10{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.10",
"source": "וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה ל֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑ת ס וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃",
"text": "And *ʿămāśāʾ* not-*šāmar* in the-*ḥerev* which in *yad*-*yôʾāv*, and *nāḵâ*-him with-it to-the-*ḥōmeš* and *šāpaḵ* *mēʿâw* *ʾarṣâ* and not-*šānâ* to-him and *mût*; and *yôʾāv* and *ʾăvîšay* *ʾāḥ*-his *rādap* *ʾaḥărê* *šebaʿ* *ben*-*bikrî*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amasa",
"*šāmar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was not on guard",
"*ḥerev*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sword",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*nāḵâ*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he struck him",
"*ḥōmeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the belly/fifth rib",
"*šāpaḵ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he poured out",
"*mēʿâw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his intestines",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to the ground",
"*šānâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he repeated",
"*mût*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*ʾăvîšay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abishai",
"*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*rādap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he pursued",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*šebaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheba",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*bikrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Bichri"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmar*": "was on guard/watched/was careful",
"*nāḵâ*": "struck/hit/smote",
"*ḥōmeš*": "belly/abdomen/fifth rib",
"*šāpaḵ*": "poured out/spilled/shed",
"*mēʿâw*": "intestines/bowels/inner parts",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward/down",
"*šānâ*": "repeated/struck again/did a second time",
"*mût*": "died/expired"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.11",
"source": "וְאִישׁ֙ עָמַ֣ד עָלָ֔יו מִֽנַּעֲרֵ֖י יוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָפֵ֧ץ בְּיוֹאָ֛ב וּמִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־לְדָוִ֖ד אַחֲרֵ֥י יוֹאָֽב׃",
"text": "And *ʾîš* *ʿāmad* over-him from-*naʿar*-*yôʾāv* and *ʾāmar*, Who that *ḥāpēṣ* in-*yôʾāv* and who that-for-*dāwid* *ʾaḥărê* *yôʾāv*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - a man",
"*ʿāmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine plural construct - young men of",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ḥāpēṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - delights/favors",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*": "man/one/each",
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/remained/took his stand",
"*naʿar*": "young men/servants/attendants",
"*ḥāpēṣ*": "delights in/favors/is pleased with",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "after/behind/following"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.12",
"source": "וַעֲמָשָׂ֛א מִתְגֹּלֵ֥ל בַּדָּ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הַֽמְסִּלָּ֑ה וַיַּ֨רְא הָאִ֜ישׁ כִּֽי־עָמַ֣ד כָּל־הָעָ֗ם וַיַּסֵּב֩ אֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֨א מִן־הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ בֶּ֔גֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאָ֔ה כָּל־הַבָּ֥א עָלָ֖יו וְעָמָֽד׃",
"text": "And *ʿămāśāʾ* *mitgôlēl* in the-*dām* in *tāweḵ* the-*mᵉsillâ*; and *rāʾâ* the-*ʾîš* that-*ʿāmad* all-the-*ʿām*, and *sāvav* *ʾet*-*ʿămāśāʾ* from-the-*mᵉsillâ* the-*śādeh* and *šālaḵ* upon-him *beged*, when *rāʾâ* all-the-*bôʾ* upon-him and *ʿāmad*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amasa",
"*mitgôlēl*": "hithpael participle, masculine singular - wallowing",
"*dām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the blood",
"*tāweḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - middle of",
"*mᵉsillâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the highway",
"*rāʾâ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*ʿāmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*sāvav*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed",
"*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amasa",
"*mᵉsillâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the highway",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*šālaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he threw",
"*beged*": "noun, masculine singular - garment",
"*rāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saw",
"*bôʾ*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - the one coming",
"*ʿāmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood"
},
"variants": {
"*mitgôlēl*": "wallowing/rolling about/writhing",
"*dām*": "blood/bloodshed",
"*tāweḵ*": "middle/midst/among",
"*mᵉsillâ*": "highway/road/pathway",
"*rāʾâ*": "saw/noticed/observed",
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/halted/stayed",
"*sāvav*": "removed/turned aside/carried away",
"*śādeh*": "field/country/open land",
"*šālaḵ*": "threw/cast/flung",
"*beged*": "garment/clothing/covering",
"*bôʾ*": "coming/arriving/approaching"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.13",
"source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹגָ֖ה מִן־הַֽמְסִּלָּ֑ה עָבַ֤ר כָּל־אִישׁ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב לִרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃",
"text": "When *hāgâ* from-the-*mᵉsillâ*, *ʿāvar* all-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥărê* *yôʾāv* to *rādap* *ʾaḥărê* *šebaʿ* *ben*-*bikrî*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāgâ*": "hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was removed",
"*mᵉsillâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the highway",
"*ʿāvar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - passed on",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*rādap*": "qal infinitive construct - to pursue",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*šebaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheba",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*bikrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Bichri"
},
"variants": {
"*hāgâ*": "was removed/taken away",
"*mᵉsillâ*": "highway/road/pathway",
"*ʿāvar*": "passed on/went over/crossed",
"*rādap*": "pursue/chase/follow after"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.14",
"source": "וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֞ר בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָבֵ֛לָה וּבֵ֥ית מַעֲכָ֖ה וְכָל־הַבֵּרִ֑ים ס *ויקלהו **וַיִּקָּ֣הֲל֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַף־אַחֲרָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *ʿāvar* in all-*šēveṭ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾāvēlâ* and *bêt* *maʿăḵâ* and all-the-*bērîm*; and *qāhal* and *bôʾ* also-*ʾaḥărê*-him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāvar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he passed through",
"*šēveṭ*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾāvēlâ*": "proper noun - Abel",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*maʿăḵâ*": "proper noun - Maacah",
"*bērîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Berites",
"*qāhal*": "niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they gathered",
"*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāvar*": "passed through/went through/traversed",
"*šēveṭ*": "tribes/clans/divisions",
"*ʾāvēlâ*": "Abel (place name)",
"*bêt*": "house/family/place",
"*bērîm*": "Berites (name of people or region)",
"*qāhal*": "gathered/assembled/came together"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.15",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ סֹֽלְלָה֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּחֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם לְהַפִּ֥יל הַחוֹמָֽה׃",
"text": "And *bôʾ* and *ṣûr* upon-him in-*ʾāvēlâ* *bêt* ha-*maʿăḵâ*, and *šāpaḵ* *sōlᵉlâ* to-the-*ʿîr* and *ʿāmad* in the-*ḥēl*; and all-the-*ʿām* which *ʾēt*-*yôʾāv* *šāḥat* to *nāpal* the-*ḥômâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came",
"*ṣûr*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they besieged",
"*ʾāvēlâ*": "proper noun - Abel",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*maʿăḵâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Maacah",
"*šāpaḵ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they poured out",
"*sōlᵉlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - siege ramp",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*ʿāmad*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it stood",
"*ḥēl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the rampart",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*šāḥat*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural - destroying",
"*nāpal*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall",
"*ḥômâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the wall"
},
"variants": {
"*bôʾ*": "came/arrived/entered",
"*ṣûr*": "besieged/pressed/shut in",
"*šāpaḵ*": "poured out/heaped up/built",
"*sōlᵉlâ*": "siege ramp/embankment/mound",
"*ʿîr*": "city/town",
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/was positioned/remained",
"*ḥēl*": "rampart/outer wall/fortress",
"*šāḥat*": "destroying/ruining/damaging",
"*nāpal*": "cause to fall/bring down/overthrow",
"*ḥômâ*": "wall/rampart/barrier"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.16",
"source": "וַתִּקְרָ֛א אִשָּׁ֥ה חֲכָמָ֖ה מִן־הָעִ֑יר שִׁמְע֤וּ שִׁמְעוּ֙ אִמְרוּ־נָ֣א אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב קְרַ֣ב עַד־הֵ֔נָּה וַאֲדַבְּרָ֖ה אֵלֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "And *qārāʾ* *ʾiššâ* *ḥăḵāmâ* from-the-*ʿîr*: *šāmaʿ*, *šāmaʿ*, *ʾāmar*-please to-*yôʾāv*, *qārav* until-here and *dāvar* to-you.",
"grammar": {
"*qārāʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she called",
"*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman",
"*ḥăḵāmâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - wise",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*qārav*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - come near",
"*dāvar*": "piel imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me speak",
"to-you": "2nd masculine singular preposition suffix"
},
"variants": {
"*qārāʾ*": "called/proclaimed/summoned",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife/female",
"*ḥăḵāmâ*": "wise/skilled/experienced",
"*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey",
"*ʾāmar*": "say/tell/speak",
"*qārav*": "come near/approach/draw near",
"*dāvar*": "speak/talk/say"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.17",
"source": "וַיִּקְרַ֣ב אֵלֶ֔יהָ וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֛ה הַאַתָּ֥ה יוֹאָ֖ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָ֑נִי וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ שְׁמַע֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שֹׁמֵ֥עַ אָנֹֽכִי׃",
"text": "And *qārav* to-her and *ʾāmar* the-*ʾiššâ*, *hă*-*ʾattâ* *yôʾāv*? And *ʾāmar*, I; and *ʾāmar* to-him, *šāmaʿ* *dāvār* *ʾāmâ*-your. And *ʾāmar*, *šōmēaʿ* I.",
"grammar": {
"*qārav*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he came near",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman",
"*hă*": "interrogative particle - is?",
"*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you",
"*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - hear",
"*dāvār*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*ʾāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your maidservant",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*šōmēaʿ*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - hearing"
},
"variants": {
"*qārav*": "came near/approached/drew near",
"*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/uttered",
"*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/pay attention to",
"*dāvār*": "words/sayings/speech",
"*ʾāmâ*": "maidservant/handmaid/female servant",
"*šōmēaʿ*": "hearing/listening/paying attention"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.20.18",
"source": "וַתֹּ֖אמֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר דַּבֵּ֨ר יְדַבְּר֤וּ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁאֹ֧ל יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ בְּאָבֵ֖ל וְכֵ֥ן הֵתַֽמּוּ׃",
"text": "And *ʾāmar* *lēʾmōr*, *dāvar* *dāvar* in the-*riʾšônâ* *lēʾmōr*, *šāʾal* *šāʾal* in-*ʾāvēlâ* and thus *tāmam*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*dāvar*": "piel infinitive absolute - speak",
"*dāvar*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would speak",
"*riʾšônâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the first/former",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*šāʾal*": "qal infinitive absolute - ask",
"*šāʾal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would ask",
"*ʾāvēlâ*": "proper noun - Abel",
"*tāmam*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they would end/finish"
},
"variants": {
"*dāvar*": "speak/talk/utter",
"*riʾšônâ*": "first/former/previous",
"*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/consult",
"*tāmam*": "end/finish/complete/settle the matter"
}
}