Isaiah 40:21

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.40.21", "source": "הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hălôʾ tēdʿû hălôʾ tišmāʿû hălôʾ huggad mērōʾš lākem hălôʾ hăbînōtem môsědôt hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'will you not'", "*tēdʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'know'", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'will you not'", "*tišmāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'hear'", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'has not'", "*huggad*": "hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'been told'", "*mērōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from beginning'", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'to you'", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'have you not'", "*hăbînōtem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'understood'", "*môsědôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'foundations of'", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the earth'" }, "variants": { "*tēdʿû*": "will you know/do you know", "*tišmāʿû*": "will you hear/do you hear", "*huggad mērōʾš*": "been told from the beginning/been declared from the start", "*hăbînōtem*": "understood/comprehended", "*môsědôt hāʾāreṣ*": "foundations of the earth/foundations of the land" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Transliteration

hălôʾ tēdʿû hălôʾ tišmāʿû hălôʾ huggad mērōʾš lākem hălôʾ hăbînōtem môsědôt hāʾāreṣ

Grammar Details

• *hălôʾ*: interrogative particle + negative particle - 'have you not'
• *tēdʿû*: qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'know'
• *tišmāʿû*: qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'hear'
• *huggad*: hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'been told'
• *mērōʾš*: preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from beginning'
• *lākem*: preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'to you'
• *hăbînōtem*: hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - 'understood'
• *môsědôt*: noun, feminine plural construct - 'foundations of'
• *hāʾāreṣ*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the earth'

Word Meanings

• *tēdʿû*: will you know/do you know
• *tišmāʿû*: will you hear/do you hear
• *huggad mērōʾš*: been told from the beginning/been declared from the start
• *hăbînōtem*: understood/comprehended
• *môsědôt hāʾāreṣ*: foundations of the earth/foundations of the land

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Do you not know? Have you not heard? Has it not been told to you from the beginning? Have you not understood since the foundations of the earth?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Have ye not known? have yet not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Knowe ye not this? Herde ye neuer of it? Hath it not bene preached vnto you sence the hegynnynge? Haue ye not bene enfourmed of this, sence the foundacion of ye earth was layde:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Know ye nothing? haue ye not heard it? hath it not bene tolde you from the beginning? haue ye not vnderstand it by the foundation of the earth?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Knowe ye nothyng? hearde ye neuer of it? hath it not ben preached vnto you since the beginning? haue ye not ben enfourmed of this by the foundation of the earth?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Have you not known? have yet not heard? has it not been told you from the beginning? have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Do ye not know -- do ye not hear? Hath it not been declared from the first to you? Have ye not understood `From' the foundations of the earth?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Have ye not known? have yet not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Have ye not known? have yet not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Have you no knowledge of it? has it not come to your ears? has not news of it been given to you from the first? has it not been clear to you from the time when the earth was placed on its base?

• World English Bible (2000)

  Haven't you known? Haven't you heard, yet? Haven't you been told from the beginning? Haven't you understood from the foundations of the earth?

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made?

Referenced Verses

• Acts 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Acts.14.17", "source": "Καίτοιγε οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον ἑαυτὸν ἀφῆκεν, ἀγαθοποιῶν, οὐρανόθεν ἡμῖν ὑετοὺς διδοὺς, καὶ καιροὺς καρποφόρους, ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν.", "text": "*Kaitoige* not *amartyron* himself *aphēken*, *agathopoiōn*, from *ouranothen* to us *hyetous* *didous*, and *kairous* *karpophorous*, *empiplōn* of *trophēs* and *euphrosynēs* the *kardias* of us.", "grammar": { "*Kaitoige*": "conjunction - although/and yet", "*amartyron*": "accusative masculine singular - without witness", "*aphēken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - left/allowed", "*agathopoiōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - doing good", "*ouranothen*": "adverb - from heaven", "*hyetous*": "accusative masculine plural - rains", "*didous*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - giving", "*kairous*": "accusative masculine plural - seasons/times", "*karpophorous*": "accusative masculine plural - fruit-bearing/fruitful", "*empiplōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - filling", "*trophēs*": "genitive feminine singular - food/nourishment", "*euphrosynēs*": "genitive feminine singular - gladness/joy", "*kardias*": "accusative feminine plural - hearts" }, "variants": { "*amartyron heauton aphēken*": "he did not leave himself without witness/he did not leave himself without testimony", "*agathopoiōn*": "doing good/bestowing benefits", "*hyetous*": "rains/rainfall", "*kairous karpophorous*": "fruitful seasons/fruit-bearing times", "*empiplōn trophēs kai euphrosynēs*": "filling with food and joy/filling with nourishment and gladness" } }
• Rom 1:19-21 : 19 { "verseID": "Romans.1.19", "source": "Διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς· ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν.", "text": "*Dioti* the *gnōston* the *Theou* *phaneron* *estin* *en* *autois*· the *gar* *Theos* *autois* *ephanerōsen*.", "grammar": { "*Dioti*": "conjunction - because", "*gnōston*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - known", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*phaneron*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - manifest/evident", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - to them", "*ephanerōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - revealed/manifested" }, "variants": { "*Dioti*": "because/for/since", "*gnōston*": "known/knowable/what can be known", "*phaneron*": "manifest/evident/plain", "*ephanerōsen*": "revealed/manifested/made known" } } 20 { "verseID": "Romans.1.20", "source": "Τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα, καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης· εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους:", "text": "The *gar* *aorata* *autou* *apo* *ktiseōs* *kosmou* the *poiēmasin* *nooumena*, *kathoratai*, the *te* *aidios* *autou* *dynamis* *kai* *theiotēs*· *eis* the *einai* *autous* *anapologētous*:", "grammar": { "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*aorata*": "nominative, neuter, plural, adjective - invisible things", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from/since", "*ktiseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - creation", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of world", "*poiēmasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - by things made", "*nooumena*": "present passive participle, nominative, neuter, plural - being understood", "*kathoratai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - are clearly seen", "*te*": "conjunction - both", "*aidios*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - eternal", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his", "*dynamis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - power", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*theiotēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - divine nature", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/resulting in", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*anapologētous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - without excuse" }, "variants": { "*aorata*": "invisible things/unseen attributes", "*ktiseōs*": "creation/founding", "*poiēmasin*": "things made/works/creations", "*nooumena*": "being understood/perceived/comprehended", "*kathoratai*": "are clearly seen/perceived/observed", "*aidios*": "eternal/everlasting", "*dynamis*": "power/might/strength", "*theiotēs*": "divine nature/divinity/godhead", "*anapologētous*": "without excuse/defenseless/inexcusable" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.1.21", "source": "Διότι, γνόντες τὸν Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν, ἢ εὐχαρίστησαν· ἀλλʼ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία.", "text": "*Dioti*, *gnontes* the *Theon*, *ouch* *hōs* *Theon* *edoxasan*, *ē* *eucharistēsan*· *all'* *emataiōthēsan* *en* the *dialogismois* *autōn*, *kai* *eskotisthē* the *asynetos* *autōn* *kardia*.", "grammar": { "*Dioti*": "conjunction - because", "*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*ouch*": "negative particle - not", "*hōs*": "adverb - as", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*edoxasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they glorified", "*ē*": "conjunction - or", "*eucharistēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they gave thanks", "*all'*": "conjunction - but", "*emataiōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became futile", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*dialogismois*": "dative, masculine, plural - reasoning/thoughts", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was darkened", "*asynetos*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - foolish/senseless", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*gnontes*": "having known/recognized/understood", "*edoxasan*": "they glorified/honored/praised", "*eucharistēsan*": "they gave thanks/were grateful", "*emataiōthēsan*": "they became futile/vain/empty", "*dialogismois*": "reasoning/thoughts/deliberations", "*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured/blinded", "*asynetos*": "foolish/senseless/without understanding", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self" } }
• Rom 1:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } }
• Rom 3:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Romans.3.1", "source": "¶Τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου; ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλεια τῆς περιτομῆς;", "text": "*Ti* therefore the *perisson* of the *Ioudaiou*? or what the *ōpheleia* of the *peritomēs*?", "grammar": { "*Ti*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*perisson*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, singular - advantage/superiority", "*Ioudaiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of Jewish person", "*ē*": "disjunctive particle - or", "*tis*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - what", "*ōpheleia*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - benefit/advantage", "*peritomēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of circumcision" }, "variants": { "*perisson*": "advantage/surplus/excess/what is special", "*Ioudaiou*": "Jew/Jewish person/Judean", "*ōpheleia*": "benefit/profit/advantage/usefulness" } } 2 { "verseID": "Romans.3.2", "source": "Πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον: πρῶτον, μὲν γὰρ ὅτι ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ.", "text": "*Poly kata panta tropon*: *prōton men gar hoti episteuthēsan ta logia tou Theou*.", "grammar": { "*Poly*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - much/great", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - according to", "*panta*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*tropon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - way/manner", "*prōton*": "adverb - firstly/in the first place", "*men*": "particle marking contrast with unstated *de* - indeed/on one hand", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*episteuthēsan*": "verb, aorist passive, 3rd person plural - they were entrusted with", "*ta logia*": "noun, nominative/accusative, neuter, plural - the oracles/words", "*tou Theou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of God" }, "variants": { "*Poly*": "much/great/many", "*tropon*": "way/manner/mode/method", "*episteuthēsan*": "were entrusted with/were believed/were trusted with", "*logia*": "oracles/sayings/utterances/divine words" } }
• Ps 19:1-5 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* *mizmôr* to-*dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - noun, masculine, singular, construct - choirmaster/director", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - psalm/song", "*dāwid*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/conductor/director of music/chief musician", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melodious song/musical composition", "*dāwid*": "David (proper name)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.2", "source": "הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃", "text": "The-*šāmayim* *məsappərîm* *kəḇôd*-*ʾēl* and-*maʿăśēh* *yādāyw* *maggid* the-*rāqîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute with definite article - heavens", "*məsappərîm*": "verb, piel participle, masculine, plural - telling/declaring/recounting", "*kəḇôd*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/honor", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - God/deity", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - work/deed", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual, construct with 3ms suffix - his hands", "*maggid*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine, singular - declaring/telling/proclaiming", "*rāqîaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - firmament/expanse" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*məsappərîm*": "declare/tell/recount/proclaim", "*kəḇôd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action/labor", "*yādāyw*": "his hands", "*maggid*": "declares/tells/proclaims/shows", "*rāqîaʿ*": "firmament/expanse/dome/vault (of heaven)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.3", "source": "י֣וֹם לְ֭יוֹם יַבִּ֣יעַֽ אֹ֑מֶר וְלַ֥יְלָה לְּ֝לַ֗יְלָה יְחַוֶּה־דָּֽעַת׃", "text": "*yôm* to-*yôm* *yabbîaʿ* *ʾōmer* and-*laylāh* to-*laylāh* *yəḥawweh*-*dāʿat*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3ms - pours out/utters", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/word/saying", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - night", "*yəḥawweh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3ms - declares/reveals", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "pours out/utters/gushes forth/bubbles over", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/word/saying/utterance", "*laylāh*": "night", "*yəḥawweh*": "reveals/declares/shows/tells", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/wisdom" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.4", "source": "אֵֽין־אֹ֭מֶר וְאֵ֣ין דְּבָרִ֑ים בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾēyn*-*ʾōmer* and-*ʾēyn* *dəḇārîm* *bəlî* *nišmāʿ* *qôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not/no", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/saying", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - words/things", "*bəlî*": "preposition - without", "*nišmāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - being heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their voice" }, "variants": { "*ʾēyn*": "there is not/no/without", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/saying/utterance", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*bəlî*": "without/lacking", "*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/being heard", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.5", "source": "בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ יָ֘צָ֤א קַוָּ֗ם וּבִקְצֵ֣ה תֵ֭בֵל מִלֵּיהֶ֑ם לַ֝שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שָֽׂם־אֹ֥הֶל בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "In-all-the-*ʾāreṣ* *yāṣāʾ* *qawwām* and-in-*qəṣēh* *tēḇēl* *millêhem* to-the-*šemeš* *śām*-*ʾōhel* in-them", "grammar": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute with definite article - earth/land", "*yāṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - goes out/has gone out", "*qawwām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their line/measuring line", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - end of", "*tēḇēl*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - world/inhabited world", "*millêhem*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct with 3mp suffix - their words", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular, absolute with definite article - sun", "*śām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - placed/set", "*ʾōhel*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - tent" }, "variants": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*yāṣāʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/extends", "*qawwām*": "their line/cord/measuring line/sound", "*qəṣēh*": "end/extremity/border", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited part/habitable land", "*millêhem*": "their words/utterances/matters", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*śām*": "set/placed/established", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/tabernacle" } }
• Ps 50:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.6", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ שָׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֓ים ׀ שֹׁפֵ֖ט ה֣וּא סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*Wayyaggidu* *shamayim* *tsidqo* for-*Elohim* *shophet* *hu* *selah*", "grammar": { "*Wayyaggidu*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they declared", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*tsidqo*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods", "*shophet*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - judging/a judge", "*hu*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*selah*": "interjection - musical notation, meaning uncertain" }, "variants": { "*Wayyaggidu*": "and they declare/and they will declare", "*shophet*": "judge/one who judges", "*selah*": "pause/musical interlude/lift up" } }
• Ps 115:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.115.8", "source": "כְּ֭מוֹהֶם יִהְי֣וּ עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־בֹּטֵ֣חַ בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "Like-them *yihyû* *ʿōśêhem*, all *ʾăšer*-*bōṭēaḥ* in-them.", "grammar": { "כְּמוֹהֶם": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix, 'like them'", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, 'they will be'", "*ʿōśêhem*": "participle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, 'makers-their'", "כֹּל": "noun, masculine singular construct, 'all/everyone'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle, 'who/that'", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular, 'trusting'", "בָּהֶם": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, 'in them'" }, "variants": { "*yihyû*": "will be/become", "*ʿōśêhem*": "their makers/their creators", "*ʾăšer*": "who/that/which", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "trusts/relies on/has confidence in" } }
• Isa 27:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.27.11", "source": "בִּיבֹ֤שׁ קְצִירָהּ֙ תִּשָּׁבַ֔רְנָה נָשִׁ֕ים בָּא֖וֹת מְאִיר֣וֹת אוֹתָ֑הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א עַם־בִּינוֹת֙ ה֔וּא עַל־כֵּן֙ לֹֽא־יְרַחֲמֶ֣נּוּ עֹשֵׂ֔הוּ וְיֹצְר֖וֹ לֹ֥א יְחֻנֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס", "text": "When-*yibōš* *qĕṣîrāh* *tiššābarnâ* *nāšîm* *bāʾôt* *mĕʾîrôt* *ʾôtāh* for not *ʿam*-*bînôt* *hûʾ* upon-therefore not-*yĕraḥămennû* *ʿōśēhû* and-*yōṣrô* not *yĕḥunnennû*", "grammar": { "*yibōš*": "Qal infinitive construct - withering/drying up", "*qĕṣîrāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her harvest/branches", "*tiššābarnâ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be broken", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*bāʾôt*": "Qal participle, feminine plural - coming", "*mĕʾîrôt*": "Hiphil participle, feminine plural - lighting/setting on fire", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct noun - people of", "*bînôt*": "feminine plural noun - understanding/discernment", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*yĕraḥămennû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will have compassion on him", "*ʿōśēhû*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his maker", "*yōṣrô*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his former/creator", "*yĕḥunnennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will be gracious to him" }, "variants": { "*yibōš*": "withering/drying up/becoming dry", "*qĕṣîrāh*": "her harvest/her branches/her twigs", "*tiššābarnâ*": "will be broken/will be shattered", "*mĕʾîrôt*": "lighting/setting on fire/kindling", "*bînôt*": "understanding/discernment/intelligence", "*yĕraḥămennû*": "will have compassion on him/will show mercy to him", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his maker/his creator", "*yōṣrô*": "his former/his creator/his fashioner", "*yĕḥunnennû*": "will be gracious to him/will show favor to him" } }
• Isa 44:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.44.20", "source": "רֹעֶ֣ה אֵ֔פֶר לֵ֥ב הוּתַ֖ל הִטָּ֑הוּ וְלֹֽא־יַצִּ֤יל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א יֹאמַ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא שֶׁ֖קֶר בִּימִינִֽי׃", "text": "*rōʿeh* *ʾēp̄er* *lēḇ* *hûṯal* *hiṭṭāhû* *wəlōʾ-yaṣṣîl* *ʾeṯ-nap̄šô* *wəlōʾ* *yōʾmar* *hălôʾ* *šeqer* *bîmînî*", "grammar": { "*rōʿeh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - feeding on", "*ʾēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular - ashes", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*hûṯal*": "verb, hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is deceived", "*hiṭṭāhû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - has led him astray", "*wəlōʾ-yaṣṣîl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he cannot deliver", "*ʾeṯ-nap̄šô*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is not", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - a lie", "*bîmînî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - in my right hand" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh ʾēp̄er*": "feeding on ashes/shepherding ashes/tending to ashes", "*lēḇ hûṯal*": "a deceived heart/a deluded heart", "*hiṭṭāhû*": "has led him astray/has turned him aside/has deluded him", "*yaṣṣîl*": "deliver/save/rescue", "*nap̄šô*": "his soul/his life/himself", "*šeqer*": "lie/falsehood/deception", "*bîmînî*": "in my right hand/in my power" } }
• Isa 46:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.8", "source": "זִכְרוּ־זֹ֖את וְהִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ הָשִׁ֥יבוּ פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים עַל־לֵֽב׃", "text": "*zikrû-zōʾt* wə-*hitʾōšāšû*; *hāšîbû pôšəʿîm* upon-*lēb*.", "grammar": { "*zikrû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - remember", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this", "*hitʾōšāšû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural, hitpael - be men/show yourselves strong", "*hāšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural, hiphil - bring back/return", "*pôšəʿîm*": "participle, masculine, plural - transgressors/rebels", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine, singular - heart/mind" }, "variants": { "*zikrû*": "remember/recall/call to mind", "*hitʾōšāšû*": "be men/show yourselves strong/stand firm/consider carefully", "*hāšîbû*": "bring back/return/restore/consider", "*pôšəʿîm*": "transgressors/rebels/those who rebel", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self/understanding" } }
• Isa 48:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.13", "source": "אַף־יָדִי֙ יָ֣סְדָה אֶ֔רֶץ וִֽימִינִ֖י טִפְּחָ֣ה שָׁמָ֑יִם קֹרֵ֥א אֲנִ֛י אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יַעַמְד֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃", "text": "Also *yādî* *yāsdāh* *ʾereṣ* and *yemînî* *ṭippeḥāh* *shāmāyim* *qōrēʾ* *ʾănî* to them *yaʿamdû* *yaḥdāw*", "grammar": { "*yādî*": "feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*yāsdāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she founded/established", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/land", "*yemînî*": "feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my right hand", "*ṭippeḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she spread out/stretched", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*qōrēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - calling", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*yaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will stand", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*yādî*": "my hand/my power", "*yāsdāh*": "founded/established/laid the foundation of", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yemînî*": "my right hand/my right side/my strength", "*ṭippeḥāh*": "spread out/stretched/measured by spans", "*shāmāyim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/proclaiming", "*yaʿamdû*": "they stand/they will stand/they present themselves", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/in unity" } }
• Isa 51:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.51.13", "source": "וַתִּשְׁכַּ֞ח יְהוָ֣ה עֹשֶׂ֗ךָ נוֹטֶ֣ה שָׁמַיִם֮ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָרֶץ֒ וַתְּפַחֵ֨ד תָּמִ֜יד כָּל־הַיּ֗וֹם מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֵּצִ֔יק כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר כּוֹנֵ֖ן לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית וְאַיֵּ֖ה חֲמַ֥ת הַמֵּצִֽיק", "text": "*wattiškkaḥ YHWH 'ōśekā nôṭê šāmayîm wəyōsēd 'āreṣ wattəpaḥēd tāmîd kol-hayyôm mippənê ḥămat hammēṣîq ka'ăšer kônēn ləhašḥît wə'ayyēh ḥămat hammēṣîq*", "grammar": { "*wattiškkaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot", "YHWH": "proper noun - divine name", "*'ōśekā*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maker", "*nôṭê*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - stretcher of", "*šāmayîm*": "common noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*wəyōsēd*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular construct - and founder of", "*'āreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth", "*wattəpaḥēd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you dread", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually", "*kol-hayyôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - all the day", "*mippənê*": "preposition + common noun, masculine plural construct - from face of/before", "*ḥămat*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - fury of", "*hammēṣîq*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the oppressor", "*ka'ăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/when", "*kônēn*": "Polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he prepared/established", "*ləhašḥît*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*wə'ayyēh*": "conjunction + interrogative adverb - and where", "*ḥămat*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - fury of", "*hammēṣîq*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the oppressor" }, "variants": { "*'ōśekā*": "your maker/your creator", "*nôṭê*": "stretcher of/one who spreads out", "*yōsēd*": "founder of/one who establishes", "*tāmîd*": "continually/continuously/perpetually", "*ḥămat*": "fury of/wrath of/rage of", "*hammēṣîq*": "the oppressor/the one who causes distress", "*kônēn*": "prepared/established/made ready" } }
• Jer 10:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.8", "source": "וּבְאַחַ֖ת יִבְעֲר֣וּ וְיִכְסָ֑לוּ מוּסַ֥ר הֲבָלִ֖ים עֵ֥ץ הֽוּא׃", "text": "And-in-one *yibʿărû* and-*yiḵsālû* *mûsar* *hăbālîm* *ʿēṣ* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*yibʿărû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are stupid/brutish", "*yiḵsālû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are foolish", "*mûsar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - instruction of", "*hăbālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vanities", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood/tree", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it/he" }, "variants": { "*yibʿărû*": "they are stupid/brutish/dull/senseless", "*yiḵsālû*": "they are foolish/silly/senseless", "*mûsar*": "instruction/discipline/correction/doctrine", "*hăbālîm*": "vanities/idols/worthless things" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.9", "source": "כֶּ֣סֶף מְרֻקָּ֞ע מִתַּרְשִׁ֣ישׁ יוּבָ֗א וְזָהָב֙ מֵֽאוּפָ֔ז מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חָרָ֖שׁ וִידֵ֣י צוֹרֵ֑ף תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ לְבוּשָׁ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֲכָמִ֖ים כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "*Kesef* *məruqqāʿ* from-*Taršîš* *yûbāʾ* and-*zāhāb* from-*ʾÛfāz* *maʿăśēh* *ḥārāš* and-hands-of *ṣôrēf* *təḵēlet* and-*ʾargāmān* clothing-their *maʿăśēh* *ḥăḵāmîm* all-of-them", "grammar": { "*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*məruqqāʿ*": "pual participle, masculine singular - beaten/hammered", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*yûbāʾ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is brought", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ʾÛfāz*": "proper noun - Uphaz", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work of", "*ḥārāš*": "noun, masculine singular - craftsman", "*ṣôrēf*": "qal participle, masculine singular - refiner/goldsmith", "*təḵēlet*": "noun, masculine singular - blue", "*ʾargāmān*": "noun, masculine singular - purple", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones" }, "variants": { "*məruqqāʿ*": "beaten/hammered/spread into plates", "*yûbāʾ*": "is brought/imported/carried in", "*ṣôrēf*": "refiner/goldsmith/silversmith", "*təḵēlet*": "blue/blue-purple/violet material", "*ʾargāmān*": "purple/red-purple material" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.10", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱמֶ֔ת הֽוּא־אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּ֖ים וּמֶ֣לֶךְ עוֹלָ֑ם מִקִּצְפּוֹ֙ תִּרְעַ֣שׁ הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹֽא־יָכִ֥לוּ גוֹיִ֖ם זַעְמֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾĕmet* *hûʾ*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm* and-*meleḵ* *ʿôlām* from-*qiṣpô* *tirʿaš* *hā-ʾāreṣ* and-not-*yāḵilû* *gôyim* *zaʿmô*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he/it", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/long duration", "*qiṣpô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath", "*tirʿaš*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she trembles", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*yāḵilû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they endure", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his indignation" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges/divine beings", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive/flowing (water)", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/ancient time/world", "*qiṣpô*": "his wrath/anger/indignation", "*tirʿaš*": "trembles/quakes/shakes", "*yāḵilû*": "they endure/bear/contain/can" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.11", "source": "כִּדְנָה֙ תֵּאמְר֣וּן לְה֔וֹם אֱלָ֣הַיָּ֔א דִּֽי־שְׁמַיָּ֥א וְאַרְקָ֖א לָ֣א עֲבַ֑דוּ יֵאבַ֧דוּ מֵֽאַרְעָ֛א וּמִן־תְּח֥וֹת שְׁמַיָּ֖א אֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "Thus *tēʾmərûn* to-them *ʾĕlāhayyāʾ* that-*šəmayyāʾ* and-*ʾarqāʾ* not *ʿăbadû* *yēʾbadû* from-*ʾarʿāʾ* and-from-under *šəmayyāʾ* these", "grammar": { "*tēʾmərûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural (Aramaic) - you shall say", "*ʾĕlāhayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article (Aramaic) - the gods", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article (Aramaic) - the heavens", "*ʾarqāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article (Aramaic) - the earth", "*ʿăbadû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural (Aramaic) - they made", "*yēʾbadû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural (Aramaic) - they shall perish", "*ʾarʿāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article (Aramaic) - the earth" }, "variants": { "*tēʾmərûn*": "you shall say/tell/command (Aramaic)", "*ʾĕlāhayyāʾ*": "the gods/deities (Aramaic)", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "the heavens/sky (Aramaic)", "*ʾarqāʾ*": "the earth/land/ground (Aramaic)", "*ʿăbadû*": "they made/did/produced (Aramaic)", "*yēʾbadû*": "they shall perish/be destroyed/disappear (Aramaic)" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.12", "source": "עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ʿōśēh* *ʾereṣ* by-*kōḥô* *mēḵîn* *tēbēl* by-*ḥoḵmātô* and-by-*tebûnātô* *nāṭāh* *šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - making", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kōḥô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his power", "*mēḵîn*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - establishing", "*tēbēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/habitable world", "*ḥoḵmātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wisdom", "*tebûnātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his understanding", "*nāṭāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he stretched out", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/doing/creating/producing", "*kōḥô*": "his power/strength/might", "*mēḵîn*": "establishing/setting up/founding/preparing", "*tēbēl*": "world/habitable part/earth", "*nāṭāh*": "stretched out/extended/spread out" } }