Ps 78:43-51 : 43 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.43",
"source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃",
"text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*",
"grammar": {
"*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs",
"*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents",
"*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of",
"*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan"
},
"variants": {
"*śām*": "placed/set/established",
"*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens",
"*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles",
"*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.44",
"source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃",
"text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams",
"*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams",
"*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink"
},
"variants": {
"*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals",
"*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses",
"*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.45",
"source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃",
"text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*",
"grammar": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies",
"*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them",
"*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs",
"*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them"
},
"variants": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth",
"*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects",
"*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)",
"*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.46",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave",
"*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar",
"*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce",
"*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil",
"*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer",
"*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield",
"*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor",
"*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.47",
"source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃",
"text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*",
"grammar": {
"*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed",
"*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail",
"*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine",
"*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees",
"*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet"
},
"variants": {
"*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew",
"*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard",
"*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees",
"*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail"
}
}
48 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.48",
"source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up",
"*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail",
"*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts",
"*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle",
"*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up",
"*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock",
"*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions",
"*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts"
}
}
49 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.49",
"source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃",
"text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*",
"grammar": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of",
"*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils",
"*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow",
"*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger",
"*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble",
"*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of",
"*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of",
"*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness",
"*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose",
"*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow",
"*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement",
"*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction",
"*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge",
"*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction"
}
}
50 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.50",
"source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃",
"text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*",
"grammar": {
"*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path",
"*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way",
"*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger",
"*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared",
"*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death",
"*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life",
"*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life",
"*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague",
"*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up"
},
"variants": {
"*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared",
"*nātîb*": "path/way/track",
"*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath",
"*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back",
"*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves",
"*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures",
"*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease",
"*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered"
}
}
51 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.51",
"source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck",
"*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of",
"*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor",
"*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of",
"*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit",
"*bəkōr*": "firstborn",
"*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits",
"*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power",
"*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places",
"*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)"
}
}