Psalms 140:10

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.140.10", "source": "רֹ֥אשׁ מְסִבָּ֑י עֲמַ֖ל שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ *יכסומו **יְכַסֵּֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*rōʾš* *məsibbāy* *ʿămal* *śəpātêmô* *yəkassēmô*", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct noun - head of", "*məsibbāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - those surrounding me", "*ʿămal*": "masculine singular construct noun - trouble/mischief of", "*śəpātêmô*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix (archaic form) - their lips", "*yəkassēmô*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular verb with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - may it cover them" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "head of/chief of/leader of", "*məsibbāy*": "those surrounding me/those who encompass me/my besiegers", "*ʿămal*": "trouble of/labor of/mischief of/iniquity of", "*śəpātêmô*": "their lips/their words/their speech", "*yəkassēmô*": "may it cover them/may it overwhelm them (textual note: Ketiv *yəkasûmû* vs. Qere *yəkassēmô*)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

רֹ֥אשׁ מְסִבָּ֑י עֲמַ֖ל שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ *יכסומו **יְכַסֵּֽמוֹ׃

Transliteration

rōʾš məsibbāy ʿămal śəpātêmô yəkassēmô

Grammar Details

• *rōʾš*: masculine singular construct noun - head of
• *məsibbāy*: masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - those surrounding me
• *ʿămal*: masculine singular construct noun - trouble/mischief of
• *śəpātêmô*: feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix (archaic form) - their lips
• *yəkassēmô*: piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular verb with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - may it cover them

Word Meanings

• *rōʾš*: head of/chief of/leader of
• *məsibbāy*: those surrounding me/those who encompass me/my besiegers
• *ʿămal*: trouble of/labor of/mischief of/iniquity of
• *śəpātêmô*: their lips/their words/their speech
• *yəkassēmô*: may it cover them/may it overwhelm them (textual note: Ketiv *yəkasûmû* vs. Qere *yəkassēmô*)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  May the heads of those who surround me be covered with the trouble their lips have caused.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Let burning coals fall upon them; let them be cast into the fire, into deep pits, that they rise not up again.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Let burning coals{H1513} fall{H4131} upon them: Let them be cast{H5307} into the fire,{H784} Into deep pits,{H4113} whence they shall not rise.{H6965}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Let burning coals{H1513} fall{H4131}{(H8735)}{(H8675)}{H4131}{(H8686)} upon them: let them be cast{H5307}{(H8686)} into the fire{H784}; into deep pits{H4113}, that they rise not up again{H6965}{(H8799)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Let hote burnynge coales fall vpo the, let the be cast in to the fyre, and in to the pytt, that they neuer ryse vp agayne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Let coles fal vpon them: let him cast them into the fire, & into the deepe pits, that they rise not.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Let hotte coales be burnyng vpon them: he wyll cast them downe into the fire into deepe pittes, that they may neuer rise vp agayne.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Let burning coals fall on them. Let them be thrown into the fire, Into miry pits, from where they never rise.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  They cause to fall on themselves burning coals, Into fire He doth cast them, Into deep pits -- they arise not.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Let burning coals fall upon them: Let them be cast into the fire, Into deep pits, whence they shall not rise.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Let burning coals fall upon them: Let them be cast into the fire, Into deep pits, whence they shall not rise.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Let burning flames come down on them: let them be put into the fire, and into deep waters, so that they may not get up again.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Let burning coals fall on them. Let them be thrown into the fire, into miry pits, from where they never rise.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  May he rain down fiery coals upon them! May he throw them into the fire! From bottomless pits they will not escape.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 11:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.6", "source": "יַמְטֵ֥ר עַל־רְשָׁעִ֗ים פַּ֫חִ֥ים אֵ֣שׁ וְ֭גָפְרִית וְר֥וּחַ זִלְעָפ֗וֹת מְנָ֣ת כּוֹסָֽם׃", "text": "*yamṭēr* upon-*rəšāʿîm* *paḥîm*, *ʾēš* *wə*-*g̱opəriṯ* *wə*-*rûaḥ* *zilʿāp̱ôṯ* *mənāṯ* *kôsām*.", "grammar": { "*yamṭēr*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will cause to rain", "*rəšāʿîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - upon wicked ones", "*paḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - snares/traps", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*g̱opəriṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - sulfur/brimstone", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wind/breath of", "*zilʿāp̱ôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - scorching heat/burning wind", "*mənāṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - portion of", "*kôsām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cup" }, "variants": { "*yamṭēr*": "he will cause to rain/he will send down", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil-doers/unrighteous", "*paḥîm*": "snares/traps/coals", "*ʾēš*": "fire", "*g̱opəriṯ*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*rûaḥ zilʿāp̱ôṯ*": "scorching wind/burning blast/heat wind", "*mənāṯ kôsām*": "portion of their cup/share of their allotment" } }
• Ps 21:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.21.9", "source": "‫תִּמְצָ֣א יָ֭דְךָ לְכָל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ יְ֝מִֽינְךָ תִּמְצָ֥א שֹׂנְאֶֽיךָ׃‬", "text": "*timṣāʾ* *yādəkā* to-all-*ʾōyəbêkā* *yəmînəkā* *timṣāʾ* *śōnəʾêkā*", "grammar": { "*timṣāʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect - it will find", "*yādəkā*": "feminine singular noun 'hand' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "masculine plural participle 'enemies' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition lamed + noun kol - to all your enemies", "*yəmînəkā*": "feminine singular noun 'right hand' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right hand", "*timṣāʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect - it will find", "*śōnəʾêkā*": "masculine plural Qal participle 'haters' with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those who hate you" }, "variants": { "*timṣāʾ*": "find/discover/reach", "*yādəkā*": "your hand/power/strength", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*yəmînəkā*": "your right hand/strength/power", "*śōnəʾêkā*": "those who hate you/your haters/those hostile to you" } }
• Ps 55:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.55.23", "source": "הַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עַל־יְהוָ֨ה ׀ יְהָבְךָ֮ וְה֢וּא יְכַ֫לְכְּלֶ֥ךָ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לְעוֹלָ֥ם מ֗וֹט לַצַּדִּֽיק׃", "text": "*hašlēk* upon *YHWH yəhābəkā* and he *yəkalkelekā*; not *yittēn* forever *môṭ* for the *ṣaddîq*", "grammar": { "*hašlēk*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - cast", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name with prefixed preposition ʿal (upon) - upon Yahweh", "*yəhābəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your burden", "*wəhûʾ*": "waw conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*yəkalkelekā*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will sustain you", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will give/allow", "*ləʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition lamed (for) - forever", "*môṭ*": "masculine singular noun - tottering/falling", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective with prefixed preposition lamed (for) - for the righteous" }, "variants": { "*hašlēk*": "cast/throw/fling", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*yəhābəkā*": "your burden/what he has given you/your lot", "*yəkalkelekā*": "he will sustain you/he will provide for you/he will maintain you", "*yittēn*": "he will give/he will allow/he will permit", "*ləʿôlām*": "forever/eternally", "*môṭ*": "tottering/falling/being moved", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one" } }
• Ps 120:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.120.4", "source": "חִצֵּ֣י גִבּ֣וֹר שְׁנוּנִ֑ים עִ֝֗ם גַּחֲלֵ֥י רְתָמִֽים", "text": "*ḥiṣṣê* *gibbôr* *šənûnîm* *ʿim* *gaḥălê* *rətāmîm*", "grammar": { "*ḥiṣṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - arrows of", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior", "*šənûnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - sharp", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*gaḥălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - coals of", "*rətāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - broom trees/juniper" }, "variants": { "*ḥiṣṣê gibbôr*": "arrows of a warrior/mighty man's arrows", "*šənûnîm*": "sharp/pointed/honed", "*gaḥălê rətāmîm*": "coals of broom trees/juniper coals/burning coals of the broom plant" } }
• Prov 28:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.10", "source": "מַשְׁגֶּ֤ה יְשָׁרִ֨ים ׀ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ רָ֗ע בִּשְׁחוּת֥וֹ הֽוּא־יִפּ֑וֹל וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִנְחֲלוּ־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "*mašgeh* *yəšārîm* *bədereḵ* *rāʿ* *bišḥûṯô* *hû'*-*yippôl* *ûṯəmîmîm* *yinḥălû*-*ṭôḇ*", "grammar": { "*mašgeh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - leading astray", "*yəšārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - upright ones", "*bədereḵ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in a way/path", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*bišḥûṯô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his own pit", "*hû'*-*yippôl*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will fall", "*ûṯəmîmîm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine plural - and blameless ones", "*yinḥălû*-*ṭôḇ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - they will inherit good" }, "variants": { "*mašgeh*": "one leading astray/one causing to err", "*yəšārîm*": "upright ones/straight ones/righteous ones", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/road", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked", "*šəḥûṯô*": "his pit/his trap/his destruction", "*yippôl*": "will fall/will drop", "*təmîmîm*": "blameless ones/complete ones/perfect ones", "*yinḥălû*": "will inherit/will possess", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/goodness/prosperity" } }
• Prov 28:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.17", "source": "אָ֭דָם עָשֻׁ֣ק בְּדַם־נָפֶשׁ‪[c]‬ עַד־בּ֥וֹר יָ֝נ֗וּס אַל־יִתְמְכוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "*'āḏām* *'āšuq* *bəḏam*-*nāp̄eš* *'aḏ*-*bôr* *yānûs* *'al*-*yiṯməḵû*-*ḇô*", "grammar": { "*'āḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*'āšuq*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed/burdened", "*bəḏam*-*nāp̄eš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - by blood of a life", "*'aḏ*-*bôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the pit", "*yānûs*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will flee", "*'al*-*yiṯməḵû*-*ḇô*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - let them not support him" }, "variants": { "*'āḏām*": "man/person/human", "*'āšuq*": "oppressed/burdened/guilty", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*nāp̄eš*": "life/person/soul", "*bôr*": "pit/grave/cistern", "*yānûs*": "will flee/will run", "*yiṯməḵû*": "support/uphold/grasp" } }
• Dan 3:20-25 : 20 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.20", "source": "וּלְגֻבְרִ֤ין גִּבָּֽרֵי־חַ֙יִל֙ דִּ֣י בְחַיְלֵ֔הּ אֲמַר֙ לְכַפָּתָ֔ה לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ לְמִרְמֵ֕א לְאַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃", "text": "And to *ləguḇrîn* *gibbārê-ḥayil* who were in his *bəḥaylêh* he *ʾămar* to *ləkapāthāh* *ləshadrak* *mêshak* *waʿăbêd* *nəgô*, to *ləmirmêʾ* them into the *ləʾattûn* *nûrāʾ* *yāqîdətāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ləguḇrîn*": "preposition + noun masculine plural - to men", "*gibbārê-ḥayil*": "adjective construct + noun - mighty of strength/valor", "*bəḥaylêh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his army", "*ʾămar*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said/commanded", "*ləkapāthāh*": "preposition + infinitive - to bind", "*ləshadrak*": "preposition + proper noun - to Shadrach", "*mêshak*": "proper noun - Meshach", "*waʿăbêd*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Abed", "*nəgô*": "proper noun - Nego", "*ləmirmêʾ*": "preposition + infinitive - to cast/throw", "*ləʾattûn*": "preposition + noun - into the furnace", "*nûrāʾ*": "noun - fire", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "adjective feminine singular + definite article - burning" }, "variants": { "*ləguḇrîn*": "to men/to warriors", "*gibbārê-ḥayil*": "mighty of strength/mighty warriors/mighty men", "*bəḥaylêh*": "in his army/in his force", "*ʾămar*": "commanded/ordered/said", "*ləkapāthāh*": "to bind/to tie up", "*ləmirmêʾ*": "to throw/to cast/to hurl", "*ləʾattûn*": "into the furnace/into the oven", "*nûrāʾ*": "fire/flame", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "burning/blazing" } } 21 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.21", "source": "בֵּאדַ֜יִן גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ כְּפִ֙תוּ֙ בְּסַרְבָּלֵיהוֹן֙ פַּטְּשֵׁיה֔וֹן וְכַרְבְּלָתְה֖וֹן וּלְבֻשֵׁיה֑וֹן וּרְמִ֕יו לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃", "text": "Then *bêʾdayin* these *guḇrayāʾ* *ʾillêk* were bound *kəphitû* in their *bəsarbālêhôn*, their *paṭṭəshêhôn*, and their *ḵarbəlāthəhôn*, and their *ləḇushêhôn*, and were thrown *urəmîw* into the midst of the *ləgôʾ-ʾattûn* *nûrāʾ* *yāqîdətāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*bêʾdayin*": "temporal adverb - then/at that time", "*guḇrayāʾ*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - the men", "*ʾillêk*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*kəphitû*": "perfect 3rd plural passive - were bound", "*bəsarbālêhôn*": "preposition + noun plural + 3rd plural suffix - in their coats/mantles", "*paṭṭəshêhôn*": "noun plural + 3rd plural suffix - their tunics/trousers", "*ḵarbəlāthəhôn*": "noun plural + 3rd plural suffix - their turbans/hats", "*ləḇushêhôn*": "noun plural + 3rd plural suffix - their garments/clothes", "*urəmîw*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd plural passive - and were thrown", "*ləgôʾ-ʾattûn*": "preposition + noun construct + noun - into the midst of the furnace", "*nûrāʾ*": "noun - fire", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "adjective feminine singular + definite article - burning" }, "variants": { "*bêʾdayin*": "then/at that time", "*guḇrayāʾ*": "the men/the individuals", "*kəphitû*": "were bound/were tied", "*bəsarbālêhôn*": "in their coats/in their mantles/in their trousers", "*paṭṭəshêhôn*": "their tunics/their trousers/their leggings", "*ḵarbəlāthəhôn*": "their turbans/their hats/their headwear", "*ləḇushêhôn*": "their garments/their clothes/their attire", "*urəmîw*": "and were thrown/and were cast", "*ləgôʾ-ʾattûn*": "into the midst of the furnace", "*nûrāʾ*": "fire/flame", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "burning/blazing" } } 22 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.22", "source": "כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ קַטִּ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹן שְׁבִיבָ֖א דִּ֥י נוּרָֽא׃", "text": "Therefore *kāl-qŏḇêl* this *dənāh*, because *min-dî* the *millath* of the *malkāʾ* was *maḥṣĕphāh* and the *wəʾattûnāʾ* was heated *ʾêzêh* *yattîrāʾ*, those *guḇrayāʾ* *ʾillêk* who *dî* took up *hassiqû* *ləshadrak* *mêshak* *waʿăbêd* *nəgô*, the flame *shəḇîḇāʾ* of the *dî* *nûrāʾ* killed *qaṭṭil* them *himmôn*.", "grammar": { "*kāl-qŏḇêl*": "preposition - because of/on account of", "*dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*min-dî*": "preposition + relative particle - because", "*millath*": "noun construct - word of/command of", "*malkāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the king", "*maḥṣĕphāh*": "adjective feminine singular - urgent/harsh", "*wəʾattûnāʾ*": "conjunction + noun + definite article - and the furnace", "*ʾêzêh*": "passive participle - heated", "*yattîrāʾ*": "adverb - exceedingly", "*guḇrayāʾ*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - the men", "*ʾillêk*": "demonstrative pronoun - those", "*dî*": "relative particle - who", "*hassiqû*": "perfect 3rd plural - they took up", "*ləshadrak*": "preposition + proper noun - to Shadrach", "*mêshak*": "proper noun - Meshach", "*waʿăbêd*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Abed", "*nəgô*": "proper noun - Nego", "*shəḇîḇāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the flame", "*dî*": "relative particle - of", "*nûrāʾ*": "noun - fire", "*qaṭṭil*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - killed", "*himmôn*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - them" }, "variants": { "*kāl-qŏḇêl*": "therefore/because of/on account of", "*min-dî*": "because/since", "*millath*": "word/command/decree", "*maḥṣĕphāh*": "urgent/harsh/severe", "*ʾêzêh*": "heated/made hot", "*yattîrāʾ*": "exceedingly/extremely/very much", "*hassiqû*": "took up/lifted/carried", "*shəḇîḇāʾ*": "flame/spark", "*qaṭṭil*": "killed/slew" } } 23 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.23", "source": "וְגֻבְרַיָּ֤א אִלֵּךְ֙ תְּלָ֣תֵּה֔וֹן שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ נְפַ֛לוּ לְגֽוֹא־אַתּוּן־נוּרָ֥א יָֽקִדְתָּ֖א מְכַפְּתִֽין׃ פ", "text": "*wə-* the *gūbrāyāʾ* these, *telātêhôn*, *Šadrak* *Mêšak* *wa-ʿăbēd negô*, *nepālû* into-midst-of-furnace-of-*nûrāʾ* *yāqīdtāʾ* *mekāppetîn*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*gūbrāyāʾ*": "masculine plural determined - the men", "*telātêhôn*": "cardinal number with pronominal suffix - three of them", "*Šadrak*": "proper name", "*Mêšak*": "proper name", "*wa-ʿăbēd negô*": "conjunction + proper name - and Abed-Nego", "*nepālû*": "3rd plural peal perfect - they fell", "*nûrāʾ*": "determined noun - the fire", "*yāqīdtāʾ*": "feminine singular passive participle, determined - burning", "*mekāppetîn*": "masculine plural passive participle - bound/tied" }, "variants": { "*gūbrāyāʾ*": "men/officials/men of standing", "*nepālû*": "fell/were thrown", "*mekāppetîn*": "bound/tied/fettered" } } 24 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.24", "source": "אֱדַ֙יִן֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א תְּוַ֖הּ וְקָ֣ם בְּהִתְבְּהָלָ֑ה עָנֵ֨ה וְאָמַ֜ר לְהַדָּֽבְר֗וֹהִי הֲלָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְגוֹא־נוּרָא֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין עָנַ֤יִן וְאָמְרִין֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א יַצִּיבָ֖א מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "*ʾĕdayin* *Nebûkadneṣṣar* *malkāʾ* *tewāh* *wə-qām* *bə-hitbəhālāh* *ʿānēh* *wə-ʾāmar* to-*haddāberôhî* \"*hălāʾ* *gubrîn* *telātāʾ* *remênāʾ* into-midst-of-*nûrāʾ* *mekappetîn*?\" *ʿānayin* *wə-ʾāmrîn* to-*malkāʾ*, \"*yaṣṣîbāʾ* *malkāʾ*\".", "grammar": { "*ʾĕdayin*": "adverb - then", "*Nebûkadneṣṣar*": "proper name", "*malkāʾ*": "masculine singular determined - the king", "*tewāh*": "3rd masculine singular peal perfect - was astonished", "*wə-qām*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular peal perfect - and arose", "*bə-hitbəhālāh*": "preposition + feminine noun - in haste/alarm", "*ʿānēh*": "3rd masculine singular peal perfect - he answered", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular peal perfect - and said", "*haddāberôhî*": "masculine plural noun with pronominal suffix - his counselors", "*hălāʾ*": "interrogative particle - not?", "*gubrîn*": "masculine plural construct - men", "*telātāʾ*": "cardinal number - three", "*remênāʾ*": "1st plural peal perfect - we cast", "*mekappetîn*": "masculine plural passive participle - bound", "*ʿānayin*": "masculine plural participle - answering", "*wə-ʾāmrîn*": "conjunction + masculine plural participle - and saying", "*yaṣṣîbāʾ*": "adjective - true/certain" }, "variants": { "*tewāh*": "was astonished/amazed/surprised", "*bə-hitbəhālāh*": "in haste/with alarm/hurriedly", "*haddāberôhî*": "counselors/advisors/ministers", "*remênāʾ*": "cast/threw/hurled", "*yaṣṣîbāʾ*": "true/certain/correct" } } 25 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.25", "source": "עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר הָֽא־אֲנָ֨ה חָזֵ֜ה גֻּבְרִ֣ין אַרְבְּעָ֗ה שְׁרַ֙יִן֙ מַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּגֽוֹא־נוּרָ֔א וַחֲבָ֖ל לָא־אִיתַ֣י בְּה֑וֹן וְרֵוֵהּ֙ דִּ֣י רְֽבִיעָאָ֔ה דָּמֵ֖ה לְבַר־אֱלָהִֽין׃ ס", "text": "*ʿānēh* *wə-ʾāmar* \"*hāʾ-ʾănāh* *ḥāzēh* *gubrîn* *ʾarberʿāh* *šerayin* *mahləkîn* in-midst-of-*nûrāʾ*, *wa-ḥabāl* not-*ʾîtay* in-them, *wə-rēwēh* of the *rebîʿāʾāh* *dāmēh* to-*bar-ʾĕlāhîn*.\"", "grammar": { "*ʿānēh*": "3rd masculine singular peal perfect - he answered", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular peal perfect - and said", "*hāʾ-ʾănāh*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold I", "*ḥāzēh*": "masculine singular participle - seeing", "*gubrîn*": "masculine plural construct - men", "*ʾarberʿāh*": "cardinal number - four", "*šerayin*": "masculine plural passive participle - loosed/freed", "*mahləkîn*": "masculine plural participle - walking", "*wa-ḥabāl*": "conjunction + noun - and harm/injury", "*ʾîtay*": "existential particle - there is", "*wə-rēwēh*": "conjunction + noun with suffix - and appearance of", "*rebîʿāʾāh*": "ordinal number - fourth", "*dāmēh*": "masculine singular participle - resembling", "*bar-ʾĕlāhîn*": "construct noun + plural noun - son of gods/God" }, "variants": { "*šerayin*": "loosed/untied/freed", "*ḥabāl*": "harm/damage/injury", "*rēwēh*": "appearance/form/likeness", "*dāmēh*": "resembles/is like/similar to", "*bar-ʾĕlāhîn*": "son of gods/son of God/divine being" } }
• Matt 13:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Matthew.13.42", "source": "Καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός: ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων.", "text": "And they shall *balousin* them into the *kaminon* of the *pyros*: there shall be the *klauthmos* and the *brygmos* of the *odontos*.", "grammar": { "*balousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will cast/throw", "*kaminon*": "accusative, feminine, singular - furnace", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of fire", "*klauthmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - weeping", "*brygmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - gnashing", "*odontos*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of teeth" }, "variants": { "*balousin*": "will throw/cast/hurl", "*kaminon*": "furnace/oven", "*pyros*": "fire/flame", "*klauthmos*": "weeping/wailing/lamentation", "*brygmos*": "gnashing/grinding" } }
• Matt 13:50 : 50 { "verseID": "Matthew.13.50", "source": "Καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός: ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων.", "text": "And shall *balousin* them into the *kaminon* of the *pyros*: there shall be the *klauthmos* and the *brygmos* of the *odontōn*.", "grammar": { "*balousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will cast/throw", "*kaminon*": "accusative, feminine, singular - furnace", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of fire", "*klauthmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - weeping", "*brygmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - gnashing", "*odontōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of teeth" }, "variants": { "*balousin*": "will throw/cast/hurl", "*kaminon*": "furnace/oven", "*pyros*": "fire/flame", "*klauthmos*": "weeping/wailing/lamentation", "*brygmos*": "gnashing/grinding" } }
• Rev 16:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.8", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ καυματίσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐν πυρί.", "text": "And the *tetartos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *hēlion*; and *edothē* to-him to-*kaumatisai* the *anthrōpous* with *pyri*.", "grammar": { "*tetartos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fourth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*hēlion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - sun", "*edothē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was given", "*kaumatisai*": "aorist active infinitive - to scorch/burn", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*pyri*": "dative, neuter, singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*execheen*": "poured out/emptied", "*edothē*": "was given/granted/allowed", "*kaumatisai*": "to scorch/burn/sear", "*anthrōpous*": "men/humans/people/mankind", "*pyri*": "fire/flame/heat" } } 9 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐκαυματίσθησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καῦμα μέγα, καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰς πληγὰς ταύτας: καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν δοῦναι αὐτῷ δόξαν.", "text": "And *ekaumatisthēsan* the *anthrōpoi* *kauma* *mega*, and they *eblasphēmēsan* the *onoma* of-the *Theou*, the one *echontos* *exousian* over the *plēgas* *tautas*: and not they *metenoēsan* to-*dounai* to-him *doxan*.", "grammar": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were scorched/burned", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*kauma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - heat/burning", "*mega*": "accusative, neuter, singular - great/intense", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/slandered", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*echontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*exousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - authority/power", "*plēgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - plagues/blows", "*tautas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - these", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - repented/changed mind", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor" }, "variants": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "were scorched/burned/seared", "*kauma*": "heat/burning/fever", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*onoma*": "name/reputation/character", "*echontos*": "having/possessing/holding", "*exousian*": "authority/power/control", "*plēgas*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*metenoēsan*": "repented/changed mind/turned", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } }
• Rev 20:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.20.15", "source": "Καὶ εἴ τις οὐχ εὑρέθη ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῆς ζωῆς γεγραμμένος ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρός.", "text": "And if anyone not *heurethē* in the *biblō* of the *zōēs* *gegrammenos* *eblēthē* into the *limnēn* of the *pyros*.", "grammar": { "*heurethē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was found", "*biblō*": "dative, feminine, singular - book/scroll", "*zōēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - life", "*gegrammenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been written", "*eblēthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was thrown/cast", "*limnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - lake", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*heurethē*": "was found/discovered", "*biblō*": "book/scroll/record", "*zōēs*": "life/existence", "*gegrammenos*": "having been written/recorded/inscribed", "*eblēthē*": "was thrown/cast/hurled", "*limnēn*": "lake/pond", "*pyros*": "fire/flame" } }
• Rev 21:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.21.8", "source": "Τοῖς δὲ δειλοῖς, καὶ ἀπίστοις, καὶ ἐβδελυγμένοις, καὶ φονεῦσι, καὶ πόρνοις, καὶ φαρμάκοις, καὶ εἰδωλολάτραις, καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ψευδέσιν, τὸ μέρος αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ: ὅ ἐστιν δεύτερος θάνατος.", "text": "To-the but *deilois*, and *apistois*, and *ebdelygmenois*, and *phoneusi*, and *pornois*, and *pharmakois*, and *eidōlolatrais*, and all the *pseudesin*, the *meros* of-them in the *limnē* the one-*kaiomenē* *pyri* and *theiō*: which *estin* *deuteros* *thanatos*.", "grammar": { "*deilois*": "dative, masculine, plural - cowardly/fearful", "*apistois*": "dative, masculine, plural - unbelieving/faithless", "*ebdelygmenois*": "perfect passive participle, dative, masculine, plural - abominable/detestable", "*phoneusi*": "dative, masculine, plural - murderers", "*pornois*": "dative, masculine, plural - sexually immoral/fornicators", "*pharmakois*": "dative, masculine, plural - sorcerers/those practicing magic arts", "*eidōlolatrais*": "dative, masculine, plural - idolaters", "*pseudesin*": "dative, masculine, plural - liars/false ones", "*meros*": "nominative, neuter, singular - part/portion/share", "*limnē*": "dative, feminine, singular - lake", "*kaiomenē*": "present passive participle, dative, feminine, singular - burning", "*pyri*": "dative, neuter, singular - fire", "*theiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - sulfur/brimstone", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*deuteros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - second", "*thanatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - death" }, "variants": { "*deilois*": "cowardly/fearful/timid", "*apistois*": "unbelieving/faithless/distrustful", "*ebdelygmenois*": "abominable/detestable/polluted", "*phoneusi*": "murderers/killers", "*pornois*": "sexually immoral/fornicators/prostitutes", "*pharmakois*": "sorcerers/those practicing magic arts/drug users", "*eidōlolatrais*": "idolaters/those worshiping idols", "*pseudesin*": "liars/false ones/deceivers", "*meros*": "part/portion/share/destiny", "*limnē*": "lake/pond", "*kaiomenē*": "burning/being consumed by fire", "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*theiō*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*deuteros*": "second/secondary", "*thanatos*": "death/end of life" } }
• Ps 18:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.13", "source": "מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ עָבָ֥יו עָבְר֑וּ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "From *nogah* before him *avav* *avru* *barad* and *gachaley*-*esh*.", "grammar": { "*nogah*": "masculine singular noun - brightness", "*avav*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his clouds", "*avru*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they passed", "*barad*": "masculine singular noun - hail", "*gachaley*": "construct state, masculine plural - coals of", "*esh*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*nogah*": "brightness/radiance/shining", "*avav*": "his clouds/his thick clouds", "*avru*": "they passed/they passed through/they crossed over", "*gachaley*": "coals of/embers of/burning coals of" } } 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.14", "source": "וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *yar'em* in the *shamayim* *YHWH* and *Elyon* *yiten* *qolo* *barad* and *gachaley*-*esh*.", "grammar": { "*yar'em*": "hifil imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he thundered", "*shamayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*Elyon*": "masculine singular adjective/name - Most High", "*yiten*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*qolo*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*barad*": "masculine singular noun - hail", "*gachaley*": "construct state, masculine plural - coals of", "*esh*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*yar'em*": "he thundered/he roared", "*Elyon*": "Most High/Supreme/Highest One", "*yiten*": "he gave/he sent forth/he uttered", "*qolo*": "his voice/his sound/his thunder" } }
• Gen 19:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Genesis.19.24", "source": "וֽ͏ַיהוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גָּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "wə-*YHWH* *himṭîr* upon-*Sədōm* wə-upon-*ʿĂmōrâ* *gāprît* wə-*ʾêš* from-with *YHWH* from-the-*šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*himṭîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to rain", "*Sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʿĂmōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*gāprît*": "feminine singular noun - brimstone/sulfur", "*ʾêš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens/sky" }, "variants": { "*himṭîr*": "caused to rain/rained down/sent down", "*gāprît*": "brimstone/sulfur", "*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky" } }
• Exod 9:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.23", "source": "וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*yēṭ* *mōšeh* *'et*-staff-his over-the-heavens and-*YHWH* *nātan* thunders and-*bārāḏ* and-*tihălaḵ* *'ēš* earthward and-*yamṭēr* *YHWH* *bārāḏ* upon-land-of *miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṭ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*'et-maṭṭēhû*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*'al-haššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun - toward the heavens", "*waYHWH*": "conjunction + divine name - and Yahweh/the LORD", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/sent", "*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - sounds/voices/thunders", "*ûḇārāḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and hail", "*wattihălaḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and went/moved/ran", "*'ēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*'ārᵊṣāh*": "noun + directional suffix - to the earth/ground", "*wayyamṭēr*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to rain", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail", "*'al-'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - upon the land of Egypt" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gave/sent/delivered/produced", "*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds", "*tihălaḵ*": "went/ran/flashed/traveled", "*'ēš*": "fire/lightning", "*yamṭēr*": "caused to rain/rained down/sent down" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.24", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בָרָ֔ד וְאֵ֕שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבָּרָ֑ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָ֖ז הָיְתָ֥ה לְגֽוֹי׃", "text": "And-was *bārāḏ* and-*'ēš* *mitlaqqaḥat* within the-*bārāḏ* *kāḇēḏ* very which not-was like-it in-all-land-of *miṣrayim* from-when it-became to-nation.", "grammar": { "*wayᵊhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was", "*ḇārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail", "*wᵊ'ēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*mitlaqqaḥat*": "hitpael participle, feminine singular - taking hold of itself/flashing", "*bᵊtôḵ*": "preposition + construct noun - in the midst of", "*habbārāḏ*": "definite article + noun - the hail", "*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/severe", "*mᵊ'ōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lō'-hāyāh*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had not been", "*ḵāmōhû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like it", "*bᵊḵol-'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - in all the land of Egypt", "*mē'āz*": "preposition + adverb - from when/since", "*hāyᵊtāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it became/was", "*lᵊḡôy*": "preposition + noun - into a nation" }, "variants": { "*mitlaqqaḥat*": "flashing/taking hold of itself/mingled/intertwined", "*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/severe/intense/grievous", "*mē'āz hāyᵊtāh lᵊḡôy*": "since it became a nation/from when it was established as a country" } }