10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.10",
"source": "מִֽי־יָצַ֥ר אֵ֖ל וּפֶ֣סֶל נָסָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל׃",
"text": "*mî-yāṣar* *ʾēl* *û-p̄esel* *nāsāḵ* *ləḇiltî* *hôʿîl*",
"grammar": {
"*mî-yāṣar*": "interrogative pronoun + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - who has formed",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - god/deity",
"*û-p̄esel*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and idol",
"*nāsāḵ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he cast/poured",
"*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - for not",
"*hôʿîl*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to profit"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣar*": "formed/fashioned/shaped",
"*ʾēl*": "god/deity/divine being/mighty one",
"*p̄esel*": "idol/carved image/graven image",
"*nāsāḵ*": "cast/poured/molded",
"*ləḇiltî hôʿîl*": "for no profit/to be useless/without benefit"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.11",
"source": "הֵ֤ן כָּל־חֲבֵרָיו֙ יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ וְחָרָשִׁ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה מֵֽאָדָ֑ם יִֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ יַֽעֲמֹ֔דוּ יִפְחֲד֖וּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ יָֽחַד׃",
"text": "*hēn* *kāl-ḥăḇērāyw* *yēḇōšû* *wə-ḥārāšîm* *hēmmāh* *mēʾādām* *yitqabbəṣû* *ḵullām* *yaʿămōdû* *yip̄ḥădû* *yēḇōšû* *yāḥad*",
"grammar": {
"*hēn*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*kāl-ḥăḇērāyw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all his companions",
"*yēḇōšû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed",
"*wə-ḥārāšîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and craftsmen",
"*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they",
"*mēʾādām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from mankind",
"*yitqabbəṣû*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will gather themselves",
"*ḵullām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all of them",
"*yaʿămōdû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will stand",
"*yip̄ḥădû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will dread",
"*yēḇōšû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed",
"*yāḥad*": "adverb - together"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăḇērāyw*": "his companions/his associates/his fellows",
"*yēḇōšû*": "they will be ashamed/they will be put to shame/they will be disgraced",
"*ḥārāšîm*": "craftsmen/artisans/workers",
"*mēʾādām*": "from mankind/from humanity/merely human",
"*yitqabbəṣû*": "they will gather themselves/they will assemble",
"*yaʿămōdû*": "they will stand/they will take a stand",
"*yip̄ḥădû*": "they will dread/they will fear/they will be terrified"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.44.12",
"source": "חָרַ֤שׁ בַּרְזֶל֙ מַֽעֲצָ֔ד וּפָעַל֙ בַּפֶּחָ֔ם וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיִּפְעָלֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ כֹּח֔וֹ גַּם־רָעֵב֙ וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ לֹא־שָׁ֥תָה מַ֖יִם וַיִּיעָֽף׃",
"text": "*ḥāraš* *barzel* *maʿăṣād* *û-p̄āʿal* *bappeḥām* *û-ḇammaqāḇôt* *yiṣṣərēhû* *wayyip̄ʿālēhû* *bizrôaʿ* *kōḥô* *gam-rāʿēḇ* *wə-ʾên* *kōaḥ* *lōʾ-šātāh* *mayim* *wayyîʿāp̄*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥāraš*": "noun, masculine singular - craftsman",
"*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron",
"*maʿăṣād*": "noun, masculine singular - axe/cutting tool",
"*û-p̄āʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he works",
"*bappeḥām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the coals",
"*û-ḇammaqāḇôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - and with hammers",
"*yiṣṣərēhû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he shapes it",
"*wayyip̄ʿālēhû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he works it",
"*bizrôaʿ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - with arm of",
"*kōḥô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strength",
"*gam-rāʿēḇ*": "adverb + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - also he is hungry",
"*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no",
"*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength",
"*lōʾ-šātāh*": "negative particle + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has not drunk",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water",
"*wayyîʿāp̄*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he is weary"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāraš*": "craftsman/smith/artisan",
"*maʿăṣād*": "axe/cutting tool/chisel",
"*p̄āʿal*": "works/labors/makes",
"*peḥām*": "coals/charcoal",
"*maqāḇôt*": "hammers/mallets",
"*yiṣṣərēhû*": "he shapes it/he forms it/he fashions it",
"*yip̄ʿālēhû*": "he works it/he makes it/he fashions it",
"*rāʿēḇ*": "hungry/famished",
"*yîʿāp̄*": "he is weary/he grows faint/he is exhausted"
}
}