Psalms 109:16

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.109.16", "source": "יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֢וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃", "text": "*Yaʿan* that not *zākar* to-do *ḥāsed* and-*wayyirdōp* *ʾîš*-*ʿānî* and-*ʾebyôn* and-*nikʾēh* *lēbāb* to-*môtēt*.", "grammar": { "*Yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*zākar*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he remembered", "*ḥāsed*": "noun, masculine singular - kindness/loyalty/mercy", "*wayyirdōp*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he pursued", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*ʾebyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - needy/poor", "*nikʾēh*": "adjective, niphal participle masculine singular - crushed/broken", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*môtēt*": "verb, polel infinitive construct - to put to death" }, "variants": { "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute", "*nikʾēh* *lēbāb*": "broken-hearted/crushed in spirit/wounded in heart", "*môtēt*": "to put to death/to slay/to cause to die" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֢וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃

Transliteration

Yaʿan that not zākar to-do ḥāsed and-wayyirdōp ʾîš-ʿānî and-ʾebyôn and-nikʾēh lēbāb to-môtēt.

Grammar Details

• *Yaʿan*: conjunction - because
• *zākar*: verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he remembered
• *ḥāsed*: noun, masculine singular - kindness/loyalty/mercy
• *wayyirdōp*: verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he pursued
• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular construct - man of
• *ʿānî*: adjective, masculine singular - poor/afflicted
• *ʾebyôn*: adjective, masculine singular - needy/poor
• *nikʾēh*: adjective, niphal participle masculine singular - crushed/broken
• *lēbāb*: noun, masculine singular - heart
• *môtēt*: verb, polel infinitive construct - to put to death

Word Meanings

• *ʿānî*: poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed
• *ʾebyôn*: needy/poor/destitute
• *nikʾēh* *lēbāb*: broken-hearted/crushed in spirit/wounded in heart
• *môtēt*: to put to death/to slay/to cause to die

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Because he did not remember to show kindness but pursued the poor and needy and brokenhearted to their death.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Because he did not remember to show mercy but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the brokenhearted.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Because he remembered not to show kindness, But persecuted the poor and needy man, And the broken in heart, to slay [them].

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  His delite was in cursynge, and therfore shall it happe vnto him: he loued not blessynge, and that shall be farre fro him.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Because he remembred not to shew mercie, but persecuted the afflicted and poore man, and the sorowfull hearted to slay him.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Because that he remembred not to do good: but he persecuted the afflicted and poore man, and hym whose heart was broken with sorow, that he might take his life from hym.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Because he didn't remember to show kindness, But persecuted the poor and needy man, The broken in heart, to kill them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Because that he hath not remembered to do kindness, And pursueth the poor man and needy, And the smitten of heart -- to slay,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Because he remembered not to show kindness, But persecuted the poor and needy man, And the broken in heart, to slay `them'.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Because he remembered not to show kindness, But persecuted the poor and needy man, And the broken in heart, to slay [them] .

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Because he had no mercy, but was cruel to the low and the poor, designing the death of the broken-hearted.

• World English Bible (2000)

  because he didn't remember to show kindness, but persecuted the poor and needy man, the broken in heart, to kill them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For he never bothered to show kindness; he harassed the oppressed and needy, and killed the disheartened.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 34:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.18", "source": "צָעֲק֣וּ וַיהוָ֣ה שָׁמֵ֑עַ וּמִכָּל־צָ֝רוֹתָ֗ם הִצִּילָֽם׃", "text": "They *ṣāʿăqû* and *YHWH* *šāmēaʿ* and from all-*ṣārôtām* *hiṣṣîlām*", "grammar": { "*ṣāʿăqû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they cried out", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*šāmēaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he heard", "*ṣārôtām*": "noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their troubles", "*hiṣṣîlām*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he delivered them" }, "variants": { "*ṣāʿăqû*": "they cried out/called/screamed", "*šāmēaʿ*": "he heard/listened/heeded", "*ṣārôtām*": "their troubles/distresses/adversities", "*hiṣṣîlām*": "he delivered/rescued/saved them" } }
• Ps 37:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.14", "source": "חֶ֤רֶב ׀ פָּֽתְח֣וּ רְשָׁעִים֮ וְדָרְכ֢וּ קַ֫שְׁתָּ֥ם לְ֭הַפִּיל עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן לִ֝טְב֗וֹחַ יִשְׁרֵי־דָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥereb* *pātəḥû rəšāʿîm* and they have bent their *qaštām* to cause to fall *ʿānî wəʾebyôn*, to *liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*.", "grammar": { "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*pātəḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have drawn", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - wicked ones", "*wədārəkû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they have bent/drawn", "*qaštām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bow", "*ləhappîl*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall/to bring down", "*ʿānî*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - poor/afflicted", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective/noun - and needy", "*liṭbôaḥ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to slaughter/kill", "*yišrê*": "masculine plural construct adjective - upright ones of", "*dārek*": "masculine singular noun - way/path" }, "variants": { "*pātəḥû ḥereb*": "have drawn the sword/have unsheathed the sword", "*dārəkû qaštām*": "have bent their bow/have strung their bow", "*ʿānî wəʾebyôn*": "poor and needy/afflicted and destitute", "*liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*": "to slaughter the upright of way/to kill those who are upright in conduct" } }
• Ps 37:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.32", "source": "צוֹפֶ֣ה רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּ֝מְבַקֵּ֗שׁ לַהֲמִיתוֹ׃", "text": "*Ṣôpeh rāšāʿ* for *ṣaddîq*, and *məbaqqēš* to *lăhămîtô*.", "grammar": { "*ṣôpeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - watches/spies on", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person", "*laṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - for the righteous person", "*məbaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*lăhămîtô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to kill him" }, "variants": { "*ṣôpeh*": "watches/spies on/lies in wait for", "*məbaqqēš lăhămîtô*": "seeks to kill him/seeks to put him to death" } }
• Ps 69:20-29 : 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.20", "source": "אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ חֶרְפָּתִ֣י וּ֭בָשְׁתִּי וּכְלִמָּתִ֑י נֶ֝גְדְּךָ֗ כָּל־צוֹרְרָֽי׃", "text": "*'attâ* *yāda'tā* *ḥerpātî* and-*bāštî* and-*kĕlimmātî* before-you all-*ṣôrĕrāy*", "grammar": { "*'attâ*": "2nd person masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*yāda'tā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you know", "*ḥerpātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my reproach", "*bāštî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - and my shame", "*kĕlimmātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - and my dishonor", "*ṣôrĕrāy*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries" }, "variants": { "*yāda'tā*": "you know/you knew", "*ḥerpātî*": "my reproach/my disgrace/my scorn", "*bāštî*": "my shame/my disgrace", "*kĕlimmātî*": "my dishonor/my humiliation/my disgrace", "*ṣôrĕrāy*": "my adversaries/my enemies/those who harass me" } } 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.21", "source": "חֶרְפָּ֤ה ׀ שָֽׁבְרָ֥ה לִבִּ֗י וָֽאָ֫נ֥וּשָׁה וָאֲקַוֶּ֣ה לָנ֣וּד וָאַ֑יִן וְ֝לַמְנַחֲמִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א מָצָֽאתִי׃", "text": "*ḥerpâ* *šāḇĕrâ* *libbî* and-*'ānûšâ* and-*'ăqawweh* to-*nûd* and-there-was-none and-to-*mĕnaḥămîm* and-not *māṣā'tî*", "grammar": { "*ḥerpâ*": "feminine singular noun - reproach", "*šāḇĕrâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it has broken", "*libbî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*'ānûšâ*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I am sick", "*'ăqawweh*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I waited", "*nûd*": "Qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition lĕ - to sympathize", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with prefixed preposition lĕ - for comforters", "*māṣā'tî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I found" }, "variants": { "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn/insult", "*šāḇĕrâ*": "it has broken/it has shattered", "*libbî*": "my heart", "*'ānûšâ*": "I am sick/I am desperate/I am incurable", "*'ăqawweh*": "I looked/I waited/I hoped", "*nûd*": "to sympathize/to console/to show pity", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "comforters/consolers", "*māṣā'tî*": "I found/I discovered" } } 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.22", "source": "וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ בְּבָרוּתִ֣י רֹ֑אשׁ וְ֝לִצְמָאִ֗י יַשְׁק֥וּנִי חֹֽמֶץ׃", "text": "And-*yittĕnû* in-*bārûtî* *rō'š* and-for-*ṣĕmā'î* *yašqûnî* *ḥōmeṣ*", "grammar": { "*yittĕnû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*bārûtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition bĕ - in my food", "*rō'š*": "masculine singular noun - poison/gall", "*ṣĕmā'î*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition lĕ - for my thirst", "*yašqûnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they make me drink", "*ḥōmeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - vinegar" }, "variants": { "*yittĕnû*": "they gave/they put", "*bārûtî*": "my food/my meal", "*rō'š*": "poison/gall/bitter herb", "*ṣĕmā'î*": "my thirst", "*yašqûnî*": "they make me drink/they give me to drink", "*ḥōmeṣ*": "vinegar/sour wine" } } 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.23", "source": "יְהִֽי־שֻׁלְחָנָ֣ם לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם לְפָ֑ח וְלִשְׁלוֹמִ֥ים לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*yĕhî*-*šulḥānām* before-them to-*pāḥ* and-to-*šĕlômîm* to-*môqēš*", "grammar": { "*yĕhî*": "Qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let it be", "*šulḥānām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their table", "*pāḥ*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition lĕ - for a trap/snare", "*šĕlômîm*": "masculine plural noun with prefixed preposition lĕ - for peace-offerings/security", "*môqēš*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition lĕ - for a snare" }, "variants": { "*yĕhî*": "let it be/may it become", "*šulḥānām*": "their table/their meal", "*pāḥ*": "trap/snare/net", "*šĕlômîm*": "peace-offerings/state of security/welfare", "*môqēš*": "snare/trap" } } 24 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.24", "source": "תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה עֵ֭ינֵיהֶם מֵרְא֑וֹת וּ֝מָתְנֵ֗יהֶם תָּמִ֥יד הַמְעַֽד׃", "text": "*teḥšaḵnâ* *'ênêhem* from-*rĕ'ôt* and-*mātnêhem* *tāmîd* *ham'ad*", "grammar": { "*teḥšaḵnâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - may they be darkened", "*'ênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*rĕ'ôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition min - from seeing", "*mātnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - and their loins", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually", "*ham'ad*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make totter/shake" }, "variants": { "*teḥšaḵnâ*": "may they be darkened/let them grow dim", "*'ênêhem*": "their eyes", "*rĕ'ôt*": "seeing/sight", "*mātnêhem*": "their loins/their hips/their waist", "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/perpetually", "*ham'ad*": "make totter/make shake/cause to tremble" } } 25 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.25", "source": "שְׁפָךְ־עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם זַעְמֶ֑ךָ וַחֲר֥וֹן אַ֝פְּךָ֗ יַשִּׂיגֵֽם׃", "text": "*šĕpāḵ*-upon-them *za'meḵā* and-*ḥărôn* *'appĕḵā* *yaśśîgēm*", "grammar": { "*šĕpāḵ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - pour out", "*za'meḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your indignation", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular construct noun - burning of", "*'appĕḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your anger", "*yaśśîgēm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - may it overtake them" }, "variants": { "*šĕpāḵ*": "pour out/pour forth", "*za'meḵā*": "your indignation/your fury/your rage", "*ḥărôn*": "burning/fierceness/heat", "*'appĕḵā*": "your anger/your nose", "*yaśśîgēm*": "may it overtake them/let it reach them" } } 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.26", "source": "תְּהִי־טִֽירָתָ֥ם נְשַׁמָּ֑ה בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם אַל־יְהִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*tĕhî*-*ṭîrātām* *nĕšammâ* in-*'oholêhem* not-*yĕhî* *yōšēḇ*", "grammar": { "*tĕhî*": "Qal jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let it be", "*ṭîrātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their encampment", "*nĕšammâ*": "Niphal participle, feminine singular - desolate", "*'oholêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed preposition bĕ - in their tents", "*yĕhî*": "Qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle 'al - let there not be", "*yōšēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one dwelling" }, "variants": { "*tĕhî*": "let it be/may it become", "*ṭîrātām*": "their encampment/their camp/their settlement", "*nĕšammâ*": "desolate/deserted", "*'oholêhem*": "their tents/their dwellings", "*yĕhî*": "let there be/may there be", "*yōšēḇ*": "dweller/inhabitant/resident" } } 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.27", "source": "כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־הִכִּ֣יתָ רָדָ֑פוּ וְאֶל־מַכְא֖וֹב חֲלָלֶ֣יךָ יְסַפֵּֽרוּ׃", "text": "Because-you whom-*hikkîtā* *rādāpû* and-to-*maḵ'ôḇ* *ḥălāleḵā* *yĕsappērû*", "grammar": { "*hikkîtā*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have struck", "*rādāpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have pursued", "*maḵ'ôḇ*": "masculine singular construct noun with prefixed preposition 'el - to pain of", "*ḥălāleḵā*": "masculine plural adjective with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wounded", "*yĕsappērû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they recount/tell" }, "variants": { "*hikkîtā*": "you have struck/you have smitten", "*rādāpû*": "they have pursued/they persecute", "*maḵ'ôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/grief", "*ḥălāleḵā*": "your wounded/your slain/those you have pierced", "*yĕsappērû*": "they recount/they tell/they talk about" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.28", "source": "תְּֽנָה־עָ֭וֺן עַל־עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְאַל־יָ֝בֹ֗אוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*tĕnâ*-*'āwōn* upon-*'ăwōnām* and-not-*yāḇō'û* in-*ṣidqāteḵā*", "grammar": { "*tĕnâ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - give/place", "*'āwōn*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity", "*'ăwōnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*yāḇō'û*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle 'al - let them not come", "*ṣidqāteḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition bĕ - in your righteousness" }, "variants": { "*tĕnâ*": "give/place/add", "*'āwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*'ăwōnām*": "their iniquity/their guilt/their punishment", "*yāḇō'û*": "let them come/enter", "*ṣidqāteḵā*": "your righteousness/your vindication/your justice" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.29", "source": "יִ֭מָּחֽוּ מִסֵּ֣פֶר חַיִּ֑ים וְעִ֥ם צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים אַל־יִכָּתֵֽבוּ׃", "text": "*yimmāḥû* from-*sēper* *ḥayyîm* and-with *ṣaddîqîm* not-*yikkātēḇû*", "grammar": { "*yimmāḥû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - let them be blotted out", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct noun with prefixed preposition min - from book of", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun - life/living", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective with prefixed conjunction waw and preposition 'im - and with righteous ones", "*yikkātēḇû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle 'al - let them not be written" }, "variants": { "*yimmāḥû*": "let them be blotted out/may they be erased", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living ones", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones", "*yikkātēḇû*": "let them be written/may they be recorded" } }
• Matt 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.7", "source": "Μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες: ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται.", "text": "*Makarioi* the *eleēmones*: *hoti* they *eleēthēsontai*.", "grammar": { "*Makarioi*": "nominative masculine plural adjective - blessed/happy", "*eleēmones*": "nominative masculine plural - merciful", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*eleēthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person plural - will be shown mercy" }, "variants": { "*Makarioi*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*eleēmones*": "merciful/compassionate", "*eleēthēsontai*": "will be shown mercy/compassion/will receive mercy" } }
• Matt 18:33-35 : 33 { "verseID": "Matthew.18.33", "source": "Οὐκ ἔδει καὶ σὲ ἐλεῆσαι τὸν σύνδουλόν σου, ὡς καὶ ἐγώ σε ἠλέησα;", "text": "Not *edei* also you *eleēsai* the *syndoulon* of you, as also I you *ēleēsa*?", "grammar": { "*edei*": "verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - it was necessary", "*eleēsai*": "verb, aorist, active, infinitive - to have mercy on", "*syndoulon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - fellow servant/slave", "*ēleēsa*": "verb, aorist, active, indicative, 1st person, singular - I had mercy on" }, "variants": { "*edei*": "it was necessary/ought/should have", "*eleēsai*": "to have mercy on/have compassion on/pity", "*syndoulon*": "fellow servant/fellow slave", "*ēleēsa*": "I had mercy on/had compassion on/pitied" } } 34 { "verseID": "Matthew.18.34", "source": "Καὶ ὀργισθεὶς ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ, παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν τοῖς βασανισταῖς, ἕως οὗ ἀποδῷ πᾶν τὸ ὀφειλόμενον αὐτῷ.", "text": "And *orgistheis* the *kyrios* of him, *paredōken* him to the *basanistais*, until which *apodō* all the *opheilomenon* to him.", "grammar": { "*orgistheis*": "participle, aorist, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - having become angry", "*kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - lord/master", "*paredōken*": "verb, aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - delivered over", "*basanistais*": "noun, dative, masculine, plural - torturers/tormentors", "*apodō*": "verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, 3rd person, singular - he might pay back", "*opheilomenon*": "participle, present, passive, accusative, neuter, singular - being owed" }, "variants": { "*orgistheis*": "having become angry/enraged/furious", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*paredōken*": "delivered over/handed over/turned over", "*basanistais*": "torturers/tormentors/jailers", "*apodō*": "he might pay back/repay/return", "*opheilomenon*": "being owed/debt" } } 35 { "verseID": "Matthew.18.35", "source": "Οὕτως καὶ ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ ἐπουράνιος ποιήσει ὑμῖν, ἐὰν μὴ ἀφῆτε ἕκαστος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν.", "text": "Thus also the *Patēr* of me the *epouranios* *poiēsei* to you, if not *aphēte* each to the *adelphō* of him from the *kardiōn* of you the *paraptōmata* of them.", "grammar": { "*Patēr*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Father", "*epouranios*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - heavenly", "*poiēsei*": "verb, future, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - will do", "*aphēte*": "verb, aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person, plural - you might forgive", "*adelphō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - brother", "*kardiōn*": "noun, genitive, feminine, plural - hearts", "*paraptōmata*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - trespasses/sins" }, "variants": { "*Patēr*": "Father/patriarch", "*epouranios*": "heavenly/celestial", "*poiēsei*": "will do/will act/will make", "*aphēte*": "you might forgive/release/let go", "*adelphō*": "brother/fellow believer", "*kardiōn*": "hearts/inner beings/minds", "*paraptōmata*": "trespasses/sins/offenses" } }
• Matt 27:35-46 : 35 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.35", "source": "Σταυρώσαντες δὲ αὐτὸν, διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντες κλῆρον: ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ προφήτου, Διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά μου ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον.", "text": "Having *staurōsantes* but him, they *diemerisanto* the *himatia* of him, *ballontes* *klēron*: that might be *plērōthē* the thing *rhēthen* by the *prophētou*, They *diemerisanto* the *himatia* of me among themselves, and upon the *himatismon* of me they *ebalon* *klēron*.", "grammar": { "*staurōsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having crucified", "*diemerisanto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - divided among themselves", "*himatia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - garments/clothes", "*ballontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - casting/throwing", "*klēron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - lot/die", "*plērōthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be fulfilled", "*rhēthen*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - spoken/said", "*prophētou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - prophet", "*diemerisanto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - divided among themselves", "*himatia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - garments/clothes", "*himatismon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - clothing/vesture", "*ebalon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - cast/threw", "*klēron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - lot/die" }, "variants": { "*staurōsantes*": "having crucified/executed on stake", "*diemerisanto*": "divided among themselves/distributed/apportioned", "*himatia*": "garments/clothes/attire", "*ballontes*": "casting/throwing/placing", "*klēron*": "lot/die/chance determiner [gambling device]", "*plērōthē*": "might be fulfilled/completed/realized", "*rhēthen*": "spoken/said/uttered", "*prophētou*": "prophet/foreteller", "*himatismon*": "clothing/vesture/garment [single piece]", "*ebalon*": "cast/threw/placed" } } 36 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.36", "source": "Καὶ καθήμενοι ἐτήρουν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ·", "text": "And *kathēmenoi* they *etēroun* him there;", "grammar": { "*kathēmenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - sitting", "*etēroun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were watching/guarding" }, "variants": { "*kathēmenoi*": "sitting/being seated", "*etēroun*": "were watching/guarding/keeping [continuous action]" } } 37 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.37", "source": "Καὶ ἐπέθηκαν ἐπάνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένην, Οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.", "text": "And they *epethēkan* above the *kephalēs* of him the *aitian* of him having been *gegrammenēn*, This is *Iēsous* the *Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*.", "grammar": { "*epethēkan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - placed/put upon", "*kephalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - head", "*aitian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - charge/accusation", "*gegrammenēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, feminine, singular - having been written", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - proper name Jesus", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans" }, "variants": { "*epethēkan*": "placed/put upon/set", "*kephalēs*": "head [referring to position above where he was crucified]", "*aitian*": "charge/accusation/legal cause [for execution]", "*gegrammenēn*": "having been written/inscribed/recorded", "*Basileus*": "king/monarch/ruler", "*Ioudaiōn*": "Jews/Judeans/people of Judea" } } 38 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.38", "source": "Τότε σταυροῦνται σὺν αὐτῷ δύο λῃσταί, εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων.", "text": "Then are *staurountai* with him two *lēstai*, one from *dexiōn*, and one from *euōnymōn*.", "grammar": { "*staurountai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd plural - are being crucified", "*lēstai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - robbers/bandits", "*dexiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - right [hand/side]", "*euōnymōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - left [hand/side]" }, "variants": { "*staurountai*": "are being crucified/executed on stakes", "*lēstai*": "robbers/bandits/insurrectionists/rebels", "*dexiōn*": "right [hand/side]", "*euōnymōn*": "left [hand/side] [literally 'well-named', euphemism for 'left']" } } 39 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.39", "source": "¶Οἱ δὲ παραπορευόμενοι ἐβλασφήμουν αὐτὸν, κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν,", "text": "But those *paraporeuomenoi* *eblasphēmoun* him, *kinountes* the *kephalas* of them,", "grammar": { "*paraporeuomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - passing by", "*eblasphēmoun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were blaspheming/reviling", "*kinountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - shaking/moving", "*kephalas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - heads" }, "variants": { "*paraporeuomenoi*": "passing by/going past", "*eblasphēmoun*": "were blaspheming/reviling/insulting [continuous action]", "*kinountes*": "shaking/moving/wagging [gesture of derision]" } } 40 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.40", "source": "Καὶ λέγοντες, Ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις οἰκοδομῶν, σῶσον σεαυτόν. Εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.", "text": "And *legontes*, The one *katalyōn* the *naon*, and in three *hēmerais* *oikodomōn*, *sōson* yourself. If *Huios* you are of *Theou*, *katabēthi* from the *staurou*.", "grammar": { "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*katalyōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - destroying", "*naon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*hēmerais*": "dative, feminine, plural - days", "*oikodomōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - building", "*sōson*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - save", "*Huios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Son", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*katabēthi*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - come down", "*staurou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - cross/stake" }, "variants": { "*legontes*": "saying/stating/speaking", "*katalyōn*": "destroying/demolishing/taking down", "*naon*": "temple/sanctuary [inner structure, not whole complex]", "*oikodomōn*": "building/constructing/rebuilding", "*sōson*": "save/rescue/deliver [command]", "*Huios*": "Son [title of special relationship]", "*Theou*": "of God/deity/divine being", "*katabēthi*": "come down/descend [command]", "*staurou*": "cross/execution stake" } } 41 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.41", "source": "Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ἐμπαίζοντες, μετὰ τῶν γραμματέων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων, ἔλεγον,", "text": "Likewise but also the *archiereis* *empaizontes*, with the *grammateōn* and *presbyterōn*, *elegon*,", "grammar": { "*archiereis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - chief priests", "*empaizontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - mocking", "*grammateōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - scribes", "*presbyterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - elders", "*elegon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were saying" }, "variants": { "*archiereis*": "chief priests/high priests/leading priests", "*empaizontes*": "mocking/ridiculing/making fun of", "*grammateōn*": "scribes/writers/experts in law", "*presbyterōn*": "elders/older men/senior leaders", "*elegon*": "were saying/speaking [continuous action]" } } 42 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.42", "source": "Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν· ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι. Εἰ Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, καὶ πιστεύσομεν αὐτῷ.", "text": "Others he *esōsen*; himself not he *dynatai* *sōsai*. If *Basileus* *Israēl* he is, let him *katabatō* now from the *staurou*, and we will *pisteusomen* him.", "grammar": { "*esōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - saved/rescued", "*dynatai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - is able", "*sōsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to save", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine - proper name Israel", "*katabatō*": "aorist active imperative, 3rd singular - let him come down", "*staurou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - cross/stake", "*pisteusomen*": "future active indicative, 1st plural - we will believe" }, "variants": { "*esōsen*": "saved/rescued/delivered", "*dynatai*": "is able/can/has power", "*sōsai*": "to save/rescue/deliver", "*Basileus*": "king/ruler/monarch", "*katabatō*": "let him come down/descend [command]", "*pisteusomen*": "we will believe/trust/have faith in" } } 43 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.43", "source": "Πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν· ῥυσάσθω νῦν αὐτόν, εἰ θέλει αὐτόν: εἶπεν γὰρ, ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός.", "text": "He has *pepoithen* upon the *Theon*; let him *rhysasthō* now him, if he *thelei* him: for he *eipen*, that of *Theou* I am *Huios*.", "grammar": { "*pepoithen*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has trusted", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*rhysasthō*": "aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular - let him rescue", "*thelei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - wants/desires", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*Huios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Son" }, "variants": { "*pepoithen*": "has trusted/relied on/put confidence in [with lasting effect]", "*Theon*": "God/deity", "*rhysasthō*": "let him rescue/deliver/save [command]", "*thelei*": "wants/desires/wishes", "*eipen*": "said/spoke/declared", "*Huios*": "Son [title of special relationship]" } } 44 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.44", "source": "Τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ καὶ οἱ λῃσταὶ, οἱ συσταυρωθέντες, αὐτῷ ὠνείδιζον αὐτῷ.", "text": "The same but also the *lēstai*, the ones having been *systaurōthentes*, him *oneidizon* him.", "grammar": { "*lēstai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - robbers/bandits", "*systaurōthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been crucified with", "*oneidizon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were reproaching/reviling" }, "variants": { "*lēstai*": "robbers/bandits/insurrectionists", "*systaurōthentes*": "having been crucified with/executed alongside", "*oneidizon*": "were reproaching/reviling/insulting [continuous action]" } } 45 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.45", "source": "Ἀπὸ δὲ ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης.", "text": "From but sixth *hōras* *skotos* *egeneto* upon all the *gēn* until *hōras* ninth.", "grammar": { "*hōras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hour", "*skotos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - became/happened", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*hōras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hour" }, "variants": { "*hōras*": "hour [sixth hour = noon in Jewish reckoning]", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom/obscurity", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/came to be", "*gēn*": "land/earth/region [could refer to all earth or just the local area]", "*hōras*": "hour [ninth hour = 3pm in Jewish reckoning]" } } 46 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.46", "source": "Περὶ δὲ τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν ἀνεβόησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγων, Ἠλί, Ἠλί, λαμὰ σαβαχθανί; τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, Θεέ μου, Θεέ μου, ἱνα τί με ἐγκατέλιπες;", "text": "About but the ninth *hōran* *aneboēsen* the *Iēsous* *phōnē megalē*, *legōn*, *Ēli*, *Ēli*, *lama sabachthani*? this is, *Thee* of me, *Thee* of me, why me have you *egkatelipes*?", "grammar": { "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*aneboēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - cried out", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - proper name Jesus", "*phōnē*": "dative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "dative, feminine, singular - loud/great", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*Ēli*": "vocative - transliteration of Aramaic/Hebrew 'my God'", "*lama sabachthani*": "transliteration of Aramaic 'why have you forsaken me'", "*Thee*": "vocative, masculine, singular - God [direct address]", "*egkatelipes*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - forsook/abandoned" }, "variants": { "*hōran*": "hour [ninth hour = 3pm in Jewish reckoning]", "*aneboēsen*": "cried out/shouted/exclaimed", "*phōnē megalē*": "loud voice/great cry", "*Ēli*": "My God [Aramaic/Hebrew transliteration]", "*lama sabachthani*": "why have you forsaken me [Aramaic transliteration]", "*Thee*": "God/deity [direct address form]", "*egkatelipes*": "forsook/abandoned/left behind" } }
• Mark 14:34-36 : 34 { "verseID": "Mark.14.34", "source": "Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου: μείνατε ὧδε, καὶ γρηγορεῖτε.", "text": "And *legei* to them, *Perilypos* *estin* the *psychē* of me *heōs* *thanatou*: *meinate* *hōde*, and *grēgoreite*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - he says", "*Perilypos*": "nominative singular feminine - deeply grieved", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*psychē*": "nominative singular feminine - soul", "*heōs*": "preposition - to the point of", "*thanatou*": "genitive singular masculine - death", "*meinate*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person plural - remain", "*hōde*": "adverb - here", "*grēgoreite*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - stay awake" }, "variants": { "*Perilypos*": "deeply grieved/very sorrowful/overwhelmed with sorrow", "*psychē*": "soul/life/inner self", "*meinate*": "remain/stay", "*grēgoreite*": "stay awake/keep watch/be alert" } } 35 { "verseID": "Mark.14.35", "source": "Καὶ προελθὼν μικρόν, ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ προσηύχετο ἵνα, εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν, παρέλθῃ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα.", "text": "And *proelthōn* *mikron*, *epesen* upon the *gēs*, and *prosēucheto* that, if *dynaton* *estin*, might *parelthē* from him the *hōra*.", "grammar": { "*proelthōn*": "aorist participle, nominative singular masculine - having gone forward", "*mikron*": "accusative singular neuter (as adverb) - a little", "*epesen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - he fell", "*gēs*": "genitive singular feminine - ground/earth", "*prosēucheto*": "imperfect indicative, 3rd person singular - he was praying", "*dynaton*": "nominative singular neuter - possible", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - it is", "*parelthē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd person singular - it might pass by", "*hōra*": "nominative singular feminine - hour" }, "variants": { "*proelthōn*": "having gone forward/advanced", "*mikron*": "a little/short distance", "*gēs*": "ground/earth/soil", "*prosēucheto*": "he was praying/was offering prayer", "*dynaton*": "possible/capable", "*parelthē*": "it might pass by/pass away from", "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment" } } 36 { "verseID": "Mark.14.36", "source": "Καὶ ἔλεγεν, Ἀββᾶ, ὁ Πατήρ, πάντα δυνατά σοι· παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ τοῦτο: ἀλλʼ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ.", "text": "And *elegen*, *Abba*, the *Patēr*, *panta* *dynata* to you; *parenegke* the *potērion* from me this: but not what I *thelō*, but what you.", "grammar": { "*elegen*": "imperfect indicative, 3rd person singular - he was saying", "*Abba*": "Aramaic word - Father", "*Patēr*": "vocative singular masculine - Father", "*panta*": "nominative plural neuter - all things", "*dynata*": "nominative plural neuter - possible", "*parenegke*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person singular - take away", "*potērion*": "accusative singular neuter - cup", "*thelō*": "present indicative, 1st person singular - I will/desire" }, "variants": { "*Abba*": "Aramaic for 'father'", "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*dynata*": "possible/capable", "*parenegke*": "take away/remove", "*potērion*": "cup/fate/destiny", "*thelō*": "I will/desire/wish" } }
• Jas 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "James.2.13", "source": "Ἡ γὰρ κρίσις ἀνίλεως, τῷ μὴ ποιήσαντι ἔλεος· καὶ κατακαυχᾶται ἔλεος κρίσεως.", "text": "The *gar krisis anileōs*, to the one not *poiēsanti eleos*; and *katakaychatai eleos kriseōs*.", "grammar": { "Ἡ *krisis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the judgment", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*anileōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - without mercy", "τῷ μὴ *poiēsanti*": "dative, masculine, singular, aorist active participle - to the one not having shown", "*eleos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mercy", "*katakaychatai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - triumphs over/boasts against", "*eleos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - mercy", "*kriseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of judgment" }, "variants": { "*krisis*": "judgment/verdict/decision", "*anileōs*": "without mercy/merciless", "*poiēsanti eleos*": "having shown mercy/having acted mercifully", "*katakaychatai*": "triumphs over/boasts against/rejoices against", "*eleos*": "mercy/compassion", "*kriseōs*": "judgment/verdict/decision" } }
• Gen 42:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Genesis.42.21", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֗יו אֲבָל֮ אֲשֵׁמִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַחְנוּ֮ עַל־אָחִינוּ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָאִ֜ינוּ צָרַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֛וֹ בְּהִתְחַֽנְנ֥וֹ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ וְלֹ֣א שָׁמָ֑עְנוּ עַל־כֵּן֙ בָּ֣אָה אֵלֵ֔ינוּ הַצָּרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "And *yōʾmrû* *ʾîš* to-*ʾāḥîw*, *ʾăḇāl* *ʾăšēmîm* *ʾănaḥnû* concerning-*ʾāḥînû*, *ʾăšer* *rāʾînû* *ṣārat* *nap̄šô* in-*hiṯḥannô* to-us and not *šāmāʿnû*; upon-*kēn* *bāʾāh* to-us the-*ṣārāh* the-*zōʾṯ*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmrû*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - they said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*ʾăḇāl*": "adverb - truly/indeed/however", "*ʾăšēmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - guilty", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "pronoun, 1st person common plural - we", "*ʾāḥînû*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person common plural suffix - our brother", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*rāʾînû*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person common plural - we saw", "*ṣārat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - distress of", "*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*hiṯḥannô*": "verb, hithpael infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pleading", "*šāmāʿnû*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person common plural - we heard/listened", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so/therefore", "*bāʾāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she came/has come", "*ṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - distress/trouble", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmrû*": "said/spoke/thought/commanded", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/each to", "*ʾāḥîw*": "his brother/kinsman", "*ʾăḇāl*": "truly/indeed/but/however", "*ʾăšēmîm*": "guilty/liable/responsible", "*ʾāḥînû*": "our brother/kinsman", "*rāʾînû*": "we saw/perceived/experienced", "*ṣārat*": "distress/trouble/anguish of", "*nap̄šô*": "his soul/self/life/person/desire", "*hiṯḥannô*": "his pleading/begging/imploring", "*šāmāʿnû*": "we heard/listened/obeyed", "*bāʾāh*": "came/has come/arrived", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/anguish", "*zōʾṯ*": "this/this one" } }
• 2 Sam 16:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *ʾĂbîšay* and to all his *ʿăbādāw*, \"*Hinnēh* *bənî* who *yāṣāʾ* from *mimmēʿay* *məbaqqēš* *ʾeṯ-napšî*, and how much more now this *ben-hayəmînî*. *Hannîḥû* to him *wîqallēl*, because *ʾāmar-lô* *Yəhwāh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîšay*": "proper noun - Abishai", "*ʿăbādāw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*mimmēʿay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - from my bowels", "*məbaqqēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*ʾeṯ-napšî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my life", "*ben-hayəmînî*": "noun construct + definite article + adjective - son of the Benjamite", "*Hannîḥû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - leave", "*wîqallēl*": "waw conjunctive + piel imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and let him curse", "*ʾāmar-lô*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has said to him", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādāw*": "his servants/his officials/his attendants", "*mimmēʿay*": "from my bowels/from my own body/from my loins", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/trying to take/looking for", "*ʾeṯ-napšî*": "my life/my soul/myself", "*ben-hayəmînî*": "Benjamite/from the tribe of Benjamin", "*Hannîḥû*": "leave/let alone/leave undisturbed" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.12", "source": "אוּלַ֛י יִרְאֶ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה *בעוני **בְּעֵינִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֨יב יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ טוֹבָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת קִלְלָת֖וֹ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʾÛlay* *yirʾeh* *Yəhwāh* *bəʿênî* and *wəhēšîb* *Yəhwāh* to me *ṭôbāh* *taḥaṯ* *qilləlāṯô* *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾÛlay*": "adverb - perhaps/maybe", "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will see/look", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəʿênî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - on my affliction", "*wəhēšîb*": "waw conjunctive + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will return", "*ṭôbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - good", "*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - instead of", "*qilləlāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his curse", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾÛlay*": "perhaps/maybe/perchance", "*yirʾeh*": "will see/will look/will regard", "*bעוני/בְּעֵינִ֑י*": "textual variant - either 'on my affliction/iniquity' or 'on my eye/tears'", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/goodness/blessing", "*taḥaṯ*": "instead of/in place of/in return for", "*qilləlāṯô*": "his curse/his reviling/his insult" } }
• 2 Sam 17:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם אֶבְחֲרָ֣ה נָּ֗א שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֙לֶף֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְאָק֛וּמָה וְאֶרְדְּפָ֥ה אַחֲרֵי־דָוִ֖ד הַלָּֽיְלָה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĂḥîtōp̄el* unto *ʾAḇšālōm*, Let me *ʾeḇḥărāh* *nāʾ* twelve thousand *ʾîš*, and *wəʾāqûmāh* and *wəʾerdəp̄āh* after *Dāwiḏ* the *hallāylāh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĂḥîtōp̄el*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahithophel", "*ʾAḇšālōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Absalom", "*ʾeḇḥărāh*": "cohortative, 1st singular - let me choose", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/men", "*wəʾāqûmāh*": "waw conjunction + cohortative, 1st singular - and let me arise", "*wəʾerdəp̄āh*": "waw conjunction + cohortative, 1st singular - and let me pursue", "*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*hallāylāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night" }, "variants": { "*ʾĂḥîtōp̄el*": "Ahithophel (name meaning 'brother of folly')", "*nāʾ*": "please/I pray/now (particle of entreaty)", "*ʾîš*": "man/men/person/people" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.2", "source": "וְאָב֣וֹא עָלָ֗יו וְה֤וּא יָגֵ֙עַ֙ וּרְפֵ֣ה יָדַ֔יִם וְהַֽחֲרַדְתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ וְנָ֖ס כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wəʾāḇôʾ* upon him and he *yāḡēaʿ* and *ûrəp̄ēh* of *yāḏayim*, and *wəhaḥăraḏtî* him, and *wənās* all the *hāʿām* who are with him; and *wəhikkêṯî* the *hammelek̠* *ləḇaddô*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾāḇôʾ*": "waw conjunction + cohortative, 1st singular - and I will come", "*yāḡēaʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - weary/tired", "*ûrəp̄ēh*": "waw conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and weak/feeble", "*yāḏayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands", "*wəhaḥăraḏtî*": "waw conjunction + perfect, 1st singular, hiphil - and I will make tremble/terrify", "*wənās*": "waw conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will flee", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular collective - the people", "*wəhikkêṯî*": "waw conjunction + perfect, 1st singular, hiphil - and I will strike/kill", "*hammelek̠*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ləḇaddô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - by himself/alone" }, "variants": { "*yāḡēaʿ*": "weary/tired/exhausted", "*ûrəp̄ēh* *yāḏayim*": "weak of hands/feeble-handed/discouraged", "*wəhaḥăraḏtî*": "I will terrify/make tremble/frighten", "*wəhikkêṯî*": "I will strike/smite/kill" } }
• Job 19:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Job.19.2", "source": "‫עַד־אָ֭נָה תּוֹגְי֣וּן נַפְשִׁ֑י וּֽתְדַכּאוּנַ֥נִי בְמִלִּֽים׃‬", "text": "*ʿad-ʾānāh* *tōgyūn* *napšî* *ū-tədakkəʾūnanî* *bə-millîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿad-ʾānāh*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*tōgyūn*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you afflict/cause grief", "*napšî*": "noun common feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my soul/self", "*ū-tədakkəʾūnanî*": "waw conjunction + piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - and you crush me", "*bə-millîm*": "preposition + noun common feminine plural - with words" }, "variants": { "*tōgyūn*": "to afflict/grieve/cause sorrow", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/desire", "*dākāʾ*": "to crush/break/bruise", "*millîm*": "words/speech" } } 3 { "verseID": "Job.19.3", "source": "‫זֶ֤ה עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּ֭עָמִים תַּכְלִימ֑וּנִי לֹֽא־תֵ֝בֹ֗שׁוּ תַּהְכְּרוּ־לִֽי׃‬", "text": "*zeh* *ʿeśer* *pəʿāmîm* *taklîmūnî* *lō-tēbōšū* *tahkərū-lî*", "grammar": { "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʿeśer*": "numeral - ten", "*pəʿāmîm*": "noun common feminine plural - times", "*taklîmūnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - you insult/shame me", "*lō-tēbōšū*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you are not ashamed", "*tahkərū-lî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - you mistreat/wrong to me" }, "variants": { "*kālam*": "to shame/humiliate/insult", "*būš*": "to be ashamed/disappointed/confused", "*nākar*": "to treat as foreign/strange/act wrongly toward" } }
• Job 19:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Job.19.21", "source": "‫חָנֻּ֬נִי חָנֻּ֣נִי אַתֶּ֣ם רֵעָ֑י כִּ֥י יַד־אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ נָ֣גְעָה בִּֽי׃‬", "text": "*ḥonnūnî* *ḥonnūnî* *ʾattem* *rēʿāy* *kî* *yad-ʾĕlôah* *nāgəʿāh* *bî*", "grammar": { "*ḥonnūnî*": "qal imperative, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - have pity on me (repeated)", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*rēʿāy*": "noun common masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my friends", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yad-ʾĕlôah*": "noun common feminine singular construct + noun common masculine singular - hand of God", "*nāgəʿāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has touched", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - me" }, "variants": { "*ḥānan*": "to be gracious/have mercy/pity", "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/fellow", "*yād*": "hand/power/authority", "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity", "*nāgaʿ*": "to touch/strike/reach" } } 22 { "verseID": "Job.19.22", "source": "‫לָ֭מָּה תִּרְדְּפֻ֣נִי כְמוֹ־אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִבְּשָׂרִ֗י לֹ֣א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃‬", "text": "*lāmmāh* *tirdəpūnî* *kəmô-ʾēl* *ū-mibbəśārî* *lō* *tiśbāʿū*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*tirdəpūnî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - you pursue me", "*kəmô-ʾēl*": "preposition + noun common masculine singular - like God", "*ū-mibbəśārî*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - and with my flesh", "*lō*": "negative particle - not", "*tiśbāʿū*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you are satisfied" }, "variants": { "*rādap*": "to pursue/chase/persecute", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/meat", "*śābaʿ*": "to be satisfied/sated/filled" } }
• Ps 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.2", "source": "בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*bĕgaʾăwat* *rāšāʿ* *yidlaq* *ʿānî* *yittāpĕśû* *bimzimmôt* *zû* *ḥāšābû*", "grammar": { "*bĕgaʾăwat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - in pride of", "*rāšāʿ*": "noun masculine singular - wicked person", "*yidlaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he pursues/burns after", "*ʿānî*": "noun masculine singular - poor/afflicted person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they are caught/seized", "*bimzimmôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in schemes/plots of", "*zû*": "demonstrative pronoun - this/that/which", "*ḥāšābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have devised/planned" }, "variants": { "*gaʾăwat*": "pride/arrogance/exaltation", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer", "*yidlaq*": "pursue hotly/burn after/inflame", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "be caught/seized/taken", "*mĕzimmôt*": "schemes/plots/devices", "*ḥāšābû*": "devise/plan/think" } }
• Ps 10:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.14", "source": "רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה ׀ עָ֘מָ֤ל וָכַ֨עַס ׀ תַּבִּיט֮ לָתֵ֢ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה יָ֝ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה ׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃", "text": "*rāʾîtāh* *kî-ʾattāh* *ʿāmāl* *wākaʿas* *tabbîṭ* *lātēt* *bĕyādekā* *ʿāleykā* *yaʿăzōb* *ḥēlekāh* *yātôm* *ʾattāh* *hāyîtā* *ʿôzēr*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtāh*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have seen", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that/because", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun masculine singular - trouble/mischief", "*wākaʿas*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and vexation/provocation", "*tabbîṭ*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you look/observe", "*lātēt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to give/put", "*bĕyādekā*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your hand", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*yaʿăzōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he leaves/abandons/entrusts", "*ḥēlekāh*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your army/force", "*yātôm*": "noun masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*hāyîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have been", "*ʿôzēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - helper" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtāh*": "see/perceive/observe", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/mischief/labor/toil", "*kaʿas*": "vexation/grief/provocation", "*tabbîṭ*": "look/observe/regard", "*lātēt*": "to give/put/place", "*yād*": "hand/power/strength", "*yaʿăzōb*": "leave/abandon/entrust", "*ḥēlekāh*": "army/force/host/company", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless one", "*hāyîtā*": "be/become/happen", "*ʿôzēr*": "helper/one who helps" } }