Deuteronomy 24:15

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.15", "source": "בְּיוֹמוֹ֩ תִתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָר֜וֹ וְֽלֹא־תָב֧וֹא עָלָ֣יו הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י עָנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵלָ֕יו ה֥וּא נֹשֵׂ֖א אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃", "text": "In his day *tittēn* his *śəkārô* and not *tābôʾ* upon him *haššemeš*, for *ʿānî* *hûʾ* and to it *hûʾ* *nōśēʾ* *ʾet*-his *napšô*; and not *yiqrāʾ* against you to *YHWH* and *hāyâ* in you *ḥēṭə*.", "grammar": { "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*śəkārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wages", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it sets", "*haššemeš*": "definite feminine singular noun - the sun", "*ʿānî*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*nōśēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - lifting/setting", "*napšô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he calls/cries out", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*ḥēṭə*": "masculine singular noun - sin" }, "variants": { "*nōśēʾ* *ʾet*-his *napšô*": "sets his heart upon it/lifts his soul to it/depends on it for his life", "*yiqrāʾ* against you to *YHWH*": "cry out against you to YHWH/call to YHWH about you" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בְּיוֹמוֹ֩ תִתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָר֜וֹ וְֽלֹא־תָב֧וֹא עָלָ֣יו הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י עָנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵלָ֕יו ה֥וּא נֹשֵׂ֖א אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃

Transliteration

In his day tittēn his śəkārô and not tābôʾ upon him haššemeš, for ʿānî hûʾ and to it hûʾ nōśēʾ ʾet-his napšô; and not yiqrāʾ against you to YHWH and hāyâ in you ḥēṭə.

Grammar Details

• *tittēn*: qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give
• *śəkārô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wages
• *tābôʾ*: qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it sets
• *haššemeš*: definite feminine singular noun - the sun
• *ʿānî*: adjective masculine singular - poor/afflicted
• *hûʾ*: 3rd masculine singular pronoun - he
• *nōśēʾ*: qal participle masculine singular - lifting/setting
• *napšô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life
• *yiqrāʾ*: qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he calls/cries out
• *hāyâ*: qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be
• *ḥēṭə*: masculine singular noun - sin

Word Meanings

• *nōśēʾ* *ʾet*-his *napšô*: sets his heart upon it/lifts his soul to it/depends on it for his life
• *yiqrāʾ* against you to *YHWH*: cry out against you to YHWH/call to YHWH about you

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Pay them their wages each day before sunset, because they are poor and depend on it. Otherwise, they may cry out to the LORD against you, and you will be guilty of sin.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  You shall give him his wages on the same day, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it: lest he cry against you to the LORD, and it be sin to you.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  in his day{H3117} thou shalt give{H5414} him his hire,{H7939} neither shall the sun{H8121} go down{H935} upon it; for he is poor,{H6041} and setteth{H5375} his heart{H5315} upon it: lest he cry{H7121} against thee unto Jehovah,{H3068} and it be sin{H2399} unto thee.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  At his day{H3117} thou shalt give{H5414}{(H8799)} him his hire{H7939}, neither shall the sun{H8121} go down{H935}{(H8799)} upon it; for he is poor{H6041}, and setteth{H5375}{(H8802)} his heart{H5315} upon it: lest he cry{H7121}{(H8799)} against thee unto the LORD{H3068}, and it be sin{H2399} unto thee.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Geue him his hyre the same daye, and let not the sonne goo doune thereon. For he is nedye ad therewith susteyneth his life, lest he crye agenst the vnto the Lorde ad it be synne vnto the.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  or within thy gates, but shalt geue him his hyre the same daye, that the Sonne go not downe theron, for so moch as he is nedye, and his life susteyned therwith: that he call not vpon the LORDE agaynst the, and it be synne vnto the.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou shalt giue him his hire for his day, neither shall the sunne goe downe vpon it: for he is poore, and therewith susteineth his life: lest he crye against thee vnto the Lorde, and it be sinne vnto thee.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But shalt geue him his hyre the same day, & let not the sunne go downe theron, for he is needie, and therwith sustayneth his life: lest he crye against thee vnto the Lorde, and it be sinne vnto thee.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  At his day thou shalt give [him] his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he [is] poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  in his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down on it; for he is poor, and sets his heart on it: lest he cry against you to Yahweh, and it be sin to you.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  in his day thou dost give his hire, and the sun doth not go in upon it, for he `is' poor, and unto it he is lifting up his soul, and he doth not cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee -- sin.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  in his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it be sin unto thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  in his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto Jehovah, and it be sin unto thee.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Give him his payment day by day, not keeping it back over night; for he is poor and his living is dependent on it; and if his cry against you comes to the ears of the Lord, it will be judged as sin in you.

• World English Bible (2000)

  in his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down on it; for he is poor, and sets his heart on it: lest he cry against you to Yahweh, and it be sin to you.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You must pay his wage that very day before the sun sets, for he is poor and his life depends on it. Otherwise he will cry out to the LORD against you, and you will be guilty of sin.

Referenced Verses

• Jas 5:4 : 4 { "verseID": "James.5.4", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν τῶν ἀμησάντων τὰς χώρας ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀπεστερημένος ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, κράζει: καὶ αἱ βοαὶ τῶν θερισάντων εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ εἰσεληλύθασιν.", "text": "*Idou*, the *misthos* of the *ergatōn tōn amēsantōn* the *chōras* of you, the *apesterēmenos aph'* you, *krazei*: and the *boai tōn therisantōn eis* the *ōta Kyriou Sabaōth eiselēlythasin*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*misthos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*ergatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*chōras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - fields/lands", "*apesterēmenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been withheld/defrauded", "*aph'*": "preposition + genitive - from/by", "*krazei*": "present active, 3rd singular - cries out/shouts", "*boai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - cries/shouts", "*therisantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to", "*ōta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - ears", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Sabaōth*": "genitive - of hosts/armies (untranslated Hebrew term)", "*eiselēlythasin*": "perfect active, 3rd plural - have entered/come into" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*misthos*": "wages/payment/reward", "*ergatōn*": "workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "having harvested/reaped/mowed", "*chōras*": "fields/lands/regions", "*apesterēmenos*": "having been withheld/defrauded/kept back by fraud", "*krazei*": "cries out/shouts/calls loudly", "*boai*": "cries/shouts/outcries", "*therisantōn*": "having harvested/reaped (can refer specifically to grain harvest)", "*Sabaōth*": "of hosts/armies (Hebrew military term)" } }
• Lev 19:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Leviticus.19.13", "source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר", "text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăšōq* *ʾeṯ*-*rēʿăḵā* *wə-lōʾ* *ṯigzōl* *lōʾ*-*ṯālîn* *pəʿullaṯ* *śāḵîr* *ʾittəḵā* *ʿaḏ*-*bōqer*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaʿăšōq*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall oppress", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*rēʿăḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯigzōl*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall rob", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯālîn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it shall remain overnight", "*pəʿullaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wages of", "*śāḵîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired worker", "*ʾittəḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning" }, "variants": { "*ṯaʿăšōq*": "oppress/exploit/defraud", "*ṯigzōl*": "rob/steal/plunder/seize", "*ṯālîn*": "remain overnight/stay the night/be kept overnight", "*pəʿullaṯ*": "wages/payment/compensation" } }
• Deut 15:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.15.9", "source": "הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֽ͏ֵינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן ל֑וֹ וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃", "text": "*šāmar* to you lest-*hāyāh* *dāḇār* with-your *lēḇāḇ* *bəliyyaʿal* *lēʾmōr* is approaching *šānaṯ*-the *šeḇaʿ* *šānaṯ* the *šəmiṭṭāh*, and *rāʿāh* your *ʿayin* against your *ʾāḥ* the *ʾeḇyôn* and not you *nāṯan* to him, and he *qārāʾ* against you to-*YHWH*, and *hāyāh* in you *ḥēṭəʾ*.", "grammar": { "*šāmar*": "niphal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - guard yourself", "*hāyāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*lēḇāḇ*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your heart", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to say", "*šānaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*šeḇaʿ*": "definite numeral - the seven", "*šānaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*šəmiṭṭāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the release", "*rāʿāh*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - will be evil", "*ʿayin*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - your eye", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your brother", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - the needy", "*nāṯan*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you give", "*qārāʾ*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will call", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*ḥēṭəʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - sin" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "guard/take heed/beware", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/thought", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/baseness", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/thinking", "*rāʿāh*": "be evil/be displeased/look unfavorably", "*qārāʾ*": "call/cry out/call upon", "*ḥēṭəʾ*": "sin/guilt/fault" } }
• Jer 22:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.13", "source": "׃22 13 ה֣וֹי בֹּנֶ֤ה בֵיתוֹ֙ בְּֽלֹא־צֶ֔דֶק וַעֲלִיּוֹתָ֖יו בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֑ט בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יַעֲבֹ֣ד חִנָּ֔ם וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hôy* *bōneh* *bêtô* with no *ṣedeq* and *ʿăliyyôtāyw* with no *mišpāṭ*, with *rēʿēhû* *yaʿăbōd* *ḥinnām* and *pōʿŏlô* not *yitten-lô*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*bōneh*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - building", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*bᵉ-lōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no/without", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*wa-ʿăliyyôtāyw*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his upper chambers", "*bᵉ-lōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no/without", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*bᵉ-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his neighbor", "*yaʿăbōd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he makes work", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without pay/for nothing", "*û-pōʿŏlô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his wages", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yitten-lô*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he gives to him" }, "variants": { "*hôy*": "woe/alas", "*bōneh*": "building/constructing", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/right", "*ʿăliyyôtāyw*": "his upper chambers/upper rooms", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right", "*yaʿăbōd*": "he makes work/employs/uses service of", "*ḥinnām*": "without pay/for nothing/freely", "*pōʿŏlô*": "his wages/payment/work" } }
• Prov 3:27-28 : 27 { "verseID": "Proverbs.3.27", "source": "אַל־תִּמְנַע־ט֥וֹב מִבְּעָלָ֑יו בִּהְי֨וֹת לְאֵ֖ל *ידיך **יָדְךָ֣ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃", "text": "Not-*timnaʿ*-*ṭôb* from-*bəʿālāyw* in-*bihyôt* to-*ʾēl* *yādəkā* to-*laʿăśôt*", "grammar": { "*timnaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - may you withhold", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*bəʿālāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its owners", "*bihyôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - in being/when it is", "*ʾēl*": "preposition - to/toward/regarding", "*yādəkā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to do" }, "variants": { "*timnaʿ*": "withhold/keep back/restrain", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/benefit", "*bəʿālāyw*": "owners/masters/those entitled to it", "*ʾēl*": "power/might/strength", "*yādəkā*": "hand/power/ability", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/to make/to accomplish" } } 28 { "verseID": "Proverbs.3.28", "source": "אַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר *לרעיך **לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨ ׀ לֵ֣ךְ וָ֭שׁוּב וּמָחָ֥ר אֶתֵּ֗ן וְיֵ֣שׁ אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "Not-*tōʾmar* to-*rēʿăkā* *lēk* and-*šûb* and-*māḥār* *ʾettēn* and-there is with-you", "grammar": { "*tōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - may you say", "*rēʿăkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*lēk*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*šûb*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - return", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*ʾettēn*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give" }, "variants": { "*tōʾmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*rēʿăkā*": "neighbor/friend/companion", "*lēk*": "go/walk/proceed", "*šûb*": "return/turn back/come again", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in future", "*ʾettēn*": "give/grant/bestow" } }
• Exod 22:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.23", "source": "וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְהָי֤וּ נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ אַלְמָנ֔וֹת וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃", "text": "And *wĕḥārâ ʾappî*, and *wĕhāragtî* you with *ḥāreb*, and *wĕhāyû nĕšêkem ʾalmānôt* and *bĕnêkem yĕtōmîm*.", "grammar": { "*wĕḥārâ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it will burn'", "*ʾappî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st common singular suffix, 'my anger'", "*wĕhāragtî*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st common singular, 'and I will kill'", "*ḥāreb*": "feminine singular noun, 'sword'", "*wĕhāyû*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural, 'and they will be'", "*nĕšêkem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'your wives'", "*ʾalmānôt*": "feminine plural noun, 'widows'", "*bĕnêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'your sons'", "*yĕtōmîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'orphans/fatherless'" }, "variants": { "*wĕḥārâ ʾappî*": "my anger will burn/I will become angry", "*wĕhāragtî*": "I will kill/slay/put to death" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.24", "source": "אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה ל֖וֹ כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃", "text": "If *kesef talweh ʾet*-my *ʿammî*, *ʾet*-the *ʿānî* with you, not *tihyeh* to him like *nōšeh*; not *tĕśîmûn* on him *nešek*.", "grammar": { "*kesef*": "masculine singular noun, 'silver/money'", "*talweh*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you lend'", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st common singular suffix, 'my people'", "*ʿānî*": "definite masculine singular adjective, 'poor'", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you shall be'", "*nōšeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular, 'creditor/one who lends'", "*tĕśîmûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall put'", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun, 'interest/usury'" }, "variants": { "*talweh*": "lend/loan", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/money-lender/usurer", "*nešek*": "interest/usury" } }
• Job 35:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.35.9", "source": "מֵ֭רֹב עֲשׁוּקִ֣ים יַזְעִ֑יקוּ יְשַׁוְּע֖וּ מִזְּר֣וֹעַ רַבִּֽים׃", "text": "*mē-rōḇ ʿăšûqîm yazʿîqû yəšawwəʿû miz-zərôaʿ rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*mē-rōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from abundance/multitude", "*ʿăšûqîm*": "passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed ones", "*yazʿîqû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they cry out", "*yəšawwəʿû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they cry for help", "*miz-zərôaʿ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from the arm/power", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many/great ones" }, "variants": { "*rōḇ*": "abundance/multitude/greatness", "*ʿăšûqîm*": "oppressed/exploited/mistreated ones", "*yazʿîqû*": "to cry out/call for help/scream", "*yəšawwəʿû*": "to cry for help/plead/implore", "*zərôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/mighty ones" } }
• Ps 24:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.24.4", "source": "נְקִ֥י כַפַּ֗יִם וּֽבַר־לֵ֫בָ֥ב אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א לַשָּׁ֣וְא נַפְשִׁ֑י וְלֹ֖א נִשְׁבַּ֣ע לְמִרְמָֽה׃", "text": "*nĕqî* *kappayim* and *bar*-*lēbāb*, who not *nāśāʾ* to *šāwʾ* *napšî*, and not *nišbaʿ* to *mirmâ*.", "grammar": { "*nĕqî*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - clean of", "*kappayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands/palms", "וּ": "conjunction - and", "*bar*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - pure of", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "אֲשֶׁר": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "לֹא": "negative particle - not", "*nāśāʾ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he lifted/carried", "לַ": "preposition - to/for", "*šāwʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/falsehood", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*nišbaʿ*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he swore", "לְ": "preposition - to/for", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery" }, "variants": { "*nĕqî*": "clean/innocent/free from guilt", "*kappayim*": "hands/palms/power", "*bar*": "pure/clean/innocent", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*nāśāʾ*": "lifted/carried/took", "*šāwʾ*": "vanity/falsehood/emptiness", "*napšî*": "my soul/my life/myself", "*nišbaʿ*": "swore/took an oath", "*mirmâ*": "deceit/treachery/fraud" } }
• Ps 25:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֡ד אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְ֝הוָ֗ה נַפְשִׁ֥י אֶשָּֽׂא", "text": "*Lĕdāwid* to you *YHWH* *nap̄šî* I *ʾeśśāʾ*", "grammar": { "*Lĕdāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to/of/for David' (possibly indicating authorship)", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*nap̄šî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my soul/life/self'", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - 'I lift up/raise'" }, "variants": { "*Lĕdāwid*": "of David/by David/for David/concerning David", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/my life/myself", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lift up/I raise/I direct" } }
• Ps 86:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.86.4", "source": "שַׂ֭מֵּחַ נֶ֣פֶשׁ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י אֵלֶ֥יךָ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י נַפְשִׁ֥י אֶשָּֽׂא", "text": "*śammēaḥ* *nepeš* *ʿabdekā* *kî* *ʾēlêkā* *ʾădōnāy* *napšî* *ʾeśśāʾ*", "grammar": { "*śammēaḥ*": "imperative verb, piel - make glad/rejoice", "*nepeš*": "noun construct - soul of", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with possessive suffix - my Lord", "*napšî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular, qal - I lift up" }, "variants": { "*śammēaḥ*": "gladden/rejoice/make glad", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person/self", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lift up/I raise/I direct" } }
• Job 31:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Job.31.38", "source": "אִם־עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "If-against-me *ʾadmātî tizʿāq* and-together *təlāmêhā yiḇkāyûn*", "grammar": { "*ʾadmātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my land", "*tizʿāq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it cries out", "*təlāmêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its furrows", "*yiḇkāyûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they weep" }, "variants": { "*ʾadmātî*": "my land/my ground/my soil", "*tizʿāq*": "cries out/calls out/complains", "*təlāmêhā*": "its furrows/its ridges", "*yiḇkāyûn*": "weep/cry/mourn" } }
• Job 34:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Job.34.28", "source": "לְהָבִ֣יא עָ֭לָיו צַֽעֲקַת־דָּ֑ל וְצַעֲקַ֖ת עֲנִיִּ֣ים יִשְׁמָֽע׃", "text": "*ləhābîʾ* *ʿālāyw* *ṣaʿăqat-dāl* *wə-ṣaʿăqat* *ʿăniyyîm* *yišmāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ləhābîʾ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*ṣaʿăqat*": "feminine singular construct noun - cry of", "*dāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*wə-ṣaʿăqat*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular construct noun - and cry of", "*ʿăniyyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - afflicted", "*yišmāʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hears" }, "variants": { "*ləhābîʾ*": "to bring/to cause to come/to bring about", "*ṣaʿăqat*": "cry/outcry/call for help", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy", "*ʿăniyyîm*": "afflicted/oppressed/poor", "*yišmāʿ*": "he hears/he listens to/he heeds" } }
• Matt 20:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.8", "source": "Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, λέγει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ αὐτοῦ, Κάλεσον τοὺς ἐργάτας, καὶ ἀπόδος αὐτοῖς τὸν μισθόν, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων.", "text": "*De* *opsias* having *genomenēs*, *legei* the *kyrios* of the *ampelōnos* to the *epitropō* of him, *Kaleson* the *ergatas*, and *apodos* to them the *misthon*, having *arxamenos* from the *eschatōn* until the *prōtōn*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*opsias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - evening", "*genomenēs*": "aorist participle, genitive, feminine, singular - having come/become", "*legei*": "present, 3rd singular - says/is saying", "*kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - lord/master", "*ampelōnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - vineyard", "*epitropō*": "dative, masculine, singular - steward/manager", "*kaleson*": "aorist imperative, 2nd singular - call", "*ergatas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - workers", "*apodos*": "aorist imperative, 2nd singular - pay/give", "*misthon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*arxamenos*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular, middle - having begun", "*eschatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - last ones", "*prōtōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - first ones" }, "variants": { "*opsias genomenēs*": "when evening had come/when it was evening", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*epitropos*": "steward/manager/foreman", "*misthon*": "wages/payment/reward" } }
• Mark 10:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Mark.10.19", "source": "Τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας, Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα.", "text": "The *entolas* you *oidas*, *Mē* *moicheusēs*, *Mē* *phoneusēs*, *Mē* *klepsēs*, *Mē* *pseudomartyrēsēs*, *Mē* *aposterēsēs*, *Tima* the *patera* of you and the *mētera*.", "grammar": { "*entolas*": "accusative feminine plural - commandments", "*oidas*": "perfect active indicative, 2nd singular - you know", "*Mē*": "negative particle - not [with subjunctive forms prohibition]", "*moicheusēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - commit adultery", "*phoneusēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - murder/kill", "*klepsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - steal", "*pseudomartyrēsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - bear false witness", "*aposterēsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - defraud/deprive", "*Tima*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - honor", "*patera*": "accusative masculine singular - father", "*mētera*": "accusative feminine singular - mother" }, "variants": { "*entolas*": "commandments/precepts/instructions", "*oidas*": "know/are aware of/understand", "*moicheusēs*": "commit adultery", "*phoneusēs*": "murder/kill", "*klepsēs*": "steal/take secretly", "*pseudomartyrēsēs*": "bear false witness/testify falsely", "*aposterēsēs*": "defraud/deprive/withhold", "*Tima*": "honor/value/respect" } }
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.22", "source": "אַֽל־תִּגְזָל־דָּ֭ל כִּ֣י דַל־ה֑וּא וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א עָנִ֣י בַשָּֽׁעַר׃", "text": "Not *Tigzāl-dāl* because *dal-hû'*, and not *TĕdaKKē'* *'ānî* in-the-*šā'ar*.", "grammar": { "Not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*Tigzāl-dāl*": "verb with adjective used as noun, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you rob the poor", "because": "conjunction, *kî* - because/for", "*dal-hû'*": "adjective with pronoun - poor he is", "and": "conjunction, *wĕ* - and", "not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you crush/oppress", "*'ānî*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - afflicted/poor person", "in-the-*šā'ar*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the gate" }, "variants": { "*Tigzāl*": "rob/plunder/seize", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy person", "*dal-hû'*": "he is poor/he is weak/he is needy", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "crush/oppress/mistreat", "*'ānî*": "afflicted/poor/humble/oppressed person", "*šā'ar*": "gate/entrance/court (place of judgment)" } } 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.23", "source": "כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יָרִ֣יב רִיבָ֑ם וְקָבַ֖ע אֶת־קֹבְעֵיהֶ֣ם נָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "For *YHWH* *yārîb* *rîbām* and *qāba'* *'eT-qōbĕ'êhem* *nāpeš*.", "grammar": { "For": "conjunction, *kî* - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yārîb*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will contend/plead", "*rîbām*": "noun with pronominal suffix, masculine singular - their case/dispute", "and": "conjunction, *wĕ* - and", "*qāba'*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rob/despoil", "*'eT-qōbĕ'êhem*": "direct object marker with verb, Qal participle, masculine plural with pronominal suffix - those who rob them", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life/soul" }, "variants": { "*yārîb*": "will contend/will plead/will defend", "*rîbām*": "their case/their cause/their dispute", "*qāba'*": "will rob/will despoil/will take away", "*qōbĕ'êhem*": "those who rob them/those who defraud them", "*nāpeš*": "life/soul/being/person" } }
• Prov 23:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.10", "source": "אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם וּבִשְׂדֵ֥י יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים אַל־תָּבֹֽא׃", "text": "Not *tassēḡ gǝḇûl ʿôlām*, and into *śǝḏê yǝṯômîm* not *tāḇōʾ*.", "grammar": { "*tassēḡ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - move back/remove", "*gǝḇûl*": "noun, masculine singular - boundary/border", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient/everlasting/old", "*śǝḏê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fields of", "*yǝṯômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - orphans/fatherless", "*tāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - enter/come" }, "variants": { "*tassēḡ gǝḇûl ʿôlām*": "remove ancient boundary/move back long-established border", "*śǝḏê yǝṯômîm*": "fields of orphans/lands of the fatherless", "*tāḇōʾ*": "enter/come/go into/trespass" } } 11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.11", "source": "כִּֽי־גֹאֲלָ֥ם חָזָ֑ק הֽוּא־יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֣ם אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "For *ḡōʾălām ḥāzāq*, he *yārîḇ* their *rîḇām* with you.", "grammar": { "*ḡōʾălām*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their redeemer/defender", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*yārîḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - contends/disputes", "*rîḇām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their case/dispute" }, "variants": { "*ḡōʾălām*": "their redeemer/defender/vindicator/kinsman-redeemer", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yārîḇ rîḇām*": "will plead their case/will contend their dispute/will defend their cause" } }
• Isa 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.7", "source": "כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃", "text": "For *kî* the *kerem* of *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* is *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* is the *neṭaʿ* of his *šaʿăšûʿāyw*; and he *wayəqaw* for *mišpāṭ* but *wəhinnēh* *miśpāḥ*, for *ṣədāqâ* but *wəhinnēh* *ṣəʿāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kerem*": "masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*neṭaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - planting of", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his delight", "*wayəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he looked for", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - but behold", "*miśpāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - bloodshed/oppression", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - cry/outcry" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*neṭaʿ*": "planting/plant/plantation", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "delight/pleasure/joy", "*miśpāḥ*": "bloodshed/oppression/injustice", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/distress" } }