1 Kings 2:5

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.2.5", "source": "וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו", "text": "And also *ʾattâ* *yādaʿtā* *ʾēt* what *ʿāśâ* to me *yôʾāb* *ben-ṣərûyâ* who *ʿāśâ* to two-*śārê* *ṣibʾôt* *yiśrāʾēl* to *ʾabnēr* *ben-nēr* and to *ʿămāśāʾ* *ben-yeter* and *yaharəgēm* and *yāśem* *dəmê-milḥāmâ* in *šālôm* and *yittēn* *dəmê* *milḥāmâ* in *baḥăgōrātô* which in *bəmātnāyw* and in *bənaʿălô* which in *bəraglāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*yādaʿtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you know", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*ben-ṣərûyâ*": "son of Zeruiah (construct relationship)", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders/captains of", "*ṣibʾôt*": "feminine plural construct - armies/hosts of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*ben-nēr*": "son of Ner (construct relationship)", "*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun - Amasa", "*ben-yeter*": "son of Jether (construct relationship)", "*yaharəgēm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and he killed them", "*yāśem*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he put/placed", "*dəmê-milḥāmâ*": "construct form - blood of war", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet - in peace", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he put/placed", "*dəmê*": "masculine plural construct - blood of", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*baḥăgōrātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his belt", "*bəmātnāyw*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his loins", "*bənaʿălô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his sandal", "*bəraglāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his feet" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿtā*": "know/understand/recognize", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*śārê*": "commanders/captains/chiefs/officers", "*yaharəgēm*": "killed/slew/murdered them", "*yāśem*": "put/placed/set", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/well-being", "*yittēn*": "put/placed/applied" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו

Transliteration

And also ʾattâ yādaʿtā ʾēt what ʿāśâ to me yôʾāb ben-ṣərûyâ who ʿāśâ to two-śārê ṣibʾôt yiśrāʾēl to ʾabnēr ben-nēr and to ʿămāśāʾ ben-yeter and yaharəgēm and yāśem dəmê-milḥāmâ in šālôm and yittēn dəmê milḥāmâ in baḥăgōrātô which in bəmātnāyw and in bənaʿălô which in bəraglāyw

Grammar Details

• *ʾattâ*: 2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you
• *yādaʿtā*: Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you know
• *ʿāśâ*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made
• *yôʾāb*: proper noun - Joab
• *ben-ṣərûyâ*: son of Zeruiah (construct relationship)
• *śārê*: masculine plural construct - commanders/captains of
• *ṣibʾôt*: feminine plural construct - armies/hosts of
• *yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *ʾabnēr*: proper noun - Abner
• *ben-nēr*: son of Ner (construct relationship)
• *ʿămāśāʾ*: proper noun - Amasa
• *ben-yeter*: son of Jether (construct relationship)
• *yaharəgēm*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and he killed them
• *yāśem*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he put/placed
• *dəmê-milḥāmâ*: construct form - blood of war
• *šālôm*: masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet - in peace
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he put/placed
• *dəmê*: masculine plural construct - blood of
• *milḥāmâ*: feminine singular noun - war/battle
• *baḥăgōrātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his belt
• *bəmātnāyw*: masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his loins
• *bənaʿălô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his sandal
• *bəraglāyw*: feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in his feet

Word Meanings

• *yādaʿtā*: know/understand/recognize
• *ʿāśâ*: did/made/performed/accomplished
• *śārê*: commanders/captains/chiefs/officers
• *yaharəgēm*: killed/slew/murdered them
• *yāśem*: put/placed/set
• *šālôm*: peace/safety/well-being
• *yittēn*: put/placed/applied

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Moreover, you know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me—how he killed the two commanders of Israel's armies, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. He shed their blood as if in war during a time of peace, staining his belt and sandals with the blood.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Moreover, you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his belt that was about his loins, and in his shoes on his feet.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thou knowest well also what Ioab the sonne of Zeru Ia hath done vnto me, what he dyd vnto the two chefe captaynes of Israel, Abner the sonne of Ner, and Amasa the sonne of Iether, whom he slewe and shed the bloude of warre wha it was peace, & put the bloude of warre vpon his girdel yt was aboute his loynes, and in his shues that were vpon his fete:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou knowest also what Ioab the sonne of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captaines of the hostes of Israel, vnto Abner the sonne of Ner, and vnto Amasa the sonne of Iether: whome he slewe, and shed blood of battell in peace, and put the blood of warre vpon his girdle that was about his loynes, and in his shooes that were on his feete.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Moreouer, thou wottest howe Ioab the sonne of Zaruia serued me, and what he did to the two captaynes of the hoastes of Israel, vnto Abner the sonne of Ner, and vnto Amasa the sonne of Iether, whom he slue, and shed blood in time of peace (euen as it had ben in warre) & put the blood of warre vpon his girdle that was about his loynes, and in his shoes that were on his feete.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, [and] what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that [was] about his loins, and in his shoes that [were] on his feet.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Moreover you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his sash that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And also, thou hast known that which he did to me -- Joab son of Zeruiah -- that which he did to two heads of the hosts of Israel, to Abner son of Ner, and to Amasa son of Jether -- that he slayeth them, and maketh the blood of war in peace, and putteth the blood of war in his girdle, that `is' on his loins, and in his sandals that `are' on his feet;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did unto me, even what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now you have knowledge of what Joab, the son of Zeruiah, did to me, and to the two captains of the army of Israel, Abner, the son of Ner, and Amasa, the son of Jether, whom he put to death, taking payment for the blood of war in time of peace, and making the band of my clothing and the shoes on my feet red with the blood of one put to death without cause.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Moreover you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, even what he did to the two captains of the armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his sash that was about his waist, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “You know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me– how he murdered two commanders of the Israelite armies, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. During peacetime he struck them down like he would in battle; when he shed their blood as if in battle, he stained the belt on his waist and the sandals on his feet.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 20:10 : 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.20.10", "source": "וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה ל֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑ת ס וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃", "text": "And *ʿămāśāʾ* not-*šāmar* in the-*ḥerev* which in *yad*-*yôʾāv*, and *nāḵâ*-him with-it to-the-*ḥōmeš* and *šāpaḵ* *mēʿâw* *ʾarṣâ* and not-*šānâ* to-him and *mût*; and *yôʾāv* and *ʾăvîšay* *ʾāḥ*-his *rādap* *ʾaḥărê* *šebaʿ* *ben*-*bikrî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amasa", "*šāmar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was not on guard", "*ḥerev*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sword", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*nāḵâ*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*ḥōmeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the belly/fifth rib", "*šāpaḵ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he poured out", "*mēʿâw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his intestines", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to the ground", "*šānâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he repeated", "*mût*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*ʾăvîšay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abishai", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*rādap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he pursued", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*šebaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheba", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bikrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Bichri" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "was on guard/watched/was careful", "*nāḵâ*": "struck/hit/smote", "*ḥōmeš*": "belly/abdomen/fifth rib", "*šāpaḵ*": "poured out/spilled/shed", "*mēʿâw*": "intestines/bowels/inner parts", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward/down", "*šānâ*": "repeated/struck again/did a second time", "*mût*": "died/expired" } }
• 2 Sam 3:27 : 27 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.27", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְנֵר֙ חֶבְר֔וֹן וַיַּטֵּ֤הוּ יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַשַּׁ֔עַר לְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּשֶּׁ֑לִי וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ הַחֹ֔מֶשׁ וַיָּ֕מָת בְּדַ֖ם עֲשָׂה־אֵ֥ל אָחִֽיו׃", "text": "And *wə-yāšāb* *ʾabnēr* *ḥebrôn* and *wə-yaṭṭēhû* *yôʾāb* to-midst the-*šaʿar* to-*dabbēr* with-him in-the-*šelî* and *wə-yakkēhû* there the-*ḥōmeš* and *wə-yāmāt* in-*dam* *ʿăśāh*-*ʾēl* his-brother", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron", "*wə-yaṭṭēhû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he turned him aside", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the gate", "*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*šelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the quietness/privacy", "*wə-yakkēhû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*ḥōmeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the belly/abdomen/fifth rib", "*wə-yāmāt*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*ʿăśāh*-*ʾēl*": "proper noun - Asahel" }, "variants": { "*yaṭṭēhû*": "he turned him aside/he drew him away/he pulled him", "*šelî*": "quietness/privacy/secretly", "*ḥōmeš*": "belly/abdomen/fifth rib/fifth part" } }
• 2 Sam 18:5 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.18.5", "source": "וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yəṣaw ha-meleḵ* *ʾet*-*Yôʾāb* and-*ʾet*-*ʾĂbîšay* and-*ʾet*-*ʾIttay* *lēʾmōr* *ləʾaṭ*-to-me to-the-*naʿar* to-*ʾAbšālôm* and-all-*ha-ʿām* heard in-*ṣawwôt ha-meleḵ* *ʾet*-all-*ha-śārîm* concerning-word-of *ʾAbšālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəṣaw*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + common noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*ʾĂbîšay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abishai", "*ʾIttay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ittai", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ləʾaṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - gently/softly/slowly", "*naʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular - young man/lad", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*kol-ha-ʿām*": "construct noun + definite article + common noun - all the people", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they heard", "*bə-ṣawwôt*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - in commanding", "*ha-śārîm*": "definite article + common noun, masculine plural - the commanders/officers" }, "variants": { "*ṣāwāh*": "to command/order/instruct", "*ləʾaṭ*": "gently/softly/slowly/carefully", "*naʿar*": "young man/lad/servant/youth", "*šāmaʿ*": "to hear/listen/obey", "*dābar*": "word/matter/thing" } }
• 2 Sam 18:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.18.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָאִישׁ֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב וְל֨וּא אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁקֵ֤ל עַל־כַּפַּי֙ אֶ֣לֶף כֶּ֔סֶף לֹֽא־אֶשְׁלַ֥ח יָדִ֖י אֶל־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י בְאָזְנֵ֜ינוּ צִוָּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֹ֠תְךָ וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שִׁמְרוּ־מִ֕י בַּנַּ֖עַר בְּאַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer ha-ʾîš* to-*Yôʾāb* and-even-if I *šōqēl* on-my-palms thousand *kesep̄* not-I-would-send my-hand against-son-of-*ha-meleḵ* because in-our-ears commanded *ha-meleḵ* you and-*ʾet*-*ʾĂbîšay* and-*ʾet*-*ʾIttay* *lēʾmōr* take-care-whoever with-the-*naʿar* with-*ʾAbšālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*ha-ʾîš*": "definite article + common noun, masculine singular - the man", "*ʾel-Yôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joab", "*wə-lû*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and even if", "*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I", "*šōqēl*": "qal participle, masculine singular - weighing out", "*ʿal-kappay*": "preposition + common noun, feminine dual construct + 1st common singular suffix - on my palms", "*ʾelep̄ kesep̄*": "numeral + common noun - thousand (pieces of) silver", "*lōʾ-ʾešlaḥ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 1st common singular - I would not send", "*yādî*": "common noun, feminine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my hand", "*ʾel-ben-ha-meleḵ*": "preposition + common noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + common noun - against the son of the king", "*kî ḇə-ʾāznênû*": "conjunction + preposition + common noun, feminine dual construct + 1st common plural suffix - because in our ears", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded/charged", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + common noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾōtəḵā*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine singular suffix - you", "*ʾet-ʾĂbîšay*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Abishai", "*ʾet-ʾIttay*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Ittai", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šimrû-mî*": "qal imperative, masculine plural + interrogative - take care whoever", "*ba-naʿar*": "preposition + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - with the young man", "*bə-ʾAbšālôm*": "preposition + proper noun - with Absalom" }, "variants": { "*šāqal*": "to weigh out/pay", "*kap*": "palm/hand", "*šālaḥ yād*": "to stretch out hand/harm/attack", "*ʾōzen*": "ear", "*ṣāwāh*": "to command/charge/instruct", "*šāmar*": "to guard/watch over/protect" } }
• 2 Sam 18:14 : 14 { "verseID": "2Samuel.18.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֔ב לֹא־כֵ֖ן אֹחִ֣ילָה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיִּקַּח֩ שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה שְׁבָטִ֜ים בְּכַפּ֗וֹ וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙ בְּלֵ֣ב אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י בְּלֵ֥ב הָאֵלָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *Yôʾāḇ* not-thus *ʾōḥîlâ* before-*p̄āneḵā* and-*yiqqaḥ* three *šěḇāṭîm* in-*kappô* and-*yiṯqāʿēm* in-*lēḇ* *ʾAḇšālôm* *ʿôḏennû* *ḥay* in-*lēḇ* the-*ʾēlâ*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he said", "*Yôʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Joab", "*ʾōḥîlâ*": "first person singular hiphil imperfect cohortative - I will wait/linger", "*p̄āneḵā*": "masculine plural noun with second person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence", "*yiqqaḥ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he took", "*šěḇāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - rods/staffs/spears/darts", "*kappô*": "feminine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his palm/hand", "*yiṯqāʿēm*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive with third person masculine plural suffix - and he thrust them", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾAḇšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*ʿôḏennû*": "adverb with third person masculine singular suffix - while he was still", "*ḥay*": "masculine singular adjective - alive/living", "*ʾēlâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the terebinth/oak" }, "variants": { "*ʾōḥîlâ*": "I will wait/I will tarry/I must delay", "*šěḇāṭîm*": "darts/spears/javelins/rods", "*yiṯqāʿēm*": "thrust them/stuck them/drove them", "*lēḇ*": "heart/middle/midst", "*ʿôḏennû*": "while he was still/yet he was/as he was yet", "*ʾēlâ*": "terebinth/oak tree" } }
• 2 Sam 3:39 : 39 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.39", "source": "וְאָנֹכִ֨י הַיּ֥וֹם רַךְ֙ וּמָשׁ֣וּחַ מֶ֔לֶךְ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י צְרוּיָ֖ה קָשִׁ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נִּי יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה לְעֹשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה כְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ʾānōkî* *ha-yôm* *rak* *û-māšûaḥ* *melek* *wə-hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *bənê* *ṣərûyâ* *qāšîm* from me *yəšallēm* *yhwh* to *ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ* according to *rāʿātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st person common singular - and I", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day/today", "*rak*": "adjective masculine singular - tender/weak/soft", "*û-māšûaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular - and anointed", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular - king", "*wə-hā-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the men", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective common plural - these", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*qāšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - hard/severe/harsh", "*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he repay", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿōśēh*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - doer of", "*hā-rāʿâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the evil", "*rāʿātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his evil" }, "variants": { "*rak*": "tender/weak/gentle/soft", "*qāšîm*": "too hard/harsh/severe/difficult", "*yəšallēm*": "may he repay/may he restore/may he recompense", "*ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ*": "doer of evil/evildoer" } }
• 2 Sam 17:25 : 25 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.25", "source": "וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֗א שָׂ֧ם אַבְשָׁלֹ֛ם תַּ֥חַת יוֹאָ֖ב עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א בֶן־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יִתְרָ֣א הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־בָּא֙ אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֣ל בַּת־נָחָ֔שׁ אֲח֥וֹת צְרוּיָ֖ה אֵ֥ם יוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "And-*ʾet*-*ʿĂmāśāʾ* *śām* *ʾAbšālōm* instead-of *Yôʾāb* over-the-*ṣābāʾ* and-*wa-ʿĂmāśāʾ* son-of-*ʾîš* and-his-name *Yitrāʾ* the-*Yiśrəʾēlî* who-*bāʾ* to-*ʾĂbîgal* daughter-of-*Nāḥāš* sister-of *Ṣərûyâ* mother-of *Yôʾāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿĂmāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Amasa", "*śām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he put/placed/appointed", "*ʾAbšālōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Absalom", "*Yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - army", "*wa-ʿĂmāśāʾ*": "waw conjunction + proper noun, masculine - and Amasa", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*Yitrāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Ithra", "*Yiśrəʾēlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Israelite", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he went in/came", "*ʾĂbîgal*": "proper noun, feminine - Abigal", "*Nāḥāš*": "proper noun, masculine - Nahash", "*Ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun, feminine - Zeruiah", "*Yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "put/placed/appointed", "*Yiśrəʾēlî*": "Israelite (some manuscripts have 'Ishmaelite')", "*bāʾ*": "went in to/came to/had relations with" } }
• 2 Sam 2:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.18", "source": "וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָׁ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה יוֹאָ֥ב וַאֲבִישַׁ֖י וַעֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַעֲשָׂהאֵל֙ קַ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֔יו כְּאַחַ֥ד הַצְּבָיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yihyû*-there *šəlōšâ* *bənê* *ṣərûyâ* *yôʾāb* and-*ʾăbîšay* and-*ʿăśāhʾēl* and-*ʿăśāhʾēl* *qal* in-*raglāyw* like-one-of the-*ṣəbāyim* which in-the-*śādeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yihyû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*šəlōšâ*": "numeral, masculine - three", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun, feminine - Zeruiah", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*ʾăbîšay*": "proper noun, masculine - Abishai", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular - swift/light", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*ṣəbāyim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the gazelles", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the field" }, "variants": { "*wə-yihyû*": "and they were/existed/happened to be", "*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of", "*qal*": "swift/light/quick", "*raglāyw*": "his feet/legs", "*ṣəbāyim*": "gazelles/deer/wild goats", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/countryside" } }
• 2 Sam 19:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.5", "source": "וְהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לָאַ֣ט אֶת־פָּנָ֔יו וַיִּזְעַ֥ק הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל בְּנִי֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּנִ֥י בְנִֽי׃", "text": "*wə-ha-melekh* *lā'aṭ* *'et*-*pānāyw* *wə-yiz'aq* the *melekh* *qôl* *gādôl* *bənî* *'avshālôm* *'avshālôm* *bənî* *bənî*", "grammar": { "*wə-ha-melekh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with definite article - and the king", "*lā'aṭ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - covered", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*wə-yiz'aq*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/loud", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my son" }, "variants": { "*lā'aṭ*": "covered/wrapped/concealed", "*wə-yiz'aq*": "cried out/shouted/called out", "*qôl gādôl*": "loud voice/great cry/with a loud voice" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.6", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֛ב אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַבָּ֑יִת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ הַֽמְמַלְּטִ֤ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ נָשֶׁ֔יךָ וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yāvō'* *yô'āv* to the *melekh* the *bayit* *wə-yō'mer* *hōvashtā* the *yôm* *'et*-*pənêy* all-*'ăvādeykha* the *məmalləṭîm* *'et*-*nafshəkha* the *yôm* and *'ēt* *nefesh* *bāneykha* and *bənôteykha* and *nefesh* *nāsheykha* and *nefesh* *pilagəsheykha*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāvō'*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*yô'āv*": "proper noun - Joab", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*wə-yō'mer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hōvashtā*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have shamed", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*pənêy*": "construct state, masculine plural - faces of", "*'ăvādeykha*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*məmalləṭîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones saving/delivering", "*nafshəkha*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life/soul", "*bāneykha*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*bənôteykha*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughters", "*nāsheykha*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wives", "*pilagəsheykha*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your concubines" }, "variants": { "*hōvashtā*": "shamed/put to shame/disgraced/humiliated", "*məmalləṭîm*": "saved/delivered/rescued/preserved", "*nafshəkha*": "your life/soul/being/self" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.7", "source": "לְאַֽהֲבָה֙ אֶת־שֹׂ֣נְאֶ֔יךָ וְלִשְׂנֹ֖א אֶת־אֹהֲבֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י ׀ הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֗וֹם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לְךָ֙ שָׂרִ֣ים וַעֲבָדִ֔ים כִּ֣י ׀ יָדַ֣עְתִּי הַיּ֗וֹם כִּ֠י *לא **ל֣וּ אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם חַי֙ וְכֻלָּ֤נוּ הַיּוֹם֙ מֵתִ֔ים כִּי־אָ֖ז יָשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*lə'ahăvāh* *'et*-*śōn'eykha* and *liśnō'* *'et*-*'ōhăveykha* *kî* *higgadtā* the *yôm* *kî* *'ēyn* to you *śārîm* and *'ăvādîm* *kî* *yāda'tî* the *yôm* *kî* *lū* *'avshālōm* *ḥay* and all of us the *yôm* *mētîm* *kî*-then *yāshār* in *'êneykha*", "grammar": { "*lə'ahăvāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to love", "*śōn'eykha*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your haters/enemies", "*liśnō'*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to hate", "*'ōhăveykha*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your lovers/friends", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*higgadtā*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have declared", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*'ēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/commanders", "*'ăvādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants", "*yāda'tî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I know", "*lū*": "conditional particle - if", "*'avshālōm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - alive", "*mētîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - dead", "*yāshār*": "adjective, masculine singular - right/pleasing", "*'êneykha*": "noun, dual with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*lə'ahăvāh*": "to love/loving", "*śōn'eykha*": "those who hate you/your enemies", "*liśnō'*": "to hate/hating", "*'ōhăveykha*": "those who love you/your friends", "*higgadtā*": "declared/showed/made known", "*lū*": "if/had (conditional)/if only", "*yāshār* *bə'êneykha*": "right in your eyes/pleasing to you" } }
• 1 Kgs 1:7 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.1.7", "source": "וַיִּהְי֣וּ דְבָרָ֔יו עִ֚ם יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וְעִ֖ם אֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַֽיַּעְזְר֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲדֹנִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And his *davar* *hayah* with *Yoav* son of-*Tseruyah* and with *Evyatar* the *kohen*, and they *azar* after *Adoniyah*.", "grammar": { "*davar*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words/matters", "*hayah*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - they were/happened", "*Yoav*": "proper noun - Joab", "*Tseruyah*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*Evyatar*": "proper noun - Abiathar", "*kohen*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the priest", "*azar*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - they helped/supported", "*Adoniyah*": "proper noun - Adonijah" }, "variants": { "*vayihyu devarav im*": "his words were with/he conferred with/he conspired with", "*vaya'zeru acharei*": "they helped after/they supported the side of/they followed after" } }
• 1 Kgs 1:18-19 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Kings.1.18", "source": "וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אֲדֹנִיָּ֖ה מָלָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתָּ׃", "text": "And-now *hinnēh* *ʾăḏōnîyāh* *mālāḵ*, and-now *ʾăḏōnî* the-*meleḵ* not *yāḏāʿtā*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾăḏōnîyāh*": "proper noun - Adonijah", "*mālāḵ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has become king/reigned", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*yāḏāʿtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you knew/have known" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*mālāḵ*": "has become king/has reigned/has ruled", "*yāḏāʿtā*": "you knew/have known/were aware" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.1.19", "source": "וַ֠יִּזְבַּח שׁ֥וֹר וּֽמְרִיא־וְצֹאן֮ לָרֹב֒ וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְאֶבְיָתָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וּלְיֹאָ֖ב שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֑א וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א קָרָֽא׃", "text": "And-*wayyizbaḥ* *šôr* and-*mərîʾ*-and-*ṣōʾn* to-abundance, and-*wayyiqrāʾ* to-all-*bənê* the-*meleḵ* and-to-*ʾeḇyāṯār* the-*kōhēn* and-to-*yôʾāḇ* *śar* the-*ṣāḇāʾ*, and-to-*šəlōmōh* *ʿaḇdəḵā* not *qārāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sacrificed", "*šôr*": "noun, masculine singular - ox/bull", "*mərîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - fatling/fattened livestock", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called/invited", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾeḇyāṯār*": "proper noun - Abiathar", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular - priest", "*yôʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Joab", "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - army/host", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*qārāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he called/invited" }, "variants": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "and he sacrificed/slaughtered", "*mərîʾ*": "fatling/fattened livestock/fatted calf", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/invited/summoned", "*śar*": "commander/chief/captain", "*qārāʾ*": "he called/invited/summoned" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.32", "source": "וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *hēšîb* *YHWH* *ʾet*-his *dāmô* upon his *rōʾšô*, who *pāgaʿ* in two-*ʾănāšîm* *ṣaddîqîm* and *ṭôbîm* than him, and *yaharḡēm* with the *ḥereb*, and my father *dāwid* not *yādāʿ*, *ʾet*-*ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾet*-*ʿămāśāʾ* son-of-*yeter* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *yəhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*hēšîb*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - will return/bring back", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dāmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*pāgaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - attacked/struck", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective - righteous", "*ṭôbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good/better", "*yaharḡēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix consecutive - killed them", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sword", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yādāʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Ner", "*śar*": "masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - army of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Amasa", "*yeter*": "proper noun, masculine - Jether", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hēšîb*": "will return/bring back/repay", "*dāmô*": "his blood/his bloodguilt", "*rōʾšô*": "his head/upon himself", "*pāgaʿ*": "attacked/struck/killed/fell upon", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*ṭôbîm*": "good/better/more honorable", "*yaharḡēm*": "killed them/slew them", "*yādāʿ*": "knew/was aware of/had knowledge of" } }
• Jer 2:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.34", "source": "גַּ֤ם בִּכְנָפַ֙יִךְ֙ נִמְצְא֔וּ דַּ֛ם נַפְשׁ֥וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים נְקִיִּ֑ים לֹֽא־בַמַּחְתֶּ֥רֶת מְצָאתִ֖ים כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*Gam* in *kənāp̄ayik* *nimṣəʾû* *dam* *nap̄šôt* *ʾeḇyônîm* *nəqiyyîm* not in *maḥteret* *məṣāʾtîm* for *ʿal*-all-*ʾēlleh*.", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*kənāp̄ayik*": "noun with preposition and 2nd person feminine singular possessive suffix - in your skirts/borders", "*nimṣəʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - were found", "*dam*": "construct state, masculine singular - blood of", "*nap̄šôt*": "feminine plural construct - souls/lives of", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "masculine plural - poor ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "masculine plural adjective - innocent", "*maḥteret*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - in breaking in/house-breaking", "*məṣāʾtîm*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I found them", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon/concerning", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative plural - these" }, "variants": { "*kənāp̄ayik*": "your skirts/borders/wings/edges of garments", "*dam*": "blood/bloodguilt", "*nap̄šôt*": "souls/lives/persons", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "poor/needy/destitute ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*maḥteret*": "breaking in/house-breaking/place of forced entry", "*ʿal*": "on/upon/concerning/because of" } }
• Jer 6:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.15", "source": "הֹבִ֕ישׁוּ כִּ֥י תוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשׂ֑וּ גַּם־בּ֣וֹשׁ לֹֽא־יֵב֗וֹשׁוּ גַּם־הַכְלִים֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ לָכֵ֞ן יִפְּל֧וּ בַנֹּפְלִ֛ים בְּעֵת־פְּקַדְתִּ֥ים יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "Were-they-*hōbîšû* because *tôʿēbāh* they-*ʿāśû* even-*bôš* not-they-*yēbôšû* even-*haḵlîm* not they-*yādāʿû* therefore they-shall-*yippəlû* among-the-*nōpəlîm* in-time-of-my-*pəqadtîm* they-shall-*yikkāšəlû* *ʾāmar* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hōbîšû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were put to shame", "*tôʿēbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - abomination", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they did/committed", "*bôš*": "qal infinitive absolute - being ashamed", "*yēbôšû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were ashamed", "*haḵlîm*": "hiphil infinitive construct - being put to shame", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they knew", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will fall", "*nōpəlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - the fallen ones", "*pəqadtîm*": "qal infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix + 3rd masculine plural suffix - my visiting/punishing them", "*yikkāšəlû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will stumble", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*hōbîšû*": "they were put to shame/disgraced/disappointed", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*haḵlîm*": "being put to shame/humiliated/disgraced", "*pəqadtîm*": "my visiting/punishing/attending to them" } }
• Ezek 24:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.24.7", "source": "כִּ֤י דָמָהּ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֣הּ הָיָ֔ה עַל־צְחִ֥יחַ סֶ֖לַע שָׂמָ֑תְהוּ לֹ֤א שְׁפָכַ֙תְהוּ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְכַסּ֥וֹת עָלָ֖יו עָפָֽר׃", "text": "For *dāmāh* in *bəṯôḵāh* *hāyāh*, upon *ṣəḥîaḥ* *sela'* *śāmāṯəhû*; not *šəp̄āḵaṯəhû* upon the *'āreṣ* to *ḵassôṯ* upon it *'āp̄ār*.", "grammar": { "*dāmāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her blood", "*bəṯôḵāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed", "*ṣəḥîaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - bare/exposed place of", "*sela'*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*śāmāṯəhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - she placed it", "*šəp̄āḵaṯəhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - she poured it", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/ground", "*ḵassôṯ*": "piel infinitive construct - to cover", "*'āp̄ār*": "masculine singular noun - dust/soil" }, "variants": { "*dāmāh*": "her blood/bloodshed", "*bəṯôḵāh*": "in her midst/middle/inside her", "*ṣəḥîaḥ*": "bare/exposed/dry place of", "*sela'*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*śāmāṯəhû*": "she placed it/put it/established it", "*šəp̄āḵaṯəhû*": "she poured it/spilled it", "*'āreṣ*": "earth/ground/land", "*'āp̄ār*": "dust/soil/dirt" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.24.8", "source": "לְהַעֲל֤וֹת חֵמָה֙ לִנְקֹ֣ם נָקָ֔ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־דָּמָ֖הּ עַל־צְחִ֣יחַ סָ֑לַע לְבִלְתִּ֖י הִכָּסֽוֹת׃ פ", "text": "To *lə-ha'ălôṯ* *ḥēmāh* to *linqōm* *nāqām*, *nāṯattî* *'eṯ-dāmāh* upon *ṣəḥîaḥ* *sāla'* to *lə-ḇiltî* *hikkāsôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*lə-ha'ălôṯ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to go up/raise up", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wrath/anger", "*linqōm*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to avenge", "*nāqām*": "masculine singular noun - vengeance", "*nāṯattî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have given/placed", "*'eṯ-dāmāh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her blood", "*ṣəḥîaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - bare/exposed place of", "*sāla'*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*lə-ḇiltî*": "preposition + adverb - so as not to", "*hikkāsôṯ*": "niphal infinitive construct - to be covered" }, "variants": { "*lə-ha'ălôṯ*": "to cause to go up/raise up/bring up", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/anger/fury/rage", "*linqōm*": "to avenge/take vengeance", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge", "*ṣəḥîaḥ*": "bare/exposed/dry place of", "*sāla'*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*lə-ḇiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to" } }