Genesis 43:31

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.43.31", "source": "וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ פָּנָ֖יו וַיֵּצֵ֑א וַיִּ֨תְאַפַּ֔ק וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׂ֥ימוּ לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yirḥaṣ* *pānāw* *wə-yēṣēʾ* *wə-yitʾappaq* *wə-yōʾmer* *śîmû* *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirḥaṣ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he washed", "*pānāw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*wə-yitʾappaq*": "conjunction + Hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he restrained himself", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*śîmû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - set/place", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirḥaṣ pānāw*": "and he washed his face/cleansed his face", "*wə-yitʾappaq*": "and he restrained himself/controlled himself/composed himself", "*śîmû lāḥem*": "set food/serve the meal/bring out bread" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ פָּנָ֖יו וַיֵּצֵ֑א וַיִּ֨תְאַפַּ֔ק וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׂ֥ימוּ לָֽחֶם׃

Transliteration

wə-yirḥaṣ pānāw wə-yēṣēʾ wə-yitʾappaq wə-yōʾmer śîmû lāḥem

Grammar Details

• *wə-yirḥaṣ*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he washed
• *pānāw*: noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face
• *wə-yēṣēʾ*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out
• *wə-yitʾappaq*: conjunction + Hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he restrained himself
• *wə-yōʾmer*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said
• *śîmû*: Qal imperative, masculine plural - set/place
• *lāḥem*: noun, masculine singular - bread/food

Word Meanings

• *wə-yirḥaṣ pānāw*: and he washed his face/cleansed his face
• *wə-yitʾappaq*: and he restrained himself/controlled himself/composed himself
• *śîmû lāḥem*: set food/serve the meal/bring out bread

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  After washing his face, he came out and, controlling himself, said, "Serve the food."

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he washed his face, and went out, and restrained himself, and said, Serve the meal.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And he wasshed his face and came out and refrayned himselfe and bad sett bread on the tabl

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan he had washed his face, he wente out, and refrayned him self, and sayde: set bred (on the table.)

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Afterward he washed his face, & came out, and refrained himselfe, and sayd, Set on meate.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he washed his face, and came out, and refrayned hym selfe, and sayde: set bread on the table.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, "Serve the meal."

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and he washeth his face, and goeth out, and refraineth himself, and saith, `Place bread.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And they put a meal ready for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians who were with him by themselves; because the Egyptians may not take food with the Hebrews, for that would make them unclean.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, "Serve the meal."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Then he washed his face and came out. With composure he said,“Set out the food.”

Referenced Verses

• Gen 45:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.45.1", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק לְכֹ֤ל הַנִּצָּבִים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָ֕א הוֹצִ֥יאוּ כָל־אִ֖ישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י וְלֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו׃", "text": "Wə-*lōʾ-yākōl* *Yôsēp̄* *ləhitʾappēq* *ləkōl* *hanniṣṣābîm* *ʿālāyw* *wayyiqrāʾ* *hôṣîʾû* *kāl-ʾîš* *mēʿālāy* wə-*lōʾ-ʿāmad* *ʾîš* *ʾittô* *bəhitwaddaʿ* *Yôsēp̄* *ʾel-ʾeḥāyw*", "grammar": { "וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and not was able'", "יוֹסֵ֜ף": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Joseph'", "לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק": "preposition + Hithpael infinitive construct - 'to restrain himself'", "לְכֹ֤ל": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - 'to all/before all'", "הַנִּצָּבִים֙": "definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - 'the ones standing'", "עָלָ֔יו": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'beside him/near him'", "וַיִּקְרָ֕א": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he called'", "הוֹצִ֥יאוּ": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - 'cause to go out/remove'", "כָל־אִ֖ישׁ": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - 'every man'", "מֵעָלָ֑י": "preposition + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - 'from upon me'", "וְלֹא־עָ֤מַד": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and not stood'", "אִישׁ֙": "noun masculine singular - 'man'", "אִתּ֔וֹ": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'with him'", "בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע": "preposition + Hithpael infinitive construct - 'when made himself known'", "יוֹסֵ֖ף": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Joseph'", "אֶל־אֶחָֽיו": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to his brothers'" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ-yākōl*": "was not able, could not", "*ləhitʾappēq*": "to restrain himself, to control himself, to contain himself", "*hanniṣṣābîm*": "the ones standing, those stationed, those present", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called out, and he proclaimed", "*hôṣîʾû*": "cause to go out, remove, send away", "*mēʿālāy*": "from upon me, from before me, from my presence", "*ʿāmad*": "stood, remained, was present", "*bəhitwaddaʿ*": "when making himself known, while revealing himself" } }
• Isa 42:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.42.14", "source": "הֶחֱשֵׁ֙יתִי֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם אַחֲרִ֖ישׁ אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֣ה אֶפְעֶ֔ה אֶשֹּׁ֥ם וְאֶשְׁאַ֖ף יָֽחַד׃", "text": "*heḥĕšêṯî* *mēʿôlām* *ʾaḥărîš* *ʾeṯʾappāq* *kayyôlēḏāh* *ʾep̄ʿeh* *ʾeššōm* *wəʾešʾap̄* *yāḥaḏ*", "grammar": { "*heḥĕšêṯî*": "1st person singular hiphil perfect verb - I have kept silent", "*mēʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from long ago/forever", "*ʾaḥărîš*": "1st person singular hiphil imperfect verb - I will be silent", "*ʾeṯʾappāq*": "1st person singular hithpael imperfect verb - I will restrain myself", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + definite article + qal participle, feminine singular - like the woman giving birth", "*ʾep̄ʿeh*": "1st person singular qal imperfect verb - I will cry out", "*ʾeššōm*": "1st person singular qal imperfect verb - I will pant/gasp", "*wəʾešʾap̄*": "conjunction + 1st person singular qal imperfect verb - and I will gasp", "*yāḥaḏ*": "adverb - together/at once" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕšêṯî*": "I have kept silent/I have held my peace/I have been still", "*ʿôlām*": "long ago/forever/ancient time", "*ʾaḥărîš*": "I will be silent/I will hold my peace/I will be still", "*ʾeṯʾappāq*": "I will restrain myself/I will hold back/I will control myself", "*yôlēḏāh*": "woman giving birth/woman in labor/one who gives birth", "*ʾep̄ʿeh*": "I will cry out/I will groan/I will pant", "*ʾeššōm*": "I will pant/I will gasp/I will breathe heavily", "*ʾešʾap̄*": "I will gasp/I will pant/I will breathe heavily", "*yāḥaḏ*": "together/at once/at the same time" } }
• Jer 31:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.16", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מִנְעִ֤י קוֹלֵךְ֙ מִבֶּ֔כִי וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ מִדִּמְעָ֑ה כִּי֩ יֵ֨שׁ שָׂכָ֤ר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אוֹיֵֽב׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*: *minʿî* *qôlēk* from *bekî* and *ʿênayik* from *dimʿâ*; for there is *śākār* for *pəʿullātēk*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, and *šābû* from *ʾereṣ* *ʾôyēb*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*minʿî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - restrain/withhold", "*qôlēk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your voice", "*bekî*": "noun, masculine singular - weeping", "*ʿênayik*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your eyes", "*dimʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tears", "*śākār*": "noun, masculine singular - reward", "*pəʿullātēk*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your work/labor", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration", "*šābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they will return", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land", "*ʾôyēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*minʿî*": "restrain/withhold/hold back", "*qôlēk*": "your voice/sound", "*bekî*": "weeping/crying", "*ʿênayik*": "your eyes", "*dimʿâ*": "tears/weeping", "*śākār*": "reward/wages/payment", "*pəʿullātēk*": "your work/labor/service", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*šābû*": "they will return/come back", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } }
• 1 Pet 3:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Peter.3.10", "source": "Ὁ γὰρ θέλων ζωὴν ἀγαπᾶν, καὶ ἰδεῖν ἡμέρας ἀγαθὰς, παυσάτω τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κακοῦ, καὶ χείλη αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ λαλῆσαι δόλον:", "text": "For the one *thelōn zōēn agapan*, and *idein hēmeras agathas*, let-him-*pausatō* the *glōssan* of-him from *kakou*, and *cheilē* of-him of the not to-*lalēsai dolon*:", "grammar": { "*thelōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - wanting/wishing", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*agapan*": "present active infinitive - to love", "*idein*": "aorist active infinitive - to see", "*hēmeras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - days", "*agathas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - good", "*pausatō*": "aorist active imperative, 3rd singular - let him cease/stop/restrain", "*glōssan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - tongue", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*kakou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - evil/bad/wrong", "*cheilē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - lips", "*tou mē*": "articular infinitive construction - of the not/to not", "*lalēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to speak", "*dolon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - deceit/guile/treachery" }, "variants": { "*thelōn*": "wanting/wishing/desiring", "*zōēn*": "life/existence", "*agapan*": "to love/to value/to esteem", "*idein*": "to see/to perceive/to experience", "*hēmeras*": "days/time periods", "*agathas*": "good/pleasant/beneficial", "*pausatō*": "let him cease/let him stop/let him restrain", "*glōssan*": "tongue/language/speech", "*kakou*": "evil/bad/wrong/harm", "*cheilē*": "lips/edges", "*lalēsai*": "to speak/to talk/to utter", "*dolon*": "deceit/guile/treachery/craftiness" } }