Isaiah 26:5

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.26.5", "source": "כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָר֔וֹם קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר׃", "text": "For *hēšaḥ* *yōšbê* *mārôm*, *qiryāh* *niśgābāh*; *yašpîlennāh* *yašpîlāh* to *ʾereṣ*, *yaggîʿennāh* to *ʿāpār*.", "grammar": { "*hēšaḥ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he has brought down'", "*yōšbê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - 'inhabitants of'", "*mārôm*": "masculine singular noun - 'height/high place'", "*qiryāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'city'", "*niśgābāh*": "niphal participle feminine singular - 'lofty/inaccessible'", "*yašpîlennāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'", "*yašpîlāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'", "*ʿad-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - 'to the ground'", "*yaggîʿennāh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will make her touch/reach'", "*ʿad-ʿāpār*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - 'to the dust'" }, "variants": { "*hēšaḥ*": "brought down/humbled/bent down", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/lofty place/heaven", "*niśgābāh*": "lofty/inaccessible/elevated/unattainable", "*yašpîl*": "bring low/humble/abase/cast down", "*yaggîʿennāh*": "make touch/reach/extend to" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָר֔וֹם קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר׃

Transliteration

For hēšaḥ yōšbê mārôm, qiryāh niśgābāh; yašpîlennāh yašpîlāh to ʾereṣ, yaggîʿennāh to ʿāpār.

Grammar Details

• *hēšaḥ*: hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he has brought down'
• *yōšbê*: qal participle masculine plural construct - 'inhabitants of'
• *mārôm*: masculine singular noun - 'height/high place'
• *qiryāh*: feminine singular noun - 'city'
• *niśgābāh*: niphal participle feminine singular - 'lofty/inaccessible'
• *yašpîlennāh*: hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'
• *yašpîlāh*: hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will bring her down'
• *ʿad-ʾereṣ*: preposition with feminine singular noun - 'to the ground'
• *yaggîʿennāh*: hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'he will make her touch/reach'
• *ʿad-ʿāpār*: preposition with masculine singular noun - 'to the dust'

Word Meanings

• *hēšaḥ*: brought down/humbled/bent down
• *mārôm*: height/high place/lofty place/heaven
• *niśgābāh*: lofty/inaccessible/elevated/unattainable
• *yašpîl*: bring low/humble/abase/cast down
• *yaggîʿennāh*: make touch/reach/extend to

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For He has brought down those who dwell on high, the lofty city; He lays it low, to the ground, to the dust.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For He brings down those who dwell on high; the lofty city, He lays it low; He lays it low, even to the ground; He brings it even to the dust.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he hath brought down them that dwell on high, the lofty city: he layeth it low, he layeth it low even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For why, it is he, yt bringeth lowe the hie mynded citesyns, & casteth downe the proude cities. He casteth the to the groude, yee eue in to ye myre, yt they maye be trode

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For hee will bring downe them that dwell on hie: the hie citie he will abase: euen vnto the ground wil he cast it downe, & bring it vnto dust.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For he hath brought downe the high minded citizens: as for the proude citie he hath brought it lowe, euen to the ground shall he cast it downe, and bring it vnto dust.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, [even] to the ground; he bringeth it [even] to the dust.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For he has brought down those who dwell on high, the lofty city: he lays it low, he lays it low even to the ground; he brings it even to the dust.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  For He bowed down the dwellers on high, A city set on high He maketh low, He maketh it low unto the earth, He causeth it to come unto the dust,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For he hath brought down them that dwell on high, the lofty city: he layeth it low, he layeth it low even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For he hath brought down them that dwell on high, the lofty city: he layeth it low, he layeth it low even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For he has made low those who are lifted up, all the people of the town of pride: he makes it low, crushing it down to the earth; he makes it low in the dust.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For he has brought down those who dwell on high, the lofty city. He lays it low. He lays it low even to the ground. He brings it even to the dust.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Indeed, the LORD knocks down those who live in a high place, he brings down an elevated town; he brings it down to the ground, he throws it down to the dust.

Referenced Verses

• Job 40:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.40.11", "source": "הָ֭פֵץ עֶבְר֣וֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ וּרְאֵ֥ה כָל־גֵּ֝אֶ֗ה וְהַשְׁפִּילֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*hāpēṣ* *ʿebrôt* *ʾappekā* *û-rəʾēh* *kol*-*gēʾeh* *wə-hašpîlēhû*", "grammar": { "*hāpēṣ*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - scatter, disperse", "*ʿebrôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - overflowings, outbursts", "*ʾappekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nose/anger", "*û-rəʾēh*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and see", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of, every", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud, haughty", "*wə-hašpîlēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and humble him" }, "variants": { "*hāpēṣ*": "to scatter, disperse, dash to pieces", "*ʿebrôt*": "outbursts, overflowings, fury, wrath", "*ʾappekā*": "nose, nostril, anger, face", "*rəʾēh*": "to see, look at, inspect, perceive", "*gēʾeh*": "proud, haughty, arrogant", "*hašpîlēhû*": "to make low, humble, abase" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.40.12", "source": "רְאֵ֣ה כָל־גֵּ֭אֶה הַכְנִיעֵ֑הוּ וַהֲדֹ֖ךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*rəʾēh* *kol*-*gēʾeh* *haknîʿēhû* *wă-hădōk* *rəšāʿîm* *taḥtām*", "grammar": { "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see, look at", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of, every", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud, haughty", "*haknîʿēhû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - bring him low", "*wă-hădōk*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and crush, tread down", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*taḥtām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - under them" }, "variants": { "*rəʾēh*": "to see, look at, inspect, perceive", "*gēʾeh*": "proud, haughty, arrogant", "*haknîʿēhû*": "to humble, subdue, bring low", "*hădōk*": "to crush, tread down, trample", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked, criminal, guilty, hostile to God", "*taḥtām*": "under, beneath, instead of" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.40.13", "source": "טָמְנֵ֣ם בֶּעָפָ֣ר יָ֑חַד פְּ֝נֵיהֶ֗ם חֲבֹ֣שׁ בַּטָּמֽוּן׃", "text": "*ṭāmnēm* *be-ʿāpār* *yāḥad* *pənêhem* *ḥăbōš* *ba-ṭṭāmûn*", "grammar": { "*ṭāmnēm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - hide them", "*be-ʿāpār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in dust", "*yāḥad*": "adverb - together, alike, all at once", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*ḥăbōš*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - bind", "*ba-ṭṭāmûn*": "preposition + definite article + qal passive participle, masculine singular - in the hidden place" }, "variants": { "*ṭāmnēm*": "to hide, conceal, bury", "*ʿāpār*": "dust, earth, soil, powder", "*yāḥad*": "together, unitedly, at once", "*pənêhem*": "face, presence, person", "*ḥăbōš*": "to bind, bind up, restrain, saddle", "*ṭāmûn*": "hidden thing, secret place, something concealed" } }
• Isa 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.12", "source": "כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃", "text": "For *yôm* belongs-to-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* against all-*gēʾê* and-*rām*, and-against all-*niśśāʾ* and-*šāpēl*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/for the LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*gēʾê*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/arrogant", "*wā-rām*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and lofty/high", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*niśśāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be brought low" }, "variants": { "*yôm la-YHWH*": "day of the LORD/day belonging to YHWH", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*gēʾê*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*rām*": "lofty/high/exalted", "*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated", "*šāpēl*": "brought low/humbled/abased" } }
• Isa 13:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.11", "source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Û*-*p̄āqaḏtî* upon-*tēḇēl* *rāʿāh* *wə*-upon-*rəšāʿîm* *ʿăwōnām* *wə*-*hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *zēḏîm* *wə*-*gaʾăwaṯ* *ʿārîṣîm* *ʾašpîl*", "grammar": { "*ûp̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will punish/visit", "*ʿal-tēḇēl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - upon the world", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*wəʿal-rəšāʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, plural - and upon the wicked", "*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wəhišbattî*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will cause to cease", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*zēḏîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant ones", "*wəgaʾăwaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular, construct - and pride/haughtiness of", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - ruthless/terrifying ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring low" }, "variants": { "*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will punish/visit/attend to", "*tēḇēl*": "world/earth/land", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked/guilty/criminal ones", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/stop", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty", "*zēḏîm*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones", "*gaʾăwaṯ*": "pride/haughtiness/majesty", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "ruthless/terrifying/violent ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "I will bring low/humble/abase" } }
• Isa 14:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise", "*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned", "*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side" } }
• Isa 25:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.25.11", "source": "וּפֵרַ֤שׂ יָדָיו֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְפָרֵ֥שׂ הַשֹּׂחֶ֖ה לִשְׂח֑וֹת וְהִשְׁפִּיל֙ גַּֽאֲוָת֔וֹ עִ֖ם אָרְבּ֥וֹת יָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*ûpēraś* *yādāyw* in-*qirbô* like-which *yĕpārēś* the-*śōḥeh* to-*śĕḥôt* *wĕhišpîl* *gaʾăwātô* with *ʾarbôt* *yādāyw*", "grammar": { "*ûpēraś*": "conjunction with verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will spread out", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*qirbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his midst", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - as, like", "*yĕpārēś*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spreads out", "*śōḥeh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - swimmer", "*śĕḥôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to swim", "*wĕhišpîl*": "conjunction with verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will bring low", "*gaʾăwātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pride", "*ʾarbôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ambushes, schemes, crafts", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands" }, "variants": { "*pēraś yādāyw bĕqirbô*": "he will spread out his hands in his midst", "*kaʾăšer yĕpārēś haśśōḥeh liśĕḥôt*": "as a swimmer spreads out to swim", "*hišpîl gaʾăwātô*": "he will bring low his pride", "*ʾarbôt yādāyw*": "the skill/crafts of his hands, the movements of his hands" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.25.12", "source": "וּמִבְצַ֞ר מִשְׂגַּ֣ב חוֹמֹתֶ֗יךָ הֵשַׁ֥ח הִשְׁפִּ֛יל הִגִּ֥יעַ לָאָ֖רֶץ עַד־עָפָֽר׃", "text": "*ûmibṣar* *miśgab* *ḥômōteykā* *hēšaḥ* *hišpîl* *higgîaʿ* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* until-*ʿāpār*", "grammar": { "*ûmibṣar*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct - and fortress of", "*miśgab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - high refuge, stronghold", "*ḥômōteykā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your walls", "*hēšaḥ*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has brought down", "*hišpîl*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has laid low", "*higgîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has brought down", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth, ground", "*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust" }, "variants": { "*mibṣar miśgab ḥômōteykā*": "fortress of the high/lofty walls of yours", "*hēšaḥ hišpîl higgîaʿ*": "triplet of verbs emphasizing complete destruction - he has brought down, laid low, cast down", "*higgîaʿ lāʾāreṣ ʿad-ʿāpār*": "brought down to the earth/ground to the dust" } }
• Isa 32:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.19", "source": "וּבָרַ֖ד בְּרֶ֣דֶת הַיָּ֑עַר וּבַשִּׁפְלָ֖ה תִּשְׁפַּ֥ל הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And-*bārad* in-*yārad* the-*yaʿar* and-in-the-*šiplâ* *šāpal* the-*ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*bārad*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has hailed", "*yārad*": "qal infinitive construct - coming down, descending", "*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - forest, wooded height", "*šiplâ*": "feminine singular noun - lowland, depression", "*šāpal*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be laid low", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city, town" }, "variants": { "*bārad*": "it has hailed/hail will come", "*yārad*": "coming down/descending/falling", "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded height/thicket", "*šiplâ*": "lowland/depression/low country", "*šāpal*": "will be laid low/will be brought down/will be humbled", "*ʿîr*": "city/town" } }
• Isa 47:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.1", "source": "רְדִ֣י ׀ וּשְׁבִ֣י עַל־עָפָ֗ר בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־בָּבֶ֔ל שְׁבִי־לָאָ֥רֶץ אֵין־כִּסֵּ֖א בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ רַכָּ֖ה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃", "text": "*rəḏî* and-*ūšəḇî* upon-*ʿāp̄ār* *bəṯūlaṯ* *baṯ-bāḇel* *šəḇî*-to-the-*ʾāreṣ* without-*kissēʾ* *baṯ-kaśdîm* for not *ṯôsîp̄î* *yiqrəʾū*-to-you *rakkâ* and-*ʿănuggâ*.", "grammar": { "*rəḏî*": "imperative, feminine singular - come down/descend", "*ūšəḇî*": "conjunction wə- + imperative, feminine singular - and sit", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "masculine singular - dust/ground", "*bəṯūlaṯ*": "construct form, feminine singular - virgin of", "*baṯ-bāḇel*": "construct chain - daughter of Babylon", "*šəḇî*": "imperative, feminine singular - sit", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/ground", "*kissēʾ*": "masculine singular - throne/seat", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "construct chain - daughter of Chaldeans", "*ṯôsîp̄î*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will add/continue", "*yiqrəʾū*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will call", "*rakkâ*": "feminine singular adjective - tender/delicate", "*ʿănuggâ*": "feminine singular adjective - luxurious/dainty" }, "variants": { "*rəḏî*": "come down/descend/go down", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/dirt/soil/ground", "*bəṯūlaṯ*": "virgin/maiden", "*baṯ-bāḇel*": "daughter of Babylon/virgin of Babylon", "*baṯ-kaśdîm*": "daughter of Chaldeans/virgin of Chaldea", "*rakkâ*": "tender/delicate/soft", "*ʿănuggâ*": "luxurious/dainty/pampered" } }
• Jer 50:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.31", "source": "הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃", "text": "Behold I against you *zadon* *nəʾum*-*ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* for *baʾ* *yomkha* *ʿet* *pəqadticha*.", "grammar": { "*hinni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold I", "*ʾeleycha*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*zadon*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/insolent one", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come", "*yomkha*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your day", "*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*pəqadticha*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - my punishment of you" }, "variants": { "*zadon*": "proud one/insolent one/presumptuous one", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*baʾ*": "has come/arrived/reached", "*pəqadticha*": "my punishment of you/my visitation upon you" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.32", "source": "וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *kāšal* *zādôn* and *nāpal*, and *ʾên* to-him *mēqîm*; and *hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ʿārāyw*, and *ʾāklâ* all-*sĕbîbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*kāšal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stumble/stagger", "*zādôn*": "masculine singular noun - pride/presumption/arrogance", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fall/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who raises up/helper", "*hiṣṣattî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kindle/set on fire", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities", "*ʾāklâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will consume/devour", "*kāl*": "construct noun - all of", "*sĕbîbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings/environs" }, "variants": { "*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/totter/fall", "*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption", "*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down/fail", "*mēqîm*": "one who raises up/helper/supporter", "*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set ablaze/ignite", "*ʾāklâ*": "consume/devour/eat up" } }
• Jer 51:25-26 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.25", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה׃", "text": "*Hineni* to you, *har ha-mashchit*, *ne'um-YHWH*, *ha-mashchit 'et* all *ha-'arets*; and I shall *natah 'et-yadi* upon you, and I shall *gilgal* you from *ha-sela'im*, and I shall *natan* you to *har serefah*.", "grammar": { "*hineni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*'eleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill", "*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer", "*ne'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH", "*ha-mashchit*": "article + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - the destroyer", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kol-ha-'arets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + article + noun, feminine singular - all the earth/land", "*we-natiti*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will stretch out", "*'et-yadi*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*'aleyka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*we-gilgaltikha*": "conjunction + verb, Pilpel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will roll you down", "*min-ha-sela'im*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - from the rocks/cliffs", "*u-netattikha*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make you", "*le-har*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to a mountain of", "*serefah*": "noun, feminine singular - burning/combustion" }, "variants": { "*hineni*": "behold me/here I am/I am ready", "*har ha-mashchit*": "mountain of destruction/destroying mountain", "*mashchit*": "destroyer/destructor/one who causes ruin", "*natah yad*": "stretch out hand/extend power", "*gilgal*": "roll down/tumble/roll away", "*sela'im*": "rocks/cliffs/crags", "*har serefah*": "mountain of burning/burnt mountain/volcano" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.26", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִקְח֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ אֶ֣בֶן לְפִנָּ֔ה וְאֶ֖בֶן לְמֽוֹסָד֑וֹת כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And not shall they *laqach* from you *'eben le-pinnah* and *'eben le-mosadot*, for *shimmot 'olam* you shall *hayah*, *ne'um-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*we-lo'-yiqchu*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they will not take", "*mimeka*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from you", "*'eben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*le-pinnah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a corner", "*we-'eben*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and stone", "*le-mosadot*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - for foundations", "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*shimmot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - desolations of", "*'olam*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*tihyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be", "*ne'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*laqach*": "take/receive/fetch/use", "*'eben le-pinnah*": "cornerstone/stone for a corner", "*'eben le-mosadot*": "foundation stone/stone for foundations", "*shimmot 'olam*": "everlasting desolations/perpetual waste", "*ne'um*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } }
• Jer 51:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.37", "source": "וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל ׀ לְגַלִּ֧ים ׀ מְעוֹן־תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב", "text": "And-*hāyətāh* *Bābel* to-*gallîm* *məʿôn*-*tannîm* *šammāh* and-*šərēqāh* from-*ʾên* *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will become/she will be", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*gallîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps/ruins", "*məʿôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment", "*šərēqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hissing/derision", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without/there is not", "*yôšēb*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/piles", "*məʿôn*": "dwelling place/habitation/den", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents", "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation", "*šərēqāh*": "hissing/derision/scorn" } }
• Jer 51:64 : 64 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.64", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כָּ֠כָה תִּשְׁקַ֨ע בָּבֶ֤ל וְלֹֽא־תָקוּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ וְיָעֵ֑פוּ עַד־הֵ֖נָּה דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָֽהוּ׃ ס", "text": "*wəʾāmartā* *kāḵāh* *tišqaʿ* *bāḇel* *wəlōʾ*-*tāqûm* *mippənê* *hārāʿāh* *ʾăšer* *ʾānōḵî* *mēḇîʾ* *ʿālêhā* *wəyāʿēpû* *ʿad*-*hēnnāh* *diḇrê* *yirmiyāhû*", "grammar": { "*wəʾāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say", "*kāḵāh*": "adverb - thus", "*tišqaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will sink", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tāqûm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will rise", "*mippənê*": "preposition + construct - from the face of/because of", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the disaster/evil", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mēḇîʾ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - am bringing", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon her", "*wəyāʿēpû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will be weary/exhausted", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hēnnāh*": "adverb - here/thus far", "*diḇrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*yirmiyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah" }, "variants": { "*tišqaʿ*": "will sink/will drown", "*tāqûm*": "will rise/will recover", "*hārāʿāh*": "the disaster/the evil/the calamity", "*mēḇîʾ*": "am bringing/will bring", "*wəyāʿēpû*": "and they will be weary/they will faint", "*ʿad*-*hēnnāh*": "thus far/to this point" } }
• Rev 18:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.2", "source": "Καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμόνων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου.", "text": "And *ekraxen* with *ischyra* *phōnē* *megalē*, *legōn*, *Epesen*, *epesen* *Babylōn* the *megalē*, and *egeneto* *katoikētērion* of *daimonōn*, and *phylakē* of every *pneumatos* *akathartou*, and *phylakē* of every *orneou* *akathartou* and *memisēmenou*.", "grammar": { "*ekraxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - cried out/shouted", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with/in", "*ischyra*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - strong/mighty", "*phōnē*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*epesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - fell/has fallen", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great/mighty", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/has become", "*katoikētērion*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - dwelling place/habitation", "*daimonōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - demons/evil spirits", "*phylakē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - prison/hold/cage", "*pantos*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - every/all", "*pneumatos*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - spirit", "*akathartou*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - unclean/impure", "*orneou*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - bird", "*memisēmenou*": "perfect passive participle, genitive, neuter, singular - hated/detested" }, "variants": { "*ekraxen*": "cried out/shouted/exclaimed", "*ischyra*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/tone", "*megalē*": "great/loud/mighty", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*epesen*": "fell/has fallen/collapsed", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*egeneto*": "became/has become/came to be", "*katoikētērion*": "dwelling place/habitation/residence", "*daimonōn*": "demons/evil spirits/supernatural beings", "*phylakē*": "prison/cage/hold/watch", "*pneumatos*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*akathartou*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*orneou*": "bird/fowl", "*memisēmenou*": "hated/detested/despised" } }