20{
"verseID": "Job.12.20",
"source": "מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים וְטַ֖עַם זְקֵנִ֣ים יִקָּֽח׃",
"text": "*mēsîr* *śāpâ* *lə-neʾĕmānîm* *wə-ṭaʿam* *zəqēnîm* *yiqqāḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*mēsîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing",
"*śāpâ*": "noun, feminine singular - speech/lip",
"*lə-neʾĕmānîm*": "preposition + niphal participle, masculine plural - for trustworthy ones",
"*wə-ṭaʿam*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and judgment of",
"*zəqēnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - elders",
"*yiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he takes away"
},
"variants": {
"*mēsîr*": "removes/takes away",
"*śāpâ*": "speech/lip/language",
"*neʾĕmānîm*": "trustworthy ones/trusted ones/faithful ones",
"*ṭaʿam*": "judgment/discernment/taste",
"*zəqēnîm*": "elders/old men",
"*yiqqāḥ*": "takes away/removes"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Job.12.21",
"source": "שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל־נְדִיבִ֑ים וּמְזִ֖יחַ אֲפִיקִ֣ים רִפָּֽה׃",
"text": "*šôpēk* *bûz* *ʿal-nədîbîm* *û-məzîaḥ* *ʾăpîqîm* *rippâ*",
"grammar": {
"*šôpēk*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pouring",
"*bûz*": "noun, masculine singular - contempt",
"*ʿal-nədîbîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - upon nobles",
"*û-məzîaḥ*": "conjunction + hiphil participle, masculine singular - and loosening",
"*ʾăpîqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - belts/restraints",
"*rippâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he weakens"
},
"variants": {
"*šôpēk*": "pours/spills/sheds",
"*bûz*": "contempt/scorn/derision",
"*nədîbîm*": "nobles/princes/generous ones",
"*məzîaḥ*": "loosening/slackening",
"*ʾăpîqîm*": "belts/restraints/strength/mighty ones",
"*rippâ*": "weakens/relaxes"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Job.12.22",
"source": "מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵ֖א לָא֣וֹר צַלְמָֽוֶת׃",
"text": "*məgalleh* *ʿămūqôt* *minnî-ḥōšek* *wa-yōṣēʾ* *lā-ʾôr* *ṣalmāwet*",
"grammar": {
"*məgalleh*": "piel participle, masculine singular - uncovering",
"*ʿămūqôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - deep things",
"*minnî-ḥōšek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from darkness",
"*wa-yōṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brings out",
"*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the light",
"*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death"
},
"variants": {
"*məgalleh*": "uncovers/reveals/discloses",
"*ʿămūqôt*": "deep things/depths/profound matters",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*yōṣēʾ*": "brings out/produces",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight",
"*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/gloom"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Job.12.23",
"source": "מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם׃",
"text": "*maśgîʾ* *la-ggôyim* *wa-yəʾabbədēm* *šōṭēaḥ* *la-ggôyim* *wa-yanḥēm*",
"grammar": {
"*maśgîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - making great",
"*la-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the nations",
"*wa-yəʾabbədēm*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he destroys them",
"*šōṭēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - spreading out",
"*la-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the nations",
"*wa-yanḥēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he leads them"
},
"variants": {
"*maśgîʾ*": "makes great/increases/enlarges",
"*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*yəʾabbədēm*": "destroys them/causes them to perish",
"*šōṭēaḥ*": "spreads out/expands/enlarges",
"*yanḥēm*": "leads them/guides them"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Job.12.24",
"source": "מֵסִ֗יר לֵ֭ב רָאשֵׁ֣י עַם־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא־דָֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "*mēsîr* *lēb* *rāʾšê* *ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ* *wa-yatʿēm* *bə-tōhû* *lōʾ-dārek*",
"grammar": {
"*mēsîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*rāʾšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs of",
"*ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - people of the land",
"*wa-yatʿēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he makes them wander",
"*bə-tōhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in emptiness",
"*lōʾ-dārek*": "negative particle + noun, masculine singular - no way"
},
"variants": {
"*mēsîr*": "removes/takes away",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/understanding",
"*rāʾšê*": "chiefs/heads/leaders",
"*ʿam-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/populace",
"*yatʿēm*": "makes them wander/causes them to stray",
"*tōhû*": "emptiness/wasteland/chaos",
"*dārek*": "way/road/path"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Job.12.25",
"source": "יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־א֑וֹר וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*yəmaššû-ḥōšek* *wə-lōʾ-ʾôr* *wa-yatʿēm* *ka-ššikkôr*",
"grammar": {
"*yəmaššû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they grope",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*wə-lōʾ-ʾôr*": "conjunction + negative particle + noun, masculine singular - and not light",
"*wa-yatʿēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he makes them wander",
"*ka-ššikkôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the drunkard"
},
"variants": {
"*yəmaššû*": "grope/feel about",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight",
"*yatʿēm*": "makes them wander/causes them to stray",
"*šikkôr*": "drunkard/intoxicated person"
}
}