1 Kings 22:38

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.22.38", "source": "וַיִּשְׁטֹ֨ף אֶת־הָרֶ֜כֶב עַ֣ל ׀ בְּרֵכַ֣ת שֹׁמְר֗וֹן וַיָּלֹ֤קּוּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְהַזֹּנ֖וֹת רָחָ֑צוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃", "text": "And-*wayyišṭōp̄* *ʾet*-*hārekeḇ* at *bərēkat* *šōmərôn*, and-*wayyālōqqû* *hakkəlāḇîm* *ʾet*-his-blood, and-*hazzōnôt* *rāḥāṣû*, according-to-*diḇar* *yhwh* which *dibbēr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišṭōp̄*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and one washed/rinsed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hārekeḇ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chariot", "*bərēkat*": "construct state, feminine singular - pool of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*wayyālōqqû*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd common plural - and they licked up", "*hakkəlāḇîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the dogs", "*hazzōnôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the prostitutes", "*rāḥāṣû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they washed/bathed", "*diḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke" }, "variants": { "*wayyišṭōp̄*": "washed/rinsed/cleansed", "*wayyālōqqû*": "licked up/lapped", "*rāḥāṣû*": "washed/bathed/had washed" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּשְׁטֹ֨ף אֶת־הָרֶ֜כֶב עַ֣ל ׀ בְּרֵכַ֣ת שֹׁמְר֗וֹן וַיָּלֹ֤קּוּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְהַזֹּנ֖וֹת רָחָ֑צוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃

Transliteration

And-wayyišṭōp̄ ʾet-hārekeḇ at bərēkat šōmərôn, and-wayyālōqqû hakkəlāḇîm ʾet-his-blood, and-hazzōnôt rāḥāṣû, according-to-diḇar yhwh which dibbēr.

Grammar Details

• *wayyišṭōp̄*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and one washed/rinsed
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *hārekeḇ*: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chariot
• *bərēkat*: construct state, feminine singular - pool of
• *šōmərôn*: proper noun - Samaria
• *wayyālōqqû*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd common plural - and they licked up
• *hakkəlāḇîm*: definite article + noun, masculine plural - the dogs
• *hazzōnôt*: definite article + noun, feminine plural - the prostitutes
• *rāḥāṣû*: Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they washed/bathed
• *diḇar*: construct state, masculine singular - word of
• *yhwh*: proper noun - LORD/Yahweh
• *dibbēr*: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke

Word Meanings

• *wayyišṭōp̄*: washed/rinsed/cleansed
• *wayyālōqqû*: licked up/lapped
• *rāḥāṣû*: washed/bathed/had washed

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They washed the chariot at the pool of Samaria, and the dogs licked up his blood, as the prostitutes bathed there, in accordance with the word of the LORD that He had spoken.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And one washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the LORD which he spake.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And someone washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armor, according to the word of the Lord which he spoke.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And one washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the LORD which he spake.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And they washed{H7857} the chariot{H7393} by the pool{H1295} of Samaria;{H8111} and the dogs{H3611} licked up{H3952} his blood{H1818} (now the harlots washed{H7364} themselves{H2185} [there] ); according unto the word{H1697} of Jehovah{H3068} which he spake.{H1696}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And one washed{H7857}{(H8799)} the chariot{H7393} in the pool{H1295} of Samaria{H8111}; and the dogs{H3611} licked up{H3952}{(H8799)} his blood{H1818}; and they washed{H7364}{(H8804)} his armour{H2185}; according unto the word{H1697} of the LORD{H3068} which he spake{H1696}{(H8765)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan they wa?shed the charett in the pole of Samaria, ye dogges licked his bloude (but the harlottes wa?shed him) acordinge to the worde of ye LORDE which he spake.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And one washed the charet in the poole of Samaria, and the dogs licked vp his blood (and they washed his armour) according vnto the word of the Lord which he spake.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And one washed the charet in the poole of Samaria, & the dogges licked vp his blood: and they washed his armour, according vnto the worde of the Lorde whiche he spake.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And [one] washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the LORD which he spake.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They washed the chariot by the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood (now the prostitutes washed themselves [there]); according to the word of Yahweh which he spoke.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and `one' rinseth the chariot by the pool of Samaria, and the dogs lick his blood -- when the armour they had washed -- according to the word of Jehovah that He spake.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they washed the chariot by the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood (now the harlots washed themselves `there'); according unto the word of Jehovah which he spake.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they washed the chariot by the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood (now the harlots washed themselves [there] ); according unto the word of Jehovah which he spake.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the war-carriage was washed by the pool of Samaria, which was the bathing-place of the loose women, and the dogs were drinking his blood there, as the Lord had said.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They washed the chariot by the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood where the prostitutes washed themselves; according to the word of Yahweh which he spoke.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  They washed off the chariot at the pool of Samaria. Then the dogs licked his blood, while the the prostitutes bathed, in keeping with the LORD’S message that he had spoken.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 21:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.19", "source": "וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲרָצַ֖חְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָ֑שְׁתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לָקְק֤וּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דַּ֣ם נָב֔וֹת יָלֹ֧קּוּ הַכְּלָבִ֛ים אֶת־דָּמְךָ֖ גַּם־אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, have-*rāṣaḥtā* and-also-*yārāštā*? And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, in-the-*māqôm* where *lāqəqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dam* *nābôt* *yālōqqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dāməkā* also-you.", "grammar": { "*dibbartā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you shall speak", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*rāṣaḥtā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have murdered", "*yārāštā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have taken possession", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*lāqəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they licked up", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yālōqqû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will lick up", "*dāməkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your blood" }, "variants": { "*rāṣaḥtā*": "you have murdered/you have killed/you have slain", "*yārāštā*": "you have taken possession/you have inherited/you have seized", "*māqôm*": "place/location/spot" } }
• Isa 44:25-26 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.44.25", "source": "מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃", "text": "*mēp̄ēr* *ʾōṯôṯ* *baddîm* *wəqōsəmîm* *yəhôlēl* *mēšîḇ* *ḥăḵāmîm* *ʾāḥôr* *wəḏaʿtām* *yəśakkēl*", "grammar": { "*mēp̄ēr*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - frustrating", "*ʾōṯôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - signs of", "*baddîm*": "noun, masculine plural - liars/empty talkers", "*wəqōsəmîm*": "conjunction + verb, qal participle, masculine plural - and diviners", "*yəhôlēl*": "verb, poel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he makes fools", "*mēšîḇ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - turning back", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wise men", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward", "*wəḏaʿtām*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their knowledge", "*yəśakkēl*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he makes foolish" }, "variants": { "*mēp̄ēr*": "frustrating/breaking/bringing to nothing", "*ʾōṯôṯ baddîm*": "signs of liars/omens of impostors/tokens of false prophets", "*qōsəmîm*": "diviners/soothsayers/fortune-tellers", "*yəhôlēl*": "makes fools/drives mad/makes into fools", "*mēšîḇ ḥăḵāmîm ʾāḥôr*": "turning wise men backward/driving back the wise/confounding the wise", "*yəśakkēl*": "makes foolish/makes into folly/shows to be nonsense" } } 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.44.26", "source": "מֵקִים֙ דְּבַ֣ר עַבְדּ֔וֹ וַעֲצַ֥ת מַלְאָכָ֖יו יַשְׁלִ֑ים הָאֹמֵ֨ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תּוּשָׁ֗ב וּלְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ינָה וְחָרְבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲקוֹמֵֽם׃", "text": "*mēqîm* *dəḇar* *ʿaḇdô* *waʿăṣaṯ* *malʾāḵāyw* *yašlîm* *hāʾōmēr* *lîrûšālaim* *tûšāḇ* *ûləʿārê* *yəhûḏāh* *tibbānenāh* *wəḥārḇôṯehā* *ʾăqômēm*", "grammar": { "*mēqîm*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - confirming", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*waʿăṣaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and counsel of", "*malʾāḵāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*yašlîm*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he fulfills", "*hāʾōmēr*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one saying", "*lîrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*tûšāḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will be inhabited", "*ûləʿārê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - and to cities of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*tibbānenāh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be built", "*wəḥārḇôṯehā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her ruins", "*ʾăqômēm*": "verb, polel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will raise up" }, "variants": { "*mēqîm*": "confirming/establishing/fulfilling", "*malʾāḵāyw*": "his messengers/his angels/his envoys", "*yašlîm*": "he fulfills/he completes/he perfects", "*tûšāḇ*": "she will be inhabited/she will be populated/she will be settled", "*tibbānenāh*": "they will be built/they will be established/they will be constructed", "*ḥārḇôṯehā*": "her ruins/her desolate places/her waste places", "*ʾăqômēm*": "I will raise up/I will restore/I will rebuild" } }
• Isa 48:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.3", "source": "הָרִֽאשֹׁנוֹת֙ מֵאָ֣ז הִגַּ֔דְתִּי וּמִפִּ֥י יָצְא֖וּ וְאַשְׁמִיעֵ֑ם פִּתְאֹ֥ם עָשִׂ֖יתִי וַתָּבֹֽאנָה׃", "text": "The *rīʾshōnôt* from *ʾāz* *higgadtî* and from *pî* *yāṣeʾû* and *ʾashmîʿēm* *pitʾōm* *ʿāśîtî* and *tābōʾnāh*", "grammar": { "*rīʾshōnôt*": "feminine plural - former things/previous things", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time/formerly", "*higgadtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I declared/announced", "*pî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my mouth", "*yāṣeʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went out/came forth", "*ʾashmîʿēm*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I caused them to hear/I announced them", "*pitʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly/unexpectedly", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I did/made/accomplished", "*tābōʾnāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - they came/arrived/happened" }, "variants": { "*rīʾshōnôt*": "former things/previous events/first things", "*higgadtî*": "I declared/I announced/I made known", "*yāṣeʾû*": "went forth/came out/proceeded", "*ʾashmîʿēm*": "I announced them/I proclaimed them/I made them hear", "*pitʾōm*": "suddenly/unexpectedly/instantly", "*ʿāśîtî*": "I did/I made/I accomplished/I performed", "*tābōʾnāh*": "they came/they arrived/they happened/they came to pass" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.4", "source": "מִדַּעְתִּ֕י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְגִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה׃", "text": "From *daʿtî* that *qāsheh* *ʾāttāh* and *gîd* *barzel* *ʿorpekā* and *miṣḥăkā* *neḥûshāh*", "grammar": { "*daʿtî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my knowledge", "*qāsheh*": "adjective masculine singular - hard/stubborn/obstinate", "*ʾāttāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*gîd*": "masculine singular construct - sinew of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular - iron", "*ʿorpekā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neck", "*miṣḥăkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your forehead", "*neḥûshāh*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*qāsheh*": "hard/stubborn/obstinate/stiff-necked", "*gîd*": "sinew/tendon/muscle", "*barzel*": "iron/ironlike/unyielding", "*ʿorpekā*": "your neck/your stubbornness", "*miṣḥăkā*": "your forehead/your brow", "*neḥûshāh*": "bronze/copper/brass" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.5", "source": "וָאַגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ מֵאָ֔ז בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ פֶּן־תֹּאמַר֙ עָצְבִּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ם וּפִסְלִ֥י וְנִסְכִּ֖י צִוָּֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾaggîd* to you from *ʾāz* in *ṭerem* *tābôʾ* *hishmaʿtîkā* lest *tōʾmar* *ʿoṣbî* *ʿāśām* and *pislî* and *niskî* *ṣiwwām*", "grammar": { "*ʾaggîd*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + waw consecutive - and I declared/told", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time/formerly", "*ṭerem*": "adverb - before/not yet", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it comes/happens", "*hishmaʿtîkā*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I caused you to hear/I announced to you", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you would say", "*ʿoṣbî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my idol", "*ʿāśām*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he did/made them", "*pislî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my carved image", "*niskî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my molten image", "*ṣiwwām*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he commanded them" }, "variants": { "*ʾaggîd*": "I declared/I told/I announced", "*ṭerem*": "before/not yet/ere", "*tābôʾ*": "it comes/it happens/it arrives/it occurs", "*hishmaʿtîkā*": "I announced to you/I made you hear/I informed you", "*ʿoṣbî*": "my idol/my image/my painful toil", "*ʿāśām*": "made them/did them/accomplished them", "*pislî*": "my carved image/my idol/my sculpture", "*niskî*": "my molten image/my poured idol/my drink offering", "*ṣiwwām*": "commanded them/ordered them/decreed them" } }
• Jer 44:21-23 : 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.21", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־הַקִּטֵּ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְחֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אַתֶּ֧ם וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם מַלְכֵיכֶ֥ם וְשָׂרֵיכֶ֖ם וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹתָם֙ זָכַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־לִבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hălôʾ ʾet-haqqiṭṭēr ʾăšer qiṭṭartem* in the cities of *yəhûdāh* and in the streets of *yərûšālaim*, you and your *ʾăbôtêkem*, your *malkêkem* and your *śārêkem* and the *ʿam hāʾāreṣ*, *ʾōtām zākar YHWH wattaʿăleh ʿal-libbô*.", "grammar": { "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not", "*ʾet-haqqiṭṭēr*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the incense burning", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*qiṭṭartem*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine plural - you burned/offered", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*malkêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your kings", "*śārêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your princes/officials", "*ʿam*": "noun masculine singular construct - people of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*zākar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - remembered", "*wattaʿăleh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - and it came up", "*ʿal-libbô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon his heart" }, "variants": { "*qiṭṭēr*": "incense burning/sacrificing/making offerings", "*ʿam hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/population", "*zākar*": "remembered/recalled/took note of", "*ʿālāh ʿal-lēb*": "came up upon heart/came to mind/remembered" } } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.22", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יוּכַל֩ יְהוָ֨ה ע֜וֹד לָשֵׂ֗את מִפְּנֵי֙ רֹ֣עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם וַתְּהִ֣י אַ֠רְצְכֶם לְחָרְבָּ֨ה וּלְשַׁמָּ֧ה וְלִקְלָלָ֛ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wəlōʾ-yûkal YHWH ʿôd lāśēʾt mippənê rōaʿ maʿalələkem mippənê hattôʿēbōt ʾăšer ʿăśîtem*, *wattəhî ʾarṣəkem ləḥorbāh ûləšammāh wəliqlālāh mēʾên yôšēb* as *hayyôm hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wəlōʾ-yûkal*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he could not", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore/yet", "*lāśēʾt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to bear/endure", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - from before/because of", "*rōaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - evil of", "*maʿalələkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your deeds", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the abominations", "*ʿăśîtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you did", "*wattəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - and it became", "*ʾarṣəkem*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your land", "*ləḥorbāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - to desolation", "*ûləšammāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular - and to horror/waste", "*wəliqlālāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular - and to curse", "*mēʾên*": "preposition + construct particle - from without", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - dweller/inhabitant", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*yûkal*": "was able/could/had power", "*lāśēʾt*": "to bear/endure/tolerate", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿălāl*": "deeds/practices/actions", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrent practice", "*ḥorbāh*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*šammāh*": "horror/waste/astonishment", "*qəlālāh*": "curse/cursing/malediction" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.23", "source": "מִפְּנֵי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר חֲטָאתֶ֣ם לַיהוָ֗ה וְלֹ֤א שְׁמַעְתֶּם֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וּבְתֹרָת֧וֹ וּבְחֻקֹּתָ֛יו וּבְעֵדְוֺתָ֖יו לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֥את אֶתְכֶ֛ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*mippənê ʾăšer qiṭṭartem waʾăšer ḥăṭāʾtem laYHWH*, and *wəlōʾ šəmaʿtem bəqôl YHWH*, and in his *tôrātô* and in his *ḥuqqōtāw* and in his *ʿēdəwōtāw* not *hălaktem*; *ʿal-kēn qārāʾt ʾetkem hārāʿāh hazzōʾt kayyôm hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - from before/because of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - because/that", "*qiṭṭartem*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine plural - you burned incense/sacrificed", "*waʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - and because", "*ḥăṭāʾtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you sinned", "*laYHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - against YHWH", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šəmaʿtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you heard/listened/obeyed", "*bəqôl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to voice of", "*tôrātô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his law/instruction", "*ḥuqqōtāw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*ʿēdəwōtāw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his testimonies", "*hălaktem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you walked", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*qārāʾt*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it has happened/befallen", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the evil/calamity", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this", "*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - as the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*qiṭṭēr*": "burned incense/made offerings/sacrificed", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/missed the mark/offended", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*ḥuqqāh*": "statute/ordinance/decree", "*ʿēdût*": "testimony/witness/reminder", "*hālak*": "walked/went/followed", "*qārāʾ*": "happened/met/befallen" } }
• Zech 1:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.4", "source": "אַל־תִּהְי֣וּ כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרְאֽוּ־אֲלֵיהֶם֩ הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֤וּבוּ נָא֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖ם הָֽרָעִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֛וּ וְלֹֽא־הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "Not-*tihᵉyû* like-*ʾăḇōtêḵem* who *qārᵉʾû*-to-them the *nᵉḇîʾîm* the *rīʾšōnîm* *lēʾmōr*, 'Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt*, '*šûḇû* *nāʾ* from-*darḵêḵem* the *hārāʿîm* and-from-*maʿalᵉlêḵem* the *hārāʿîm*'; and-not *šāmᵉʿû* and-not-*hiqšîḇû* to-me *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tihᵉyû*": "verb qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural with negative particle *ʾal* - do not be", "*ʾăḇōtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with comparative preposition *kᵉ* - like your fathers", "*qārᵉʾû*": "verb qal perfect 3rd common plural - called/cried out", "*nᵉḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*rīʾšōnîm*": "adjective masculine plural with definite article - the former/first", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāmar*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*šûḇû*": "verb qal imperative masculine plural - return/turn", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - now/please", "*darḵêḵem*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with preposition *min* - from your ways", "*hārāʿîm*": "adjective masculine plural with definite article - the evil/bad", "*maʿalᵉlêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with conjunction *wᵉ* and preposition *min* - and from your deeds/practices", "*šāmᵉʿû*": "verb qal perfect 3rd common plural with negative particle *lōʾ* - they did not hear/listen", "*hiqšîḇû*": "verb hiphil perfect 3rd common plural with negative particle *lōʾ* - they did not pay attention/heed", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of" }, "variants": { "*šûḇû*": "return/turn/repent", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*hārāʿîm*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*maʿalᵉlêḵem*": "deeds/practices/actions", "*šāmᵉʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*hiqšîḇû*": "pay attention/heed/listen attentively", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 5 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.5", "source": "אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אַיֵּה־הֵ֑ם וְהַ֨נְּבִאִ֔ים הַלְעוֹלָ֖ם יִֽחְיֽוּ", "text": "*ʾăḇôtêḵem* where-them? And-the-*nᵉḇiʾim* *halᵉʿôlām* *yiḥᵉyû*?", "grammar": { "*ʾăḇôtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*nᵉḇiʾim*": "noun masculine plural with definite article and conjunction *wᵉ* - and the prophets", "*halᵉʿôlām*": "interrogative *hă* + preposition *lᵉ* + noun masculine singular - for forever?", "*yiḥᵉyû*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will live" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḇôtêḵem*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration", "*yiḥᵉyû*": "live/remain alive/exist" } } 6 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.6", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ דְּבָרַ֣י וְחֻקַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הֲל֥וֹא הִשִּׂ֖יגוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר זָמַ֜ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֔נוּ כִּדְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּכְמַ֣עֲלָלֵ֔ינוּ כֵּ֖ן עָשָׂ֥ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾaḵ* *dᵉḇāray* *wᵉḥuqqay* which *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʿăḇāday* the *nᵉḇîʾîm*, *hălôʾ* *hiśśîgû* *ʾăḇōtêḵem*? *wayyāšûḇû* *wayyōʾmᵉrû*, 'As *zāmam* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt* *laʿăśôt* to-us, according to *kiḏᵉrāḵênû* and-according to *ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*, so *ʿāśāh* with-us'", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/only/nevertheless", "*dᵉḇāray*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my words", "*wᵉḥuqqay*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my statutes/decrees", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "verb piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʿăḇāday*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix with direct object marker *ʾet* - my servants", "*nᵉḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - did not?", "*hiśśîgû*": "verb hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - overtook/reached", "*ʾăḇōtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they returned/repented", "*wayyōʾmᵉrû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they said", "*zāmam*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - purposed/planned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition *lᵉ* + verb qal infinitive construct - to do", "*kiḏᵉrāḵênû*": "preposition *kᵉ* + noun feminine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - according to our ways", "*ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + preposition *kᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - and according to our deeds/practices", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/has done" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "surely/only/nevertheless", "*hiśśîgû*": "overtook/reached/caught up with", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "and they returned/and they repented/and they turned back", "*zāmam*": "purposed/planned/determined", "*maʿălālênû*": "deeds/practices/actions" } }
• Matt 24:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.35", "source": "Ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσονται, οἱ δὲ λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσιν.", "text": "The *ouranos* and the *gē* *pareleusontai*, but the *logoi* of me not not *parelthōsin*.", "grammar": { "*ouranos*": "nominative masculine singular - heaven/sky", "*gē*": "nominative feminine singular - earth/land", "*pareleusontai*": "future middle, 3rd person plural - will pass away", "*logoi*": "nominative masculine plural - words", "*parelthōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might pass away" }, "variants": { "*ouranos*": "heaven/sky/firmament", "*gē*": "earth/land/world", "*pareleusontai*": "will pass away/disappear/come to an end", "*logoi*": "words/sayings/statements", "*parelthōsin*": "might pass away/disappear/fail" } }
• Josh 23:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.23.14", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֣ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הַטּוֹבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכֹּל֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָכֶ֔ם לֹֽא־נָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "And *whinnēh* *ʾānōkî* *hôlēk* the *yôm* in *derek* all the *ʾāreṣ* and *wîdaʿtem* in all *ləḇaḇkem* and in all *nap̄šəkem* that not *nāp̄al* *dāḇār* *ʾeḥād* from all the *dəḇārîm* the *ṭôḇîm* which *dibber* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* concerning you the *kōl* *bāʾû* to you not *nāp̄al* from it *dāḇār* *ʾeḥād*.", "grammar": { "*whinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʾānōkî*": "1cs independent pronoun - I", "*hôlēk*": "qal participle ms - going", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*derek*": "feminine singular construct - way of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*wîdaʿtem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you know", "*ləḇaḇkem*": "masculine singular noun + 2mp suffix - your heart", "*nap̄šəkem*": "feminine singular noun + 2mp suffix - your soul", "*nāp̄al*": "qal perfect 3ms - fell/failed", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one", "*dəḇārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the words/things", "*ṭôḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective with definite article - the good", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3ms - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your God", "*kōl*": "noun with definite article - the all/everything", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they came/happened", "*nāp̄al*": "qal perfect 3ms - fell/failed" }, "variants": { "*whinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*hôlēk hayyôm bəderek kol-hāʾāreṣ*": "going today the way of all the earth/about to die/following the path of all humanity", "*nāp̄al*": "fell/failed/did not come to pass", "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter", "*dibber*": "spoke/promised/declared", "*kōl bāʾû*": "all have come/everything has happened/all have been fulfilled" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.23.15", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤א עֲלֵיכֶם֙ כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כֵּן֩ יָבִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הָרָ֔ע עַד־הַשְׁמִיד֣וֹ אוֹתְכֶ֗ם מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֤ה הַטּוֹבָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *whāyâ* as which *bāʾ* upon you all the *dāḇār* the *ṭôḇ* which *dibber* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* to you so *yāḇîʾ* *YHWH* upon you *ʾēt* all the *dāḇār* the *rāʿ* until *hašmîdô* you from over the *ʾădāmâ* the *ṭôḇâ* the *zōʾt* which *nātan* to you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*.", "grammar": { "*whāyâ*": "waw + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3ms - came/happened", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/thing", "*ṭôḇ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the good", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3ms - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your God", "*yāḇîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - he will bring", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/thing", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the evil/bad", "*hašmîdô*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - his destroying", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ground/land", "*ṭôḇâ*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the good", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative - this", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3ms - he gave" }, "variants": { "*whāyâ*": "and it will be/it shall come to pass", "*bāʾ*": "came/happened/was fulfilled", "*dāḇār ṭôḇ*": "good word/good promise/favorable thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/promised/declared", "*yāḇîʾ*": "will bring/will cause to come/will fulfill", "*dāḇār rāʿ*": "bad word/evil thing/calamity", "*hašmîdô*": "his destroying/exterminating/annihilating", "*ʾădāmâ ṭôḇâ*": "good land/fertile soil/productive ground" } }