10{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.10",
"source": "וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*û-Pharʿōh* *hiqrîḇ* *wa-yiśśəʾû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿênêhem* *wə-hinnēh* *Miṣrayim* *nōsēaʿ* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *məʾōd* *wa-yyiṣʿăqû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*û-Pharʿōh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Pharaoh",
"*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew near",
"*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they lifted up",
"*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*nōsēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - journeying/traveling",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were afraid",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much",
"*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out",
"*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*hiqrîḇ*": "drew near/approached",
"*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "and they lifted up/and they raised",
"*nōsēaʿ*": "journeying/marching/advancing (singular form with collective meaning)",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they were afraid/and they feared",
"*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out/and they called out"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.11",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־קְבָרִים֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם לְקַחְתָּ֖נוּ לָמ֣וּת בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְהוֹצִיאָ֖נוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yyōmrû* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *ha-mibblî* *ʾên*-*qəḇārîm* *bə-Miṣrayim* *ləqaḥtānû* *lāmûṯ* *ba-midbar* *mah*-*zōṯ* *ʿāśîṯā* *lānû* *lə-hôṣîʾānû* *mi-Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ha-mibblî*": "interrogative + preposition - is it because of no",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there are no",
"*qəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - graves",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*ləqaḥtānû*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - you have taken us",
"*lāmûṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to die",
"*ba-midbar*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness",
"*mah*": "interrogative - what",
"*zōṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done",
"*lānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - to us",
"*lə-hôṣîʾānû*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - to bring us out",
"*mi-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-mibblî ʾên-qəḇārîm*": "is it because there were no graves?/were there no graves?",
"*ləqaḥtānû*": "you have taken us/you have brought us",
"*lāmûṯ*": "to die/to perish",
"*ba-midbar*": "in the wilderness/in the desert",
"*mah-zōṯ ʿāśîṯā lānû*": "what is this you have done to us?",
"*lə-hôṣîʾānû*": "to bring us out/to lead us out"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.12",
"source": "הֲלֹא־זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבַּ֨רְנוּ אֵלֶ֤יךָ בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חֲדַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וְנַֽעַבְדָ֣ה אֶת־מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ עֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מִמֻּתֵ֖נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּֽר",
"text": "*hă-lōʾ*-*zeh* *ha-dāḇār* *ʾăšer* *dibbarnû* *ʾêleḵā* *ḇə-Miṣrayim* *lēʾmōr* *ḥădal* *mimmennû* *wə-naʿaḇdāh* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *kî* *ṭôḇ* *lānû* *ʿăḇōd* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mi-muṯēnû* *ba-midbār*",
"grammar": {
"*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ha-dāḇār*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the word/thing",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*dibbarnû*": "Piel perfect, 1st common plural - we spoke",
"*ʾêleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*ḇə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥădal*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - cease/leave",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - from us",
"*wə-naʿaḇdāh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us serve",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*lānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - for us",
"*ʿăḇōd*": "Qal infinitive construct - to serve",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*mi-muṯēnû*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - than our dying",
"*ba-midbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*hă-lōʾ-zeh ha-dāḇār*": "is this not the word/is this not the thing",
"*dibbarnû*": "we spoke/we told",
"*ḥădal mimmennû*": "leave us alone/cease from us",
"*wə-naʿaḇdāh*": "and let us serve/and we will serve",
"*ṭôḇ lānû*": "better for us/good for us",
"*ʿăḇōd ʾeṯ-Miṣrayim*": "to serve Egypt/to serve the Egyptians",
"*mi-muṯēnû*": "than our dying/than for us to die"
}
}