28 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.28",
"source": "וְשֶׂ֣רֶט לָנֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וּכְתֹ֣בֶת קֽ͏ַעֲקַ֔ע לֹ֥א תִתְּנ֖וּ בָּכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*wə-śereṭ* *lanepeš* *lōʾ* *ṯittənû* *biḇśarḵem* *û-ḵəṯōḇeṯ* *qaʿăqaʿ* *lōʾ* *ṯittənû* *bāḵem* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-śereṭ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and cutting",
"*lanepeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - for the dead/soul",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯittənû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall make/put",
"*biḇśarḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your flesh",
"*û-ḵəṯōḇeṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and writing/marking of",
"*qaʿăqaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - tattoo/incision/imprint",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯittənû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall make/put",
"*bāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in you",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*śereṭ* *lanepeš*": "cutting for the dead/incision for a soul/ritual cutting for mourning",
"*ḵəṯōḇeṯ* *qaʿăqaʿ*": "tattoo marking/permanent writing/indelible inscription"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.29",
"source": "אַל־תְּחַלֵּ֥ל אֶֽת־בִּתְּךָ֖ לְהַזְנוֹתָ֑הּ וְלֹא־תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה",
"text": "*ʾal*-*təḥallēl* *ʾeṯ*-*bittəḵā* *ləhaznôṯāh* *wə-lōʾ*-*ṯizneh* *hāʾāreṣ* *û-mālʾāh* *hāʾāreṣ* *zimmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not",
"*təḥallēl*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular jussive - profane",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bittəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter",
"*ləhaznôṯāh*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to make her a prostitute",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯizneh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be prostituted/will whore",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*û-mālʾāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will be filled",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*zimmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - lewdness/wickedness"
},
"variants": {
"*təḥallēl*": "profane/defile/desecrate",
"*ləhaznôṯāh*": "to make her a prostitute/to cause her to be a harlot/to cause her to commit fornication",
"*ṯizneh*": "be prostituted/play the harlot/be unfaithful",
"*zimmāh*": "lewdness/wickedness/depravity/evil plans"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.30",
"source": "אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י תִּירָ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*ʾeṯ*-*šabbəṯōṯay* *tišmōrû* *û-miqdāšî* *tîrāʾû* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*šabbəṯōṯay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths",
"*tišmōrû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall keep",
"*û-miqdāšî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and my sanctuary",
"*tîrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall fear/revere",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*tišmōrû*": "keep/observe/guard",
"*miqdāšî*": "my sanctuary/my holy place/my sacred place",
"*tîrāʾû*": "fear/revere/respect"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.31",
"source": "אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם",
"text": "*ʾal*-*tip̄nû* *ʾel*-*hāʾōḇōṯ* *wə-ʾel*-*hayyiddəʿōnîm* *ʾal*-*təḇaqšû* *ləṭomʾāh* *ḇāhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not",
"*tip̄nû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural jussive - turn",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hāʾōḇōṯ*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mediums/necromancers",
"*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to",
"*hayyiddəʿōnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the spiritists/familiar spirits",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not",
"*təḇaqšû*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural jussive - seek",
"*ləṭomʾāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be defiled",
"*ḇāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - by them",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʾōḇōṯ*": "mediums/necromancers/ghost conjurers/those who communicate with the dead",
"*hayyiddəʿōnîm*": "spiritists/wizards/those with familiar spirits/those who claim special knowledge",
"*ləṭomʾāh*": "to be defiled/to become unclean/to be polluted"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.32",
"source": "מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*mippənê* *śêḇāh* *tāqûm* *wə-hāḏartā* *pənê* *zāqēn* *wə-yārēʾṯā* *mēʾĕlōhêḵā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*mippənê*": "preposition + construct - before",
"*śêḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - gray hair/old age",
"*tāqûm*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall rise",
"*wə-hāḏartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall honor",
"*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old/elderly",
"*wə-yārēʾṯā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall fear",
"*mēʾĕlōhêḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your God",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*śêḇāh*": "gray hair/hoary head/old age",
"*tāqûm*": "rise/stand up/show respect",
"*hāḏartā*": "honor/respect/show deference to",
"*zāqēn*": "elderly person/old man/elder"
}
}