Judges 18:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Judges.18.2", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵי־דָ֣ן ׀ מִֽמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּ֡ם חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֣ים מִקְצוֹתָם֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵי־חַ֜יִל מִצָּרְעָ֣ה וּמֵֽאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֗ל לְרַגֵּ֤ל אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּלְחָקְרָ֔הּ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֖וּ חִקְר֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyišleḥû* *benê*-*dān* from *mišpaḥtām* five *ʾănāšîm* from *qeṣôtām* *ʾănāšîm* *benê*-*ḥayil* from *ṣoreʿâ* and from *ʾeštāʾōl* to *raggēl* *ʾet*-the *ʾāreṣ* and to *ḥāqrāh* and *wayyōʾmerû* to them *lekû* *ḥiqrû* *ʾet*-the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayyābōʾû* *har*-*ʾep̄rayim* until-*bêt* *mîkâ* and *wayyālînû* there", "grammar": { "*wayyišleḥû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they sent", "*benê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*dān*": "proper noun - Dan", "*mišpaḥtām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their family/clan", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*qeṣôtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ends/extremities", "*benê-ḥayil*": "construct phrase - sons of valor/strength, meaning valiant men", "*ṣoreʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*ʾeštāʾōl*": "proper noun - Eshtaol", "*raggēl*": "piel infinitive construct - to spy out", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*ḥāqrāh*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to search/explore it", "*wayyōʾmerû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lekû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!", "*ḥiqrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - search/explore!", "*wayyābōʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill country of", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*mîkâ*": "proper noun - Micah", "*wayyālînû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they lodged/spent the night" }, "variants": { "*mišpaḥtām*": "their family/clan/tribe", "*qeṣôtām*": "their ends/extremities/altogether", "*ḥayil*": "strength/valor/worthiness/army", "*raggēl*": "to spy out/to scout/to explore", "*ḥāqrāh*": "to search/explore/investigate it", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵי־דָ֣ן ׀ מִֽמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּ֡ם חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֣ים מִקְצוֹתָם֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵי־חַ֜יִל מִצָּרְעָ֣ה וּמֵֽאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֗ל לְרַגֵּ֤ל אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּלְחָקְרָ֔הּ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֖וּ חִקְר֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃

Transliteration

And wayyišleḥû benê-dān from mišpaḥtām five ʾănāšîm from qeṣôtām ʾănāšîm benê-ḥayil from ṣoreʿâ and from ʾeštāʾōl to raggēl ʾet-the ʾāreṣ and to ḥāqrāh and wayyōʾmerû to them lekû ḥiqrû ʾet-the ʾāreṣ and wayyābōʾû har-ʾep̄rayim until-bêt mîkâ and wayyālînû there

Grammar Details

• *wayyišleḥû*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they sent
• *benê*: noun, masculine plural construct - sons of
• *dān*: proper noun - Dan
• *mišpaḥtām*: noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their family/clan
• *ʾănāšîm*: noun, masculine plural - men
• *qeṣôtām*: noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ends/extremities
• *benê-ḥayil*: construct phrase - sons of valor/strength, meaning valiant men
• *ṣoreʿâ*: proper noun - Zorah
• *ʾeštāʾōl*: proper noun - Eshtaol
• *raggēl*: piel infinitive construct - to spy out
• *ʾāreṣ*: noun, feminine singular - land/earth
• *ḥāqrāh*: qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to search/explore it
• *wayyōʾmerû*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said
• *lekû*: qal imperative, masculine plural - go!
• *ḥiqrû*: qal imperative, masculine plural - search/explore!
• *wayyābōʾû*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came
• *har*: noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill country of
• *ʾep̄rayim*: proper noun - Ephraim
• *bêt*: noun, masculine singular construct - house of
• *mîkâ*: proper noun - Micah
• *wayyālînû*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they lodged/spent the night

Word Meanings

• *mišpaḥtām*: their family/clan/tribe
• *qeṣôtām*: their ends/extremities/altogether
• *ḥayil*: strength/valor/worthiness/army
• *raggēl*: to spy out/to scout/to explore
• *ḥāqrāh*: to search/explore/investigate it
• *ʾāreṣ*: land/earth/ground/territory

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The Danites sent five men from their clans, strong and valiant men from Zorah and Eshtaol, to spy out the land and explore it. They said to them, 'Go and explore the land.' When they came to the hill country of Ephraim, to Micah's house, they stayed there for the night.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the children of Dan sent from their family five men from their territory, men of valor, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land and to search it; and they said to them, Go, search the land. When they came to Mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land. And they came to the hill-country of Ephraim, unto the house of Micah, and lodged there.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And the childre of Dan sent out of their kynreds fyue captaynes (which were men of armes) from Zarga and Esthaol, to spye and search out the londe. And they sayde vnto them: Go youre waie, and search out the londe. And they came vp to mount Ephraim in to ye house of Micha, and taried there all nighte.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Therefore the children of Dan sent of their familie, fiue men out of their coastes, euen men expert in warre, out of Zorah and Eshtaol, to viewe the lande and search it out, and saide vnto them, Goe, and search out the lande. Then they came to mount Ephraim to the house of Michah and lodged there.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the children of Dan sent of their kynred fyue actiue men in feates of warre out of their coastes, euen out of Zaraah & Esthaol, to viewe the lande and searche it out, and sayde vnto them: Go, and searche out the lande. Which whan they came to mount Ephraim, euen to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said to them, Go, search the land. They came to the hill-country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the sons of Dan send, out of their family, five men of them, men, sons of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to traverse the land, and to search it, and they say unto them, `Go, search the land;' and they come into the hill-country of Ephraim, unto the house of Micah, and lodge there.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land. And they came to the hill-country of Ephraim, unto the house of Micah, and lodged there.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land. And they came to the hill-country of Ephraim, unto the house of Micah, and lodged there.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So the children of Dan sent five men from among their number, strong men, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to take a look at the land and make a search through it; and they said to them, Go and make a search through the land; and they came to the hill-country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, where they made a stop for the night.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said to them, "Go, explore the land!" They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The Danites sent out from their whole tribe five representatives, capable men from Zorah and Eshtaol, to spy out the land and explore it. They said to them,“Go, explore the land.” They came to the Ephraimite hill country and spent the night at Micah’s house.

Referenced Verses

• Judg 13:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Judges.13.25", "source": "וַתָּ֙חֶל֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְפַעֲמ֖וֹ בְּמַחֲנֵה־דָ֑ן בֵּ֥ין צָרְעָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽל׃ פ", "text": "And *wə-* *tāḥel* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* to *ləpaʿămô* in *bəmaḥănēh-dān* between *bên* *ṣārəʿâ* and between *û-bên* *ʾeštāʾōl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tāḥel*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and began", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ləpaʿămô*": "preposition lamed + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to stir him", "*bəmaḥănēh-dān*": "preposition bet + construct noun, masculine singular + proper noun - in camp of Dan", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*ṣārəʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*û-bên*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and between", "*ʾeštāʾōl*": "proper noun - Eshtaol" }, "variants": { "*tāḥel*": "began/started", "*rûaḥ YHWH*": "Spirit of YHWH/power of YHWH/divine inspiration", "*ləpaʿămô*": "to stir him/to move him/to impel him", "*maḥănēh-dān*": "camp of Dan/encampment of Dan/settlement area of Dan", "*bên ṣārəʿâ û-bên ʾeštāʾōl*": "between Zorah and Eshtaol (place names)" } }
• Josh 2:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Joshua.2.1", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִהוֹשֻֽׁעַ־בִּן נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה", "text": "And *wə-yišlaḥ* *Yəhôšuaʿ*-*bēn* *Nûn* from-the-*šiṭṭîm* two-men *məraggəlîm* *ḥereš* saying, Go *rəʾû* *ʾet*-the-land and-*ʾet*-*Yərîḥô* and-they-*wə-yēlḵû* and-they-*wə-yāḇōʾû* house-of-woman *zônâ* and-her-name *Rāḥāḇ* and-they-*wayyiškəḇû*-there", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*bēn*": "construct state noun, masculine singular - son of", "*Nûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nun", "*šiṭṭîm*": "proper noun with definite article - Shittim (place name)", "*məraggəlîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - spies/scouts", "*ḥereš*": "adverb - secretly/silently", "*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see/look at", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yərîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*wə-yēlḵû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came/entered", "*zônâ*": "feminine singular noun - prostitute/harlot", "*Rāḥāḇ*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Rahab", "*wayyiškəḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they lay down/lodged" }, "variants": { "*ḥereš*": "secretly/silently/quietly", "*zônâ*": "prostitute/harlot/innkeeper", "*wayyiškəḇû*": "lay down/lodged/slept" } }
• Num 13:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֹתָם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָת֖וּר אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם עֲל֥וּ זֶה֙ בַּנֶּ֔גֶב וַעֲלִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־הָהָֽר׃", "text": "*wa-yišlaḥ* *ʾōtām* *mōšeh* *lātûr* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *kənāʿan* *wa-yōʾmer* *ʾălêhem* *ʿălû* *zeh* *ba-negeb* *wa-ʿălîtem* *ʾet*-*hā-hār*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*lātûr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to spy out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*kənāʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʿălû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - go up", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ba-negeb*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the Negev", "*wa-ʿălîtem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and go up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-hār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the mountain/hill country" }, "variants": { "*lātûr*": "to spy out/to explore/to search", "*negeb*": "south/Negev/south country", "*hā-hār*": "the mountain/the hill country/the highlands" } }
• Judg 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Judges.18.8", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם צָרְעָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם מָ֥ה אַתֶּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾû* to-*ʾăḥêhem* *ṣoreʿâ* and *ʾeštāʾōl* and *wayyōʾmerû* to them *ʾăḥêhem* what you", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their brothers", "*ṣoreʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*ʾeštāʾōl*": "proper noun - Eshtaol", "*wayyōʾmerû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their brothers" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḥêhem*": "their brothers/their kinsmen/their relatives" } }
• Judg 18:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.18.11", "source": "וַיִּסְע֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַדָּנִ֔י מִצָּרְעָ֖ה וּמֵאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ חָג֖וּר כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyiseʿû* from there from *mišpaḥat* the *dānî* from *ṣoreʿâ* and from *ʾeštāʾōl* six-hundred *ʾîš* *ḥāgûr* *kelê* *milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyiseʿû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they journeyed/set out", "*mišpaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - family/clan of", "*dānî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Danite", "*ṣoreʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*ʾeštāʾōl*": "proper noun - Eshtaol", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*ḥāgûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - girded/equipped", "*kelê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - weapons/implements of", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*wayyiseʿû*": "they journeyed/they set out/they departed", "*mišpaḥat*": "family/clan/tribe", "*ḥāgûr*": "girded/equipped/armed", "*kelê*": "weapons/implements/tools", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/fighting" } }
• Judg 19:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.19.1", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in the *yāmîm* those, and *melek* not in *yiśrāʾēl*; and *wayəhî* *ʾîš* *lēwî* *gār* in *yarəkətê* mountain-of-*ʾep̄rayim*, and *wayyiqqaḥ*-to-himself *ʾiššâ* *p̄îlegeš* from *bêt* *leḥem* *yəhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*lēwî*": "proper noun - Levite", "*gār*": "masculine singular participle - sojourning/dwelling", "*yarəkətê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/sides", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife", "*p̄îlegeš*": "feminine singular noun - concubine", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*leḥem*": "noun - bread/Bethlehem", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and there was", "*gār*": "sojourning/dwelling temporarily/residing", "*yarəkətê*": "remote parts/sides/recesses/furthest parts", "*p̄îlegeš*": "concubine/secondary wife/paramour", "*bêt leḥem*": "house of bread/Bethlehem (place name)" } }
• Judg 19:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Judges.19.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-him *ʿōbrîm* *ʾănaḥnû* from-*Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* until-*yarkətê* *har*-*ʾEprayim* from-there *ʾānōkî* *wā-ʾēlēk* until-*Bêt leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* *wə-ʾet*-*bêt* *YHWH* *ʾănî* *hōlēk* *wə-ʾên* *ʾîš* *məʾassēp* me the-*baytāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿōbrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - passing over/crossing", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural personal pronoun - we", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun, construct - Bethlehem (house of bread)", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yarkətê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - remote parts/innermost parts", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*wā-ʾēlēk*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I went", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*hōlēk*": "qal participle masculine singular - going", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*məʾassēp*": "piel participle masculine singular - gathering/taking in", "*baytāh*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - to the house" }, "variants": { "*ʿōbrîm*": "passing over/crossing/traveling", "*yarkətê*": "remote parts/innermost parts/far reaches", "*wā-ʾēlēk*": "I went/traveled/journeyed", "*hōlēk*": "going/walking/traveling", "*məʾassēp*": "gathering/taking in/receiving" } }
• Prov 20:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.20.18", "source": "מַ֭חֲשָׁבוֹת בְּעֵצָ֣ה תִכּ֑וֹן וּ֝בְתַחְבֻּל֗וֹת עֲשֵׂ֣ה מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*maḥašābôt* in-*ʿēṣâ* *tikkôn* and-in-*taḥbulôt* *ʿaśēh* *milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*maḥašābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - plans/thoughts", "*ʿēṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel/advice", "*tikkôn*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - are established", "*taḥbulôt*": "noun, feminine plural - guidance/direction/strategy", "*ʿaśēh*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - make/do", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*maḥašābôt*": "plans/thoughts/intentions", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/advice/consultation", "*tikkôn*": "are established/are made firm/succeed", "*taḥbulôt*": "guidance/direction/strategy/wise counsel", "*ʿaśēh*": "make/do/conduct", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/conflict" } }
• Luke 14:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Luke.14.31", "source": "Ἢ τίς βασιλεὺς, πορευόμενος συμβαλεῖν ἑτέρῳ βασιλεῖ εἰς πόλεμον, οὐχὶ καθίσας πρῶτον, βουλεύεται εἰ δυνατός ἐστιν ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀπαντῆσαι τῷ μετὰ εἴκοσι χιλιάδων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπʼ αὐτόν;", "text": "Or what *basileus*, *poreuomenos symbalein heterō basilei* into *polemon*, not *kathisas prōton*, *bouleuetai* if *dynatos estin* with *deka chiliasin apantēsai* the one with *eikosi chiliadōn erchomenō ep'* him?", "grammar": { "*ē*": "conjunction - or", "*tis*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - what/which", "*basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*poreuomenos*": "present participle, middle/passive, nominative, masculine, singular - going/proceeding", "*symbalein*": "aorist infinitive, active - to engage/encounter", "*heterō*": "adjective, dative, masculine, singular - another", "*basilei*": "dative, masculine, singular - king", "*polemon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - war/battle", "*ouchi*": "negative particle (emphatic) - not", "*kathisas*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having sat down", "*prōton*": "adverb - first", "*bouleuetai*": "present, 3rd singular, middle - consults/considers", "*ei*": "conjunction - if", "*dynatos*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - able/capable", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with/in", "*deka*": "numeral - ten", "*chiliasin*": "dative, feminine, plural - thousands", "*apantēsai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to meet/encounter", "*tō*": "definite article, dative, masculine, singular - the one", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*eikosi*": "numeral - twenty", "*chiliadōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of thousands", "*erchomenō*": "present participle, middle/passive, dative, masculine, singular - coming", "*ep'*": "preposition + accusative - against" }, "variants": { "*basileus*": "king/ruler/monarch", "*poreuomenos*": "going/proceeding/marching", "*symbalein*": "to engage/to encounter/to meet in battle", "*heterō*": "another/other", "*polemon*": "war/battle/conflict", "*kathisas*": "having sat down/taking time/considering", "*bouleuetai*": "consults/considers/deliberates", "*dynatos*": "able/capable/strong enough", "*chiliasin*": "thousands/units of a thousand", "*apantēsai*": "to meet/to encounter/to face", "*erchomenō*": "coming/approaching/advancing" } }
• Gen 42:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.42.9", "source": "וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת הַחֲלֹמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלַ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לִרְא֛וֹת אֶת־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyizkōr* *yôsēp* *ʾēt* *haḥălōmôt* which *ḥālam* for-them, and *wayyōʾmer* to-them: *mĕraggĕlîm* you, to-*lirʾôt* *ʾet*-*ʿerwat* *hāʾāreṣ* *bāʾtem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyizkōr*": "waw-consecutive qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he remembered", "*yôsēp*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joseph", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*haḥălōmôt*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the dreams", "*ḥālam*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dreamed", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*mĕraggĕlîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - spies", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to see", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*bāʾtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have come" }, "variants": { "*mĕraggĕlîm*": "spies/scouts", "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness/vulnerability/weakness" } }
• Judg 16:31-17:1 : 31 { "verseID": "Judges.16.31", "source": "וַיֵּרְד֨וּ אֶחָ֜יו וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיהוּ֮ וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אוֹת֗וֹ בֵּ֤ין צָרְעָה֙ וּבֵ֣ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹ֔ל בְּקֶ֖בֶר מָנ֣וֹחַ אָבִ֑יו וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃", "text": "*wa*-*yērədû* *ʾeḥāyw* *wə*-all-*bêt* *ʾābîhû* *wa*-*yiśʾû* *ʾōtô* *wa*-*yaʿălû* *wa*-*yiqbərû* *ʾôtô* between *ṣorʿâ* and-between *ʾeštāʾōl*, in-*qeber* *mānôaḥ* *ʾābîw*. *wə*-*hûʾ* *šāpaṭ* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʿeśrîm* *šānâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yērədû*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - and they went down", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*ʾābîhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa*-*yiśʾû*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - and they carried", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wa*-*yaʿălû*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought up", "*wa*-*yiqbərû*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - and they buried", "*ṣorʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*ʾeštāʾōl*": "proper noun - Eshtaol", "*qeber*": "masculine singular construct noun - tomb/grave of", "*mānôaḥ*": "proper noun - Manoah", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə*-*hûʾ*": "conjunction and 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*šāpaṭ*": "perfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - judged", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿeśrîm*": "numeral - twenty", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year" }, "variants": { "*yērədû*": "went down/descended/came down", "*yiśʾû*": "carried/lifted/took", "*yaʿălû*": "brought up/carried up/went up", "*šāpaṭ*": "judged/governed/ruled" } } 1 { "verseID": "Judges.17.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי־אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽהַר־אֶפְרָ֖יִם וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃", "text": "And *wayhî* *ʾîš* from *har*-*ʾep̄rāyim* and *šĕmô* *mîḵāyĕhû*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular imperfect of *hāyâ* - and there was/became", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain/hill country of", "*ʾep̄rāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*šĕmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*mîḵāyĕhû*": "proper noun - Micayehu (Micah)" }, "variants": { "*wayhî*": "and it was/happened/came to pass", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/someone", "*har*": "mountain/hill country/highlands", "*mîḵāyĕhû*": "full theophoric form of name Micah (meaning 'Who is like Yahweh?')" } }
• Josh 17:15-18 : 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.17.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ עֲלֵ֣ה לְךָ֣ הַיַּ֔עְרָה וּבֵרֵאתָ֤ לְךָ֙ שָׁ֔ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַפְּרִזִּ֖י וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים כִּֽי־אָ֥ץ לְךָ֖ הַר־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-them *yəhôšuaʿ*: if-*ʿam*-*rāḇ* you, *ʿălēh* to-you the-*yaʿrāh* and-*bērēʾṯā* to-you there in-*ʾereṣ* the-*pərizzî* and-the-*rəp̄āʾîm*, for-*ʾāṣ* to-you *har*-*ʾep̄rāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + masculine singular qal imperfect 3rd person - and he said", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*rāḇ*": "adjective - numerous/large", "*ʿălēh*": "masculine singular qal imperative - go up", "*yaʿrāh*": "feminine singular noun with directional he suffix - to the forest", "*bērēʾṯā*": "masculine singular piel perfect 2nd person - you will cut down/clear", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*pərizzî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Perizzite", "*rəp̄āʾîm*": "proper noun with definite article - the Rephaim", "*ʾāṣ*": "masculine singular qal perfect 3rd person - it is too narrow", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ʾep̄rāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim" }, "variants": { "*yaʿrāh*": "forest/wooded area/woodland", "*bērēʾṯā*": "cut down/clear/make room for yourself", "*ʾāṣ*": "too narrow/confined/small/limited", "*rəp̄āʾîm*": "Rephaim/giants" } } 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.17.16", "source": "וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לֹֽא־יִמָּ֥צֵא לָ֖נוּ הָהָ֑ר וְרֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֗ל בְּכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־הָעֵ֔מֶק לֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְלַֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû* *bənê* *yôsēp̄*: not-*yimmāṣēʾ* for-us the-*hār*; and-*reḵeḇ* *barzel* in-all-the-*kənaʿănî* the-*yōšēḇ* in-*ʾereṣ*-the-*ʿēmeq*, to-*ʾăšer* in-*bêṯ*-*šəʾān* and-*bənôṯehā* and-to-*ʾăšer* in-*ʿēmeq* *yizrəʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + masculine plural qal imperfect 3rd person - and they said", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yôsēp̄*": "proper noun - Joseph", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "masculine singular niphal imperfect 3rd person - it will be found/sufficient", "*hār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the mountain", "*reḵeḇ*": "masculine singular construct - chariots of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*kənaʿănî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Canaanite", "*yōšēḇ*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the one dwelling", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*ʿēmeq*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the valley", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who", "*bêṯ*-*šəʾān*": "proper noun - Beth-shean", "*bənôṯehā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her daughters (satellite towns)", "*ʿēmeq*": "masculine singular construct - valley of", "*yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "is sufficient/enough/adequate for us", "*reḵeḇ barzel*": "iron chariots/chariots with iron fittings or weapons", "*ʿēmeq*": "valley/lowland/plain", "*bənôṯehā*": "her daughters/its satellite towns/its surrounding villages" } } 17 { "verseID": "Joshua.17.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וְלִמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר עַם־רַ֣ב אַתָּ֗ה וְכֹ֤חַ גָּדוֹל֙ לָ֔ךְ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ גּוֹרָ֥ל אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *yəhôšuaʿ* to-*bêṯ* *yôsēp̄*, to-*ʾep̄rayim* and-to-*mənašše* *lēmōr*: *ʿam*-*rāḇ* you, and-*kōaḥ* *gāḏôl* to-you; not-*yihyeh* to-you *gôrāl* *ʾeḥāḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + masculine singular qal imperfect 3rd person - and he said", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yôsēp̄*": "proper noun - Joseph", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*mənašše*": "proper noun - Manasseh", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*rāḇ*": "adjective - numerous/large", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective - great", "*yihyeh*": "masculine singular qal imperfect 3rd person - it will be", "*gôrāl*": "masculine singular noun - lot", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine singular number - one" }, "variants": { "*bêṯ*": "house/family/dynasty", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*gôrāl*": "lot/allotment/portion" } } 18 { "verseID": "Joshua.17.18", "source": "כִּ֣י הַ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ כִּֽי־יַ֣עַר ה֔וּא וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־תוֹרִ֣ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י כִּ֣י רֶ֤כֶב בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י חָזָ֖ק הֽוּא׃", "text": "For *hār* *yihyeh*-to-you, for-*yaʿar* it, and-*bērēʾṯô*, and-*hāyāh* to-you *tōṣəʾōṯāyw*; for-*ṯôrîš* *ʾeṯ*-the-*kənaʿănî*, for *reḵeḇ* *barzel* to-him, for *ḥāzāq* he.", "grammar": { "*hār*": "masculine singular noun - mountain", "*yihyeh*": "masculine singular qal imperfect 3rd person - it will be", "*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - forest", "*bērēʾṯô*": "masculine singular piel perfect 2nd person + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will clear it", "*hāyāh*": "masculine singular qal perfect 3rd person - it will be", "*tōṣəʾōṯāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its outgoings/limits", "*ṯôrîš*": "masculine singular hiphil imperfect 2nd person - you will dispossess", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kənaʿănî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Canaanite", "*reḵeḇ*": "masculine singular construct - chariots of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective - strong" }, "variants": { "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded area/woodland", "*bērēʾṯô*": "clear it/cut it down/make it habitable", "*tōṣəʾōṯāyw*": "its limits/boundaries/ends/extents", "*ṯôrîš*": "dispossess/drive out/take possession from", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful" } }
• Josh 19:41 : 41 { "verseID": "Joshua.19.41", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם צָרְעָ֥ה וְאֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְעִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *gəbûl* *naḥălātām* *ṣorʿâ* *wə-ʾeštāʾôl* *wə-ʿîr šāmeš*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and was", "*gəbûl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - border of", "*naḥălātām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their inheritance", "*ṣorʿâ*": "proper noun - Zorah", "*wə-ʾeštāʾôl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Eshtaol", "*wə-ʿîr*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and city of", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun" }, "variants": { "*gəbûl*": "border/territory/boundary", "*naḥălātām*": "their inheritance/possession/property", "*ʿîr šāmeš*": "city of the sun/Ir-shemesh/Beth-shemesh" } }
• Judg 13:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Judges.13.2", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֧ד מִצָּרְעָ֛ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת הַדָּנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָנ֑וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ עֲקָרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יָלָֽדָה׃", "text": "And *wə-* *yəhî* *ʾîš* *ʾeḥād* from *miṣṣārəʿâ* from *mimmišpaḥat* the *dānî* and *û-šəmô* *mānôaḥ*, and *wə-ʾištô* *ʿăqārâ* and *wə-lōʾ* *yālādâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and there was", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one/a certain", "*miṣṣārəʿâ*": "preposition min + proper noun - from Zorah", "*mimmišpaḥat*": "preposition min + construct noun, feminine singular - from family/clan of", "*dānî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Danite", "*û-šəmô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his name", "*mānôaḥ*": "proper noun - Manoah", "*wə-ʾištô*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his wife", "*ʿăqārâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - barren", "*wə-lōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yālādâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she had given birth" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ʾeḥād*": "one man/a certain man", "*mimmišpaḥat*": "from family of/from clan of/from tribe of", "*ʿăqārâ*": "barren/infertile/childless", "*yālādâ*": "had given birth/had borne children" } }