1{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.1",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּ֕מָת מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ חָנ֥וּן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* *ʾaḥărê-kēn* and *wayyāmāt* *melek* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyimlōk* *ḥānûn* *bənô* *taḥtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass",
"*ʾaḥărê-kēn*": "preposition with demonstrative - after this/afterward",
"*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he died",
"*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon",
"*wayyimlōk*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he reigned/became king",
"*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun",
"*bənô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his son",
"*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - in his place/instead of him"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/happened",
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of/people of"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.2",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed* with-*ḥānûn* *ben-nāḥāš* as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ʾābîw* with me *ḥesed* and *wayyišlaḥ* *dāwid* to-*nəḥămô* by-*yad-ʿăbādāyw* to-*ʾābîw* and *wayyābōʾû* *ʿabdê* *dāwid* *ʾereṣ* *bənê* *ʿammôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper name - David",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed*": "qal imperfect 1cs with direct object - I will show kindness",
"*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun",
"*ben-nāḥāš*": "construct phrase - son of Nahash",
"*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - as, just as",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/showed",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father",
"*ʿimmādî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - with me",
"*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun - kindness/loyalty/favor",
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent",
"*nəḥămô*": "piel infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - to comfort him",
"*yad-ʿăbādāyw*": "construct phrase with 3ms suffix - by the hand of his servants",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came/entered",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥesed*": "kindness/loyalty/favor/covenant faithfulness",
"*nəḥămô*": "to comfort him/to console him"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.3",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* *śārê* *bənê-ʿammôn* to-*ḥānûn* *ʾădōnêhem* ?*haməkabbēd* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʾābîkā* in-*ʿênêkā* because-*kî-šālaḥ* to-you *mənaḥămîm* ?*hălôʾ* for-*baʿăbûr* *ḥăqôr* *ʾet-hāʿîr* and-to-*ləraggəlāh* and-to-*ləhāpkāh* *šālaḥ* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʿăbādāyw* to-you.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they said",
"*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/officials of",
"*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon",
"*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun",
"*ʾădōnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their lord",
"*haməkabbēd*": "interrogative prefix with piel participle ms - Is [David] honoring?",
"*dāwid*": "proper name - David",
"*ʾet-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker with masculine singular noun with 2ms suffix - your father",
"*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2ms suffix - in your eyes/opinion",
"*kî-šālaḥ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3ms - because he sent",
"*mənaḥămîm*": "piel participle mp - comforters",
"*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?",
"*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/in order to",
"*ḥăqôr*": "qal infinitive absolute - to search/investigate",
"*ʾet-hāʿîr*": "direct object marker with definite article and feminine singular noun - the city",
"*ləraggəlāh*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to spy it out",
"*ləhāpkāh*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to overthrow it",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he sent",
"*ʾet-ʿăbādāyw*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix - his servants",
"*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*haməkabbēd*": "Is [David] honoring?/Is [David] showing respect?",
"*ḥăqôr*": "to search/to investigate/to explore",
"*ləraggəlāh*": "to spy it out/to scout it",
"*ləhāpkāh*": "to overthrow it/to overturn it/to destroy it"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.4",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *ḥānûn* *ʾet-ʿabdê* *dāwid* and *wayəgallaḥ* *ʾet-ḥăṣî* *zəqānām* and *wayyikrōt* *ʾet-madwêhem* in-the-*baḥēṣî* until *ʿad* *šətôtêhem* and *wayšalləḥēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he took/seized",
"*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun",
"*ʾet-ʿabdê*": "direct object marker with masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*dāwid*": "proper name - David",
"*wayəgallaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms - and he shaved",
"*ʾet-ḥăṣî*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - half of",
"*zəqānām*": "masculine singular noun with 3mp suffix - their beard",
"*wayyikrōt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he cut off",
"*ʾet-madwêhem*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their garments",
"*baḥēṣî*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular - in the middle",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/as far as",
"*šətôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their buttocks",
"*wayšalləḥēm*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms with 3mp suffix - and he sent them away"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəgallaḥ*": "and he shaved/and he cut off",
"*madwêhem*": "their garments/their clothes",
"*šətôtêhem*": "their buttocks/their sitting parts"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.5",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַד־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyaggîdû* to-*dāwid* and *wayyišlaḥ* to-*liqrāʾtām* for-*kî-hāyû* the-*hāʾănāšîm* *niklāmîm* very and *wayyōʾmer* the-*hammelek* stay *šəbû* in-*bîrēḥô* until-*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ* *zəqankkem* and *wəšabtem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaggîdû*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they told/reported",
"*dāwid*": "proper name - David",
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent",
"*liqrāʾtām*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3mp suffix - to meet them",
"*kî-hāyû*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3mp - because they were",
"*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the men",
"*niklāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - being humiliated/ashamed",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*hammelek*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the king",
"*šəbû*": "qal imperative mp - stay/remain",
"*bîrēḥô*": "preposition with proper name - in Jericho",
"*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ*": "preposition with qal imperfect 3ms - until it grows",
"*zəqankkem*": "masculine singular noun with 2mp suffix - your beard",
"*wəšabtem*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect 2mp - and [then] you shall return"
},
"variants": {
"*niklāmîm*": "humiliated/ashamed/embarrassed",
"*yəṣammaḥ*": "grows/sprouts"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.10.6",
"source": "וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ בְּדָוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֡וֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ אֶת־אֲרַ֨ם בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַ֣ם צוֹבָ֗א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה֙ אֶ֣לֶף אִ֔ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ ט֔וֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃",
"text": "And *wayyirʾû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* that *kî* *nibʾăšû* against-*bədāwid* and *wayyišləḥû* *bənê-ʿammôn* and *wayyiśkərû* *ʾet-ʾăram* *bêt-rəḥôb* and *ʾet-ʾăram* *ṣôbāʾ* twenty *ʿeśrîm* thousand *ʾelep* *raglî* and *ʾet-melek* *maʿăkāh* one thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš* and *ʾîš* *ṭôb* twelve *šənêm-ʿāśār* thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they saw",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*nibʾăšû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they made themselves odious/offensive",
"*bədāwid*": "preposition with proper name - against David",
"*wayyišləḥû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they sent",
"*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon",
"*wayyiśkərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they hired",
"*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram",
"*bêt-rəḥôb*": "construct phrase - Beth-rehob",
"*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram",
"*ṣôbāʾ*": "proper name - Zobah",
"*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty",
"*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand",
"*raglî*": "masculine singular adjective - foot soldiers",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - king of",
"*maʿăkāh*": "proper name - Maacah",
"*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men of",
"*ṭôb*": "proper name - Tob",
"*šənêm-ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - twelve",
"*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men"
},
"variants": {
"*nibʾăšû*": "they made themselves odious/they became a stench/they became offensive",
"*raglî*": "foot soldiers/infantry"
}
}