2 {
"verseID": "John.3.2",
"source": "Οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν νυκτός, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος: οὐδεὶς γὰρ ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα δύναται ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ Θεὸς μετʼ αὐτοῦ.",
"text": "*Houtos ēlthen pros* the *Iēsoun nuktos*, and *eipen* to him, *Rabbi*, we *oidamen hoti* from *Theou elēluthas didaskalos*: *oudeis gar tauta ta sēmeia dunatai poiein ha su poieis*, if not *ē ho Theos met'* him.",
"grammar": {
"*Houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - this one/he",
"*ēlthen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - came/went [completed action]",
"*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward",
"*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus",
"*nuktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night/at night [temporal]",
"*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said/spoke [completed action]",
"*Rabbi*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Rabbi/Teacher [Aramaic term]",
"*oidamen*": "perfect, 1st plural - we know/have known",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God/from God",
"*elēluthas*": "perfect, 2nd singular - you have come",
"*didaskalos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - teacher",
"*oudeis*": "negative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - no one",
"*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because",
"*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - these",
"*sēmeia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - signs/miracles",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*poiein*": "present, infinitive - to do/make",
"*ha*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - which",
"*su*": "personal pronoun, nominative - you",
"*poieis*": "present, 2nd singular - you do/make",
"*ē*": "present subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with"
},
"variants": {
"*Rabbi*": "my master/my teacher [Hebrew title of respect]",
"*nuktos*": "by night/during night [indicating secrecy/privacy]",
"*elēluthas*": "you have come/arrived/appeared",
"*sēmeia*": "signs/miracles/wonders [authenticating demonstrations]"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "John.3.3",
"source": "Ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι, Ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν, οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ.",
"text": "*Apekrithē ho Iēsous kai eipen* to him, *Amēn, amēn, legō soi*, Unless *tis gennēthē anōthen*, not *dunatai idein tēn basileian tou Theou*.",
"grammar": {
"*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered/responded",
"*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said/spoke",
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew term - truly/verily [emphatic affirmation]",
"*legō*": "present, 1st singular - I say/tell",
"*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative - to you",
"*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone/someone",
"*gennēthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be born",
"*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/again",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*idein*": "aorist, infinitive - to see/perceive",
"*basileian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign",
"*tou Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God"
},
"variants": {
"*Amēn*": "truly/verily/certainly [solemn assertion]",
"*anōthen*": "from above/again/anew [deliberate double meaning]",
"*idein*": "to see/perceive/experience",
"*basileian*": "kingdom/reign/rule/sovereignty"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "John.3.4",
"source": "Λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Νικόδημος, Πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν; μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν, καὶ γεννηθῆναι;",
"text": "*Legei pros auton ho Nikodēmos*, How *dunatai anthrōpos gennēthēnai gerōn ōn*? not *dunatai eis tēn koilian tēs mētros autou deuteron eiselthein, kai gennēthēnai*?",
"grammar": {
"*Legei*": "present, 3rd singular - says/tells",
"*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward",
"*auton*": "personal pronoun, accusative, masculine - him",
"*Nikodēmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Nicodemus",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person",
"*gennēthēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be born",
"*gerōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - old man/elderly",
"*ōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being",
"*koilian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - womb/belly",
"*mētros*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of mother",
"*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine - his",
"*deuteron*": "adverb - second time/again",
"*eiselthein*": "aorist, infinitive - to enter/go in",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*gennēthēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be born"
},
"variants": {
"*gerōn*": "old/aged/elderly",
"*koilian*": "womb/belly/abdomen",
"*deuteron*": "second time/again/for a second time"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "John.3.5",
"source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς, Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι, Ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ.",
"text": "*Apekrithē Iēsous, Amēn, amēn, legō soi*, Unless *tis gennēthē ex hydatos kai Pneumatos*, not *dunatai eiselthein eis tēn basileian tou Theou*.",
"grammar": {
"*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered/responded",
"*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus",
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew term - truly/verily [emphatic affirmation]",
"*legō*": "present, 1st singular - I say/tell",
"*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative - to you",
"*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone/someone",
"*gennēthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be born",
"*ex*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of",
"*hydatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of water",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*eiselthein*": "aorist, infinitive - to enter/go in",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to",
"*basileian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign",
"*tou Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God"
},
"variants": {
"*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/wind/breath [play on words continues]",
"*hydatos*": "water/fluid [possibly symbolic of natural birth or purification]",
"*eiselthein*": "to enter/go in/join"
}
}