4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim*: *lāmmâ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* *taḇrîʿû* *ʾet*-the people from their *maʿăśāyw*? *ləḵû* to your *siḇlōtêḵem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you cause to be idle/disrupt",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his works/labors",
"*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!",
"*lə*": "preposition - to",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your burdens"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered",
"*meleḵ*": "king, ruler, sovereign",
"*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "you disrupt, you cause to cease, you distract",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "his works, labors, tasks",
"*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "your burdens, your forced labors, your tasks"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.5",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה הֵן־רַבִּ֥ים עַתָּ֖ה עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם מִסִּבְלֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Parʿōh*: *hēn*-*rabbîm* *ʿattâ* *ʿam* the *hāʾāreṣ* and *wəhišbattem* *ʾōtām* from their *missibəlōtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many, numerous",
"*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land, earth",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hišbattem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have caused to cease",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*sibəlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their burdens"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, stated, declared",
"*hēn*": "behold, look, see",
"*rabbîm*": "many, numerous, plentiful",
"*ʿattâ*": "now, at this time, presently",
"*ʿam*": "people, folk, population",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land, earth, ground, country",
"*hišbattem*": "you have caused to cease, made to rest, stopped",
"*sibəlōtām*": "their burdens, forced labors, tasks"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.6",
"source": "וַיְצַ֥ו פַּרְעֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayṣaw* *Parʿōh* in the *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* *ʾet*-the *nōgəśîm* among the people and *ʾet*-his *šōṭərāyw* *lēʾmōr*:",
"grammar": {
"*wayṣaw*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*hûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*nōgəśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taskmasters, oppressors",
"*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the, among the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*wayṣaw*": "and he commanded, ordered, instructed",
"*yôm*": "day, time, period",
"*hahûʾ*": "that, the same",
"*nōgəśîm*": "taskmasters, overseers, oppressors",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring, stating"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.7",
"source": "לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן לָתֵ֨ת תֶּ֧בֶן לָעָ֛ם לִלְבֹּ֥ן הַלְּבֵנִ֖ים כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם הֵ֚ם יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְקֹשְׁשׁ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "Not *tōʾsiḇûn* *lātēt* *teḇen* to the people *lilbōn* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*; they *yēlḵû* and *wəqōšəšû* for themselves *teḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tōʾsiḇûn*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall continue",
"*lātēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw",
"*lā*": "preposition with definite article - to the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks",
"*ki*": "preposition - as, like",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*yēlḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall go",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*qōšəšû*": "poel perfect, 3rd common plural - they shall gather",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*tōʾsiḇûn*": "you shall continue, you shall add, you shall do again",
"*lātēt*": "to give, to provide, to supply",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff",
"*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks",
"*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before",
"*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly",
"*yēlḵû*": "they shall go, they will proceed, they must depart",
"*qōšəšû*": "they shall gather, collect, assemble"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.8",
"source": "וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּ֨נֶת הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּ֣ים הֵ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵ֤ם צֹֽעֲקִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "And *wəʾet*-*maṯkōneṯ* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* *ʾăšer* they *ʿōśîm* *təmôl* *šilšōm* *tāśîmû* upon them; not *ṯiḡrəʿû* from it, for *kî*-*nirpîm* they are. Therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* they *ṣōʿăqîm* *lēʾmōr*: *nēlḵâ* *nizbəḥâ* to our *lēʾlōhênû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṯkōneṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - quota, prescribed amount",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which, that",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - making, doing",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously",
"*tāśîmû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall place/impose",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall diminish",
"*mimmenû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus, therefore",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ṣōʿăqîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - crying out",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*nēlḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go",
"*nizbəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice",
"*lə*": "preposition - to",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*maṯkōneṯ*": "quota, prescribed amount, measure",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks",
"*ʿōśîm*": "making, doing, producing",
"*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before",
"*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly",
"*tāśîmû*": "you shall place, impose, set",
"*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "you shall diminish, reduce, lessen",
"*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack",
"*ṣōʿăqîm*": "crying out, calling, shouting",
"*nēlḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go",
"*nizbəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.9",
"source": "תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃",
"text": "*Tikbad* the *hāʿăḇōḏâ* upon the *hāʾănāšîm* and *wəyaʿăśû*-*ḇāh* and not *wəʾal*-*yišʿû* in *bəḏiḇrê*-*šāqer*.",
"grammar": {
"*tikbad*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let be heavy",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "noun, feminine singular - work, labor, service",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will do/perform",
"*ḇāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - not",
"*yišʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will pay attention to",
"*bə*": "preposition - in",
"*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood, lie"
},
"variants": {
"*tikbad*": "let be heavy, let be burdensome, let be severe",
"*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "work, labor, service, servitude",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "men, people, individuals",
"*yaʿăśû*": "they will do, perform, accomplish",
"*yišʿû*": "they will pay attention to, regard, look to",
"*diḇrê*": "words, matters, things",
"*šāqer*": "falsehood, lie, deception"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.10",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *nōḡəśê* the *hāʿām* and his *wəšōṭərāyw* and *wayyōʾmərû* to the *hāʿām* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* *Parʿōh*, not *ʾênennî* *nōṯēn* to you *lāḵem* *teḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out",
"*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - taskmasters of",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*ʾênennî*": "particle of negation with 1st singular suffix - I am not",
"*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - giving",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "and they went out, came forth, departed",
"*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of, overseers of",
"*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "and they said, declared, announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring",
"*kōh*": "thus, so, in this manner",
"*ʾāmar*": "he has said, spoken, declared",
"*ʾênennî*": "I am not, I will not",
"*nōṯēn*": "giving, providing, supplying",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff"
}
}