Ps 78:43-72 : 43 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.43",
"source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃",
"text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*",
"grammar": {
"*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs",
"*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents",
"*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of",
"*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan"
},
"variants": {
"*śām*": "placed/set/established",
"*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens",
"*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles",
"*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.44",
"source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃",
"text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams",
"*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams",
"*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink"
},
"variants": {
"*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals",
"*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses",
"*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.45",
"source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃",
"text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*",
"grammar": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies",
"*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them",
"*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs",
"*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them"
},
"variants": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth",
"*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects",
"*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)",
"*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.46",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave",
"*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar",
"*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce",
"*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil",
"*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer",
"*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield",
"*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor",
"*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.47",
"source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃",
"text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*",
"grammar": {
"*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed",
"*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail",
"*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine",
"*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees",
"*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet"
},
"variants": {
"*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew",
"*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard",
"*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees",
"*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail"
}
}
48 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.48",
"source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up",
"*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail",
"*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts",
"*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle",
"*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up",
"*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock",
"*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions",
"*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts"
}
}
49 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.49",
"source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃",
"text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*",
"grammar": {
"*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of",
"*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils",
"*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow",
"*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger",
"*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble",
"*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of",
"*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of",
"*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness",
"*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose",
"*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow",
"*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement",
"*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction",
"*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge",
"*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction"
}
}
50 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.50",
"source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃",
"text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*",
"grammar": {
"*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path",
"*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way",
"*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger",
"*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared",
"*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death",
"*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life",
"*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life",
"*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague",
"*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up"
},
"variants": {
"*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared",
"*nātîb*": "path/way/track",
"*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath",
"*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back",
"*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves",
"*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures",
"*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease",
"*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered"
}
}
51 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.51",
"source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck",
"*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of",
"*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor",
"*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of",
"*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit",
"*bəkōr*": "firstborn",
"*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits",
"*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power",
"*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places",
"*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)"
}
}
52 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.52",
"source": "וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yassaʿ* like-the-*ṣōʾn* *ʿammō* *wə-ynahăgēm* like-the-*ʿēder* in-the-*midbār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yassaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he set out/made to journey",
"*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular noun with article - the flock/sheep",
"*ʿammō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people",
"*wə-ynahăgēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them",
"*ʿēder*": "masculine singular noun with article - the flock/herd",
"*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yassaʿ*": "set out/made to journey/removed",
"*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle",
"*wə-ynahăgēm*": "led them/guided them/drove them",
"*ʿēder*": "flock/herd/drove"
}
}
53 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.53",
"source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yanḥēm* to-*labeṭaḥ* and-not *pāḥādû* and-*ʾet*-*ʾôyəbêhem* *kissāh* the-*yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yanḥēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them",
"*labeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - to security/safety",
"*pāḥādû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they feared/were afraid",
"*ʾôyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies",
"*kissāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he covered",
"*yām*": "masculine singular noun with article - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yanḥēm*": "led them/guided them",
"*labeṭaḥ*": "to security/safely/without fear",
"*pāḥādû*": "feared/were afraid/were in dread",
"*ʾôyəbêhem*": "their enemies/their foes"
}
}
54 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.54",
"source": "וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-yəbîʾēm* to-*gəbûl* *qodšō* *har*-this *qāntāh* *yəmînō*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he brought them",
"*gəbûl*": "masculine singular construct - border/territory of",
"*qodšō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his holiness/sanctuary",
"*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill",
"*qāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she acquired/bought",
"*yəmînō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "brought them/caused them to come",
"*gəbûl*": "border/territory/region",
"*qodšō*": "his holiness/his sanctuary/his holy place",
"*qāntāh*": "acquired/bought/purchased",
"*yəmînō*": "his right hand/his strength"
}
}
55 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.55",
"source": "וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*wə-yəgāreš* from *pənêhem* *gôyim* *wə-yapîlēm* in *ḥeḇel naḥălâ* *wə-yaškēn* in *ʾohŏlêhem* *šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəgāreš*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he drove out",
"*pənêhem*": "from before them - preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix",
"*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles - masculine plural noun",
"*wə-yapîlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he made them fall/allotted them",
"*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measuring line of inheritance/portion - construct relationship",
"*wə-yaškēn*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to dwell",
"*ʾohŏlêhem*": "in their tents - preposition with masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix",
"*šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*": "tribes of Israel - construct relationship"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/banished",
"*yapîlēm*": "caused them to fall/cast them down/allotted to them",
"*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measured inheritance/allotted portion/territory divided by measuring line",
"*wə-yaškēn*": "caused to dwell/settled/made to inhabit"
}
}
56 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.56",
"source": "וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yənassû* *wə-yamrû* *ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm ʿelyôn* *wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw* *lōʾ šāmārû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yənassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tempted",
"*wə-yamrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rebelled/provoked",
"*ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "direct object marker + God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)",
"*ʿelyôn*": "Most High - masculine singular adjective, divine epithet",
"*wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "and his testimonies - feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*lōʾ šāmārû*": "not they kept - Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with negative particle"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yənassû*": "tested/tempted/tried",
"*wə-yamrû*": "rebelled against/were contentious with/defied/provoked",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges",
"*ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "testimonies/decrees/statutes/ordinances"
}
}
57 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.57",
"source": "וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yissōḡû* *wə-yiḇgəḏû* *ka-ʾăḇôṯām* *nehpəḵû* *kə-qešeṯ rəmîyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yissōḡû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they turned back",
"*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they acted treacherously",
"*ka-ʾăḇôṯām*": "like their fathers - preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix",
"*nehpəḵû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were turned/turned themselves",
"*kə-qešeṯ*": "like a bow - preposition + feminine singular noun",
"*rəmîyâ*": "deceitful/slack/treacherous - feminine singular adjective"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yissōḡû*": "turned back/turned away/retreated",
"*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "acted treacherously/dealt faithlessly/betrayed",
"*nehpəḵû*": "were turned/turned themselves/were transformed",
"*qešeṯ rəmîyâ*": "deceitful bow/treacherous bow/unreliable bow"
}
}
58 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.58",
"source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger",
"*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix",
"*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix",
"*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant",
"*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights",
"*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images",
"*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal"
}
}
59 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.59",
"source": "שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*šāmaʿ ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiṯʿabbār* *wə-yimʾas məʾōḏ* in *yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he heard",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)",
"*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became furious",
"*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected/despised",
"*məʾōḏ*": "exceedingly/greatly - adverb of intensity",
"*b-yiśrāʾēl*": "in/against Israel - preposition + proper noun"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges",
"*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "became furious/was enraged/was deeply angry",
"*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/despised/disdained/refused"
}
}
60 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.60",
"source": "וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yiṭṭōš miškan šilô* *ʾōhel šikkēn bā-ʾāḏām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he abandoned/forsook",
"*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place of - construct form of masculine singular noun",
"*šilô*": "Shiloh - proper noun, location",
"*ʾōhel*": "tent - masculine singular noun",
"*šikkēn*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to dwell/pitched",
"*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/in mankind - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "abandoned/forsook/rejected",
"*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place/abode",
"*ʾōhel*": "tent/tabernacle/dwelling",
"*šikkēn*": "caused to dwell/pitched/established",
"*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/among mankind/among humanity"
}
}
61 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.61",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yittēn la-šəḇî ʿuzzô* *wə-ṯiḇʾartô* in *yaḏ-ṣār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave/delivered",
"*la-šəḇî*": "to captivity - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun",
"*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/might - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*wə-ṯiḇʾartô*": "and his glory/beauty - conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*yaḏ-ṣār*": "hand of adversary - construct relationship"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over",
"*šəḇî*": "captivity/imprisonment",
"*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/his might/his power/his ark (metonymy)",
"*ṯiḇʾartô*": "his glory/his beauty/his splendor",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor"
}
}
62 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.62",
"source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yasgēr la-ḥereḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇənaḥălāṯô hiṯʿabbār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over",
"*la-ḥereḇ*": "to the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun",
"*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*û-ḇənaḥălāṯô*": "and against his inheritance - conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*hiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was furious"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/handed over/surrendered",
"*ḥereḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction",
"*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation/his folk",
"*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/his possession/his people",
"*hiṯʿabbār*": "was furious/was enraged/was angry"
}
}
63 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.63",
"source": "בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ׃",
"text": "*baḥûrāyw ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš* *û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw lōʾ hûllālû*",
"grammar": {
"*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*ʾāḵəlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - consumed/devoured",
"*ʾēš*": "fire - feminine singular noun",
"*û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "and his virgins - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle",
"*hûllālû*": "Pual perfect 3rd common plural - were praised/were given in marriage"
},
"variants": {
"*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones/his youth",
"*ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš*": "fire consumed/fire devoured",
"*ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "his virgins/his maidens/his young women",
"*hûllālû*": "were praised/were given in marriage/were celebrated with wedding songs"
}
}
64 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.64",
"source": "כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃",
"text": "*kōhănāyw ba-ḥereḇ nāp̄ālû* *wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*",
"grammar": {
"*kōhănāyw*": "his priests - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun",
"*nāp̄ālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell",
"*wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "and his widows - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle",
"*ṯiḇkênâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they would weep"
},
"variants": {
"*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his ministers",
"*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword/in battle",
"*nāp̄ālû*": "fell/died/were slain",
"*ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "his widows/widows of his people",
"*lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*": "did not weep/could not weep/were not lamented for"
}
}
65 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.65",
"source": "וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן׃",
"text": "*wə-yiqaṣ kə-yāšēn ʾăḏōnāy* *kə-gibbôr miṯrônēn mi-yāyin*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqaṣ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he awoke",
"*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping - preposition + Qal active participle masculine singular",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/Master - divine name with 1st person plural possessive suffix",
"*kə-gibbôr*": "like a mighty man - preposition + masculine singular noun",
"*miṯrônēn*": "Hithpoel participle masculine singular - shouting/rejoicing",
"*mi-yāyin*": "from wine - preposition + masculine singular noun"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiqaṣ*": "awoke/aroused/was awakened",
"*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping/like a sleeper",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "the Lord/my Lord/my Master",
"*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero",
"*miṯrônēn*": "shouting/rejoicing/exulting",
"*mi-yāyin*": "from wine/because of wine/overcome by wine"
}
}
66 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.66",
"source": "וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-yak-ṣārāyw ʾāḥôr* *ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām nāṯan lāmô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck",
"*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their back - adverb",
"*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach of/disgrace of - construct form of feminine singular noun",
"*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/perpetual - masculine singular noun",
"*nāṯan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/put",
"*lāmô*": "to them - preposition with archaic 3rd masculine plural suffix"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yak*": "struck/smote/defeated",
"*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their backs/retreating",
"*ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām*": "perpetual reproach/everlasting disgrace/eternal shame",
"*lāmô*": "to them/upon them/against them"
}
}
67 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.67",
"source": "וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yimʾas bə-ʾōhel yôsēp̄* *û-ḇəšēḇeṭ ʾep̄rayim lōʾ ḇāḥār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected",
"*bə-ʾōhel*": "in the tent of - preposition + masculine singular construct",
"*yôsēp̄*": "Joseph - proper noun",
"*û-ḇəšēḇeṭ*": "and in the tribe of - conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct",
"*ʾep̄rayim*": "Ephraim - proper noun",
"*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle",
"*ḇāḥār*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/refused/despised",
"*ʾōhel yôsēp̄*": "tent of Joseph/dwelling of Joseph/tribe of Joseph",
"*šēḇeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod",
"*lōʾ ḇāḥār*": "did not choose/refused to select"
}
}
68 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.68",
"source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב׃",
"text": "*wə-yiḇḥar ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ-har ṣîyôn ʾăšer ʾāhēḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose",
"*ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ*": "direct object marker + tribe of - masculine singular construct",
"*yəhûḏâ*": "Judah - proper noun",
"*ʾeṯ-har*": "direct object marker + mountain of - masculine singular construct",
"*ṣîyôn*": "Zion - proper noun",
"*ʾăšer*": "which/that - relative pronoun",
"*ʾāhēḇ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he loved"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected",
"*šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ*": "tribe of Judah/clan of Judah",
"*har ṣîyôn*": "Mount Zion/hill of Zion/mountain of Zion",
"*ʾāhēḇ*": "loved/cherished/desired"
}
}
69 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.69",
"source": "וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yiḇen kəmô-rāmîm miqdāšô* *kə-ʾereṣ yəsāḏāh lə-ʿôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiḇen*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built",
"*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like heights/like high places - preposition + masculine plural noun",
"*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*kə-ʾereṣ*": "like the earth - preposition + feminine singular noun",
"*yəsāḏāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he founded it",
"*lə-ʿôlām*": "for eternity/forever - preposition + masculine singular noun"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiḇen*": "built/constructed/established",
"*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like high places/like heights/like heaven's heights",
"*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary/his holy place/his temple",
"*yəsāḏāh*": "founded it/established it/settled it",
"*lə-ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/for all time"
}
}
70 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.70",
"source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃",
"text": "*wə-yiḇḥar bə-ḏāwiḏ ʿaḇdô* *wə-yiqqāḥēhû mi-mmikləʾōṯ ṣōʾn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose",
"*bə-ḏāwiḏ*": "in David - preposition + proper noun",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him",
"*mi-mmikləʾōṯ*": "from sheepfolds - preposition + feminine plural noun",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock - feminine singular collective noun"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave",
"*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/fetched him/brought him",
"*mikləʾōṯ*": "sheepfolds/pens/enclosures",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle"
}
}
71 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.71",
"source": "מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱבִ֫יא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ hĕḇîʾô* *lirʿôṯ bə-yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*",
"grammar": {
"*mē-ʾaḥar*": "from after/from following - preposition + adverb",
"*ʿālôṯ*": "nursing ewes - feminine plural noun",
"*hĕḇîʾô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he brought him",
"*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd - Qal infinitive construct with preposition",
"*bə-yaʿăqōḇ*": "in Jacob - preposition + proper noun",
"*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl*": "and in Israel - conjunction + preposition + proper noun",
"*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance - feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix"
},
"variants": {
"*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ*": "from following the nursing ewes/from tending the mother sheep",
"*hĕḇîʾô*": "brought him/led him/took him",
"*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd/to pasture/to tend",
"*yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô*": "Jacob his people/his people Jacob",
"*yiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*": "Israel his inheritance/his inheritance Israel"
}
}
72 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.72",
"source": "וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-yirʿēm kə-ṯōm ləḇāḇô* *û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw yanḥēm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yirʿēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shepherded them",
"*kə-ṯōm*": "according to integrity of - preposition + masculine singular construct",
"*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ*": "and with skillfulness of - conjunction + preposition + feminine plural construct",
"*kappāyw*": "his hands/his palms - dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix",
"*yanḥēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he guided them"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yirʿēm*": "shepherded them/pastured them/tended them",
"*ṯōm ləḇāḇô*": "integrity of his heart/wholeness of his heart/blamelessness of his heart",
"*ṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw*": "skillfulness of his hands/understanding of his hands/discernment of his palms",
"*yanḥēm*": "guided them/led them/directed them"
}
}