dāwid* and men of him, and *wayyipšəṭû* to-the-*gəšûrî* and-the-*gizrî* and-the-*ʿămālēqî*; for *hēnnāh* *yōšḇôṯ* the-*ʾāreṣ* which from-*ʿôlām*, *bôʾăḵā* *šûrāh* and until-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went up", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyipšəṭû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they raided", "*gəšûrî*": "gentilic adjective - Geshurites", "*gizrî*": "gentilic adjective - Gezrites (qeri reading)", "*girzî*": "gentilic adjective - Girzites (ketiv reading)", "*ʿămālēqî*": "gentilic adjective - Amalekites", "*hēnnāh*": "3fp pronoun - they", "*yōšḇôṯ*": "qal participle fp - dwelling", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun fs - land", "*ʿôlām*": "noun ms - ancient times/long ago", "*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2ms suffix - as you come to", "*šûrāh*": "proper noun - Shur", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun fs construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyipšəṭû*": "raided/made a raid/spread out against", "*ʿôlām*": "ancient times/long duration/antiquity", "*bôʾăḵā*": "as you come to/in the direction of/on your way to" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.27.9", "source": "וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָכִֽישׁ", "text": "And *wəhikkāh* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* and not *yəḥayyeh* *ʾîš* and *ʾiššāh*; and *wəlāqaḥ* *ṣōʾn* and *bāqār* and *ḥămōrîm* and *gəmallîm* and *bəgādîm*, and *wayyāšāḇ* and *wayyāḇōʾ* to-*ʾāḵîš*.", "grammar": { "*wəhikkāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect 3ms - and he struck", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun fs - land", "*yəḥayyeh*": "piel imperfect 3ms - he kept alive", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms - man", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun fs - woman", "*wəlāqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and he took", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun common - sheep/flock", "*bāqār*": "noun common - cattle", "*ḥămōrîm*": "noun mp - donkeys", "*gəmallîm*": "noun mp - camels", "*bəgādîm*": "noun mp - garments/clothing", "*wayyāšāḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he returned", "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came" }, "variants": { "*wəhikkāh*": "struck/attacked/defeated", "*yəḥayyeh*": "kept alive/spared/let live" } }
• 1 Sam 30:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.30.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּבֹ֨א דָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו צִֽקְלַ֖ג בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣י פָֽשְׁט֗וּ אֶל־נֶ֙גֶב֙ וְאֶל־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *bəḇōʾ* *dāwiḏ* and *ʾănāšāʾyw* to *ṣīqəlaḡ* in the day the third, and *ʿămālēqî* had *pāśəṭû* against *neḡeḇ* and against *ṣīqəlaḡ*, and they *wayyakkû* *ṣīqəlaḡ* and they *wayyiśrəp̄û* it in the *bāʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*bəḇōʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - in/when coming/arriving", "*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾănāšāʾyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men", "*ṣīqəlaḡ*": "proper noun - Ziklag", "*ʿămālēqî*": "noun masculine plural - Amalekites", "*pāśəṭû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - had raided/invaded", "*neḡeḇ*": "noun masculine singular - Negev/south country", "*wayyakkû*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd common plural - and they struck/attacked", "*wayyiśrəp̄û*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they burned", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the fire" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/it came to pass/it was", "*pāśəṭû*": "raided/invaded/spread out", "*neḡeḇ*": "south/southern region/Negev", "*wayyakkû*": "struck/attacked/defeated/destroyed" } }
• 1 Sam 30:17 : 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.30.17", "source": "וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ", "text": "And *wayyakkēm* *dāwiḏ* from the *mēhanneep̄* and until-the *wəʿaḏ-hāʿereḇ* of their *ləmāḥŏrāṯām*; and not-*wəlōʾ*-*nimlaṭ* from them a man except *kî ʾim*-four *ʾarbaʿ* hundred *mēʾôṯ* man-*ʾîš*-*naʿar* who-*ʾăšer*-*rāḵəḇû* upon-the *ʿal-haggəmallîm* and they *wayyānusû*", "grammar": { "*wayyakkēm*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he struck them", "*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*mēhanneep̄*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the twilight/evening", "*wəʿaḏ*": "conjunction + preposition - and until", "*hāʿereḇ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the evening", "*ləmāḥŏrāṯām*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for their next day", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*nimlaṭ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - escaped", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - except", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "cardinal number - four", "*mēʾôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - hundred of", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular construct - men of", "*naʿar*": "noun masculine singular - young men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*rāḵəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they rode", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*haggəmallîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the camels", "*wayyānusû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they fled" }, "variants": { "*wayyakkēm*": "struck them/attacked them/defeated them", "*mēhanneep̄*": "from twilight/from dusk", "*hāʿereḇ ləmāḥŏrāṯām*": "evening of the next day/evening of the following day", "*nimlaṭ*": "escaped/survived/got away", "*naʿar*": "young men/youths/servants", "*rāḵəḇû*": "rode/mounted", "*wayyānusû*": "fled/ran away/escaped" } }
• 1 Chr 4:43 : 43 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.4.43", "source": "וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַפְּלֵטָ֖ה לַעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wayyakkû* *ʾet*-*šᵊʾērît* *happᵊlēṭāh* *laʿămālēq* *wayyēšᵊbû* *šām* *ʿad* *hayyôm* *hazzeh*", "grammar": { "*wayyakkû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3mp with waw-consecutive - and they struck", "*ʾet*-*šᵊʾērît*": "direct object marker + construct singular - the remnant of", "*happᵊlēṭāh*": "definite article + noun - the escaped", "*laʿămālēq*": "preposition + proper name - of Amalek", "*wayyēšᵊbû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp with waw-consecutive - and they dwelt", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative - this" }, "variants": { "*šᵊʾērît* *happᵊlēṭāh*": "remnant of the escapees/surviving remnant" } }
• Esth 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Esther.3.1", "source": "אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "After *hadəḇārîm* the-these *giddal* the-*melek* *ʾaḥašwērôš* ʾet-*hāmān* *ben*-*hammədāṯāʾ* the-*ʾăḡāḡî* *wayənasśēʾēhû* and-*yayyāśem* ʾet-*kisəʾô* from-above all-the-*śārîm* who with-him.", "grammar": { "*hadəḇārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the things/matters/events", "*giddal*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - magnified/promoted", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾaḥašwērôš*": "proper name - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*hammədāṯāʾ*": "proper name with definite article - Hammedatha", "*ʾăḡāḡî*": "gentilic adjective - Agagite", "*wayənasśēʾēhû*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he exalted him", "*yayyāśem*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed/set", "*kisəʾô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne/seat", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - officials/princes" }, "variants": { "*hadəḇārîm*": "words/matters/events/affairs", "*giddal*": "promoted/magnified/made great", "*ʾăḡāḡî*": "Agagite (descendant of Agag/title of Amalekite kings)", "*wayənasśēʾēhû*": "elevated him/exalted him/lifted him up", "*kisəʾô*": "his throne/seat/position of authority" } }
• Esth 7:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Esther.7.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חַ֠רְבוֹנָה אֶחָ֨ד מִן־הַסָּרִיסִ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ גַּ֣ם הִנֵּה־הָעֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֪ה הָמָ֟ן לְֽמָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹמֵד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָמָ֔ן גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ תְּלֻ֥הוּ עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ḥarbônâ* one from the *sārîsîm* before the *melek*, \"Also behold the *ʿēṣ* which *ʿāśâ* *hāmān* for *mordŏkay* who *dibber*-*ṭôḇ* on the *melek* *ʿōmēd* in *bêt* *hāmān* *gāḇōha* fifty *ʾammâ*.\" And *wayyōʾmer* the *melek*, \"*tᵊluhû* on it.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ḥarbônâ*": "proper noun - Harbona", "*sārîsîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wooden structure/gallows/tree", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - made/prepared", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*mordŏkay*": "proper noun - Mordecai", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿōmēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - standing", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*gāḇōha*": "adjective, masculine singular - high/tall", "*ʾammâ*": "noun, feminine singular - cubit", "*tᵊluhû*": "qal imperative masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - hang him" }, "variants": { "*sārîsîm*": "eunuchs/court officials/officers", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/gallows/wooden structure", "*dibber*-*ṭôḇ*": "spoke good/reported favorably/gave good information", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned/located", "*gāḇōha*": "high/tall/lofty" } } 10 { "verseID": "Esther.7.10", "source": "וַיִּתְלוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֣ין לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַחֲמַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה׃", "text": "And *wayyitlû* *ʾet*-*hāmān* on the *ʿēṣ* which *hēkîn* for *mordŏkāy*. And *ḥămat* the *melek* *šākākâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyitlû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they hanged", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the gallows/tree", "*hēkîn*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had prepared", "*mordŏkāy*": "proper noun - Mordecai", "*ḥămat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wrath of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*šākākâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - subsided/abated" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣ*": "gallows/tree/wooden structure", "*hēkîn*": "prepared/made ready/set up", "*šākākâ*": "subsided/abated/was pacified" } }
• Esth 9:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Esther.9.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהֵֽעָשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן וַתִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּשׁוּשָׁ֑ן וְאֵ֛ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן תָּלֽוּ", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer hammelek* [said the-king] *ləhēʿāśôt* [to-be-done] so, and-*wattinnātēn dāt* [was-given decree] in-*šûšān* [Susa], and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʿăśeret bənê*-*hāmān* [ten sons-of-Haman] *tālû* [they-hanged]", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + vav consecutive - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ləhēʿāśôt*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to be done", "*wattinnātēn*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + vav consecutive - and was given", "*dāt*": "feminine singular noun - decree/law", "*šûšān*": "proper noun - Susa", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number construct - ten of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*tālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they hanged" }, "variants": { "*ləhēʿāśôt*": "to be done/to be carried out", "*wattinnātēn dāt*": "was given decree/a decree was issued/law was proclaimed", "*tālû*": "they hanged/they impaled/they displayed on stakes" } }
• Exod 17:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.8", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֖א עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּרְפִידִֽם׃", "text": "And *wa-yābōʾ* *ʿămālēq* and-*wa-yillāḥem* with-*yiśrāʾēl* in-*rəpîdîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it came", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*wa-yillāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he fought", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*rəpîdîm*": "proper noun - Rephidim" }, "variants": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*wa-yillāḥem*": "fought/battled/waged war" } }