Psalms 82:5

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.82.5", "source": "לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ כָּל־מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "not *yādəʿû* and-not *yābînû* in-*ḥăšēkāh* *yithallākû* *yimmôṭû* all-*môsədê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they know/knew", "*yābînû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they understand/will understand", "in-*ḥăšēkāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in darkness", "*yithallākû*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they walk about/continue", "*yimmôṭû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they totter/are shaken", "all-*môsədê*": "construct - all foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "know/understand/perceive", "*yābînû*": "understand/discern/perceive", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "darkness/ignorance", "*yithallākû*": "walk about/go about/continue", "*yimmôṭû*": "totter/shake/be moved", "*môsədê*": "foundations/pillars/supports", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ כָּל־מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃

Transliteration

not yādəʿû and-not yābînû in-ḥăšēkāh yithallākû yimmôṭû all-môsədê ʾāreṣ

Grammar Details

• *yādəʿû*: qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they know/knew
• *yābînû*: qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they understand/will understand
• in-*ḥăšēkāh*: preposition + feminine singular noun - in darkness
• *yithallākû*: hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they walk about/continue
• *yimmôṭû*: niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they totter/are shaken
• all-*môsədê*: construct - all foundations of
• *ʾāreṣ*: feminine singular noun - earth/land

Word Meanings

• *yādəʿû*: know/understand/perceive
• *yābînû*: understand/discern/perceive
• *ḥăšēkāh*: darkness/ignorance
• *yithallākû*: walk about/go about/continue
• *yimmôṭû*: totter/shake/be moved
• *môsədê*: foundations/pillars/supports
• *ʾāreṣ*: earth/land/world

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They do not know nor do they understand; they wander in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  They do not know, nor do they understand; they walk in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  They know not, neither do they understand; They walk to and fro in darkness: All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  They know{H8804)} not, neither will they understand{H8799)}; they walk{H8691)} on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course{H8735)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Neuertheles, they wil not be lerned & vnderstonde, but walke on still in darcknesse: therfore must all the foundacions of the londe be moued.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  They knowe not and vnderstand nothing: they walke in darkenes, albeit all the foundations of the earth be mooued.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  They knowe nothyng, they vnderstande nothing: they walke on styll in darknesse, wherfore all the foundations of the earth be out of course.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They don't know, neither do they understand. They walk back and forth in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  They knew not, nor do they understand, In darkness they walk habitually, Moved are all the foundations of earth.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They know not, neither do they understand; They walk to and fro in darkness: All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  They know not, neither do they understand; They walk to and fro in darkness: All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  They have no knowledge or sense; they go about in the dark: all the bases of the earth are moved.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They don't know, neither do they understand. They walk back and forth in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  They neither know nor understand. They stumble around in the dark, while all the foundations of the earth crumble.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 11:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.3", "source": "כִּ֣י הַ֭שָּׁתוֹת יֵֽהָרֵס֑וּן צַ֝דִּ֗יק מַה־פָּעָֽל׃", "text": "For the-*šāṯôṯ* *yēhārēsûn*, *ṣaddîq* what-*pāʿāl*?", "grammar": { "*šāṯôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the foundations", "*yēhārēsûn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they are destroyed/torn down", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - righteous person", "*pāʿāl*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has done/accomplished" }, "variants": { "*šāṯôṯ*": "foundations/pillars/established order", "*yēhārēsûn*": "they are destroyed/torn down/overthrown", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person/righteous individual", "*pāʿāl*": "has done/accomplished/performed/worked" } }
• Mic 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Micah.3.1", "source": "וָאֹמַ֗ר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲל֣וֹא לָכֶ֔ם לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmar* *šimʿû-nāʾ* *rāʾšê* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *hălôʾ* to-you to-*lādaʿat* *ʾet*-the-*mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "1st person singular, waw-consecutive imperfect - and I said", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear/listen please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of/leaders of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment/justice" }, "variants": { "*wāʾōmar*": "and I said/and I will say", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "listen please/hear now", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right/lawful claim" } }
• Prov 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Proverbs.2.13", "source": "הַ֭עֹ֣זְבִים אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃", "text": "the-*ʿōzəḇîm* *ʾārəḥôṯ* *yōšеr* to-*lālеḵеṯ* in-*ḏarḵê*-*ḥōšеḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʿōzəḇîm*": "verb, qal participle masculine plural - those who abandon/forsake", "*ʾārəḥôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - paths of", "*yōšеr*": "noun, masculine singular - uprightness", "*lālеḵеṯ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to walk", "*ḏarḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - ways of", "*ḥōšеḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness" }, "variants": { "*ʿōzəḇîm*": "abandoning/forsaking/leaving", "*ʾārəḥôṯ*": "paths/ways/roads", "*yōšеr*": "uprightness/straightness/rightness", "*lālеḵеṯ*": "to walk/to go", "*ḏarḵê*": "ways/paths", "*ḥōšеḵ*": "darkness/obscurity" } }
• Ps 14:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.4", "source": "הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֢עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "Do they not *yādəʿû*, all *pōʿălê ʾāwen*, *ʾōkəlê ʿammî* as they *ʾākəlû* *leḥem*, *YHWH* they do not *qārāʾû*?", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they know/have known", "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "construct masculine plural noun + masculine singular noun - workers of iniquity", "*ʾōkəlê ʿammî*": "qal participle masculine plural construct + noun + 1st singular suffix - eaters of my people", "*ʾākəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they have eaten/consumed", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they call upon/invoke" }, "variants": { "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/evildoers/those who practice evil", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/meal", "*qārāʾû*": "call upon/invoke/cry out to" } }
• Ps 75:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.75.3", "source": "כִּ֭י אֶקַּ֣ח מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲ֝נִ֗י מֵישָׁרִ֥ים אֶשְׁפֹּֽט׃", "text": "For *ʾeqqaḥ* *môʿēḏ* *ʾănî* *mêšārîm* *ʾešpōṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʾeqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular verb - I will take/receive", "*môʿēḏ*": "masculine singular noun - appointed time/place", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*mêšārîm*": "masculine plural noun - equity/rightness/fairness", "*ʾešpōṭ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular verb - I will judge" }, "variants": { "*ʾeqqaḥ*": "I will take/receive/accept/select", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/place/season/assembly", "*mêšārîm*": "equity/uprightness/fairness/just things", "*ʾešpōṭ*": "I will judge/govern/vindicate" } }
• Prov 1:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Proverbs.1.29", "source": "תַּ֭חַת כִּי־שָׂ֣נְאוּ דָ֑עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה לֹ֣א בָחָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*taḥat* *ki*-*san'u* *da'at* *wəyir'at* *YHWH* *lo* *vaḥaru*", "grammar": { "*taḥat*": "preposition - because", "*ki*": "conjunction - that", "*san'u*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they hated", "*da'at*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge", "*wəyir'at*": "conjunction + construct state, feminine singular - and fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*lo*": "negative particle - not", "*vaḥaru*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they chose" }, "variants": { "*taḥat*": "because/instead of/in place of", "*san'u*": "they hated/they despised/they rejected", "*da'at*": "knowledge/discernment/perception", "*yir'at*": "fear of/reverence for/awe of", "*vaḥaru*": "they chose/they selected/they preferred" } }
• Prov 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.4.19", "source": "דֶּ֣רֶךְ רְ֭שָׁעִים כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃ פ", "text": "*derek* *rəšāʿîm* *kāʾăpēlâ* *lōʾ* *yādəʿû* *bammeh* *yikkāšēlû*", "grammar": { "*derek*": "masculine singular construct noun - way of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural noun - wicked ones", "*kāʾăpēlâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - like the deep darkness", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādəʿû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural, qal - they know", "*bammeh*": "preposition + interrogative pronoun - on what", "*yikkāšēlû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal - they stumble" }, "variants": { "*derek*": "way/path/road/journey", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/criminals/evildoers", "*ʾăpēlâ*": "deep darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*yādəʿû*": "know/perceive/recognize", "*yikkāšēlû*": "stumble/stagger/be brought down" } }
• Eccl 2:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.14", "source": "הֶֽחָכָם֙ עֵינָ֣יו בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהַכְּסִ֖יל בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ הוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "The-*ḥākām* *ʿênāyw* in *rōʾshô* and the-*kĕsîl* in the-*ḥōshek* *hôlēk* and *yādaʿtî* also-I *shemmiqreh* *ʾeḥād* *yiqreh* *ʾet*-all of them.", "grammar": { "*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the wise person", "*ʿênāyw*": "dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*rōʾshô*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his head", "*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool", "*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article + preposition - in the darkness", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I knew", "*shemmiqreh*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun - that the fate/event", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*yiqreh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will happen/befall", "*ʾet-kullām*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them" }, "variants": { "*ḥākām*": "wise person/sage", "*ʿênāyw bĕrōʾshô*": "his eyes are in his head (idiom: he sees clearly/pays attention)", "*kĕsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*baḥōshek hôlēk*": "walks in darkness/goes about in darkness", "*miqreh*": "happening/event/fate/destiny", "*miqreh ʾeḥād yiqreh ʾet-kullām*": "one event/fate will happen to all of them" } }
• Eccl 3:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.3.16", "source": "וְע֥וֹד רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מְק֤וֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ שָׁ֣מָּה הָרֶ֔שַׁע וּמְק֥וֹם הַצֶּ֖דֶק שָׁ֥מָּה הָרָֽשַׁע׃", "text": "*wə*-further *rāʾîṯî* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš* *məqôm* the-*mišpāṭ* there the-*rešaʿ* *û*-*məqôm* the-*ṣeḏeq* there the-*rāšaʿ*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - further/still/again", "*rāʾîṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*ha-šāmeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*ha-mišpāṭ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the judgment", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*hā-rešaʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wickedness", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*ha-ṣeḏeq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the righteousness", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*hā-rāšaʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wickedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿôḏ*": "further/still/yet/again", "*rāʾîṯî*": "I saw/observed/perceived", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath/in place of", "*šāmeš*": "sun", "*məqôm*": "place/site/location", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/injustice/evil", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*rāšaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice" } }
• Isa 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.7", "source": "כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃", "text": "For *kî* the *kerem* of *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* is *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* is the *neṭaʿ* of his *šaʿăšûʿāyw*; and he *wayəqaw* for *mišpāṭ* but *wəhinnēh* *miśpāḥ*, for *ṣədāqâ* but *wəhinnēh* *ṣəʿāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kerem*": "masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*neṭaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - planting of", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his delight", "*wayəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he looked for", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - but behold", "*miśpāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - bloodshed/oppression", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - cry/outcry" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*neṭaʿ*": "planting/plant/plantation", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "delight/pleasure/joy", "*miśpāḥ*": "bloodshed/oppression/injustice", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/distress" } }
• Isa 59:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.9", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן רָחַ֤ק מִשְׁפָּט֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תַשִּׂיגֵ֖נוּ צְדָקָ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לָאוֹר֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לִנְגֹה֖וֹת בָּאֲפֵל֥וֹת נְהַלֵּֽךְ׃", "text": "upon-thus *rāḥaq* *mišpāṭ* from-us and-not *taśśîgēnû* *ṣədāqāh* *nəqawweh* to-*ʾôr* and-behold-*ḥōšek* to-*nəgōhôt* in-*ʾăpēlôt* *nəhallēk*", "grammar": { "*rāḥaq*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is far/removed", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*taśśîgēnû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular with 1st plural suffix - overtakes us", "*ṣədāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - righteousness/justice", "*nəqawweh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st plural - we hope/wait for", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*nəgōhôt*": "noun, feminine plural - brightness/light", "*ʾăpēlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - darkness/gloom", "*nəhallēk*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st plural - we walk" }, "variants": { "*rāḥaq*": "is far/removed/distant", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right", "*taśśîgēnû*": "overtakes us/reaches us/catches up to us", "*ṣədāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*nəqawweh*": "we wait for/hope for/expect", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/sunshine", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*nəgōhôt*": "brightness/light/illumination", "*ʾăpēlôt*": "darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*nəhallēk*": "we walk/go/proceed" } }
• John 3:19 : 19 { "verseID": "John.3.19", "source": "Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς, ἦν γὰρ πονηρὰ αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα.", "text": "*Hautē de estin hē krisis*, that the *phōs elēlythen eis ton kosmon*, and *ēgapēsan hoi anthrōpoi mallon to skotos ē to phōs*, for was *ponēra autōn ta erga*.", "grammar": { "*Hautē*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - this", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is", "*krisis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*elēlythen*": "perfect, 3rd singular - has come", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*kosmon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - world", "*ēgapēsan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - loved", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/people", "*mallon*": "adverb - rather/more", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*ē*": "conjunction - than", "*ēn*": "imperfect, 3rd singular - were", "*ponēra*": "nominative, neuter, plural - evil", "*autōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - their", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*krisis*": "judgment/verdict/separation", "*phōs*": "light/illumination [metaphor for revelation/truth]", "*skotos*": "darkness/obscurity [metaphor for evil/ignorance]", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/bad/corrupt" } }
• John 12:35 : 35 { "verseID": "John.12.35", "source": "Εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον τὸ φῶς μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἐστιν. Περιπατεῖτε ἕως τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ: καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει.", "text": "*Eipen* therefore to them the *Iēsous*, Yet a *mikron* *chronon* the *phōs* with you *estin*. *Peripateite* while the *phōs* you *echete*, that not *skotia* you might *katalabē*; and the one *peripatōn* in the *skotia* not *oiden* where he *hypagei*.", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - said/spoke", "*Iēsous*": "nominative masculine singular - Jesus", "*mikron*": "accusative neuter singular - small/little", "*chronon*": "accusative masculine singular - time/period", "*phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - light", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*Peripateite*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - walk/conduct yourselves", "*echete*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you have/possess", "*skotia*": "nominative feminine singular - darkness", "*katalabē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might overtake/seize", "*peripatōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - walking/conducting oneself", "*skotia*": "dative feminine singular - darkness", "*oiden*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - knows/understands", "*hypagei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - goes/departs" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*Iēsous*": "Jesus", "*mikron*": "small/little/brief", "*chronon*": "time/period/duration", "*phōs*": "light/radiance/illumination", "*estin*": "is/exists/is present", "*Peripateite*": "walk/conduct yourselves/live", "*echete*": "have/possess/hold", "*skotia*": "darkness/gloom/absence of light", "*katalabē*": "overtake/seize/grasp/overcome", "*peripatōn*": "walking/going/conducting oneself", "*oiden*": "knows/understands/comprehends", "*hypagei*": "goes/departs/proceeds/leaves" } }
• Rom 1:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } }
• 2 Tim 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Timothy.2.19", "source": "Ὁ μέντοι στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν, ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην, Ἔγνω Κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ. Καί, Ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Χριστού.", "text": "The *mentoi stereos themelios tou Theou hestēken*, *echōn tēn sphragida tautēn*, *Egnō Kyrios tous ontas autou*. And, *Apostētō apo adikias pas ho onomazōn to onoma Christou*.", "grammar": { "*Ho*": "definite article, nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*mentoi*": "adversative particle - nevertheless/however", "*stereos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - firm", "*themelios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - foundation", "*tou*": "definite article, genitive, masculine, singular - of the", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*hestēken*": "perfect, indicative, active, 3rd singular - has stood", "*echōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having", "*tēn*": "definite article, accusative, feminine, singular - the", "*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal", "*tautēn*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - this", "*Egnō*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd singular - knew", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*tous*": "definite article, accusative, masculine, plural - the", "*ontas*": "present, participle, active, accusative, masculine, plural - being", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - of him", "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*Apostētō*": "aorist, imperative, active, 3rd singular - let depart", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - unrighteousness", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone", "*ho*": "definite article, nominative, masculine, singular - the one", "*onomazōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - naming", "*to*": "definite article, accusative, neuter, singular - the", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Christ" }, "variants": { "*mentoi*": "nevertheless/however/yet", "*stereos*": "firm/solid/sure", "*themelios*": "foundation/basis", "*hestēken*": "has stood/stands firm/remains", "*sphragida*": "seal/mark/stamp", "*Egnō*": "knew/has known/recognizes", "*ontas*": "being/who are/belonging to", "*Apostētō*": "let depart/withdraw/stand away from", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/wickedness/injustice", "*onomazōn*": "naming/calling on/invoking" } }
• 1 John 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "1 John.2.11", "source": "Ὁ δὲ μισῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστὶν, καὶ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ περιπατεῖ, καὶ οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει, ὅτι ἡ σκοτία ἐτύφλωσεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ.", "text": "The one *de misōn* the *adelphon* of him in the *skotia estin*, and in the *skotia peripatei*, and not *oiden pou hypagei*, because the *skotia etyphlōsen* the *ophthalmous* of him.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*misōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - hating", "*adelphon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - brother/fellow believer", "*skotia*": "dative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*estin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*peripatei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - walks/lives", "*oiden*": "perfect, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - knows/has known", "*pou*": "adverb - where/to what place", "*hypagei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - goes/departs", "*etyphlōsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - blinded", "*ophthalmous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - eyes" }, "variants": { "*misōn*": "hating/detesting/disliking strongly", "*adelphon*": "brother/fellow believer/sibling", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*peripatei*": "walks/lives/conducts oneself/behaves", "*oiden*": "knows/has known/understands/perceives", "*hypagei*": "goes/departs/is going/proceeds", "*etyphlōsen*": "blinded/made blind/darkened", "*ophthalmous*": "eyes/sight/vision" } }
• Ps 53:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.53.4", "source": "כֻּלּ֥וֹ סָג֮ יַחְדָּ֢ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "All-of-him *sāg* *yaḥdāw* *neʾĕlāḥû* *ʾēn* *ʿōśēh*-*ṭôb* *ʾēn* also-*ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*kūllô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of him/it/them", "*sāg*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned aside/departed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd plural - they have become corrupt/tainted", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular construct - doer of", "*ṭôb*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾeḥād*": "adverb 'also' + adjective, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*sāg*": "turned aside/departed/gone astray", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "become corrupt/tainted/spoiled/worthless", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single one/not even one" } }