1 Chronicles 20:3

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Chronicles.20.3", "source": "וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֨שַׂר בַּמְּגֵרָ֜ה וּבַחֲרִיצֵ֤י הַבַּרְזֶל֙ וּבַמְּגֵר֔וֹת וְכֵן֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָוִ֔יד לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛יד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ פ", "text": "And *ʾet*-the-*ʿām* *ʾăšer*-in-her *hôṣîʾ* and *wayyāśar* with-the-*məgērâ* and-with-*ḥărîṣê* the-*barzel* and-with-the-*məgērôt*, and-thus *yaʿăśeh* *dāwîd* to-all *ʿārê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn*. And *wayyāšāḇ* *dāwîd* and-all-the-*ʿām* *yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*hôṣîʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought out", "*wayyāśar*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cut/sawed", "*məgērâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the saw", "*ḥărîṣê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - implements/sharp tools of", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the iron", "*məgērôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the saws", "*yaʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/would do", "*dāwîd*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿārê*": "construct noun, feminine plural - cities of", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wayyāšāḇ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hôṣîʾ*": "he brought out/removed/expelled", "*wayyāśar*": "and he cut/put to work with/made labor with/sawed", "*məgērâ*": "saw/cutting implement", "*ḥărîṣê*": "sharp instruments/harrows/threshing implements of", "*məgērôt*": "saws/cutting implements", "*yaʿăśeh*": "he did/would do/made", "*wayyāšāḇ*": "and he returned/came back/restored" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֨שַׂר בַּמְּגֵרָ֜ה וּבַחֲרִיצֵ֤י הַבַּרְזֶל֙ וּבַמְּגֵר֔וֹת וְכֵן֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָוִ֔יד לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛יד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ פ

Transliteration

And ʾet-the-ʿām ʾăšer-in-her hôṣîʾ and wayyāśar with-the-məgērâ and-with-ḥărîṣê the-barzel and-with-the-məgērôt, and-thus yaʿăśeh dāwîd to-all ʿārê bənê-ʿammôn. And wayyāšāḇ dāwîd and-all-the-ʿām yərûšālāim.

Grammar Details

• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *ʿām*: noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - who/which
• *hôṣîʾ*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought out
• *wayyāśar*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cut/sawed
• *məgērâ*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the saw
• *ḥărîṣê*: construct noun, masculine plural - implements/sharp tools of
• *barzel*: noun, masculine singular with definite article - the iron
• *məgērôt*: noun, feminine plural with definite article - the saws
• *yaʿăśeh*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/would do
• *dāwîd*: proper noun - David
• *ʿārê*: construct noun, feminine plural - cities of
• *bənê*: construct noun, masculine plural - sons of
• *ʿammôn*: proper noun - Ammon
• *wayyāšāḇ*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned
• *yərûšālāim*: proper noun - Jerusalem

Word Meanings

• *hôṣîʾ*: he brought out/removed/expelled
• *wayyāśar*: and he cut/put to work with/made labor with/sawed
• *məgērâ*: saw/cutting implement
• *ḥărîṣê*: sharp instruments/harrows/threshing implements of
• *məgērôt*: saws/cutting implements
• *yaʿăśeh*: he did/would do/made
• *wayyāšāḇ*: and he returned/came back/restored

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He brought out the people who were there and put them to work with saws, iron tools, and axes. David did this to all the cities of the Ammonites. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  He brought out the people who were in it and cut them with saws, with harrows of iron, and with axes. So David dealt with all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he brought forth the people that were therein, and cut [them] with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. And thus did David unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  As for the people that were therin, he broughte the forth, & parted them in sunder wt sawes, & hokes & betels of yron. Thus dyd Dauid vnto all ye cities of the childre of Ammon. And Dauid departed againe, with the people vnto Ierusalem.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he caryed away the people that were in it, and cut them with sawes, and with harowes of yron, and with axes: euen thus did Dauid with all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then Dauid and all the people came againe to Ierusalem.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he brought out the people that were in it, and tormented them with sawes and harrowes of iron, and with other sharpe instrumentes, and so dealt Dauid with all the cities of the children of Ammon: And Dauid and all the people came againe to Hierusalem.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he brought out the people that [were] in it, and cut [them] with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He brought forth the people who were therein, and cut [them] with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Thus did David to all the cities of the children of Ammon. David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the people who `are' in it he hath brought out, and setteth to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes; and thus doth David to all cities of the sons of Ammon, and David turneth back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he brought forth the people that were therein, and cut `them' with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. And thus did David unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he brought forth the people that were therein, and cut [them] with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. And thus did David unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he took the people out of the town and put them to work with wood-cutting instruments, and iron grain-crushers, and axes. And this he did to all the towns of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people went back to Jerusalem.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He brought forth the people who were therein, and cut [them] with saws, and with iron picks, and with axes. David did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He removed the city’s residents and made them labor with saws, iron picks, and axes. This was his policy with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.1.14", "source": "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *way-mārərû* *ʾet*-*ḥayyêhem* in *ʿăḇōdâ* *qāšâ* with *ḥōmer* and with *ləḇēnîm* and with all *ʿăḇōdâ* in the *śādeh* *ʾēt* all *ʿăḇōdātām* which *ʿāḇədû* with them with *pāreḵ*", "grammar": { "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made bitter'", "אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their lives'", "בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'with labor'", "*qāšâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'hard'", "בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with mortar'", "וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine plural - 'and with bricks'", "וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'and with all labor'", "בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the field'", "אֵ֚ת": "direct object marker", "כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם": "construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'all their labor'", "אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'which they worked'", "בָהֶ֖ם": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with them'", "בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'" }, "variants": { "*way-mārərû*": "they made bitter, embittered", "*ḥayyêhem*": "their lives, their existence", "*ʿăḇōdâ*": "labor, service, work, servitude", "*qāšâ*": "hard, harsh, severe, cruel", "*ḥōmer*": "mortar, clay, cement", "*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks", "*śādeh*": "field, country, open land", "*ʿăḇōdātām*": "their service, their labor, their work", "*ʿāḇədû*": "they worked, served, labored", "*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, cruelty" } }
• Josh 9:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Joshua.9.23", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה אֲרוּרִ֣ים אַתֶּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת מִכֶּ֜ם עֶ֗בֶד וְחֹטְבֵ֥י עֵצִ֛ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֖יִם לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽי", "text": "And-now *ʾărûrîm* you and-not-*yikkārēṯ* from-you *ʿeḇeḏ* and-*ḥōṭəḇê* *ʿēṣîm* and-*šōʾăḇê*-*mayim* for-*bêṯ* *ʾĕlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾărûrîm*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural - cursed", "*yikkārēṯ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be cut off", "*ʿeḇeḏ*": "masculine singular - servant/slave", "*ḥōṭəḇê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - cutters of", "*ʿēṣîm*": "masculine plural - wood/trees", "*šōʾăḇê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - drawers of", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - water", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*ʾărûrîm*": "cursed/under a curse", "*yikkārēṯ*": "will be cut off/will cease", "*ʿeḇeḏ*": "servant/slave/bondman", "*ḥōṭəḇê* *ʿēṣîm*": "woodcutters/hewers of wood", "*šōʾăḇê*-*mayim*": "drawers of water/water carriers", "*bêṯ* *ʾĕlōhāy*": "house of my God/my God's house/sanctuary" } }
• Judg 8:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.8.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שָׂרֵ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת הֲ֠כַף זֶ֧בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֛ע עַתָּ֖ה בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־נִתֵּ֥ן לִֽצְבָאֲךָ֖ לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer śārê sukkôṯ hăḵap̄ zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ* now in-hand-of-you that-*nittēn lə-ṣəḇāʾăḵā lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/chiefs of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*hăḵap̄*": "interrogative particle + noun, masculine singular construct - is the palm/hand of", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*nittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we should give", "*lə-ṣəḇāʾăḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your army", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread" }, "variants": { "*śārê*": "princes/chiefs/captains/officials", "*kap̄*": "palm/hand/sole (implying control)", "*ṣəḇāʾăḵā*": "your army/host/troops" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.8.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֔וֹן לָכֵ֗ן בְּתֵ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֖ע בְּיָדִ֑י וְדַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם אֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer giḏʿôn lāḵēn bə-tēṯ YHWH ʾeṯ-zeḇaḥ wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ* in-hand-of-me *wə-ḏaštî ʾeṯ-bəśarḵem ʾeṯ-qôṣê ha-miḏbār wə-ʾeṯ-ha-barqŏnîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*giḏʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*bə-tēṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when gives", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*wə-ḏaštî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - then I will thresh", "*ʾeṯ-bəśarḵem*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your flesh", "*ʾeṯ-qôṣê*": "direct object marker + masculine plural construct - thorns of", "*ha-miḏbār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wilderness", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ha-barqŏnîm*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the briers" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/thus/so", "*ḏaštî*": "I will thresh/tear/trample", "*qôṣê*": "thorns/briars/thistles", "*barqŏnîm*": "briers/thistles/thorny plants" } }
• Judg 8:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Judges.8.16", "source": "וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣דַע בָּהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* [he took] *ʾet*-*ziqnê* [the elders of] *hāʿîr* [the city] and *ʾet*-*qôṣê* [the thorns of] *hammidbār* [the wilderness] and *ʾet*-*habbarqŏnîm* [the briers], and *wayyōdaʿ* [he made known/taught] *bāhem* [with them] *ʾēt* *ʾanšê* [the men of] *sukkôt* [Succoth].", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ziqnê*": "construct plural of *zāqēn* - elders of", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*qôṣê*": "construct plural of *qôṣ* - thorns of", "*hammidbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness", "*habbarqŏnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the briers/thistles", "*wayyōdaʿ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yādaʿ* - and he made known/taught", "*bāhem*": "preposition *bĕ* + 3rd masculine plural pronoun - with them/by them", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*sukkôt*": "proper noun - Succoth" }, "variants": { "*wayyōdaʿ*": "made known/taught/chastised/punished", "*bāhem*": "with them/by them/through them", "*qôṣê*": "thorns/briars/thorn bushes", "*barqŏnîm*": "briers/thistles/thorny plants" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.8.17", "source": "וְאֶת־מִגְדַּ֥ל פְּנוּאֵ֖ל נָתָ֑ץ וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*migdal* [tower of] *pənûʾēl* [Penuel] *nātāṣ* [he broke down], and *wayyahărōg* [he killed] *ʾet*-*ʾanšê* [the men of] *hāʿîr* [the city].", "grammar": { "*migdal*": "construct singular - tower of", "*pənûʾēl*": "proper noun - Penuel", "*nātāṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he broke down/demolished", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hārag* - and he killed", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city" }, "variants": { "*nātāṣ*": "broke down/demolished/pulled down/destroyed", "*migdal*": "tower/stronghold" } }
• 2 Sam 12:31 : 31 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.31", "source": "וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ *במלכן **בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ פ", "text": "And *wə-* *ʾēt*-the-*ʿām* who-in-her he *hôṣîʾ* and-*wə-* he *śîm* with-the-*məgērāh* and-with-*ḥărîṣê* the-*barzel* and-with-*magzərôt* the-*barzel* and-*wə-* he *heʿĕḇîr* them with-the-*malbēn* and-thus he *yaʿăśeh* to-all *ʿārê* *bənê*-*ʿAmmôn* and-*wə-* he *šāḇ* *Dāwid* and-all-the-*ʿām* *Yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and (sequential narrative marker)", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*hôṣîʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought out", "*śîm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - put/placed", "*məgērāh*": "noun, feminine singular - saw", "*ḥărîṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - harrows/threshing sledges of", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron", "*magzərôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - axes/cutting implements of", "*heʿĕḇîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made pass through/transferred", "*malbēn*": "noun, masculine singular - brick kiln/brick mold (textual variant noted in source)", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/would do", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿAmmôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*šāḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - returned", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hôṣîʾ*": "brought out/forced out/led out", "*śîm*": "put/assigned/subjected to", "*məgērāh*": "saw (for cutting)", "*ḥărîṣê*": "harrows/threshing sledges/iron picks", "*magzərôt*": "axes/cutting tools", "*heʿĕḇîr*": "made pass through/transferred/set to work at", "*malbēn*": "brick kiln/brick mold (textual note in original shows variant spelling)", "*yaʿăśeh*": "did/would do/dealt" } }
• 1 Kgs 9:21 : 21 { "verseID": "1 Kings.9.21", "source": "בְּנֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹתְר֤וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָכְל֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהֽ͏ַחֲרִימָ֑ם וַיַּעֲלֵ֤ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַס־עֹבֵ֔ד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Their-*bənêhem* who *nôtərû* after-them in-the-*ʾāreṣ*, whom not-*yākəlû* sons of-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*ləhaḥărîmām*; and *wayyaʿălēm* *šəlōmōh* for-*mas*-*ʿōbēd* until the-*yôm* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*bənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix - their sons", "*nôtərû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they remained", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the land", "*yākəlû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they were able", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ləhaḥărîmām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to destroy them", "*wayyaʿălēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he conscripted them", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*mas*": "noun, masculine singular construct - forced labor of", "*ʿōbēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - serving", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*nôtərû*": "remained/were left/survived", "*yākəlû*": "were able/could manage/succeeded", "*ləhaḥărîmām*": "to destroy them utterly/devote them to destruction", "*wayyaʿălēm*": "and he conscripted them/imposed upon them/put them to", "*mas-ʿōbēd*": "slave labor/forced labor/corvée labor" } }
• 1 Chr 19:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמִּי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד מַלְאָכִ֖ים לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜יד אֶל־אֶ֧רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־חָנ֖וּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer Dāwîd ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed* with-*Ḥānûn ben-Nāḥāš*, because-*ʿāśāh ʾābîw* with-me *ḥesed*, *wə-yišlaḥ Dāwîd malʾākîm* to-comfort-him concerning-*ʾābîw*. *wə-yābōʾû ʿabdê Dāwîd* to-*ʾereṣ bənê-ʿammôn* to-*Ḥānûn* to-comfort-him", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he said", "*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular + noun, masculine singular - I will show/do kindness", "*Ḥānûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hanun", "*ben-Nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Nahash", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/showed", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - kindness/loyalty/covenant faithfulness", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he sent", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers/ambassadors", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they came", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of/children of Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "kindness/loyalty/covenant faithfulness/mercy", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/ambassadors/envoys", "*nḥm*": "to comfort/console/bring comfort" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.3", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן לְחָנ֗וּן הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤יד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַחֲמִ֑ים הֲלֹ֡א בַּ֠עֲבוּר לַחְקֹ֨ר וְלַהֲפֹ֤ךְ וּלְרַגֵּל֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ בָּ֥אוּ עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ", "text": "*wə-yōʾmrû śārê bənê-ʿammôn lə-Ḥānûn*, *ha-məkabbēd Dāwîd ʾet-ʾābîkā* in-*ʿênêkā* because-*šālaḥ lə-kā mənaḥămîm*? *hă-lōʾ ba-ʿăbûr laḥqōr wə-lahăpōk û-ləraggēl hā-ʾāreṣ bāʾû ʿăbādāw ʾēlêkā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they said", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of/children of Ammon", "*lə-Ḥānûn*": "preposition + proper noun - to Hanun", "*ha-məkabbēd*": "definite article + piel participle, masculine singular - the one honoring", "*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your eyes/opinion", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*lə-kā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*mənaḥămîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - comforters", "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not", "*ba-ʿăbûr*": "preposition + preposition - for the purpose of", "*laḥqōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to search/investigate", "*wə-lahăpōk*": "conjunction + qal infinitive construct - and to overthrow", "*û-ləraggēl*": "conjunction + piel infinitive construct - and to spy out", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they came", "*ʿăbādāw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*śārê*": "princes/officials/leaders/commanders", "*məkabbēd*": "honoring/respecting/giving honor to", "*laḥqōr*": "to search/investigate/explore/examine", "*lahăpōk*": "to overthrow/overturn/destroy", "*ləraggēl*": "to spy/scout/explore" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.4", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִיד֙ וַֽיְגַלְּחֵ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַד־הַמִּפְשָׂעָ֑ה וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ Ḥānûn ʾet-ʿabdê Dāwîd wə-yəgallĕḥēm*, *wə-yikrōt ʾet-madwêhem* in-the-half until-*ha-mipśāʿāh*, *wə-yəšallĕḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he took", "*Ḥānûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hanun", "*ʾet-ʿabdê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the servants of", "*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wə-yəgallĕḥēm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shaved them", "*wə-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he cut off", "*ʾet-madwêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments", "*ba-ḥēṣî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the middle/half", "*ʿad-ha-mipśāʿāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - until the buttocks/crotch", "*wə-yəšallĕḥēm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he sent them away" }, "variants": { "*yəgallĕḥēm*": "to shave them/cut off their hair", "*madwêhem*": "their garments/clothes/robes", "*mipśāʿāh*": "buttocks/crotch/genitals" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.5", "source": "וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ וַיַּגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֤יד עַל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם", "text": "*wə-yēlkû wə-yaggîdû lə-Dāwîd* concerning-*hā-ʾănāšîm*, *wə-yišlaḥ* to-meet-them, because-*hāyû hā-ʾănāšîm niklāmîm məʾōd*. *wə-yōʾmer ha-melek*, remain in-*Yərēḥô* until which-*yəṣammaḥ zəqankêm*, *wə-šabtêm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēlkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw-consecutive - and they went", "*wə-yaggîdû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they told", "*lə-Dāwîd*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to David", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he sent", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were", "*niklāmîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - humiliated/ashamed", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he said", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*šəbû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - stay/remain", "*Yərēḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*yəṣammaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it grows", "*zəqankêm*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your beard", "*wə-šabtêm*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will return" }, "variants": { "*niklāmîm*": "humiliated/ashamed/disgraced/embarrassed", "*yəṣammaḥ*": "grows/sprouts/flourishes", "*zəqankêm*": "your beard/facial hair" } }
• Ps 21:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.21.8", "source": "‫כִּֽי־הַ֭מֶּלֶךְ בֹּטֵ֣חַ בַּיהוָ֑ה וּבְחֶ֥סֶד עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט׃‬", "text": "For *hammelek* *bōṭēaḥ* in-*YHWH* and-in-*ḥesed* *ʿelyôn* *bal*-*yimmôṭ*", "grammar": { "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun + conjunction ki - for the king", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "masculine singular Qal participle - trusting", "*YHWH*": "divine name with preposition bet - in Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun with preposition bet + conjunction waw - and in lovingkindness", "*ʿelyôn*": "masculine singular adjective/name - Most High", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmôṭ*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal imperfect - he will be shaken" }, "variants": { "*hammelek*": "the king/ruler/sovereign", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "trusting/relying/having confidence", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/covenant faithfulness", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme", "*yimmôṭ*": "be shaken/be moved/be dislodged" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.21.9", "source": "‫תִּמְצָ֣א יָ֭דְךָ לְכָל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ יְ֝מִֽינְךָ תִּמְצָ֥א שֹׂנְאֶֽיךָ׃‬", "text": "*timṣāʾ* *yādəkā* to-all-*ʾōyəbêkā* *yəmînəkā* *timṣāʾ* *śōnəʾêkā*", "grammar": { "*timṣāʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect - it will find", "*yādəkā*": "feminine singular noun 'hand' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "masculine plural participle 'enemies' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition lamed + noun kol - to all your enemies", "*yəmînəkā*": "feminine singular noun 'right hand' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right hand", "*timṣāʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect - it will find", "*śōnəʾêkā*": "masculine plural Qal participle 'haters' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those who hate you" }, "variants": { "*timṣāʾ*": "find/discover/reach", "*yādəkā*": "your hand/power/strength", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*yəmînəkā*": "your right hand/strength/power", "*śōnəʾêkā*": "those who hate you/your haters/those hostile to you" } }