Exod 19:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.1",
"source": "בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לְצֵ֥את בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בָּ֖אוּ מִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃",
"text": "In *ḥōdeš* the *šəlîšî* to *ṣeʾt* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* from *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* in *yôm* the *zeh* *bāʾû* *midbār* *sînāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - month",
"*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular - third",
"*ṣeʾt*": "infinitive construct of *yāṣāʾ* - to go out/depart",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this",
"*bāʾû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural - they came",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of",
"*sînāy*": "proper noun - Sinai"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon",
"*ṣeʾt*": "going out/departure/exodus",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.2",
"source": "וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵרְפִידִ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיִּֽחַן־שָׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נֶ֥גֶד הָהָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yissəʿû* from *rəpîdîm* *wə-yābōʾû* *midbār* *sînay* *wə-yaḥănû* in the *midbār* *wə-yiḥan*-there *yiśrāʾēl* opposite the *hār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yissəʿû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they journeyed/set out",
"*rəpîdîm*": "proper noun - Rephidim",
"*wə-yābōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they came",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of",
"*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai",
"*wə-yaḥănû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped/encamped",
"*wə-yiḥan*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd singular - and he/it camped",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiḥan*": "and he camped/and it [Israel as a unified entity] camped",
"*hār*": "mountain/hill/elevated area"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.3",
"source": "וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה עָלָ֖ה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ מִן־הָהָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֤ה תֹאמַר֙ לְבֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְתַגֵּ֖יד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *mōšeh* *ʿālāh* to the *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiqrāʾ* to him *YHWH* from the *hār* *lēʾmōr* thus *tōʾmar* to *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* *wə-taggêd* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʿālāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up/ascended",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying/to say",
"*tōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*wə-taggêd*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall tell/declare",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he proclaimed",
"*bêt yaʿăqōb*": "house of Jacob/Jacob's household/descendants of Jacob"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.4",
"source": "אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְמִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים וָאָבִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃",
"text": "*ʾattem* *rəʾîtem* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśîtî* to *miṣrāyim* *wā-ʾeśśāʾ* *ʾetkem* on *kanpê* *nəšārîm* *wā-ʾābîʾ* *ʾetkem* to me.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*rəʾîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have seen",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*ʿāśîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st singular - I did/I have done",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I carried/bore",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*kanpê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wings of",
"*nəšārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - eagles/vultures",
"*wā-ʾābîʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I brought",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you"
},
"variants": {
"*nəšārîm*": "eagles/vultures/large birds of prey",
"*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "and I carried/and I bore/and I lifted"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.5",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*wə-ʿattāh* if *šāmôaʿ* *tišməʿû* in *qôlî* *û-šmartem* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *wî-hyîtem* to me *səgullāh* from all the *ʿammîm* for to me [is] all the *ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*šāmôaʿ*": "infinitive absolute - hearing",
"*tišməʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will hear/listen/obey",
"*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my voice",
"*û-šmartem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will keep/observe",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bərîtî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant",
"*wî-hyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will be",
"*səgullāh*": "noun, feminine singular - special possession/treasure",
"*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - peoples/nations",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmôaʿ tišməʿû*": "you will surely hear/listen/obey (emphatic construction)",
"*səgullāh*": "special possession/treasured possession/personal property",
"*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.6",
"source": "וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾattem* *tihyû*-to me *mamleḵet* *kōhănîm* *wə-gôy* *qādôš* these the *dəbārîm* *ʾăšer* *tədabbēr* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you",
"*tihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be",
"*mamleḵet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of",
"*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests",
"*wə-gôy*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and nation",
"*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy/set apart",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*tədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall speak",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*mamleḵet kōhănîm*": "kingdom of priests/priestly kingdom",
"*gôy qādôš*": "holy nation/set-apart people",
"*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.7",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֖א לְזִקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yābōʾ* *mōšeh* *wə-yiqrāʾ* to *ziqnê* the *ʿām* *wə-yāśem* before them *ʾēt* all the *dəbārîm* the these *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*wə-yāśem*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he placed/set",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*ṣiwwāhû*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he commanded him",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)"
},
"variants": {
"*ziqnê*": "elders/older men/leaders",
"*wə-yāśem*": "and he placed/and he set/and he laid out",
"*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.8",
"source": "וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֤ם יַחְדָּו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וַיָּ֧שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yaʿănû* all the *ʿām* *yaḥdāw* *wə-yōʾmərû* all *ʾăšer*-*dibbēr* *YHWH* *naʿăśeh* *wə-yāšeb* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the *ʿām* to *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿănû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they answered",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/united",
"*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they said",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*naʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - we will do",
"*wə-yāšeb*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought back/returned",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/in unison/united",
"*naʿăśeh*": "we will do/we will perform/we will obey",
"*wə-yāšeb*": "and he returned/and he brought back/and he reported"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י בָּ֣א אֵלֶיךָ֮ בְּעַ֣ב הֶֽעָנָן֒ בַּעֲב֞וּר יִשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ בְּדַבְּרִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ וְגַם־בְּךָ֖ יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לְעוֹלָ֑ם וַיַּגֵּ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *bāʾ* to you in *ʿab* the *ʿānān* for *baʿăbûr* *yišmaʿ* the *ʿām* in *dabbərî* with you and also in you *yaʾămînû* to *ʿôlām* *wə-yaggēd* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the *ʿām* to *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I",
"*bāʾ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - coming",
"*ʿab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - thickness of",
"*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the cloud",
"*baʿăbûr*": "preposition + noun - for the sake of/so that",
"*yišmaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will hear",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*dabbərî*": "verb, piel infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - my speaking",
"*yaʾămînû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will believe/trust",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever",
"*wə-yaggēd*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he told",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿab he-ʿānān*": "thick cloud/dense cloud",
"*baʿăbûr*": "for the sake of/so that/in order that",
"*yaʾămînû* *lə-ʿôlām*": "they will believe forever/they will trust perpetually"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.10",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֑ר וְכִבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *lēḵ* to the *ʿām* *wə-qiddaštām* the *yôm* and *māḥār* *wə-ḵibbəsû* *śimlōtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*lēḵ*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*wə-qiddaštām*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you shall sanctify/consecrate them",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day/today",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*wə-ḵibbəsû*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall wash",
"*śimlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-qiddaštām*": "and consecrate them/and sanctify them/and prepare them",
"*yôm* and *māḥār*": "today and tomorrow/this day and the next",
"*śimlōtām*": "their garments/their clothes/their outer garments"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.11",
"source": "וְהָי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י כִּ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י יֵרֵ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם עַל־הַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyû* *nəḵōnîm* for the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* for in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* *yērēd* *YHWH* to *ʿênê* all the *ʿām* on *har* *sînāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall be",
"*nəḵōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - ready/prepared",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day",
"*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third",
"*yērēd*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will come down/descend",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - eyes of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*sînāy*": "proper noun - Sinai"
},
"variants": {
"*nəḵōnîm*": "ready/prepared/established",
"*yērēd*": "will come down/will descend",
"*lə-ʿênê*": "in the sight of/before the eyes of"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.12",
"source": "וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃",
"text": "*wə-higbaltā* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* *sābîb* *lēʾmōr* *hiššāmərû* to you *ʿălôt* in the *hār* and *nəgōaʿ* in *qāṣēhû* all the *nōgēaʿ* in the *hār* *môt* *yûmāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-higbaltā*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall set bounds",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*hiššāmərû*": "verb, niphal imperative 2nd masculine plural - be careful/take heed",
"*ʿălôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to go up/ascend",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*nəgōaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to touch",
"*qāṣēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its edge/border",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular (with definite article) - the one touching",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*môt*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - dying",
"*yûmāt*": "verb, hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be put to death"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-higbaltā*": "and set bounds/and set limits/and mark off boundaries",
"*hiššāmərû*": "take heed/be careful/guard yourselves",
"*môt yûmāt*": "he shall surely be put to death (emphatic construction)"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.13",
"source": "לֹא־תִגַּ֨ע בּ֜וֹ יָ֗ד כִּֽי־סָק֤וֹל יִסָּקֵל֙ אוֹ־יָרֹ֣ה יִיָּרֶ֔ה אִם־בְּהֵמָ֥ה אִם־אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יִחְיֶ֑ה בִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הַיֹּבֵ֔ל הֵ֖מָּה יַעֲל֥וּ בָהָֽר׃",
"text": "Not *tiggaʿ* in him *yād* for *sāqôl* *yissāqēl* or *yārōh* *yiyyāreh* if *bəhēmāh* if *ʾîš* not *yiḥyeh* in *mišōḵ* the *yōbēl* they *yaʿălû* in the *hār*.",
"grammar": {
"*tiggaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will touch",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand",
"*sāqôl*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - stoning",
"*yissāqēl*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be stoned",
"*yārōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - shooting",
"*yiyyāreh*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be shot",
"*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*yiḥyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live",
"*mišōḵ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - drawing out/sounding long",
"*yōbēl*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet",
"*yaʿălû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will go up",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*sāqôl yissāqēl*": "he shall surely be stoned (emphatic construction)",
"*yārōh yiyyāreh*": "he shall surely be shot with arrows (emphatic construction)",
"*yōbēl*": "ram's horn/trumpet/jubilee horn"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.14",
"source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִן־הָהָ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וַיְקַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְכַבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yēred* *mōšeh* from the *hār* to the *ʿām* *wə-yəqaddēš* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* *wə-yəḵabbəsû* *śimlōtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*wə-yəqaddēš*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sanctified",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*wə-yəḵabbəsû*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they washed",
"*śimlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yəqaddēš*": "and he sanctified/and he consecrated/and he prepared",
"*wə-yəḵabbəsû*": "and they washed/and they cleansed",
"*śimlōtām*": "their garments/their clothes/their outer garments"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.15",
"source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם הֱי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים אַֽל־תִּגְּשׁ֖וּ אֶל־אִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to the *ʿām* *hĕyû* *nəḵōnîm* for *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* not *tiggəšû* to *ʾiššāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*hĕyû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - be",
"*nəḵōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - ready/prepared",
"*šəlōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - three of",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*tiggəšû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall come near/approach",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife"
},
"variants": {
"*nəḵōnîm*": "ready/prepared/set",
"*tiggəšû*": "come near/approach/go near",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.16",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yhî* in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* in *bihyōt* the *bōqer* *wə-yhî* *qōlōt* and *bərāqîm* and *ʿānān* *kābēd* on the *hār* and *qōl* *šōpār* *ḥāzāq* very and *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *ʿām* *ʾăšer* in the *maḥăneh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day",
"*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third",
"*bihyōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - at the being of",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the morning",
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and there were",
"*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - voices/thunders",
"*bərāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lightnings",
"*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud",
"*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/thick",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*šōpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet",
"*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong",
"*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp"
},
"variants": {
"*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds",
"*ʿānān kābēd*": "thick cloud/dense cloud/heavy cloud",
"*šōpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.17",
"source": "וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yôṣēʾ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* to *liqraʾt* the *ʾĕlōhîm* from the *maḥăneh* *wə-yityaṣṣəbû* in *taḥtît* the *hār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yôṣēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp",
"*wə-yityaṣṣəbû*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stationed themselves",
"*taḥtît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - lower part/foot of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*taḥtît*": "foot/base/lower part"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.18",
"source": "וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *har* *sînay* *ʿāšan* all of it from *mippənê* *ʾăšer* *yārad* upon it *YHWH* in the *ʾēš* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿăšānô* like *ʿešen* the *kibšān* *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *hār* greatly.",
"grammar": {
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai",
"*ʿāšan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked",
"*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up",
"*ʿăšānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke",
"*ʿešen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of",
"*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace",
"*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāšan*": "smoked/was smoking",
"*mippənê*": "from the presence of/because of",
"*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln/smelting furnace"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.19",
"source": "וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*wə-yhî* *qôl* the *šôpār* *hôlēḵ* and *ḥāzēq* very *mōšeh* *yədabbēr* and the *ʾĕlōhîm* *yaʿănennu* in *qôl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it was/became",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet",
"*hôlēḵ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going/continuing",
"*ḥāzēq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*yədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - was speaking",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods",
"*yaʿănennu*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - would answer him",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlēḵ wə-ḥāzēq*": "growing louder and louder/increasing in volume and strength",
"*yədabbēr*": "was speaking/would speak",
"*bə-qôl*": "with a voice/audibly/with sound"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.19.20",
"source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־הַ֥ר סִינַ֖י אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוָ֧ה לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָ֖ר וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶֽׁה׃",
"text": "*wə-yēred* *YHWH* on *har* *sînay* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yiqrāʾ* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yaʿal* *mōšeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʾš*": "top/summit/peak",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he summoned",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "and he went up/and he ascended"
}
}