Exod 21:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.1",
"source": "וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם",
"text": "*wə-ʾēlleh* the *mishpāṭîm* which *tāśîm* *lipnêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these",
"*mishpāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judgments/ordinances/laws",
"*tāśîm*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall place/set/put",
"*lipnêhem*": "preposition *lə* + noun *pānîm* with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before them/in their presence"
},
"variants": {
"*mishpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/laws/legal decisions",
"*tāśîm*": "you shall place/set/put/establish"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.2",
"source": "כִּי תִקְנֶה עֶבֶד עִבְרִי שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים יַעֲבֹד וּבַשְּׁבִעִת יֵצֵא לַחָפְשִׁי חִנָּם",
"text": "*kî* *tiqneh* *ʿebed* *ʿibrî* six *shānîm* *yaʿabōd* *û-ba-shĕbîʿit* *yēṣēʾ* *la-chophshî* *chinnām*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - when/if",
"*tiqneh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you buy/acquire",
"*ʿebed*": "masculine singular noun - servant/slave",
"*ʿibrî*": "masculine singular adjective - Hebrew",
"*shānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years",
"*yaʿabōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall serve",
"*û-ba-shĕbîʿit*": "conjunction *wə* + preposition *bə* + definite article + feminine singular noun - and in the seventh",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall go out/depart",
"*la-chophshî*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - to freedom/as a free man",
"*chinnām*": "adverb - without payment/freely/for nothing"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/bondman",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "he shall go out/depart/be released",
"*chinnām*": "without payment/freely/gratuitously/for nothing"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.3",
"source": "אִם־בְּגַפּוֹ יָבֹא בְּגַפּוֹ יֵצֵא אִם־בַּעַל אִשָּׁה הוּא וְיָצְאָה אִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ",
"text": "*ʾim-bəgappô* *yābōʾ* *bəgappô* *yēṣēʾ* *ʾim-baʿal* *ʾishshāh* *hûʾ* *wə-yāṣəʾāh* *ʾishtô* *ʿimmô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*bəgappô*": "preposition *bə* + noun *gaph* with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his body/by himself",
"*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he comes/enters",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall go out/depart",
"*baʿal*": "masculine construct noun - owner/husband of",
"*ʾishshāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*wə-yāṣəʾāh*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she shall go out",
"*ʾishtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him"
},
"variants": {
"*bəgappô*": "in his body/by himself/alone/single",
"*baʿal ʾishshāh*": "husband of a wife/married man",
"*ʿimmô*": "with him/accompanying him"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.4",
"source": "אִם־אֲדֹנָיו יִתֶּן־לוֹ אִשָּׁה וְיָלְדָה־לוֹ בָנִים אוֹ בָנוֹת הָאִשָּׁה וִילָדֶיהָ תִּהְיֶה לַאדֹנֶיהָ וְהוּא יֵצֵא בְגַפּוֹ",
"text": "*ʾim-ʾadōnāyw* *yitten-lô* *ʾishshāh* *wə-yāldāh-lô* *bānîm* *ʾô* *bānôt* the *ʾishshāh* *wîlādêhā* *tihyeh* *la-ʾadōnêhā* *wə-hûʾ* *yēṣēʾ* *bəgappô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*ʾadōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his master",
"*yitten-lô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - gives to him",
"*ʾishshāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife",
"*wə-yāldāh-lô*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and she bears to him",
"*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*bānôt*": "feminine plural noun - daughters",
"*wîlādêhā*": "conjunction *wə* + masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her children",
"*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she shall be",
"*la-ʾadōnêhā*": "preposition *lə* + masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to her master",
"*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall go out/depart",
"*bəgappô*": "preposition *bə* + noun *gaph* with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his body/by himself"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾadōnāyw*": "his master/lord/owner",
"*yāldāh*": "she bears/gives birth to",
"*wîlādêhā*": "and her children/offspring",
"*bəgappô*": "in his body/by himself/alone/single"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.5",
"source": "וְאִם־אָמֹר יֹאמַר הָעֶבֶד אָהַבְתִּי אֶת־אֲדֹנִי אֶת־אִשְׁתִּי וְאֶת־בָּנָי לֹא אֵצֵא חָפְשִׁי",
"text": "*wə-ʾim-ʾāmōr* *yōʾmar* the *ʿebed* *ʾāhabtî* *ʾet-ʾadōnî* *ʾet-ʾishtî* *wə-ʾet-bānāy* *lōʾ* *ʾēṣēʾ* *chophshî*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*ʾāmōr yōʾmar*": "infinitive absolute + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - saying he says/plainly says",
"*ʿebed*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the servant/slave",
"*ʾāhabtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I love/have loved",
"*ʾet-ʾadōnî*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my master",
"*ʾet-ʾishtî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my wife",
"*wə-ʾet-bānāy*": "conjunction *wə* + direct object marker + masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - and my children",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʾēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will go out",
"*chophshî*": "masculine singular adjective - free"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmōr yōʾmar*": "plainly saying/expressly declares/explicitly states",
"*ʾāhabtî*": "I love/have loved/am devoted to",
"*ʾēṣēʾ*": "I will go out/depart/be freed",
"*chophshî*": "free/as a free man"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.6",
"source": "וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֲדֹנָיו אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים וְהִגִּישׁוֹ אֶל־הַדֶּלֶת אוֹ אֶל־הַמְּזוּזָה וְרָצַע אֲדֹנָיו אֶת־אָזְנוֹ בַּמַּרְצֵעַ וַעֲבָדוֹ לְעֹלָם",
"text": "*wə-higgîshô* *ʾadōnāyw* *ʾel-hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-higgîshô* *ʾel-ha-delet* *ʾô* *ʾel-ha-məzûzāh* *wə-rāṣaʿ* *ʾadōnāyw* *ʾet-ʾoznô* *ba-marṣēaʿ* *wa-ʿabādô* *lə-ʿōlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-higgîshô*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he shall bring him",
"*ʾadōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his master",
"*ʾel-hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - to the God/judges",
"*wə-higgîshô*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he shall bring him",
"*ʾel-ha-delet*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the door",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*ʾel-ha-məzûzāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the doorpost",
"*wə-rāṣaʿ*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall pierce",
"*ʾet-ʾoznô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ear",
"*ba-marṣēaʿ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the awl",
"*wa-ʿabādô*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he shall serve him",
"*lə-ʿōlām*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - forever/permanently"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾel-hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "to God/to the judges/to the authorities/to the sanctuary",
"*higgîshô*": "bring him near/present him/bring him to",
"*rāṣaʿ*": "pierce/bore through",
"*lə-ʿōlām*": "forever/for a lifetime/permanently"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.7",
"source": "וְכִי־יִמְכֹּר אִישׁ אֶת־בִּתּוֹ לְאָמָה לֹא תֵצֵא כְּצֵאת הָעֲבָדִים",
"text": "*wə-kî-yimkōr* *ʾîsh* *ʾet-bittô* *lə-ʾāmāh* *lōʾ* *tēṣēʾ* *kə-ṣēʾt* the *ʿabādîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if/when",
"*yimkōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sells",
"*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man",
"*ʾet-bittô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his daughter",
"*lə-ʾāmāh*": "preposition *lə* + feminine singular noun - as a female servant/maidservant",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she shall go out",
"*kə-ṣēʾt*": "preposition *kə* + qal infinitive construct - as the going out of",
"*ʿabādîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the male servants"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmāh*": "female servant/maidservant/female slave",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "she shall go out/depart/be released",
"*kə-ṣēʾt ha-ʿabādîm*": "as the male servants go out/according to the release of male servants"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.8",
"source": "אִם־רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר־לא לוֹ יְעָדָהּ וְהֶפְדָּהּ לְעַם נָכְרִי לֹא־יִמְשֹׁל לְמָכְרָהּ בְּבִגְדוֹ־בָהּ",
"text": "*ʾim-rāʿāh* *bə-ʿênê* *ʾadōnêhā* *ʾasher-lô* *yəʿādāh* *wə-hephdāh* *lə-ʿam* *nokrî* *lō-yimshōl* *lə-mokrāh* *bə-bigdô-bāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾim-rāʿāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - if she is displeasing",
"*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition *bə* + feminine dual construct noun - in the eyes of",
"*ʾadōnêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her master",
"*ʾasher-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - who for himself",
"*yəʿādāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he designated her",
"*wə-hephdāh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - then he shall let her be redeemed",
"*lə-ʿam*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - to a people",
"*nokrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign",
"*lō-yimshōl*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall not have power",
"*lə-mokrāh*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to sell her",
"*bə-bigdô-bāh*": "preposition *bə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix + preposition *bə* with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in his dealing treacherously with her"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʿāh*": "is displeasing/is evil/is bad",
"*yəʿādāh*": "designated her/appointed her/betrothed her",
"*hephdāh*": "let her be redeemed/allow her redemption",
"*lə-ʿam nokrî*": "to a foreign people/to strangers",
"*yimshōl*": "have power/have authority/have right",
"*bə-bigdô-bāh*": "in his dealing treacherously with her/in his breaking faith with her"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.9",
"source": "וְאִם־לִבְנוֹ יִיעָדֶנָּה כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנוֹת יַעֲשֶׂה־לָּהּ",
"text": "*wə-ʾim-libnô* *yîʿādenāh* *kə-mishpaṭ* the *bānôt* *yaʿaśeh-lāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*libnô*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his son",
"*yîʿādenāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he designates her",
"*kə-mishpaṭ*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular construct noun - according to the custom of",
"*bānôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the daughters",
"*yaʿaśeh-lāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he shall do to her"
},
"variants": {
"*yîʿādenāh*": "designates her/betroths her/assigns her",
"*kə-mishpaṭ ha-bānôt*": "according to the custom of daughters/according to the law regarding daughters",
"*yaʿaśeh-lāh*": "he shall do to her/he shall treat her"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.10",
"source": "אִם־אַחֶרֶת יִקַּח־לוֹ שְׁאֵרָהּ כְּסוּתָהּ וְעֹנָתָהּ לֹא יִגְרָע",
"text": "*ʾim-ʾacheret* *yiqqach-lô* *shəʾērāh* *kəsûtāh* *wə-ʿōnātāh* *lōʾ* *yigrāʿ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*ʾacheret*": "feminine singular adjective - another",
"*yiqqach-lô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he takes for himself",
"*shəʾērāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her food",
"*kəsûtāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her clothing",
"*wə-ʿōnātāh*": "conjunction *wə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her marital rights",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yigrāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall diminish"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾacheret*": "another (woman)/another wife",
"*shəʾērāh*": "her food/her sustenance/her flesh",
"*kəsûtāh*": "her clothing/her covering",
"*ʿōnātāh*": "her marital rights/her conjugal rights/her dwelling",
"*yigrāʿ*": "diminish/withhold/reduce"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.11",
"source": "וְאִם־שְׁלָשׁ־אֵלֶּה לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה לָהּ וְיָצְאָה חִנָּם אֵין כָּסֶף",
"text": "*wə-ʾim-shəlōsh-ʾēlleh* *lōʾ* *yaʿaśeh* *lāh* *wə-yāṣəʾāh* *chinnām* *ʾên* *kāsep*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*shəlōsh-ʾēlleh*": "feminine cardinal number + demonstrative pronoun - these three",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaʿaśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he does",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - for her",
"*wə-yāṣəʾāh*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - then she shall go out",
"*chinnām*": "adverb - without payment/freely",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without",
"*kāsep*": "masculine singular noun - silver/money"
},
"variants": {
"*shəlōsh-ʾēlleh*": "these three (things/obligations)",
"*yaʿaśeh*": "does/provides/fulfills",
"*yāṣəʾāh chinnām*": "she shall go out freely/she shall leave without payment",
"*ʾên kāsep*": "without money/without silver/no payment required"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.12",
"source": "מַכֵּה אִישׁ וָמֵת מוֹת יוּמָת",
"text": "*makkēh* *ʾîsh* *wā-mēt* *môt* *yûmāt*",
"grammar": {
"*makkēh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - striking/one who strikes",
"*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man",
"*wā-mēt*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he dies",
"*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death"
},
"variants": {
"*makkēh*": "striking/hitting/wounding/one who strikes",
"*wā-mēt*": "and he dies/so that he dies",
"*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.13",
"source": "וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה",
"text": "*wa-ʾasher* *lōʾ* *ṣādāh* *wə-hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾinnāh* *lə-yādô* *wə-śamtî* *ləkā* *māqôm* *ʾasher* *yānûs* *shāmmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-ʾasher*": "conjunction *wə* + relative pronoun - but one who",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṣādāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he lay in wait",
"*wə-hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "conjunction *wə* + definite article + masculine plural noun - but God",
"*ʾinnāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - caused to meet/delivered",
"*lə-yādô*": "preposition *lə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his hand",
"*wə-śamtî*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 1st person singular - then I will appoint",
"*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for you",
"*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - a place",
"*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - where/to which",
"*yānûs*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he may flee",
"*shāmmāh*": "adverb - there/to there"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣādāh*": "lay in wait/planned/ambushed/intended",
"*ʾinnāh lə-yādô*": "caused to meet his hand/delivered to his hand/caused it to happen",
"*śamtî*": "I will appoint/establish/designate",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/refuge",
"*yānûs*": "he may flee/escape/find refuge"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.14",
"source": "וְכִי־יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־רֵעֵהוּ לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי תִּקָּחֶנּוּ לָמוּת",
"text": "*wə-kî-yāzid* *ʾîsh* *ʿal-rēʿēhû* *lə-horgô* *bə-ʿormāh* *mē-ʿim* *mizbəchî* *tiqqāchennû* *lāmût*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*yāzid*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he acts presumptuously",
"*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man",
"*ʿal-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his neighbor",
"*lə-horgô*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to kill him",
"*bə-ʿormāh*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun - with premeditation/cunning",
"*mē-ʿim*": "compound preposition - from",
"*mizbəchî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my altar",
"*tiqqāchennû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you shall take him",
"*lāmût*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - to die"
},
"variants": {
"*yāzid*": "acts presumptuously/acts with premeditation/schemes",
"*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend",
"*bə-ʿormāh*": "with premeditation/with cunning/willfully/with deception",
"*tiqqāchennû*": "you shall take him/remove him/bring him",
"*lāmût*": "to die/to be executed/to be put to death"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.15",
"source": "וּמַכֵּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת",
"text": "*û-makkēh* *ʾābîw* *wə-ʾimmô* *môt* *yûmāt*",
"grammar": {
"*û-makkēh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who strikes",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction *wə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his mother",
"*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death"
},
"variants": {
"*makkēh*": "one who strikes/attacks/hits",
"*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.16",
"source": "וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ וְנִמְצָא בְיָדוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת",
"text": "*wə-gōnēb* *ʾîsh* *û-məkārô* *wə-nimṣāʾ* *bə-yādô* *môt* *yûmāt*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-gōnēb*": "conjunction *wə* + qal participle, masculine singular - and one who steals",
"*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man",
"*û-məkārô*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and sells him",
"*wə-nimṣāʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he is found",
"*bə-yādô*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand",
"*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death"
},
"variants": {
"*gōnēb*": "one who steals/kidnaps",
"*nimṣāʾ bə-yādô*": "is found in his hand/is found in his possession/is found with him",
"*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.17",
"source": "וּמְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת",
"text": "*û-məqallēl* *ʾābîw* *wə-ʾimmô* *môt* *yûmāt*",
"grammar": {
"*û-məqallēl*": "conjunction *wə* + piel participle, masculine singular - and one who curses",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction *wə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his mother",
"*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death"
},
"variants": {
"*məqallēl*": "one who curses/reviles/dishonors/treats with contempt",
"*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.18",
"source": "וְכִי־יְרִיבֻן אֲנָשִׁים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹף וְלֹא יָמוּת וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב",
"text": "*wə-kî-yərîbun* *ʾanāshîm* *wə-hikkāh-ʾîsh* *ʾet-rēʿēhû* *bə-ʾeben* *ʾô* *bə-ʾegrōp* *wə-lōʾ* *yāmût* *wə-nāpal* *lə-mishkāb*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*yərîbun*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + paragogic nun - men quarrel",
"*ʾanāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - men",
"*wə-hikkāh-ʾîsh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + masculine singular noun - and a man strikes",
"*ʾet-rēʿēhû*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor",
"*bə-ʾeben*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun - with a stone",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*bə-ʾegrōp*": "preposition *bə* + masculine singular noun - with a fist",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he dies",
"*wə-nāpal*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - but falls",
"*lə-mishkāb*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - to bed"
},
"variants": {
"*yərîbun*": "quarrel/strive/contend with each other",
"*hikkāh*": "strikes/hits/wounds",
"*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend",
"*ʾegrōp*": "fist/closed hand",
"*nāpal lə-mishkāb*": "falls to bed/becomes bedridden/is confined to bed"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.19",
"source": "אִם־יָקוּם וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ עַל־מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ וְנִקָּה הַמַּכֶּה רַק שִׁבְתּוֹ יִתֵּן וְרַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא",
"text": "*ʾim-yāqûm* *wə-hithhallēk* *ba-chûṣ* *ʿal-mishʿantô* *wə-niqqāh* the *makkeh* *raq* *shibtô* *yittēn* *wə-rappōʾ* *yərappēʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he rises up",
"*wə-hithhallēk*": "conjunction *wə* + hithpael perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and walks about",
"*ba-chûṣ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + masculine singular noun - outside/abroad",
"*ʿal-mishʿantô*": "preposition *ʿal* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon his staff",
"*wə-niqqāh*": "conjunction *wə* + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - then shall be acquitted",
"*makkeh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one who struck",
"*raq*": "adverb - only",
"*shibtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sitting/loss of time",
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall give",
"*wə-rappōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + piel infinitive absolute - and healing",
"*yərappēʾ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall cause to be healed"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqûm*": "rises up/gets up/recovers",
"*hithhallēk*": "walks about/goes around/moves about",
"*mishʿantô*": "his staff/his support/his crutch",
"*niqqāh*": "shall be acquitted/shall be free/shall be exempt",
"*shibtô*": "his sitting/his lost time/his loss of work",
"*rappōʾ yərappēʾ*": "shall surely cause to be healed/shall certainly pay for medical expenses"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.20",
"source": "וְכִי־יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ בַּשֵּׁבֶט וּמֵת תַּחַת יָדוֹ נָקֹם יִנָּקֵם",
"text": "*wə-kî-yakkeh* *ʾîsh* *ʾet-ʿabdô* *ʾô* *ʾet-ʾamātô* *ba-shēbeṭ* *û-mēt* *tachat* *yādô* *nāqōm* *yinnāqēm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he strikes",
"*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man",
"*ʾet-ʿabdô*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his male servant",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*ʾet-ʾamātô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his female servant",
"*ba-shēbeṭ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the rod",
"*û-mēt*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he dies",
"*tachat*": "preposition - under",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*nāqōm yinnāqēm*": "infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall surely be avenged"
},
"variants": {
"*yakkeh*": "strikes/hits/beats",
"*ʿabdô*": "his male servant/his slave",
"*ʾamātô*": "his female servant/his maidservant",
"*shēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/stick",
"*tachat yādô*": "under his hand/by his hand/immediately",
"*nāqōm yinnāqēm*": "shall surely be avenged/shall certainly be punished"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.21",
"source": "אַךְ אִם־יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם יַעֲמֹד לֹא יֻקַּם כִּי כַסְפּוֹ הוּא",
"text": "*ʾak* *ʾim-yôm* *ʾô* *yômayim* *yaʿamōd* *lōʾ* *yuqqam* *kî* *kaspô* *hûʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾak*": "adverb - however/but",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - a day",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*yômayim*": "masculine dual noun - two days",
"*yaʿamōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he continues",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yuqqam*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall be avenged",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*kaspô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his money",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾak*": "however/but/nevertheless",
"*yaʿamōd*": "continues/remains/survives",
"*yuqqam*": "shall be avenged/shall be punished",
"*kaspô hûʾ*": "he is his money/he is his property/he was bought with his money"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.22",
"source": "וְכִי־יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים וְנָגְפוּ אִשָּׁה הָרָה וְיָצְאוּ יְלָדֶיהָ וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר יָשִׁית עָלָיו בַּעַל הָאִשָּׁה וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים",
"text": "*wə-kî-yinnāṣû* *ʾanāshîm* *wə-nāgəpû* *ʾishshāh* *hārāh* *wə-yāṣəʾû* *yəlādêhā* *wə-lōʾ* *yihyeh* *ʾāsôn* *ʿānôsh* *yēʿānēsh* *ka-ʾasher* *yāshît* *ʿālāyw* *baʿal* the *ʾishshāh* *wə-nātan* *bi-phlilîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if",
"*yinnāṣû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they strive together",
"*ʾanāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - men",
"*wə-nāgəpû*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they strike",
"*ʾishshāh*": "feminine singular noun - a woman",
"*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant",
"*wə-yāṣəʾû*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and come out",
"*yəlādêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her children",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - but not",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there is",
"*ʾāsôn*": "masculine singular noun - harm/injury",
"*ʿānôsh yēʿānēsh*": "infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall surely be fined",
"*ka-ʾasher*": "preposition *kə* + relative pronoun - according to what",
"*yāshît*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he imposes",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him",
"*baʿal*": "masculine construct noun - husband of",
"*ʾishshāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the woman",
"*wə-nātan*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall give",
"*bi-phlilîm*": "preposition *bə* + masculine plural noun - by the judges"
},
"variants": {
"*yinnāṣû*": "strive together/struggle/fight",
"*nāgəpû*": "strike/hit/hurt",
"*yāṣəʾû yəlādêhā*": "her children come out/she gives birth prematurely/she miscarries",
"*ʾāsôn*": "harm/injury/calamity/serious damage",
"*ʿānôsh yēʿānēsh*": "he shall surely be fined/he shall certainly pay compensation",
"*yāshît*": "imposes/lays/sets",
"*bi-phlilîm*": "by the judges/by arbitration/according to assessment"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.21.23",
"source": "וְאִם־אָסוֹן יִהְיֶה וְנָתַתָּה נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ",
"text": "*wə-ʾim-ʾāsôn* *yihyeh* *wə-nātattāh* *nephesh* *tachat* *nāphesh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - but if",
"*ʾāsôn*": "masculine singular noun - harm/injury",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there is",
"*wə-nātattāh*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - then you shall give",
"*nephesh*": "feminine singular noun - life",
"*tachat*": "preposition - in place of",
"*nāphesh*": "feminine singular noun - life"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāsôn*": "harm/injury/calamity",
"*nephesh tachat nāphesh*": "life for life/soul for soul"
}
}