21{
"verseID": "Romans.1.21",
"source": "Διότι, γνόντες τὸν Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν, ἢ εὐχαρίστησαν· ἀλλʼ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία.",
"text": "*Dioti*, *gnontes* the *Theon*, *ouch* *hōs* *Theon* *edoxasan*, *ē* *eucharistēsan*· *all'* *emataiōthēsan* *en* the *dialogismois* *autōn*, *kai* *eskotisthē* the *asynetos* *autōn* *kardia*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dioti*": "conjunction - because",
"*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*ouch*": "negative particle - not",
"*hōs*": "adverb - as",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*edoxasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they glorified",
"*ē*": "conjunction - or",
"*eucharistēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they gave thanks",
"*all'*": "conjunction - but",
"*emataiōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became futile",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*dialogismois*": "dative, masculine, plural - reasoning/thoughts",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was darkened",
"*asynetos*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - foolish/senseless",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart"
},
"variants": {
"*gnontes*": "having known/recognized/understood",
"*edoxasan*": "they glorified/honored/praised",
"*eucharistēsan*": "they gave thanks/were grateful",
"*emataiōthēsan*": "they became futile/vain/empty",
"*dialogismois*": "reasoning/thoughts/deliberations",
"*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured/blinded",
"*asynetos*": "foolish/senseless/without understanding",
"*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Romans.1.22",
"source": "Φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν,",
"text": "*Phaskontes* *einai* *sophoi*, *emōranthēsan*,",
"grammar": {
"*Phaskontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - professing/claiming",
"*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be",
"*sophoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural, adjective - wise",
"*emōranthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became fools"
},
"variants": {
"*Phaskontes*": "professing/claiming/asserting",
"*sophoi*": "wise/skilled/learned",
"*emōranthēsan*": "they became fools/were made foolish/became moronic"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Romans.1.23",
"source": "Καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν.",
"text": "*Kai* *ēllaxan* the *doxan* the *aphthartou* *Theou* *en* *homoiōmati* *eikonos* *phthartou* *anthrōpou*, *kai* *peteinōn*, *kai* *tetrapodōn*, *kai* *herpetōn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*ēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they changed/exchanged",
"*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory",
"*aphthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - incorruptible",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - for",
"*homoiōmati*": "dative, neuter, singular - likeness",
"*eikonos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of image",
"*phthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - corruptible",
"*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*peteinōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of birds",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*tetrapodōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of four-footed animals",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*herpetōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of reptiles"
},
"variants": {
"*ēllaxan*": "they changed/exchanged/altered",
"*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor",
"*aphthartou*": "incorruptible/imperishable/immortal",
"*homoiōmati*": "likeness/similarity/resemblance",
"*eikonos*": "image/likeness/representation",
"*phthartou*": "corruptible/perishable/mortal",
"*peteinōn*": "birds/flying creatures",
"*tetrapodōn*": "four-footed animals/quadrupeds",
"*herpetōn*": "reptiles/creeping things"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Romans.1.24",
"source": "Διὸ καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς:",
"text": "*Dio* *kai* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *en* the *epithymiais* the *kardiōn* *autōn* *eis* *akatharsian*, the *atimazesthai* the *sōmata* *autōn* *en* *heautois*:",
"grammar": {
"*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason",
"*kai*": "adverb - also",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - to",
"*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires",
"*kardiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of hearts",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into",
"*akatharsian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - uncleanness",
"*atimazesthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be dishonored",
"*sōmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - bodies",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - among",
"*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore",
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/cravings",
"*kardiōn*": "hearts/minds/inner beings",
"*akatharsian*": "uncleanness/impurity",
"*atimazesthai*": "to be dishonored/degraded/disgraced",
"*sōmata*": "bodies/physical forms"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Romans.1.25",
"source": "Οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν Κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.",
"text": "*Hoitines* *metēllaxan* the *alētheian* the *Theou* *en* the *pseudei*, *kai* *esebasthēsan* *kai* *elatreusan* the *ktisei* *para* the *Ktisanta*, *hos* *estin* *eulogētos* *eis* the *aiōnas*. *Amēn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who",
"*metēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they exchanged",
"*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - for",
"*pseudei*": "dative, neuter, singular - lie",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*esebasthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they worshiped/revered",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*elatreusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they served",
"*ktisei*": "dative, feminine, singular - creation",
"*para*": "preposition + accusative - rather than/beyond",
"*Ktisanta*": "aorist active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - Creator/the one who created",
"*hos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - who",
"*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is",
"*eulogētos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - blessed",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for",
"*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages",
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - amen/truly"
},
"variants": {
"*metēllaxan*": "they exchanged/changed/altered",
"*alētheian*": "truth/reality",
"*pseudei*": "lie/falsehood",
"*esebasthēsan*": "they worshiped/revered/venerated",
"*elatreusan*": "they served/ministered to/rendered religious service",
"*ktisei*": "creation/created thing",
"*Ktisanta*": "Creator/the one who created",
"*eulogētos*": "blessed/praised/worthy of praise",
"*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/forever"
}
}