14{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.14",
"source": "וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə*-*lōʾ* *shāmēʿū* *wə*-*yaqshū* *ʾet*-*ʿorpām* like-*ʿōref* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînū* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not",
"*shāmēʿū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they listened",
"*wə-yaqshū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they hardened",
"*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - their neck",
"*kə-ʿōref*": "preposition with construct - like neck of",
"*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*heʾĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they believed",
"*ba-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - in YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God"
},
"variants": {
"*shāmēʿū*": "listened/obeyed/heeded",
"*yaqshū*": "hardened/stiffened",
"*ʿōref*": "neck/stubbornness",
"*heʾĕmînū*": "believed/trusted/had faith"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.15",
"source": "וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And they *māʾas* *ʾēt*-*ḥuqqāh* his, and *ʾēt*-*bᵊrît* his which he *kārat* *ʾēt*-fathers their, and *ʾēt*-*ʿēdût* his which he *ʿûd* against them; and they *hālak* after the *hebel* and they *hābal*, and after the *gôy* which around them, which *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* to not *ʿāśâ* like them.",
"grammar": {
"*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected/despised",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥuqqāh*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes/decrees",
"*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant",
"*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made [covenant]",
"*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his testimonies/witnesses",
"*ʿûd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he testified/witnessed",
"*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked/went",
"*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vanity/emptiness",
"*hābal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they became vain/worthless",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations/gentiles",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse",
"*ḥuqqāh*": "statutes/decrees/laws",
"*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty",
"*kārat*": "cut/make [covenant]/establish",
"*ʿēdût*": "testimonies/witnesses/warnings",
"*ʿûd*": "testify/witness/warn",
"*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/idols",
"*hābal*": "become vain/worthless/act foolishly",
"*gôy*": "nations/gentiles/peoples"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.16",
"source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃",
"text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made",
"*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol",
"*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree",
"*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped",
"*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave",
"*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods",
"*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue",
"*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess",
"*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for",
"*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.17",
"source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire",
"*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination",
"*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations",
"*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments",
"*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling",
"*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles",
"*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs",
"*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves",
"*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong",
"*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger"
}
}