Isaiah 8:16

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.8.16", "source": "צ֖וֹר תְּעוּדָ֑ה חֲת֥וֹם תּוֹרָ֖ה בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃", "text": "*ṣôr təʿûdāh ḥătôm tôrāh* among-*limmudāy*", "grammar": { "*ṣôr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - bind/tie up", "*təʿûdāh*": "noun feminine singular - testimony/witness", "*ḥătôm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - seal", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*limmudāy*": "qal passive participle masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my disciples/my taught ones" }, "variants": { "*ṣôr*": "bind up/tie up/secure", "*təʿûdāh*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*ḥătôm*": "seal/secure/affix seal to", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*limmudāy*": "my disciples/my taught ones/my students" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

צ֖וֹר תְּעוּדָ֑ה חֲת֥וֹם תּוֹרָ֖ה בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃

Transliteration

ṣôr təʿûdāh ḥătôm tôrāh among-limmudāy

Grammar Details

• *ṣôr*: qal imperative masculine singular - bind/tie up
• *təʿûdāh*: noun feminine singular - testimony/witness
• *ḥătôm*: qal imperative masculine singular - seal
• *tôrāh*: noun feminine singular - law/instruction
• *limmudāy*: qal passive participle masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my disciples/my taught ones

Word Meanings

• *ṣôr*: bind up/tie up/secure
• *təʿûdāh*: testimony/witness/evidence
• *ḥătôm*: seal/secure/affix seal to
• *tôrāh*: law/instruction/teaching
• *limmudāy*: my disciples/my taught ones/my students

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Bind up the testimony and seal the law among my disciples.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Bind thou up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Now laye the witnesses together (sayde the LORDE) and seale the lawe with my disciples.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Binde vp the testimonie: seale vp the Law among my disciples.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Binde vp the testimonie, seale the law in my disciples.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Bind up the testimony, Seal the law among My disciples.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Bind thou up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Bind thou up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Let my teaching be kept secret: and my words be given to my disciples only.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Wrap up the testimony. Seal the law among my disciples.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Tie up the scroll as legal evidence, seal the official record of God’s instructions and give it to my followers.

Referenced Verses

• Dan 12:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Daniel.12.4", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה דָֽנִיֵּ֗אל סְתֹ֧ם הַדְּבָרִ֛ים וַחֲתֹ֥ם הַסֵּ֖פֶר עַד־עֵ֣ת קֵ֑ץ יְשֹׁטְט֥וּ רַבִּ֖ים וְתִרְבֶּ֥ה הַדָּֽעַת׃", "text": "And *ʾattāh* *dāniyyēʾl* *sĕtōm* the *dĕbārîm* and *ḥătōm* the *sēper* until-*ʿēt* *qēṣ* *yĕšōṭĕṭû* *rabbîm* and *tirbeh* the *dāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*dāniyyēʾl*": "proper name - Daniel", "*sĕtōm*": "imperative Qal, masculine singular - shut up/conceal", "*ha-dĕbārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the words", "*wa-ḥătōm*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, masculine singular - and seal", "*ha-sēper*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the book/scroll", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - end", "*yĕšōṭĕṭû*": "imperfect Polel, 3rd masculine plural - will go back and forth/will run to and fro", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*wə-tirbeh*": "conjunction + imperfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - and will increase", "*ha-dāʿat*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the knowledge" }, "variants": { "*sĕtōm*": "shut up/conceal/hide/keep secret", "*dĕbārîm*": "words/matters/things/sayings", "*ḥătōm*": "seal/close/secure", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*ʿēt qēṣ*": "time of end/end time/final period", "*yĕšōṭĕṭû*": "will go to and fro/will run back and forth/will search", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/multitude", "*tirbeh*": "will increase/will multiply/will become great", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/insight" } }
• Dan 12:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Daniel.12.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֵ֣ךְ דָּנִיֵּ֑אל כִּֽי־סְתֻמִ֧ים וַחֲתֻמִ֛ים הַדְּבָרִ֖ים עַד־עֵ֥ת קֵֽץ׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *lēk* *dāniyyēʾl* for-*sĕtumîm* and *ḥătumîm* the *dĕbārîm* until-*ʿēt* *qēṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect Qal with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lēk*": "imperative Qal, masculine singular - go", "*dāniyyēʾl*": "proper name - Daniel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*sĕtumîm*": "passive participle Qal, masculine plural - shut up/concealed", "*wa-ḥătumîm*": "conjunction + passive participle Qal, masculine plural - and sealed", "*ha-dĕbārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the words", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - end" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "he said/he spoke/he replied", "*lēk*": "go/depart/proceed", "*sĕtumîm*": "shut up/concealed/hidden/kept secret", "*ḥătumîm*": "sealed/secured/confirmed", "*dĕbārîm*": "words/matters/things/sayings", "*ʿēt qēṣ*": "time of end/end time/final period" } } 10 { "verseID": "Daniel.12.10", "source": "יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ וְיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּ וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ רַבִּ֔ים וְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּ רְשָׁעִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֖ינוּ כָּל־רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖ים יָבִֽינוּ׃", "text": "*Yitbārărû* and *yitlabbĕnû* and *yiṣṣārĕpû* *rabbîm* and *hiršîʿû* *rĕšāʿîm* and not *yābînû* all-*rĕšāʿîm* and the *maśkîlîm* *yābînû*.", "grammar": { "*yitbārărû*": "imperfect Hithpael, 3rd masculine plural - will purify themselves", "*wĕ-yitlabbĕnû*": "conjunction + imperfect Hithpael, 3rd masculine plural - and will make themselves white", "*wĕ-yiṣṣārĕpû*": "conjunction + imperfect Niphal, 3rd masculine plural - and will be refined", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*wĕ-hiršîʿû*": "conjunction + perfect Hiphil, 3rd plural - and will act wickedly", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yābînû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - will understand", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*wĕ-ha-maśkîlîm*": "conjunction + definite participle Hiphil, masculine plural - and the wise ones" }, "variants": { "*yitbārărû*": "will purify themselves/will be purified/will be cleansed", "*yitlabbĕnû*": "will make themselves white/will be whitened/will be purified", "*yiṣṣārĕpû*": "will be refined/will be tested/will be purged", "*hiršîʿû*": "will act wickedly/will do wrong/will be condemned", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil ones/guilty ones", "*yābînû*": "will understand/will comprehend/will perceive", "*maśkîlîm*": "wise ones/those having insight/those who instruct" } }
• Matt 13:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.13.11", "source": "Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ὅτι Ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται.", "text": "But he *apokritheis eipen* to them, That to you *dedotai gnōnai* the *mystēria* of the *basileias* of the *ouranōn*, to those ones *de* not *dedotai*.", "grammar": { "*apokritheis*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular, passive - having answered", "*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to them", "*Hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*Hymin*": "dative, plural - to you", "*dedotai*": "perfect passive, 3rd singular - has been given", "*gnōnai*": "aorist infinitive - to know", "*mystēria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - mysteries", "*basileias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of kingdom", "*ouranōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of heavens", "*ekeinois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to those ones", "*de*": "contrastive particle - but/and", "*ou*": "negative particle - not" }, "variants": { "*apokritheis*": "having answered/responded/replied", "*dedotai*": "has been given/granted/bestowed", "*gnōnai*": "to know/understand/comprehend", "*mystēria*": "mysteries/secrets/hidden truths", "*basileias tōn ouranōn*": "kingdom of the heavens/heavenly kingdom", "*ekeinois*": "to those ones/to them [contrastive]" } }
• Mark 4:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Mark.4.10", "source": "Ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο κατα μόνας, ἠρώτησαν αὐτὸν οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν σὺν τοῖς δώδεκα τὴν παραβολήν.", "text": "*Hote de egeneto kata monas*, *ērōtēsan* him those *peri* him with the *dōdeka* the *parabolēn*.", "grammar": { "*Hote*": "conjunction - when", "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - he was", "*kata monas*": "adverbial phrase - alone/by himself", "*ērōtēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - asked", "*peri*": "preposition + accusative - around/about", "*dōdeka*": "indeclinable numeral - twelve", "*parabolēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - parable" }, "variants": { "*Hote*": "when/while", "*egeneto*": "he was/came to be", "*kata monas*": "alone/by himself/in private", "*peri*": "around/about", "*dōdeka*": "twelve [disciples]", "*parabolēn*": "parable/analogy/comparison" } } 11 { "verseID": "Mark.4.11", "source": "Καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, Ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὸ μυστήριον τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ: ἐκείνοις δὲ τοῖς ἔξω, ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται:", "text": "And *elegen* to them, To you *dedotai gnōnai* the *mystērion* of the *basileias* of the *Theou*: to those *de* to the *exō*, in *parabolais* the *panta ginetai*:", "grammar": { "*elegen*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was saying", "*dedotai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it has been given", "*gnōnai*": "aorist active infinitive - to know", "*mystērion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mystery", "*basileias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - kingdom", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*de*": "conjunction - but", "*exō*": "adverb - outside", "*parabolais*": "dative, feminine, plural - parables", "*panta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - all things", "*ginetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd person singular - comes/becomes" }, "variants": { "*dedotai*": "has been given/granted", "*gnōnai*": "to know/understand", "*mystērion*": "mystery/secret", "*basileias*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*exō*": "outside/without", "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*ginetai*": "comes/happens/becomes" } }
• Mark 4:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Mark.4.34", "source": "Χωρὶς δὲ παραβολῆς οὐκ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς: κατʼ ἰδίαν δὲ, τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἐπέλυεν πάντα.", "text": "*Chōris de parabolēs* not *elalei* to them: *kat' idian de*, to the *mathētais* of him *epelyen panta*.", "grammar": { "*Chōris*": "preposition + genitive - without/apart from", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*parabolēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - parable", "*elalei*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - he was speaking", "*kat' idian*": "adverbial phrase - privately", "*mathētais*": "dative, masculine, plural - disciples", "*epelyen*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - he was explaining", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things" }, "variants": { "*Chōris*": "without/apart from", "*parabolēs*": "parable/analogy/comparison", "*elalei*": "he was speaking/talking", "*kat' idian*": "privately/alone/in private", "*mathētais*": "disciples/students/followers", "*epelyen*": "he was explaining/interpreting/solving", "*panta*": "all things/everything" } }
• Mark 10:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Mark.10.10", "source": "Καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτόν.", "text": "And in the *oikia* again the *mathētai* of him *peri* the same *epērōtēsan* him.", "grammar": { "*oikia*": "dative feminine singular - house/home", "*mathētai*": "nominative masculine plural - disciples", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*epērōtēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they asked/questioned" }, "variants": { "*oikia*": "house/home/dwelling", "*mathētai*": "disciples/students/followers", "*peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*epērōtēsan*": "asked/questioned/inquired of" } }
• John 3:32-33 : 32 { "verseID": "John.3.32", "source": "Καὶ ὃ ἑώρακεν καὶ ἤκουσεν, τοῦτο μαρτυρεῖ· καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς λαμβάνει.", "text": "And what *heōraken kai ēkousen*, this *martyrei*; and the *martyrian autou oudeis lambanei*.", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*ho*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what", "*heōraken*": "perfect, 3rd singular - he has seen", "*ēkousen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - he heard", "*touto*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - this", "*martyrei*": "present, 3rd singular - he testifies", "*martyrian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - testimony", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine - his", "*oudeis*": "pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - no one", "*lambanei*": "present, 3rd singular - receives" }, "variants": { "*heōraken kai ēkousen*": "has seen and heard [firsthand knowledge]", "*martyrei*": "testifies/bears witness to/declares", "*lambanei*": "receives/accepts/takes to heart" } } 33 { "verseID": "John.3.33", "source": "Ὁ λαβὼν αὐτοῦ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐσφράγισεν ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής ἐστιν.", "text": "The one *labōn autou tēn martyrian esphragisen hoti ho Theos alēthēs estin*.", "grammar": { "*labōn*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having received", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine - his", "*martyrian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - testimony", "*esphragisen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - has sealed/certified", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*alēthēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - true", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*labōn*": "receiving/accepting", "*esphragisen*": "sealed/certified/confirmed/attested", "*alēthēs*": "true/truthful/genuine" } }
• 1 Cor 2:14 : 14 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.2.14", "source": "Ψυχικὸς δὲ ἄνθρωπος οὐ δέχεται τὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Θεοῦ: μωρία γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐστιν: καὶ οὐ δύναται γνῶναι, ὅτι πνευματικῶς ἀνακρίνεται.", "text": "*Psychikos* but (*de*) *anthrōpos* not *dechetai* the things of the *Pneumatos* of the *Theou*: *mōria* for to him *estin*: and not he is able (*dynatai*) *gnōnai*, because *pneumatikōs* they are *anakrinetai*.", "grammar": { "*Psychikos*": "nominative masculine singular adjective - natural/unspiritual/soulish", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative masculine singular - man/human", "*dechetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd person singular - receives/accepts", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive neuter singular - of Spirit", "*Theou*": "genitive masculine singular - of God", "*mōria*": "nominative feminine singular - foolishness", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*dynatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is able", "*gnōnai*": "aorist active infinitive - to know", "*pneumatikōs*": "adverb - spiritually", "*anakrinetai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - are discerned/examined" }, "variants": { "*Psychikos*": "natural/unspiritual/soulish/worldly", "*anthrōpos*": "human/man/person", "*dechetai*": "receives/accepts/welcomes", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/breath/wind", "*mōria*": "foolishness/absurdity/folly", "*dynatai*": "is able/can/has power to", "*gnōnai*": "to know/understand/comprehend", "*pneumatikōs*": "spiritually/by the Spirit", "*anakrinetai*": "are discerned/examined/judged/evaluated" } }
• Heb 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.5", "source": "Καὶ Μωϋσῆς μὲν πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ, ὡς θεράπων, εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων·", "text": "And *Mōysēs* *men* *pistos* in *holō* the *oikō* of him, as *therapōn*, *eis* *martyrion* of the things *lalēthēsomenōn*;", "grammar": { "*Mōysēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Moses", "*men*": "postpositive particle - indeed/on one hand (often paired with δέ)", "*pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - faithful/trustworthy", "*holō*": "dative, masculine, singular - whole/all/entire", "*oikō*": "dative, masculine, singular - house/household", "*therapōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - servant/attendant", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/unto/as", "*martyrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - testimony/witness", "*lalēthēsomenōn*": "future passive participle, genitive, neuter, plural - of things to be spoken" }, "variants": { "*men*": "indeed/truly/on one hand", "*pistos*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable", "*holō*": "whole/entire/complete", "*oikō*": "house/household/family", "*therapōn*": "servant/attendant/minister (higher class than a regular servant)", "*martyrion*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*lalēthēsomenōn*": "things that would be spoken/things to be uttered later" } }
• 1 John 5:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 John.5.9", "source": "Εἰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαμβάνομεν, ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Θεοῦ μείζων ἐστίν: ὅτι αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἥν μεμαρτύρηκεν περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "If the *marturian* of the *anthrōpōn* we *lambanomen*, the *marturia* of the *Theou* *meizōn* *estin*: because this *estin* the *marturia* of the *Theou* which he has *memarturēken* concerning the *Huiou* of him.", "grammar": { "*ei*": "conditional conjunction - if", "*marturian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - witness/testimony", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people", "*lambanomen*": "present active indicative, 1st plural - we receive/accept", "*marturia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - witness/testimony", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*meizōn*": "nominative, feminine, singular, comparative - greater", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for/that", "*hautē*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - this", "*hēn*": "relative pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - which", "*memarturēken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has testified", "*peri*": "preposition with genitive - concerning/about", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Son", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him" }, "variants": { "*marturian*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*anthrōpōn*": "men/humans/people", "*lambanomen*": "receive/accept/take", "*marturia*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*meizōn*": "greater/larger/more important", "*memarturēken*": "has testified/has witnessed/has given evidence" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 John.5.10", "source": "Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔχει τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ: ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ Θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν· ὅτι οὐ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν μεμαρτύρηκεν ὁ Θεὸς περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "The *pisteuōn* into the *Huion* of the *Theou* *echei* the *marturian* in *heautō*: the not *pisteuōn* the *Theō* a *pseustēn* has *pepoiēken* him; because not he has *pepisteuken* into the *marturian* which has *memarturēken* the *Theos* concerning the *Huiou* of him.", "grammar": { "*pisteuōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - believing", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - into/unto", "*Huion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Son", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - has", "*marturian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - witness/testimony", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*heautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - himself", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*pseustēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - liar", "*pepoiēken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has made", "*auton*": "personal pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for/that", "*ou*": "negative particle - not", "*pepisteuken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has believed", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - into/unto", "*hēn*": "relative pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - which", "*memarturēken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has testified", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*peri*": "preposition with genitive - concerning/about", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Son", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him" }, "variants": { "*pisteuōn*": "believing/trusting/having faith", "*echei*": "has/holds/possesses", "*marturian*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*heautō*": "himself/his own self", "*pseustēn*": "liar/falsifier/deceiver", "*pepoiēken*": "has made/has rendered/has considered", "*pepisteuken*": "has believed/has trusted/has had faith", "*memarturēken*": "has testified/has witnessed/has given evidence" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 John.5.11", "source": "Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία, ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεός, καὶ αὕτη ἡ ζωὴ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν.", "text": "And this *estin* the *marturia*, that *zōēn aiōnion* *edōken* to us the *Theos*, and this the *zōē* in the *Huiō* of him *estin*.", "grammar": { "*hautē*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - this", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*marturia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - witness/testimony", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*aiōnion*": "accusative, feminine, singular - eternal", "*edōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - gave", "*hēmin*": "personal pronoun, dative, 1st plural - to us", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*zōē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - life", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*Huiō*": "dative, masculine, singular - Son", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him" }, "variants": { "*marturia*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*zōēn*": "life/existence/vitality", "*aiōnion*": "eternal/everlasting/age-during", "*edōken*": "gave/granted/bestowed", "*zōē*": "life/existence/vitality" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 John.5.12", "source": "Ὁ ἔχων τὸν Υἱὸν ἔχει τὴν ζωήν· ὁ μὴ ἔχων τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ζωὴν οὐκ ἔχει.", "text": "The *echōn* the *Huion* *echei* the *zōēn*; the not *echōn* the *Huion* of the *Theou* the *zōēn* not *echei*.", "grammar": { "*echōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having", "*Huion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Son", "*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - has", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not" }, "variants": { "*echōn*": "having/possessing/holding", "*echei*": "has/possesses/holds", "*zōēn*": "life/existence/vitality" } }
• Rev 2:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.2.17", "source": "Ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ Πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις· Τῷ νικῶντι δώσω αὐτῷ φαγεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ μάννα τοῦ κεκρυμμένου, καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ ψῆφον λευκὴν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ψῆφον ὄνομα καινὸν γεγραμμένον, ὃ οὐδεὶς ἔγνω εἰ μὴ ὁ λαμβάνων.", "text": "The *echōn ous*, *akousatō* what the *Pneuma legei* to-the *ekklēsiais*: To-the *nikōnti* I-will-give to-him *phagein* from the *manna* the *kekrummenou*, and I-will-give to-him *psēphon leukēn*, and upon the *psēphon onoma kainon gegrammenon*, which *oudeis egnō* if not the *lambanōn*.", "grammar": { "*echōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having", "*ous*": "accusative, neuter, singular - ear", "*akousatō*": "aorist imperative, 3rd singular - let him hear", "*Pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*legei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*ekklēsiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - to assemblies/churches", "*nikōnti*": "present participle, dative, masculine, singular - to the one conquering", "*dōsō*": "future indicative, 1st singular - I will give", "*phagein*": "aorist infinitive - to eat", "*manna*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of manna", "*kekrummenou*": "perfect participle passive, genitive, neuter, singular - having been hidden", "*psēphon*": "accusative, feminine, singular - stone/pebble", "*leukēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - white", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*kainon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - new", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect participle passive, accusative, neuter, singular - having been written", "*oudeis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - no one", "*egnō*": "aorist indicative, 3rd singular - knew", "*lambanōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - receiving" }, "variants": { "*ous*": "ear/hearing", "*Pneuma*": "Spirit/Breath/Wind", "*ekklēsiais*": "assemblies/churches/congregations", "*nikōnti*": "conquering/overcoming/victorious one", "*manna*": "manna (heavenly food)", "*kekrummenou*": "hidden/concealed/secret", "*psēphon*": "stone/pebble/voting token", "*leukēn*": "white/bright", "*kainon*": "new/fresh/unused", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed", "*lambanōn*": "receiving/taking/accepting" } }
• Rev 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Revelation.5.1", "source": "¶Καὶ εἶδον ἐπὶ τὴν δεξιὰν τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου βιβλίον γεγραμμένον ἔσωθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν, κατεσφραγισμένον σφραγῖσιν ἑπτά.", "text": "And I *eidon* upon the *dexian* of the one *kathēmenou* upon the *thronou* *biblion* *gegrammenon* *esōthen* and *opisthen*, *katesphragismenon* with *sphragisin* seven.", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - saw/perceived [point action]", "*dexian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - right hand", "*kathēmenou*": "present middle participle, genitive, masculine, singular - seated/sitting one", "*thronou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - throne", "*biblion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - scroll/book", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having been written", "*esōthen*": "adverb - within/inside", "*opisthen*": "adverb - behind/on the back side", "*katesphragismenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having been sealed completely", "*sphragisin*": "dative, feminine, plural - seals" }, "variants": { "*biblion*": "scroll/book/document", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed/recorded", "*katesphragismenon*": "sealed up completely/secured with seals" } }
• Rev 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.5.5", "source": "Καὶ εἷς ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων λέγει μοι, Μὴ κλαῖε: ἰδοὺ, ἐνίκησεν ὁ Λέων ὁ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα, ἡ Ῥίζα Δαυίδ, ἀνοῖξαι τὸ βιβλίον, καὶ λῦσαι τὰς ἑπτὰ σφραγῖδας αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And one from the *presbyterōn* *legei* to me, Not *klaie*: *idou*, *enikēsen* the *Leōn* the one from the *phylēs* of *Iouda*, the *Rhiza* of *David*, to *anoixai* the *biblion*, and to *lysai* the seven *sphragidas* of it.", "grammar": { "*presbyterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - elders", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - says/tells", "*klaie*": "present active imperative, 2nd person singular - weep/cry [command]", "*idou*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd person singular - behold/see/look", "*enikēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - conquered/prevailed/overcame", "*Leōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lion", "*phylēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - tribe/clan", "*Iouda*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Judah", "*Rhiza*": "nominative, feminine, singular - Root", "*anoixai*": "aorist active infinitive - to open", "*biblion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - scroll/book", "*lysai*": "aorist active infinitive - to loose/break", "*sphragidas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - seals" }, "variants": { "*presbyterōn*": "elders/older men/presbyters", "*enikēsen*": "conquered/prevailed/overcame/was victorious", "*Leōn*": "Lion [metaphorical title]", "*Rhiza*": "Root/Origin/Source [metaphorical title]" } }
• Rev 10:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.10.4", "source": "Καὶ ὅτε ἐλάλησαν αἱ ἑπτὰ βρονταί τὰς φωνὰς ἑαυτῶν, ἔμελλον γράφειν: καὶ ἤκουσα φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λέγουσαν μοι, Σφράγισον ἃ ἐλάλησαν αἱ ἑπτὰ βρονταί, καὶ μὴ αὐτὰ γράψῃς.", "text": "And when *elalēsan* the seven *brontai* the *phōnas* of themselves, *emellon* *graphein*: and *ēkousa* *phōnēn* from the *ouranou* *legousan* to me, *Sphragison* what *elalēsan* the seven *brontai*, and not them *grapsēs*.", "grammar": { "*elalēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - spoke/uttered [completed action]", "*brontai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - thunders", "*phōnas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - voices/sounds", "*emellon*": "imperfect active indicative, 1st person singular - was about to [continuous intent]", "*graphein*": "present active infinitive - to write", "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - heard [completed action]", "*phōnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*legousan*": "present active participle, accusative, feminine, singular - saying", "*Sphragison*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular - seal up", "*grapsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you might write [prohibition]" }, "variants": { "*emellon*": "was about to/was intending to/was going to", "*ēkousa*": "heard/perceived/understood", "*legousan*": "saying/speaking/telling", "*Sphragison*": "seal up/secure/keep secret", "*grapsēs*": "write/record/document" } }
• Rev 19:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.10", "source": "Καὶ ἔπεσον ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ. Καὶ λέγει μοι, Ὅρα μή: σύνδουλός σού εἰμὶ, καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου τῶν ἐχόντων τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ: τῷ Θεῷ προσκύνησον: ἡ γὰρ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐστιν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς προφητείας.", "text": "And I *epeson* *emprosthen* of the *podōn* of him to *proskynēsai* to him. And he *legei* to me, *Hora* *mē*: *syndoulos* of you *eimi*, and of the *adelphōn* of you those *echontōn* the *martyrian* of *Iēsou*: to the *Theō* *proskynēson*: for the *martyria* of the *Iēsou* *estin* the *pneuma* of the *prophēteias*.", "grammar": { "*epeson*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I fell", "*emprosthen*": "preposition - before/in front of", "*podōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - feet", "*proskynēsai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to worship", "*legei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he says", "*Hora*": "present imperative, active, 2nd person singular - see/look", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*syndoulos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fellow servant", "*eimi*": "present, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I am", "*adelphōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - brothers/brethren", "*echontōn*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having", "*martyrian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - testimony/witness", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jesus", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*proskynēson*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd person singular - worship", "*martyria*": "nominative, feminine, singular - testimony/witness", "*estin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - is", "*pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - spirit", "*prophēteias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of prophecy" }, "variants": { "*epeson*": "fell/fell down/collapsed", "*proskynēsai*": "to worship/to bow down/to pay homage", "*Hora mē*": "see that you do not/beware not to/do not [do it]", "*syndoulos*": "fellow servant/fellow slave", "*adelphōn*": "brothers/brethren/fellow believers", "*echontōn*": "having/holding/possessing", "*martyrian*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*proskynēson*": "worship/bow down/pay homage", "*pneuma*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*prophēteias*": "prophecy/prophetic gift/prophetic declaration" } }
• Deut 4:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.45", "source": "אֵ֚לֶּה הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "These *hā-ʿēdōt* and-*ha-ḥuqqîm* and-*ha-mišpāṭîm* which *dibber* *Mōšeh* to-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in-*ṣēʾtām* from-*Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural - these", "*hā-ʿēdōt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the testimonies", "*wə-ha-ḥuqqîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the statutes", "*wə-ha-mišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the judgments", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾel-bənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ṣēʾtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going out", "*mi-miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdōt*": "testimonies/decrees/stipulations", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/commanded", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*ṣēʾtām*": "their going out/their departure/their exodus" } }
• 2 Kgs 11:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.11.12", "source": "וַיּוֹצִ֣א אֶת־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן עָלָיו֙ אֶת־הַנֵּ֙זֶר֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵד֔וּת וַיַּמְלִ֥כוּ אֹת֖וֹ וַיִּמְשָׁחֻ֑הוּ וַיַּכּוּ־כָ֔ף וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-son-of-the-king and *wayyittēn* upon-him *ʾet*-the-*nēzer* and *ʾet*-the-*ʿēdût* and *wayyamlîkû* him and *wayyimšāḥûhû*; and *wayyakkû*-*kāp* and *wayyōʾmərû* *yəḥî* the-king.", "grammar": { "*wayyôṣîʾ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ʾet-ben-hammelek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the son of the king", "*wayyittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he put", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*ʾet-hannēzer*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the crown/diadem", "*wəʾet-hāʿēdût*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the testimony", "*wayyamlîkû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they made king", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wayyimšāḥûhû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they anointed him", "*wayyakkû-kāp*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural + noun, feminine singular - and they clapped palm(s)", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*yəḥî*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - may he live", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king" }, "variants": { "*nēzer*": "crown, diadem, consecration, separation", "*ʿēdût*": "testimony, witness, evidence, possibly covenant document", "*wayyamlîkû*": "made king, crowned, caused to reign", "*wayyimšāḥûhû*": "anointed him, consecrated him with oil", "*wayyakkû-kāp*": "clapped hands/palms, applauded", "*yəḥî hammelek*": "Long live the king, May the king live" } }
• Ps 25:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.14", "source": "ס֣וֹד יְ֭הוָה לִירֵאָ֑יו וּ֝בְרִית֗וֹ לְהוֹדִיעָֽם", "text": "*sôḏ YHWH lîrēʾāyw ûḇĕrîṯô lĕhôḏîʿām*", "grammar": { "*sôḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'counsel/secret'", "*lîrēʾāyw*": "preposition + participle, Qal masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'to those who fear him'", "*ûḇĕrîṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and his covenant'", "*lĕhôḏîʿām*": "preposition + verb, Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to make them know'" }, "variants": { "*sôḏ*": "counsel/secret/intimate conversation/assembly", "*yĕrēʾāyw*": "those who fear him/those who revere him", "*ḇĕrîṯô*": "his covenant/his agreement/his pledge", "*lĕhôḏîʿām*": "to make them know/to reveal to them/to inform them" } }
• Prov 8:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.8.8", "source": "בְּצֶ֥דֶק כָּל־אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י אֵ֥ין בָּ֝הֶ֗ם נִפְתָּ֥ל וְעִקֵּֽשׁ׃", "text": "In-*ṣedeq* all-*ʾimrê-pî* nothing in-them *niptāl* and-*ʿiqqēš*", "grammar": { "*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness", "*ʾimrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my mouth", "*niptāl*": "niphal participle masculine singular - twisted/crooked", "*ʿiqqēš*": "adjective masculine singular - perverse/distorted" }, "variants": { "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*niptāl*": "twisted/crooked/distorted", "*ʿiqqēš*": "perverse/distorted/crooked" } } 9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.8.9", "source": "כֻּלָּ֣ם נְ֭כֹחִים לַמֵּבִ֑ין וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים לְמֹ֣צְאֵי דָֽעַת׃", "text": "All-of-them *nᵊkōḥîm* to-the-*mēbîn*, and-*yᵊšārîm* to-*mōṣᵊʾê dāʿat*", "grammar": { "*nᵊkōḥîm*": "adjective masculine plural - straight/right/plain", "*mēbîn*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - one who understands/discerns", "*yᵊšārîm*": "adjective masculine plural - upright/straight", "*mōṣᵊʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - those who find", "*dāʿat*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*nᵊkōḥîm*": "straight/right/plain/clear", "*mēbîn*": "one who understands/discerns/perceives", "*yᵊšārîm*": "upright/straight/just", "*mōṣᵊʾê*": "those who find/obtain/gain", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/insight/perception" } }
• Isa 8:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י קַח־לְךָ֖ גִּלָּי֣וֹן גָּד֑וֹל וּכְתֹ֤ב עָלָיו֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶט אֱנ֔וֹשׁ לְמַהֵ֥ר שָׁלָ֖ל חָ֥שׁ בַּֽז׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me *qaḥ-ləkā* *gillāyôn* *gādôl* and-*kətōb* on-it with-*ḥereṭ* *ʾĕnôš* to-*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*qaḥ-ləkā*": "qal imperative masculine singular + preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - take for yourself", "*gillāyôn*": "noun masculine singular - tablet/scroll/writing surface", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - large/great", "*kətōb*": "qal imperative masculine singular - write", "*ḥereṭ*": "noun masculine singular construct - stylus/engraving tool", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun masculine singular - man/common person", "*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*": "phrase meaning 'quick to plunder, swift to spoil' - symbolic name" }, "variants": { "*gillāyôn*": "tablet/large scroll/writing surface", "*ḥereṭ ʾĕnôš*": "stylus of man/common writing tool/ordinary pen", "*mahēr šālāl ḥāš baz*": "quick to the spoil, swift to the prey/hasten to plunder, hurry to loot/speed to the spoil, haste to the prey" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.2", "source": "וְאָעִ֣ידָה לִּ֔י עֵדִ֖ים נֶאֱמָנִ֑ים אֵ֚ת אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־זְכַרְיָ֖הוּ בֶּ֥ן יְבֶרֶכְיָֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾāʿîdāh* to-me *ʿēdîm neʾĕmānîm* *ʾēt* *ʾûrîyāh* *ha-kōhēn* and-*ʾet*-*zəkarəyāhû* *ben yəberekyāhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāʿîdāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - and I will call as witness", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun masculine plural - witnesses", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - faithful/reliable/trustworthy", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾûrîyāh*": "proper noun - Uriah", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the priest", "*zəkarəyāhû*": "proper noun - Zechariah", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəberekyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeberechiah" }, "variants": { "*ʾāʿîdāh*": "I will take as witness/I will call to testify/I will summon as witness", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "faithful/reliable/trustworthy" } }
• Isa 8:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.20", "source": "לְתוֹרָ֖ה וְלִתְעוּדָ֑ה אִם־לֹ֤א יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֖וֹ שָֽׁחַר׃", "text": "To-*tôrāh* and-to-*təʿûdāh* if-not *yōʾmərû* according-to-*dābār ha-zeh ʾăšer ʾên*-to-him *šāḥar*", "grammar": { "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*təʿûdāh*": "noun feminine singular - testimony/witness", "*yōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they speak", "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*šāḥar*": "noun masculine singular - dawn/light" }, "variants": { "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*təʿûdāh*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*šāḥar*": "dawn/light/morning (metaphor for truth/hope)", "*ʾăšer ʾên-lô šāḥar*": "for whom there is no dawn/which has no light/that has no future" } }
• Isa 29:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.29.11", "source": "וַתְּהִ֨י לָכֶ֜ם חָז֣וּת הַכֹּ֗ל כְּדִבְרֵי֮ הַסֵּ֣פֶר הֶֽחָתוּם֒ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִתְּנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ אֶל־יוֹדֵ֥עַ *הספר **סֵ֛פֶר לֵאמֹ֖ר קְרָ֣א נָא־זֶ֑ה וְאָמַר֙ לֹ֣א אוּכַ֔ל כִּ֥י חָת֖וּם הֽוּא", "text": "*wa-tĕhî* to-you[mp] *ḥāzût* *ha-kōl* like-*diḇrê* *ha-sēp̱er* *he-ḥātûm* which-*yittĕnû* *ʾōtô* to-*yôdēaʿ* *sēp̱er* to-say *qĕrā* please-this and-*ʾāmar* not *ʾûḵal* for *ḥātûm* he", "grammar": { "*wa-tĕhî*": "conjunction waw + verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will be", "*lāḵem*": "preposition lamed + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ḥāzût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vision of", "*ha-kōl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the all/everything", "*kĕ-diḇrê*": "preposition kaph + noun, masculine plural construct - like words of", "*ha-sēp̱er*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the book/scroll", "*he-ḥātûm*": "definite article + verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - the sealed", "*ʾăšer-yittĕnû*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - which they give", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him/it", "*ʾel-yôdēaʿ*": "preposition ʾel + verb, qal participle, masculine singular construct - to one knowing", "*sēp̱er*": "noun, masculine singular - book/writing", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qĕrā*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - read", "*nāʾ-zeh*": "particle nā + demonstrative pronoun - please this", "*wĕ-ʾāmar*": "conjunction waw + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he says", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾûḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I am able", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥātûm*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - sealed", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzût*": "vision/revelation/oracle", "*kōl*": "all/everything/entirety", "*diḇrê*": "words/matters/things", "*sēp̱er*": "book/scroll/document", "*ḥātûm*": "sealed/closed/secured", "*yittĕnû*": "they give/hand over/deliver", "*yôdēaʿ*": "one knowing/knowledgeable/literate", "*ʾûḵal*": "I am able/can/have power to" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.29.12", "source": "וְנִתַּ֣ן הַסֵּ֗פֶר עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע סֵ֛פֶר לֵאמֹ֖ר קְרָ֣א נָא־זֶ֑ה וְאָמַ֕ר לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי סֵֽפֶר", "text": "And-*nittan* *ha-sēp̱er* upon who not-*yādaʿ* *sēp̱er* to-say *qĕrā* please-this and-*ʾāmar* not *yādaʿtî* *sēp̱er*", "grammar": { "*wĕ-nittan*": "conjunction waw + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and is given", "*ha-sēp̱er*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the book/scroll", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ-yādaʿ*": "negative particle + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - does not know", "*sēp̱er*": "noun, masculine singular - book/writing", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qĕrā*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - read", "*nāʾ-zeh*": "particle nā + demonstrative pronoun - please this", "*wĕ-ʾāmar*": "conjunction waw + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he says", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*sēp̱er*": "noun, masculine singular - book/writing" }, "variants": { "*nittan*": "is given/delivered/handed over", "*sēp̱er*": "book/scroll/document/writing", "*yādaʿ*": "knows/understands/is familiar with", "*yādaʿtî*": "I know/understand/am familiar with" } }
• Isa 54:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.54.13", "source": "וְכָל־בָּנַ֖יִךְ לִמּוּדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְרַ֖ב שְׁל֥וֹם בָּנָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*Wə-kol-bānayik* *limmûdê* *Yhwh* *wə-rab* *šəlôm* *bānāyik*", "grammar": { "*Wə-kol-bānayik*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and all your children", "*limmûdê*": "passive participle, masculine plural construct, pual - taught of", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wə-rab*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and great", "*šəlôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - peace of", "*bānāyik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your children" }, "variants": { "*bānayik*": "your children/your sons", "*limmûdê*": "taught of/disciples of/instructed by", "*rab*": "great/abundant/much", "*šəlôm*": "peace/well-being/prosperity" } }
• Dan 9:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.24", "source": "שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֣ ׀ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע *ולחתם **וּלְהָתֵ֤ם *חטאות **חַטָּאת֙ וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֺ֔ן וּלְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים וְלַחְתֹּם֙ חָז֣וֹן וְנָבִ֔יא וְלִמְשֹׁ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "*šāḇuʿîm* seventy *neḥtaḵ* upon-*ʿamməḵā* and upon-*ʿîr* *qāḏšeḵā* to *ḵallêʾ* the *pešaʿ* and to *hāṯêm* *ḥaṭṭāʾṯ* and to *ḵappêr* *ʿāwōn* and to *hāḇîʾ* *ṣeḏeq* *ʿōlāmîm* and to *laḥtōm* *ḥāzôn* and *nāḇîʾ* and to *limšōaḥ* *qōḏeš* *qāḏāšîm*.", "grammar": { "*šāḇuʿîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - weeks/sevens", "*neḥtaḵ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - is decreed", "*ʿamməḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your people", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - city of", "*qāḏšeḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your holiness", "*ḵallêʾ*": "infinitive construct, piel - to finish/restrain", "*pešaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the transgression", "*hāṯêm*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to seal up/complete", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - sin", "*ḵappêr*": "infinitive construct, piel - to atone for", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun, masculine, singular - iniquity", "*hāḇîʾ*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to bring in", "*ṣeḏeq*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - righteousness of", "*ʿōlāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - ages/eternity", "*laḥtōm*": "infinitive construct, qal - to seal", "*ḥāzôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - vision", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - prophet", "*limšōaḥ*": "infinitive construct, qal - to anoint", "*qōḏeš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - holiness of", "*qāḏāšîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - holy things/most holy" }, "variants": { "*šāḇuʿîm*": "weeks/sevens/periods of seven", "*neḥtaḵ*": "is decreed/determined/cut out", "*ḵallêʾ*": "to finish/restrain/shut up/complete", "*pešaʿ*": "transgression/rebellion/revolt", "*hāṯêm*": "to seal up/complete/finish", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯ*": "sin/sin offering/purification", "*ḵappêr*": "to atone for/cover/expiate", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*ʿōlāmîm*": "ages/eternity/everlasting", "*laḥtōm*": "to seal/seal up/authenticate", "*ḥāzôn*": "vision/revelation/prophecy", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/seer", "*limšōaḥ*": "to anoint/consecrate/install", "*qōḏeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy place", "*qāḏāšîm*": "holy things/most holy place/holiest" } }