Jer 52:1-Lam 1:5 : 1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.1",
"source": "בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַחַ֤ת שָׁנָה֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ חמיטל חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃",
"text": "*Ben*-*ʿesrîm* *wə*-*ʾaḥat* *šānâ* *ṣidqîyāhû* *bə*-*mālkô* *wə*-*ʾaḥat* *ʿeśrēh* *šānâ* *mālak* *bî*-*rûšālāim* *wə*-*šēm* *ʾimmô* *ḥămûṭal* *bat*-*yirmyāhû* *mi*-*libnâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ben*": "construct state - son of",
"*ʿesrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾaḥat*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - one",
"*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*bə*-*mālkô*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign",
"*ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number, feminine - ten",
"*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he reigned",
"*bî*-*rûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem",
"*šēm*": "construct state - name of",
"*ʾimmô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mother",
"*ḥămûṭal*": "proper noun - Hamutal",
"*bat*": "construct state - daughter of",
"*yirmyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*mi*-*libnâ*": "preposition + proper noun - from Libnah"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "Zedekiah (meaning 'Yahweh is my righteousness')",
"*mālak*": "reigned/ruled/was king",
"*ḥămûṭal*": "Hamutal (name appears as both חמיטל and חֲמוּטַל in text)"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.2",
"source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yaʿaś* *hā*-*raʿ* *bə*-*ʿênê* *yhwh* *kə*-*kōl* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśâ* *yəhôyāqîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*hā*-*raʿ*": "definite article + adjective - the evil",
"*bə*-*ʿênê*": "preposition + construct plural noun - in eyes of",
"*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*kə*-*kōl*": "preposition + noun - according to all",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/had done",
"*yəhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim"
},
"variants": {
"*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked",
"*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight (figurative for judgment/opinion)"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.3",
"source": "כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּירוּשָׁלַ֣͏ִם וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִיכ֥וֹ אוֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*kî* *ʿal*-*ʾap* *yhwh* *hāytâ* *bî*-*rûšālaim* *wî*-*hûdâ* *ʿad*-*hišlîkô* *ʾôtām* *mē*-*ʿal* *pānāyw* *wa*-*yimrōd* *ṣidqîyāhû* *bə*-*melek* *bābel*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʿal*-*ʾap*": "preposition + noun - on account of anger",
"*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*hāytâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was/happened",
"*bî*-*rûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem",
"*wî*-*hûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah",
"*ʿad*-*hišlîkô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - until his casting",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*mē*-*ʿal*": "compound preposition - from upon",
"*pānāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face",
"*wa*-*yimrōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rebelled",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*bə*-*melek*": "preposition + noun construct - against king of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾap*": "anger/nose/wrath",
"*hāytâ*": "it was/it happened/it came to be",
"*pānāyw*": "his face/his presence",
"*yimrōd*": "rebelled/revolted against"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.4",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַשָּׁנָ֨ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֤וּא וְכָל־חֵילוֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ דָּיֵ֖ק סָבִֽיב׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yəhî* *ba*-*šānâ* *ha*-*təšîʿît* *lə*-*mālkô* *ba*-*ḥōdeš* *hā*-*ʿăśîrî* *be*-*ʿāśôr* *la*-*ḥōdeš* *bāʾ* *nəbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek*-*bābel* *hûʾ* *wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô* *ʿal*-*yərûšālaim* *wa*-*yaḥănû* *ʿāleyhā* *wa*-*yibnû* *ʿāleyhā* *dāyēq* *sābîb*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ba*-*šānâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the year",
"*ha*-*təšîʿît*": "definite article + ordinal number, feminine - the ninth",
"*lə*-*mālkô*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - of his reign",
"*ba*-*ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the month",
"*hā*-*ʿăśîrî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the tenth",
"*be*-*ʿāśôr*": "preposition + cardinal number - on the tenth [day]",
"*la*-*ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - of the month",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came",
"*nəbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun construct + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and all his army",
"*ʿal*-*yərûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Jerusalem",
"*wa*-*yaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they encamped",
"*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against it",
"*wa*-*yibnû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they built",
"*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against it",
"*dāyēq*": "noun - siege wall/rampart",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around"
},
"variants": {
"*dāyēq*": "siege wall/battering ram/siege works",
"*yaḥănû*": "encamped/pitched camp",
"*sābîb*": "around/surrounding/on all sides"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.5",
"source": "וַתָּבֹ֥א הָעִ֖יר בַּמָּצ֑וֹר עַ֚ד עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*wa*-*tābōʾ* *hā*-*ʿîr* *ba*-*māṣôr* *ʿad* *ʿaštê* *ʿeśrê* *šānâ* *la*-*melek* *ṣidqîyāhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*tābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it came",
"*hā*-*ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine - the city",
"*ba*-*māṣôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - under siege",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ʿaštê* *ʿeśrê*": "cardinal number, construct state - eleven",
"*šānâ*": "noun, feminine - year",
"*la*-*melek*": "preposition + noun - of the king",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah"
},
"variants": {
"*tābōʾ*": "came/entered",
"*māṣôr*": "siege/distress",
"*ʿaštê* *ʿeśrê*": "eleven (feminine form)"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.6",
"source": "בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָֽרְבִיעִי֙ בְּתִשְׁעָ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָרָעָ֖ב בָּעִ֑יר וְלֹא־הָיָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם לְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*ba*-*ḥōdeš* *hā*-*rəbîʿî* *bə*-*tišʿâ* *la*-*ḥōdeš* *wa*-*yeḥĕzaq* *hā*-*rāʿāb* *bā*-*ʿîr* *wə*-*lōʾ*-*hāyâ* *leḥem* *lə*-*ʿam* *hā*-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ba*-*ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the month",
"*hā*-*rəbîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the fourth",
"*bə*-*tišʿâ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on the ninth [day]",
"*la*-*ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - of the month",
"*wa*-*yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became severe",
"*hā*-*rāʿāb*": "definite article + noun - the famine",
"*bā*-*ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the city",
"*wə*-*lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - there was",
"*leḥem*": "noun - bread/food",
"*lə*-*ʿam*": "preposition + noun construct - for people of",
"*hā*-*ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun - the land"
},
"variants": {
"*yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/severe/intense",
"*rāʿāb*": "famine/hunger",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance",
"*ʿam* *hā*-*ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.7",
"source": "וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע הָעִ֗יר וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֡ה יִבְרְחוּ֩ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ מֵהָעִ֜יר לַ֗יְלָה דֶּ֜רֶךְ שַׁ֤עַר בֵּין־הַחֹמֹתַ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים עַל־הָעִ֖יר סָבִ֑יב וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa*-*tibbāqaʿ* *hā*-*ʿîr* *wə*-*kāl*-*ʾanšê* *ha*-*milḥāmâ* *yibrəḥû* *wa*-*yēṣəʾû* *mē*-*hā*-*ʿîr* *laylâ* *derek* *šaʿar* *bên*-*ha*-*ḥōmōtayim* *ʾăšer* *ʿal*-*gan* *ha*-*melek* *wə*-*kaśdîm* *ʿal*-*hā*-*ʿîr* *sābîb* *wa*-*yēlkû* *derek* *hā*-*ʿărābâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*tibbāqaʿ*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was broken into",
"*hā*-*ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine - the city",
"*wə*-*kāl*-*ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun construct + noun construct - and all men of",
"*ha*-*milḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun - the war/battle",
"*yibrəḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they fled",
"*wa*-*yēṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out",
"*mē*-*hā*-*ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - from the city",
"*laylâ*": "noun, adverbial use - at night",
"*derek*": "noun construct - way of",
"*šaʿar*": "noun construct - gate of",
"*bên*-*ha*-*ḥōmōtayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, dual - between the two walls",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which",
"*ʿal*-*gan*": "preposition + noun construct - by the garden of",
"*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king",
"*wə*-*kaśdîm*": "conjunction + proper noun, plural - and Chaldeans",
"*ʿal*-*hā*-*ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - around the city",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - surrounding",
"*wa*-*yēlkû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went",
"*derek*": "noun construct - way of",
"*hā*-*ʿărābâ*": "definite article + noun - the Arabah/plain"
},
"variants": {
"*tibbāqaʿ*": "was broken into/breached/penetrated",
"*ʾanšê* *ha*-*milḥāmâ*": "men of war/soldiers/warriors",
"*ḥōmōtayim*": "two walls/double wall",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians",
"*ʿărābâ*": "Arabah/Jordan Valley/desert plain"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.8",
"source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂ֥יגוּ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת יְרֵח֑וֹ וְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ נָפֹ֖צוּ מֵעָלָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yirdəpû* *ḥêl*-*kaśdîm* *ʾaḥărê* *ha*-*melek* *wa*-*yaśśîgû* *ʾet*-*ṣidqîyāhû* *bə*-*ʿarbôt* *yərēḥô* *wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô* *nāpōṣû* *mē*-*ʿālāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yirdəpû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued",
"*ḥêl*-*kaśdîm*": "noun construct + proper noun, plural - army of Chaldeans",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king",
"*wa*-*yaśśîgû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they overtook",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*bə*-*ʿarbôt*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - in plains of",
"*yərēḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho",
"*wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun construct + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and all his army",
"*nāpōṣû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - were scattered",
"*mē*-*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him"
},
"variants": {
"*yirdəpû*": "pursued/chased",
"*yaśśîgû*": "overtook/caught up to/reached",
"*ʿarbôt*": "plains/deserts/steppes",
"*nāpōṣû*": "were scattered/dispersed/spread out"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.9",
"source": "וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּעֲל֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ בָּבֶ֛ל רִבְלָ֖תָה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ מִשְׁפָּטִֽים׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yitpəśû* *ʾet*-*ha*-*melek* *wa*-*yaʿălû* *ʾōtô* *ʾel*-*melek* *bābel* *riblātâ* *bə*-*ʾereṣ* *ḥămāt* *wa*-*yədabbēr* *ʾittô* *mišpāṭîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yitpəśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they seized",
"*ʾet*-*ha*-*melek*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the king",
"*wa*-*yaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought up",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*ʾel*-*melek*": "preposition + noun construct - to king of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*riblātâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Riblah",
"*bə*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun construct - in land of",
"*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath",
"*wa*-*yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he pronounced",
"*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him",
"*mišpāṭîm*": "noun, plural - judgments"
},
"variants": {
"*yitpəśû*": "seized/captured/took hold of",
"*yaʿălû*": "brought up/led up/took up",
"*yədabbēr*": "spoke/declared/pronounced",
"*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/sentences/legal decisions"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.10",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁחַ֧ט מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ לְעֵינָ֑יו וְגַ֛ם אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה שָׁחַ֥ט בְּרִבְלָֽתָה׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yišḥaṭ* *melek*-*bābel* *ʾet*-*bənê* *ṣidqîyāhû* *lə*-*ʿênāyw* *wə*-*gam* *ʾet*-*kāl*-*śārê* *yəhûdâ* *šāḥaṭ* *bə*-*riblātâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yišḥaṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he slaughtered",
"*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon",
"*ʾet*-*bənê*": "direct object marker + noun construct plural - sons of",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*lə*-*ʿênāyw*": "preposition + noun plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - before his eyes",
"*wə*-*gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*ʾet*-*kāl*-*śārê*": "direct object marker + noun construct + noun construct plural - all princes/officials of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*šāḥaṭ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he slaughtered",
"*bə*-*riblātâ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Riblah"
},
"variants": {
"*yišḥaṭ*": "slaughtered/slew/killed",
"*bənê*": "sons/children",
"*śārê*": "princes/officials/nobles"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.11",
"source": "וְאֶת־עֵינֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ עִוֵּ֑ר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֣הוּ בַֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֗יִם וַיְבִאֵ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ בָּבֶ֔לָה וַיִּתְּנֵ֥הוּ בבית־בֵֽית־הַפְּקֻדֹּ֖ת עַד־י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə*-*ʾet*-*ʿênê* *ṣidqîyāhû* *ʿiwwēr* *wa*-*yaʾasrēhû* *ba*-*nəḥuštayim* *wa*-*yəbiʾēhû* *melek*-*bābel* *bābelâ* *wa*-*yittənēhû* *bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt* *ʿad*-*yôm* *môtô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*ʾet*-*ʿênê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct plural - and eyes of",
"*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah",
"*ʿiwwēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he blinded",
"*wa*-*yaʾasrēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he bound him",
"*ba*-*nəḥuštayim*": "preposition + noun, dual - with bronze fetters",
"*wa*-*yəbiʾēhû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he brought him",
"*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon",
"*bābelâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Babylon",
"*wa*-*yittənēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he put him",
"*bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, plural - house of custody/prison",
"*ʿad*-*yôm*": "preposition + noun construct - until day of",
"*môtô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his death"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿiwwēr*": "blinded/made blind",
"*nəḥuštayim*": "bronze fetters/chains/shackles (dual form)",
"*bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt*": "prison house/house of custody/house of visitation",
"*bêt*": "appears as both בבית and בֵֽית in text"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.12",
"source": "וּבַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הֽ͏ַחֲמִישִׁי֙ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ הִ֗יא שְׁנַת֙ תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֑ל בָּ֗א נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים עָמַ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "*û*-*ba*-*ḥōdeš* *ha*-*ḥămîšî* *be*-*ʿāśôr* *la*-*ḥōdeš* *hîʾ* *šənat* *təšaʿ*-*ʿeśrê* *šānâ* *la*-*melek* *nəbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek*-*bābel* *bāʾ* *nəbûzarʾădān* *rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm* *ʿāmad* *li*-*pnê* *melek*-*bābel* *bî*-*rûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*û*-*ba*-*ḥōdeš*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun - and in the month",
"*ha*-*ḥămîšî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the fifth",
"*be*-*ʿāśôr*": "preposition + cardinal number - on the tenth [day]",
"*la*-*ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - of the month",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it [was]",
"*šənat*": "noun construct - year of",
"*təšaʿ*-*ʿeśrê*": "cardinal number - nineteen",
"*šānâ*": "noun, feminine - year",
"*la*-*melek*": "preposition + noun - for the king",
"*nəbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came",
"*nəbûzarʾădān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan",
"*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "noun construct + noun, plural - chief of guards/executioners",
"*ʿāmad*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood",
"*li*-*pnê*": "preposition + noun construct plural - before",
"*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon",
"*bî*-*rûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "captain of the guard/chief executioner/chief of bodyguards",
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/served/attended",
"*li*-*pnê*": "before/in the presence of"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.13",
"source": "וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית הַגָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃",
"text": "*wa*-*yiśrōp* *ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh* *wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt* *ha*-*melek* *wə*-*ʾēt* *kāl*-*bāttê* *yərûšālaim* *wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl* *śārap* *bā*-*ʾēš*",
"grammar": {
"*wa*-*yiśrōp*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned",
"*ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh*": "direct object marker + noun construct + divine name - house of YHWH",
"*wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct - and house of",
"*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king",
"*wə*-*ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*kāl*-*bāttê*": "noun construct + noun construct plural - all houses of",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + noun construct - and every house",
"*ha*-*gādôl*": "definite article + adjective - the great",
"*śārap*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned",
"*bā*-*ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - with the fire"
},
"variants": {
"*yiśrōp*": "burned/set on fire",
"*bêt*-*yhwh*": "house of YHWH/temple",
"*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl*": "great house/important building/palace"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.14",
"source": "וְאֶת־כָּל־חֹמ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם סָבִ֑יב נָֽתְצוּ֙ כָּל־חֵ֣יל כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֶת־רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*ḥōmôt* *yərûšālaim* *sābîb* *nātəṣû* *kāl*-*ḥêl* *kaśdîm* *ʾăšer* *ʾet*-*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*ḥōmôt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + noun construct plural - and all walls of",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around",
"*nātəṣû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they broke down",
"*kāl*-*ḥêl*": "noun construct + noun construct - all army of",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which",
"*ʾet*-*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "direct object marker + noun construct + noun, plural - [with] the captain of the guard"
},
"variants": {
"*nātəṣû*": "broke down/tore down/demolished",
"*ḥêl*": "army/forces/troops",
"*ʾăšer* *ʾet*-*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "who were with the captain of the guard/under the command of the captain of the guard"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.15",
"source": "וּמִדַּלּ֨וֹת הָעָ֜ם וְֽאֶת־יֶ֥תֶר הָעָ֣ם ׀ הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּעִ֗יר וְאֶת־הַנֹּֽפְלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽפְלוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת יֶ֣תֶר הָֽאָמ֑וֹן הֶגְלָ֕ה נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃",
"text": "And from *dalōt* the *ʿām* and *ʾet*-*yeter* the *ʿām* the *nišʾārim* in the *ʿîr* and *ʾet*-the *nōpəlîm* who *nāpəlû* to-*melek* *bābel* and *ʾēt* *yeter* the *ʾāmôn* *heglâ* *nəbûzarʾădān* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*dalōt*": "construct feminine plural - poor/weak ones",
"*ʿām*": "masculine singular - people",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yeter*": "construct masculine singular - remainder/rest of",
"*nišʾārim*": "niphal participle masculine plural - those remaining/left",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular - city",
"*nōpəlîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - those falling/deserting",
"*nāpəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they fell/deserted",
"*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾāmôn*": "masculine singular - crowd/multitude",
"*heglâ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he exiled/carried away",
"*nəbûzarʾădān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan",
"*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers"
},
"variants": {
"*dalōt*": "poor/weak/lowest class",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/common people",
"*yeter*": "remainder/rest/remnant/excellence",
"*nišʾārim*": "those remaining/those left/those surviving",
"*nōpəlîm*": "those falling/deserting/defecting",
"*ʾāmôn*": "crowd/multitude/artisans/craftsmen",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.16",
"source": "וּמִדַּלּ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ הִשְׁאִ֕יר נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים לְכֹרְמִ֖ים וּלְיֹגְבִֽים׃",
"text": "And from *dalōt* the *ʾāreṣ* *hišʾîr* *nəbûzarʾădān* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm* for-*kōrəmîm* and-for-*yōgəḇîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*dalōt*": "construct feminine plural - poor/weak ones",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - land/earth",
"*hišʾîr*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he left/allowed to remain",
"*nəbûzarʾădān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan",
"*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers",
"*kōrəmîm*": "masculine plural - vinedressers/vine-keepers",
"*yōgəḇîm*": "masculine plural - farmers/plowmen/field workers"
},
"variants": {
"*dalōt*": "poor/weak/lowest class",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory",
"*hišʾîr*": "left behind/allowed to remain/spared",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks",
"*yōgəḇîm*": "farmers/plowmen/field workers/tillers"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.17",
"source": "וְאֶת־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־יְהוָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֞וֹת וְאֶת־יָ֧ם הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְּר֣וּ כַשְׂדִּ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־כָּל־נְחֻשְׁתָּ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-*ʿammûdê* the *nəḥōšet* which for-*bêt*-*YHWH* and *ʾet*-the *məkōnôt* and *ʾet*-*yām* the *nəḥōšet* which in-*bêt*-*YHWH* *šibbərû* *kaśdîm* and-*yiśʾû* *ʾet*-all-*nəḥuštām* *bāḇelâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿammûdê*": "construct masculine plural - pillars/columns of",
"*nəḥōšet*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*bêt*": "construct masculine singular - house of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*məkōnôt*": "feminine plural - stands/bases",
"*yām*": "masculine singular - sea/large basin",
"*šibbərû*": "piel perfect 3rd plural - they broke/shattered",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun masculine plural - Chaldeans",
"*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they carried/took away",
"*nəḥuštām*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their bronze",
"*bāḇelâ*": "proper noun with directional *-â* - to Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿammûdê*": "pillars/columns/supports",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*məkōnôt*": "stands/bases/pedestals",
"*yām*": "sea/large basin/laver",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians",
"*nəḥuštām*": "their bronze/their copper/their brass objects"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.18",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠סִּרוֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַֽמְזַמְּר֜וֹת וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹ֣ת וְאֶת־הַכַּפּ֔וֹת וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֧י הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־יְשָׁרְת֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם לָקָֽחוּ׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-the *sîrôt* and *ʾet*-the *yāʿîm* and *ʾet*-the *məzammərôt* and *ʾet*-the *mizrāqōt* and *ʾet*-the *kappôt* and *ʾēt* all-*kəlê* the *nəḥōšet* which-*yəšārətû* with-them *lāqāḥû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*sîrôt*": "feminine plural - pots/cauldrons",
"*yāʿîm*": "masculine plural - shovels/scrapers",
"*məzammərôt*": "feminine plural - snuffers/tongs/pruning hooks",
"*mizrāqōt*": "masculine plural - bowls/basins",
"*kappôt*": "feminine plural - dishes/spoons/palms",
"*kəlê*": "construct masculine plural - vessels/implements of",
"*nəḥōšet*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*yəšārətû*": "piel imperfect 3rd plural - they ministered/served",
"*lāqāḥû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they took/carried away"
},
"variants": {
"*sîrôt*": "pots/cauldrons/cooking vessels",
"*yāʿîm*": "shovels/scrapers/fire pans",
"*məzammərôt*": "snuffers/tongs/pruning hooks/shears",
"*mizrāqōt*": "bowls/basins/sprinkling vessels",
"*kappôt*": "dishes/spoons/palms/small bowls",
"*kəlê*": "vessels/implements/utensils/instruments",
"*yəšārətû*": "they ministered/served/performed service"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.19",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠סִּפִּים וְאֶת־הַמַּחְתּ֨וֹת וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֜וֹת וְאֶת־הַסִּיר֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹר֗וֹת וְאֶת־הַכַּפּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַמְּנַקִי֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר זָהָב֙ זָהָ֔ב וַאֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֖סֶף כָּ֑סֶף לָקַ֖ח רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-the *sippîm* and *ʾet*-the *maḥtôt* and *ʾet*-the *mizrāqôt* and *ʾet*-the *sîrôt* and *ʾet*-the *mənōrôt* and *ʾet*-the *kappôt* and *ʾet*-the *mənaqîyôt* which *zāhāḇ* *zāhāḇ* and-which-*kesep* *kāsep* *lāqaḥ* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*sippîm*": "masculine plural - basins/cups/thresholds",
"*maḥtôt*": "feminine plural - firepans/censers/snuffdishes",
"*mizrāqôt*": "masculine plural - bowls/basins",
"*sîrôt*": "feminine plural - pots/cauldrons",
"*mənōrôt*": "feminine plural - lampstands/candlesticks",
"*kappôt*": "feminine plural - dishes/spoons/palms",
"*mənaqîyôt*": "feminine plural - libation cups/drink offerings",
"*zāhāḇ*": "masculine singular - gold (doubled for emphasis)",
"*kesep*": "masculine singular - silver (doubled for emphasis)",
"*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took",
"*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers"
},
"variants": {
"*sippîm*": "basins/cups/thresholds/doorposts",
"*maḥtôt*": "firepans/censers/snuffdishes/coal carriers",
"*mizrāqôt*": "bowls/basins/sprinkling vessels",
"*sîrôt*": "pots/cauldrons/cooking vessels",
"*mənōrôt*": "lampstands/candlesticks/menorahs",
"*kappôt*": "dishes/spoons/palms/small bowls",
"*mənaqîyôt*": "libation cups/drink offerings/sacrificial bowls",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.20",
"source": "הָעַמּוּדִ֣ים ׀ שְׁנַ֗יִם הַיָּ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְהַבָּקָ֞ר שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣חַת הַמְּכֹנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה לֹא־הָיָ֣ה מִשְׁקָ֔ל לִנְחֻשְׁתָּ֖ם כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃",
"text": "The *ʿammûdîm* two, the *yām* one, and-the *bāqār* twelve *nəḥōšet* which-under the *məkōnôt* which *ʿāśâ* the *melek* *šəlōmōh* for-*bêt* *YHWH*, *lōʾ*-*hāyâ* *mišqāl* to-*nəḥuštām* all-the *kēlîm* the these.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿammûdîm*": "masculine plural - pillars/columns",
"*šənayim*": "cardinal number - two",
"*yām*": "masculine singular - sea/large basin",
"*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one",
"*bāqār*": "collective masculine singular - oxen/cattle",
"*šənêm-ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - twelve",
"*nəḥōšet*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*məkōnôt*": "feminine plural - stands/bases",
"*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made",
"*melek*": "masculine singular - king",
"*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon",
"*bêt*": "construct masculine singular - house of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/existed",
"*mišqāl*": "masculine singular - weight/measure",
"*nəḥuštām*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their bronze",
"*kēlîm*": "masculine plural - vessels/implements",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿammûdîm*": "pillars/columns/supports",
"*yām*": "sea/large basin/laver",
"*bāqār*": "oxen/cattle/bulls",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*məkōnôt*": "stands/bases/pedestals",
"*kēlîm*": "vessels/implements/utensils/instruments",
"*mišqāl*": "weight/measure/assessment"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.21",
"source": "וְהָעַמּוּדִ֗ים שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה אַמָּה֙ *קומה **קוֹמַת֙ הָעַמֻּ֣ד הָאֶחָ֔ד וְח֛וּט שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה יְסֻבֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָבְי֛וֹ אַרְבַּ֥ע אַצְבָּע֖וֹת נָבֽוּב׃",
"text": "And-the *ʿammûdîm*, eighteen *ʾammâ* *qômat* the *ʿammûd* the *ʾeḥād*, and-*ḥûṭ* twelve *ʾammâ* *yəsubbennû*, and-*ʿāḇyô* four *ʾeṣbāʿôt* *nāḇûḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿammûdîm*": "masculine plural - pillars/columns",
"*šəmōneh ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - eighteen",
"*ʾammâ*": "feminine singular - cubit (measure)",
"*qômat*": "construct feminine singular - height of",
"*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular - pillar/column",
"*ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular - one/first",
"*ḥûṭ*": "masculine singular - thread/cord/measuring line",
"*šəttêm-ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve",
"*yəsubbennû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it could encompass it",
"*ʿāḇyô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its thickness",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "cardinal number - four",
"*ʾeṣbāʿôt*": "feminine plural - fingers (as measure)",
"*nāḇûḇ*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - hollow"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿammûdîm*": "pillars/columns/supports",
"*qômat*": "height/stature/standing height",
"*ḥûṭ*": "thread/cord/measuring line/circumference",
"*yəsubbennû*": "it could encompass it/it would surround it/it could encircle it",
"*ʿāḇyô*": "its thickness/its width/its density",
"*nāḇûḇ*": "hollow/empty/tube-like"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.22",
"source": "וְכֹתֶ֨רֶת עָלָ֜יו נְחֹ֗שֶׁת וְקוֹמַ֨ת הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הָאַחַת֮ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּוֹת֒ וּשְׂבָכָ֨ה וְרִמּוֹנִ֧ים עַֽל־הַכּוֹתֶ֛רֶת סָבִ֖יב הַכֹּ֣ל נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְכָאֵ֛לֶּה לַֽעַמּ֥וּד הַשֵּׁנִ֖י וְרִמּוֹנִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*kōteret* upon-it *nəḥōšet*, and-*qômat* the *kōteret* the *ʾaḥat* five *ʾammôt*, and-*śəḇākâ* and-*rimmônîm* upon-the *kôteret* *sāḇîḇ* the all *nəḥōšet*, and-like-these for-the *ʿammûd* the *šēnî* and-*rimmônîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*kōteret*": "feminine singular - capital/crown",
"*ʿālāw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it",
"*nəḥōšet*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*qômat*": "construct feminine singular - height of",
"*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular - one/first",
"*ḥāmēš*": "cardinal number - five",
"*ʾammôt*": "feminine plural - cubits (measure)",
"*śəḇākâ*": "feminine singular - network/lattice work",
"*rimmônîm*": "masculine plural - pomegranates",
"*kôteret*": "feminine singular - capital/crown",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*kōl*": "masculine singular - all/whole/entirety",
"*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular - pillar/column",
"*šēnî*": "masculine singular ordinal - second"
},
"variants": {
"*kōteret*": "capital/crown/ornamental top",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*qômat*": "height/stature/standing height",
"*śəḇākâ*": "network/lattice work/mesh decoration",
"*rimmônîm*": "pomegranates/ornaments",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "around/surrounding/encircling"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.23",
"source": "וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה ר֑וּחָה כָּל־הָרִמּוֹנִ֥ים מֵאָ֛ה עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃",
"text": "And-*yihyû* the *rimmōnîm* ninety and-six *rûḥâ*, all-the *rimmônîm* hundred upon-the *śəḇākâ* *sāḇîḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd plural - they were",
"*rimmōnîm*": "masculine plural - pomegranates",
"*tišʿîm wəšiššâ*": "cardinal number - ninety-six",
"*rûḥâ*": "feminine singular with directional *-â* - directionally/towards the side",
"*kōl*": "masculine singular construct - all of",
"*rimmônîm*": "masculine plural - pomegranates",
"*mēʾâ*": "cardinal number - hundred",
"*śəḇākâ*": "feminine singular - network/lattice work",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding"
},
"variants": {
"*rimmōnîm*": "pomegranates/ornaments",
"*rûḥâ*": "directionally/towards the side/windward/exposed side",
"*śəḇākâ*": "network/lattice work/mesh decoration",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "around/surrounding/encircling"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.24",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח רַב־טַבָּחִ֗ים אֶת־שְׂרָיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֖ה כֹּהֵ֣ן הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּֽף׃",
"text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm* *ʾet*-*śərāyâ* *kōhēn* the *rōʾš* and *ʾet*-*ṣəpanyâ* *kōhēn* the *mišneh* and *ʾet*-three *šōmərê* the *sap*.",
"grammar": {
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took",
"*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*śərāyâ*": "proper noun - Seraiah",
"*kōhēn*": "masculine singular - priest",
"*rōʾš*": "masculine singular - head/chief",
"*ṣəpanyâ*": "proper noun - Zephaniah",
"*mišneh*": "masculine singular - second/deputy",
"*šəlōšet*": "construct cardinal number - three of",
"*šōmərê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - keepers of",
"*sap*": "masculine singular - threshold/doorway"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks",
"*kōhēn*": "priest/minister",
"*rōʾš*": "head/chief/high (priest)",
"*mišneh*": "second/deputy/assistant",
"*šōmərê*": "keepers/guardians/watchmen",
"*sap*": "threshold/doorway/entrance"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.25",
"source": "וּמִן־הָעִ֡יר לָקַח֩ סָרִ֨יס אֶחָ֜ד אֲֽשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה פָקִ֣יד ׀ עַל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְשִׁבְעָ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מֵרֹאֵ֤י פְנֵי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצְא֣וּ בָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֗ת סֹפֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א הַמַּצְבִּ֖א אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "And-from-the *ʿîr* *lāqaḥ* *sārîs* one who-*hāyâ* *pāqîd* over-*ʾanšê* the *milḥāmâ* and-seven *ʾănāšîm* from-*rōʾê* *pənê*-the *melek* who *nimṣəʾû* in-the *ʿîr* and *ʾēt*-*sōpēr* *śar* the *ṣāḇāʾ* the-*maṣbîʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ* and-sixty *ʾîš* from-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ* the-*nimṣāʾîm* in-*tôk* the *ʿîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular - city",
"*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took",
"*sārîs*": "masculine singular - official/eunuch",
"*ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular - one",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/had been",
"*pāqîd*": "masculine singular - overseer/officer",
"*ʾanšê*": "construct masculine plural - men of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular - war/battle",
"*šiḇʿâ*": "cardinal number - seven",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural - men",
"*rōʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - seers of",
"*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of",
"*melek*": "masculine singular - king",
"*nimṣəʾû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they were found",
"*sōpēr*": "masculine singular - scribe/secretary",
"*śar*": "masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*ṣāḇāʾ*": "masculine singular - army/host",
"*maṣbîʾ*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - mustering/conscripting",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - land/earth",
"*šiššîm*": "cardinal number - sixty",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man/each man",
"*nimṣāʾîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - those being found",
"*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿîr*": "city/town",
"*sārîs*": "official/eunuch/court officer",
"*pāqîd*": "overseer/officer/commander",
"*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/fighting men",
"*rōʾê*": "seers/those who see/those having access to",
"*pənê*": "face/presence/before",
"*nimṣəʾû*": "they were found/they happened to be/they were present",
"*sōpēr*": "scribe/secretary/record keeper",
"*śar*": "chief/commander/captain",
"*ṣāḇāʾ*": "army/host/troops",
"*maṣbîʾ*": "mustering/conscripting/gathering for war",
"*tôk*": "midst/among/inside"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.26",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח אוֹתָ֔ם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים וַיֹּ֧לֶךְ אוֹתָ֛ם אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל רִבְלָֽתָה׃",
"text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾôtām* *nəbûzarʾădān* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm* and-*yōlek* *ʾôtām* to-*melek* *bāḇel* *riḇlātâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*nəbûzarʾădān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan",
"*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers",
"*yōlek*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought/led",
"*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*riḇlātâ*": "proper noun with directional *-â* - to Riblah"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks",
"*yōlek*": "brought/led/conducted"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.27",
"source": "וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אוֹתָם֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֧ל וַיְמִתֵ֛ם בְּרִבְלָ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיִּ֥גֶל יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*yakkeh* *ʾôtām* *melek* *bāḇel* and-*yəmîtēm* in-*riḇlâ* in-*ʾereṣ* *ḥămāt*, and-*yigel* *yəhûdâ* from-over *ʾadmātô*.",
"grammar": {
"*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yəmîtēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he put them to death",
"*riḇlâ*": "proper noun - Riblah",
"*ʾereṣ*": "construct feminine singular - land of",
"*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath",
"*yigel*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he exiled",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over/from upon",
"*ʾadmātô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its land/soil"
},
"variants": {
"*yakkeh*": "struck/hit/attacked",
"*yəmîtēm*": "put them to death/killed them/executed them",
"*yigel*": "exiled/carried away/removed",
"*ʾadmātô*": "its land/its soil/its territory"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.28",
"source": "זֶ֣ה הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶגְלָ֖ה נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֕בַע יְהוּדִ֕ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃",
"text": "This is the *ʿām* which *heglâ* *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar* in *šānat*-seven *Yəhûḏîm* three *ʾălāp̄îm* and twenty and three.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular - people",
"*heglâ*": "Hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he exiled/carried away",
"*Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*šānat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of",
"*Yəhûḏîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans",
"*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thousands"
},
"variants": {
"*heglâ*": "deported/exiled/carried away",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.29",
"source": "בִּשְׁנַ֛ת שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃",
"text": "In *šənat* eighteen to *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*, from *Yərûšālaim* *nep̄eš* eight *mēʾôt* thirty and two.",
"grammar": {
"*šənat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of",
"*Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition ל - to/for Nebuchadnezzar",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition מ - from Jerusalem",
"*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine, singular - soul/person",
"*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hundreds"
},
"variants": {
"*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life/individual"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.30",
"source": "בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שָׁלֹ֣שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֮ לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֒ הֶגְלָ֗ה נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים יְהוּדִ֕ים נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה כָּל־נֶ֕פֶשׁ אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ",
"text": "In *šənat* three and twenty to *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*, *heglâ* *Nəbûzarʾăḏān* *rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm* *Yəhûḏîm* *nep̄eš* seven *mēʾôt* forty and five; all-*nep̄eš* four *ʾălāp̄îm* and six *mēʾôt*.",
"grammar": {
"*šənat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of",
"*heglâ*": "Hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he exiled/carried away",
"*Nəbûzarʾăḏān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan",
"*rab*": "construct form of noun, masculine, singular - chief of",
"*ṭabbāḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - guards/executioners/bodyguards",
"*Yəhûḏîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans",
"*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine, singular - soul/person",
"*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hundreds",
"*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thousands"
},
"variants": {
"*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "captain of the guard/chief executioner/chief of the bodyguard",
"*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life/individual"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.31",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְגָלוּת֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ן מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ חֹ֔דֶשׁ בְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ נָשָׂ֡א אֱוִ֣יל מְרֹדַךְ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֜ל בִּשְׁנַ֣ת מַלְכֻת֗וֹ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּצֵ֥א אוֹת֖וֹ מִבֵּ֥ית הַכְּלֽוּא׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* in thirty and seven *šānâ* to *gālût* *Yəhôyāḵîn* *meleḵ*-*Yəhûḏâ*, in twelve *ḥōḏeš*, in twenty and five to the *ḥōḏeš*, *nāśāʾ* *ʾĔwîl məroḏaḵ* *meleḵ* *Bāḇel* in *šənat* his *malḵût* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* *Yəhôyāḵîn* *meleḵ*-*Yəhûḏâ* and *wayyōṣēʾ* him from *bêt* *haklûʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*šānâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - year",
"*gālût*": "noun, feminine, singular - exile",
"*Yəhôyāḵîn*": "proper noun - Jehoiachin",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - king of",
"*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ḥōḏeš*": "noun, masculine, singular - month",
"*nāśāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - lifted up",
"*ʾĔwîl məroḏaḵ*": "proper noun - Evil-merodach",
"*Bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*šənat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of",
"*malḵût*": "noun, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular - head",
"*wayyōṣēʾ*": "Hifil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - house of",
"*haklûʾ*": "noun with definite article - prison/confinement"
},
"variants": {
"*nāśāʾ* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*": "lifted up the head/showed favor/exalted",
"*haklûʾ*": "prison/confinement/imprisonment"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.32",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ טֹב֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מִמַּ֗עַל לְכִסֵּ֧א הַמְּלָכִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בְּבָבֶֽל׃",
"text": "And *wayəḏabbēr* with him *ṭōḇôt*, and *wayyittēn* *ʾet*-his *kissēʾ* from *maʿal* to *kissēʾ* the *məlāḵîm* which with him in *Bāḇel*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəḏabbēr*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he spoke",
"*ṭōḇôt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - good things",
"*wayyittēn*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he set/placed",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kissēʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - throne",
"*maʿal*": "preposition - above",
"*məlāḵîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the kings",
"*Bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭōḇôt*": "good things/kindly/favorably",
"*maʿal*": "above/over/beyond"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.33",
"source": "וְשִׁנָּ֕ה אֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י כִלְא֑וֹ וְאָכַ֨ל לֶ֧חֶם לְפָנָ֛יו תָּמִ֖יד כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽו׃",
"text": "And *šinnâ* *ʾēt* *biḡḏê* his *kilʾô*, and *ʾāḵal* *leḥem* before him *tāmîḏ* all-*yəmê* his *ḥayyāw*.",
"grammar": {
"*šinnâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he changed",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*biḡḏê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - garments of",
"*kilʾô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his imprisonment",
"*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ate",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine, singular - bread/food",
"*tāmîḏ*": "adverb - continually/regularly",
"*yəmê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - days of",
"*ḥayyāw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life"
},
"variants": {
"*biḡḏê* *kilʾô*": "prison garments/clothes of his imprisonment",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/meal"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.52.34",
"source": "וַאֲרֻחָת֗וֹ אֲרֻחַת֩ תָּמִ֨יד נִתְּנָה־לּ֜וֹ מֵאֵ֧ת מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמ֖וֹ עַד־י֣וֹם מוֹת֑וֹ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃",
"text": "And his *ʾăruḥātô*, *ʾăruḥat* *tāmîḏ* *nittənâ*-to him from *meleḵ*-*Bāḇel* *dəḇar*-*yôm* in *yômô* until-*yôm* his *môtô*, all *yəmê* his *ḥayyāw*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăruḥātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his allowance/portion",
"*ʾăruḥat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - allowance of",
"*tāmîḏ*": "adverb - continually/regularly",
"*nittənâ*": "Nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was given",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - king of",
"*Bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - matter of",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day",
"*yômô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its day",
"*môtô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his death",
"*yəmê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - days of",
"*ḥayyāw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăruḥat*": "allowance/portion/food allowance",
"*dəḇar*-*yôm* *bəyômô*": "daily portion/matter of a day in its day/daily provision"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.1",
"source": "אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַּבָּ֣תִי בַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ ס",
"text": "How *yāšəḇāh* *bādād* the city *rabbāṯî* people; *hāyəṯāh* like *ʾalmānāh*; *rabbāṯî* among the *gôyim*, *śārāṯî* in the provinces, *hāyəṯāh* to *mas*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sat/dwelt/remained",
"*bādād*": "masculine singular noun in adverbial position - alone/solitary",
"*hāʿîr*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the city",
"*rabbāṯî*": "feminine construct adjective with 1st person suffix - great of/full of",
"*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has become",
"*kəʾalmānāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a widow",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*śārāṯî*": "feminine construct noun with 1st person suffix - princess of",
"*bammədînôṯ*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine plural - in the provinces",
"*lāmas*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for tribute/forced labor"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾêḵāh*": "how/alas/oh how",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "sits/dwells/remains/is situated",
"*bādād*": "alone/solitary/isolated",
"*rabbāṯî*": "great of/abundant in/full of",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "became/has become/is",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/bereaved woman",
"*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*śārāṯî*": "princess of/ruler of/lady of",
"*məḏînôṯ*": "provinces/districts/regions",
"*mas*": "tribute/forced labor/vassal"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.2",
"source": "בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ ס",
"text": "*bāḵô* *ṯiḇkeh* in the *laylāh* *wə*-her *dimʿāṯāh* upon her *leḥĕyāh*, *ʾên*-to her *mənaḥēm* from all-her *ʾōhăḇeyhā*; all-her *rēʿeyhā* *bāḡəḏû* against her, *hāyû* to her to *ʾōyəḇîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*bāḵô*": "infinitive absolute - weeping",
"*ṯiḇkeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she weeps",
"*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the night",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*dimʿāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her tear",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*leḥĕyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cheek",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter",
"*mikkāl*": "preposition + noun - from all",
"*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lovers",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*rēʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her friends",
"*bāḡəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they betrayed",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*ləʾōyəḇîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to enemies"
},
"variants": {
"*bāḵô ṯiḇkeh*": "weeping she weeps/she weeps bitterly/she continually weeps",
"*laylāh*": "night/nighttime",
"*dimʿāṯāh*": "her tear/her tears",
"*leḥĕyāh*": "her cheek/her jaw",
"*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who comforts",
"*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "her lovers/those who love her/her allies",
"*rēʿeyhā*": "her friends/her companions/her associates",
"*bāḡəḏû*": "they betrayed/they acted treacherously/they dealt faithlessly",
"*ʾōyəḇîm*": "enemies/foes/adversaries"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.3",
"source": "גָּֽלְתָ֨ה יְהוּדָ֤ה מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ וּמֵרֹ֣ב עֲבֹדָ֔ה הִ֚יא יָשְׁבָ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א מָצְאָ֖ה מָנ֑וֹחַ כָּל־רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ין הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ ס",
"text": "*gāləṯāh* *yəhûḏāh* from *ʿōnî* *û*-from *rōḇ* *ʿăḇōḏāh*; *hîʾ* *yāšəḇāh* among the *gôyim*, *lōʾ* *māṣəʾāh* *mānôaḥ*; all-her *rōḏp̄eyhā* *hiśśîḡûhā* between the *məṣārîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*gāləṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she went into exile",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*mēʿōnî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from affliction",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mērōḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from abundance of",
"*ʿăḇōḏāh*": "noun, feminine singular - labor/servitude",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she dwells",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*māṣəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she found",
"*mānôaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - rest/resting place",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*rōḏp̄eyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her pursuers",
"*hiśśîḡûhā*": "hifil perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they overtook her",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*hamməṣārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the narrow places/straits"
},
"variants": {
"*gāləṯāh*": "went into exile/departed/was deported",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "Judah/the people of Judah",
"*ʿōnî*": "affliction/misery/poverty",
"*rōḇ*": "abundance/greatness/multitude",
"*ʿăḇōḏāh*": "labor/service/servitude/slavery",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "dwells/sits/resides/remains",
"*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*mānôaḥ*": "rest/resting place/place of repose",
"*rōḏp̄eyhā*": "her pursuers/those who chase her/her persecutors",
"*hiśśîḡûhā*": "they overtook her/they caught up with her/they reached her",
"*məṣārîm*": "narrow places/straits/distress/confined spaces"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.4",
"source": "דַּרְכֵ֨י צִיּ֜וֹן אֲבֵל֗וֹת מִבְּלִי֙ בָּאֵ֣י מוֹעֵ֔ד כָּל־שְׁעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ין כֹּהֲנֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱנָחִ֑ים בְּתוּלֹתֶ֥יהָ נּוּג֖וֹת וְהִ֥יא מַר־לָֽהּ׃ ס",
"text": "The *darḵê* *ṣîôn* *ʾăḇēlôṯ* without *bāʾê* *môʿēḏ*; all-her *šəʿāreyhā* *šômēmîn*; her *kōhăneyhā* *neʾĕnāḥîm*; her *bəṯûlōṯeyhā* *nûḡôṯ*, *wə*-*hîʾ* *mar*-to her.",
"grammar": {
"*darḵê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - roads/ways of",
"*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ʾăḇēlôṯ*": "qal participle, feminine plural - mourning",
"*mibblî*": "preposition + noun - without/from lack of",
"*bāʾê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those coming to",
"*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*šəʿāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her gates",
"*šômēmîn*": "qal participle, masculine plural - desolate",
"*kōhăneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her priests",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "nifal participle, masculine plural - groaning",
"*bəṯûlōṯeyhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virgins",
"*nûḡôṯ*": "nifal participle, feminine plural - grieving",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*mar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her"
},
"variants": {
"*darḵê*": "roads/ways/paths",
"*ṣîôn*": "Zion/Jerusalem",
"*ʾăḇēlôṯ*": "mourning/lamenting/in grief",
"*bāʾê môʿēḏ*": "festival-goers/pilgrims/those coming to the appointed feasts",
"*šəʿāreyhā*": "her gates/her entryways",
"*šômēmîn*": "desolate/deserted/ruined",
"*kōhăneyhā*": "her priests/her temple servants",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "groaning/sighing/mourning",
"*bəṯûlōṯeyhā*": "her virgins/her young women",
"*nûḡôṯ*": "grieving/mourning/afflicted",
"*mar*": "bitter/bitterness/grief"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.5",
"source": "הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ ס",
"text": "*hāyû* her *ṣāreyhā* to *rōʾš*, her *ʾōyəḇeyhā* *šālû*, *kî*-*YHWH* *hôḡāh* upon *rōḇ*-her *pəšāʿeyhā*; her *ʿôlāleyhā* *hāləḵû* *šəḇî* before-*ṣār*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*ṣāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her adversaries",
"*lərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to head/chief",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her enemies",
"*šālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they prosper",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he afflicted her",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - because of",
"*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - abundance/multitude of",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her transgressions",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her children",
"*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went",
"*šəḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāreyhā*": "her adversaries/her oppressors/her foes",
"*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "her enemies/her foes",
"*šālû*": "prosper/are at ease/succeed",
"*hôḡāh*": "afflicted her/caused her grief/punished her",
"*rōḇ*": "abundance/multitude/greatness",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "her transgressions/her rebellions/her sins",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "her children/her infants/her little ones",
"*šəḇî*": "captivity/exile",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe"
}
}