Exodus 10:22

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.10.22", "source": "וַיֵּ֥ט מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָד֖וֹ עַל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְהִ֧י חֹֽשֶׁךְ־אֲפֵלָ֛ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yēṭ* *mōšeh* *ʾet-yādô* *ʿal-ha-šāmāyim* *wa-yəhî* *ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh* *bə-kol-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and stretched out", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet-yādô*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal-ha-šāmāyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was", "*ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - thick darkness", "*bə-kol-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct - in all the land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*šəlōšet*": "numeral feminine construct - three", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*": "thick darkness/deep darkness/darkness of gloom" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּ֥ט מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָד֖וֹ עַל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְהִ֧י חֹֽשֶׁךְ־אֲפֵלָ֛ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃

Transliteration

wa-yēṭ mōšeh ʾet-yādô ʿal-ha-šāmāyim wa-yəhî ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh bə-kol-ʾereṣ miṣrayim šəlōšet yāmîm

Grammar Details

• *wa-yēṭ*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and stretched out
• *mōšeh*: proper noun - Moses
• *ʾet-yādô*: direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand
• *ʿal-ha-šāmāyim*: preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens
• *wa-yəhî*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was
• *ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*: noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - thick darkness
• *bə-kol-ʾereṣ*: preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct - in all the land of
• *miṣrayim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *šəlōšet*: numeral feminine construct - three
• *yāmîm*: noun masculine plural - days

Word Meanings

• *ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*: thick darkness/deep darkness/darkness of gloom

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and thick darkness covered all Egypt for three days.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt for three days.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Moses{H4872} stretched forth{H5186} his hand{H3027} toward heaven;{H8064} and there was a thick{H653} darkness{H2822} in all the land{H776} of Egypt{H4714} three{H7969} days;{H3117}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Moses{H4872} stretched forth{H5186}{(H8799)} his hand{H3027} toward heaven{H8064}; and there was a thick{H653} darkness{H2822} in all the land{H776} of Egypt{H4714} three{H7969} days{H3117}:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And Moses stretched forth his hande vnto heaue, ad there was a darke myst vppo all the lande off Egipte. iij dayes longe

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And Moses stretched out his hade towarde heauen, the was there a thicke darcknesse in all the londe of Egipte thre dayes,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then Moses stretched forth his hande towarde heauen, and there was a blacke darkenesse in all the land of Egypt three daies.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Moyses stretched foorth his hand vnto heauen: and there was a thicke darkenesse vpon all the lande of Egypt three dayes long.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Moses stretched forth his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Moses stretcheth out his hand towards the heavens, and there is darkness -- thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And when Moses' hand was stretched out, dark night came over all the land of Egypt for three days;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Moses stretched forth his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So Moses extended his hand toward heaven, and there was absolute darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 105:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.28", "source": "שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת־*דברוו **דְּבָרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šālaḥ* *ḥōšek* *wa-yyaḥšik* *wə-lōʾ*-*mārū* *ʾet*-*dəbārō*", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he sent", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it became dark", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*mārū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they rebelled against", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his word" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "and it became dark/darkened", "*mārū*": "rebelled against/disobeyed/defied", "*dəbārō*": "his word/command/speech" } }
• Rev 16:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.10", "source": "Καὶ ὁ πέμπτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον τοῦ θηρίου· καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἐσκοτωμένη· καὶ ἐμασῶντο τὰς γλώσσας αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ πόνου,", "text": "And the *pemptos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *thronon* of-the *thēriou*; and *egeneto* the *basileia* of-him *eskotōmenē*; and they *emasōnto* the *glōssas* of-them from the *ponou*,", "grammar": { "*pemptos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fifth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*thronon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - throne", "*thēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - beast/wild animal", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became", "*basileia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign", "*eskotōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - darkened", "*emasōnto*": "imperfect middle indicative, 3rd person plural - were gnawing/chewing", "*glōssas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - tongues", "*ponou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - pain/distress" }, "variants": { "*thronon*": "throne/seat of power", "*thēriou*": "beast/wild animal/monster", "*basileia*": "kingdom/reign/domain", "*eskotōmenē*": "darkened/made dark/obscured", "*emasōnto*": "were gnawing/chewing/biting", "*glōssas*": "tongues/languages", "*ponou*": "pain/distress/anguish" } }
• Exod 20:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.21", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד הָעָ֖ם מֵרָחֹ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ נִגַּ֣שׁ אֶל־הָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿămōd* the *ʿām* from *rāḥōq* and *Mōšeh* *niggaš* unto the *ʿărāp̄el* *ʾăšer*-there the *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stood", "*ʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*rāḥōq*": "adverb - far/at a distance", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*niggaš*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - drew near/approached", "*ʾel-*": "preposition - unto/toward", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "definite noun, masculine singular - thick darkness/thick cloud", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/where", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural form with singular meaning - God" }, "variants": { "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/remain/stay", "*rāḥōq*": "far away/distance/remoteness", "*niggaš*": "drew near/approached/came close", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/thick cloud/gloom", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being/deity" } }
• Deut 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.11", "source": "וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "And-*wattiqrᵉbûn* and-*wattaʿamdûn* under the-*hār*, and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēsh* unto-*lēb* the-*shāmayim* *ḥōshek* *ʿānān* and-*waʿărāpel*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you approached", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you stood", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*hāhār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - burning", "*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to/as far as", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*waʿărāpel*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "you approached/you came near/you drew near", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "you stood/you positioned yourselves", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/mount", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/blazing", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*lēb*": "heart/center/midst", "*shāmayim*": "heavens/sky/atmosphere", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/heavy clouds/gloom" } }
• Deut 5:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.22", "source": "אֶֽת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֡לֶּה דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־קְהַלְכֶ֜ם בָּהָ֗ר מִתּ֤וֹךְ הָאֵשׁ֙ הֶֽעָנָ֣ן וְהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל וְלֹ֣א יָסָ֑ף וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֗ם עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ לֻחֹ֣ת אֲבָנִ֔ים וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם אֵלָֽי", "text": "*ʾEt*-the-*dəbārîm* the-these *dibber* *YHWH* to-all-assembly-of-you in-the-*hār* from-midst-of the-*ʾēš* the-*ʿānān* and-the-*ʿărāpel* *qôl* *gādôl* and-not *yāsāp* and-*wayyiktəbēm* on-two *luḥōt* *ʾăbānîm* and-*wayyitənēm* to-me", "grammar": { "*ʾEt*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - words", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3ms - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*hār*": "common noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿānān*": "common noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*ʿărāpel*": "common noun, masculine singular - thick darkness", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular - voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*yāsāp*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he added", "*wayyiktəbēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he wrote them", "*luḥōt*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "common noun, feminine plural - stones", "*wayyitənēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he gave them" }, "variants": { "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/uttered", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of cloud", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/gloom/deep cloud", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*yāsāp*": "he added/he continued/he did again", "*luḥōt*": "tablets/panels" } }
• Joel 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Joel.2.2", "source": "י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Yôm* *ḥōshekh* and-*ʾăfēlâ* *yôm* *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāfel* like-*shaḥar* *pārūs* upon-the-*hehārîm* *ʿam* *rab* and-*ʿātsûm* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyâ* from-the-*hāʿôlām* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* not *yôsēf* until-*shenê* *dôr* and-*dôr*.", "grammar": { "*Yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*ʿărāfel*": "masculine singular noun - thick darkness/heavy cloud", "*shaḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/daybreak", "*pārūs*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spread/stretched", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous/many", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it", "*nihyâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been/occurred", "*hāʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the eternity/ancient times", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after it", "*yôsēf*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be added/will occur again", "*shenê*": "construct plural of 'year' - years of", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation" }, "variants": { "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass", "*ʿărāfel*": "thick darkness/heavy cloud/gloom", "*shaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light", "*pārūs*": "spread/stretched/dispersed", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/army", "*rab*": "great/numerous/many/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*nihyâ*": "has been/occurred/existed", "*hāʿôlām*": "the eternity/ancient times/antiquity", "*yôsēf*": "will be added/will occur again/will be repeated" } }
• Joel 2:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Joel.2.31", "source": "הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃", "text": "The-*shemesh* *yēhāfēkh* to-*ḥōshekh* and-the-*yārēaḥ* to-*dām* before *bôʾ* *yôm* *YHWH* the-*gādôl* and-the-*nôrāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*yēhāfēkh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be turned/changed", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the moon", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*bôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*yēhāfēkh*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*gādôl*": "great/mighty/important", "*nôrāʾ*": "dreadful/feared/awesome/terrible" } }
• Amos 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Amos.4.13", "source": "כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֙חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "For *hinnēh* *yôṣēr* *hārîm* and *bōrēʾ* *rûaḥ* and *maggid* to *ʾādām* what-*śēḥô*, *ʿōśēh* *šaḥar* *ʿêpāh* and *dōrēk* upon-*bāmǒtê* *ʾāreṣ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê*-*ṣǝbāʾôt* his *šǝmô*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*yôṣēr*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - forming/shaping", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mountains", "*bōrēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - creating", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit/breath", "*maggid*": "participle, masculine singular, hiphil - declaring/telling", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*śēḥô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thought/meditation", "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - making", "*šaḥar*": "noun, masculine singular - dawn/morning", "*ʿêpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - darkness/gloom", "*dōrēk*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - treading/walking", "*bāmǒtê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - high places of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*ṣǝbāʾôt*": "noun, masculine plural - hosts/armies", "*šǝmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*yôṣēr*": "forming/shaping/creating", "*bōrēʾ*": "creating/making", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*maggid*": "declaring/telling/announcing", "*śēḥô*": "his thought/meditation/conversation", "*šaḥar ʿêpāh*": "dawn darkness/morning gloom [possibly 'turns dawn to darkness']", "*bāmǒtê ʾāreṣ*": "high places of earth/heights of the land", "*ʾĕlōhê-ṣǝbāʾôt*": "God of hosts/armies [military metaphor]" } }