1 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.1",
"source": "¶Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ἡμῶν, εὑρηκέναι κατὰ σάρκα;",
"text": "What *oun* shall we *eroumen* *Abraam* the *patera* of us, to have *heurēkenai* according to *sarka*?",
"grammar": {
"*Τί*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what",
"*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then",
"*eroumen*": "future active indicative, 1st person plural - we will say",
"*Abraam*": "proper noun, accusative - Abraham",
"*patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - father",
"*heurēkenai*": "perfect active infinitive - to have found/discovered",
"*kata*": "preposition with accusative - according to/with respect to",
"*sarka*": "accusative, feminine, singular - flesh"
},
"variants": {
"*oun*": "therefore/then/consequently",
"*heurēkenai*": "to have found/discovered/obtained",
"*sarka*": "flesh/human nature/physical descent"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.2",
"source": "Εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἔχει καύχημα· ἀλλʼ οὐ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν.",
"text": "If *gar* *Abraam* from *ergōn* was *edikaiōthē*, he has *kauchēma*; but not *pros* the *Theon*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ei*": "conditional particle - if",
"*gar*": "explanatory conjunction - for/because",
"*Abraam*": "proper noun, nominative - Abraham",
"*ex*": "preposition with genitive - from/by",
"*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds",
"*edikaiōthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was justified",
"*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - has",
"*kauchēma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - ground for boasting",
"*alla*": "strong adversative conjunction - but",
"*ou*": "negative particle - not",
"*pros*": "preposition with accusative - before/toward",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God"
},
"variants": {
"*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions",
"*edikaiōthē*": "was justified/declared righteous",
"*kauchēma*": "ground for boasting/reason for pride",
"*pros*": "before/toward/in relation to"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.3",
"source": "Τί γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ λέγει; Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην.",
"text": "What *gar* the *graphē* *legei*? *Episteusen* *de* *Abraam* to the *Theō*, and it was *elogisthē* to him for *dikaiosynēn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ti*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what",
"*gar*": "explanatory conjunction - for",
"*graphē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - scripture/writing",
"*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - says",
"*Episteusen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - believed",
"*de*": "conjunction - and/but/now",
"*Abraam*": "proper noun, nominative - Abraham",
"*tō Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God",
"*elogisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was counted/reckoned",
"*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to him",
"*eis*": "preposition with accusative - for/unto",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*graphē*": "scripture/writing",
"*Episteusen*": "believed/had faith/trusted",
"*elogisthē*": "was counted/reckoned/credited",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "righteousness/justice"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.4",
"source": "Τῷ δὲ ἐργαζομένῳ ὁ μισθὸς οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ὀφείλημα.",
"text": "To the one *ergazomenō* *de* the *misthos* not *logizetai* according to *charin*, but according to *opheilēma*.",
"grammar": {
"*Tō ergazomenō*": "dative, masculine, singular, present middle participle - to the one working",
"*de*": "conjunction - now/but/and",
"*misthos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wage/reward",
"*ou*": "negative particle - not",
"*logizetai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is reckoned/counted",
"*kata*": "preposition with accusative - according to",
"*charin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - grace/favor",
"*alla*": "strong adversative conjunction - but",
"*kata*": "preposition with accusative - according to",
"*opheilēma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - debt/obligation"
},
"variants": {
"*ergazomenō*": "working/laboring",
"*misthos*": "wage/reward/payment",
"*logizetai*": "is reckoned/counted/credited",
"*charin*": "grace/favor/kindness",
"*opheilēma*": "debt/obligation/what is owed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.5",
"source": "Τῷ δὲ μὴ ἐργαζομένῳ, πιστεύοντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἀσεβῆ, λογίζεται ἡ πίστις αὐτοῦ εἰς δικαιοσύνην.",
"text": "To the one *mē ergazomenō* *de*, *pisteuonti* *de* *epi* the one *dikaiounti* the *asebē*, *logizetai* the *pistis* of him for *dikaiosynēn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Tō mē ergazomenō*": "dative, masculine, singular, present middle participle with negative - to the one not working",
"*de*": "conjunction - but/and",
"*pisteuonti*": "dative, masculine, singular, present active participle - believing/trusting",
"*de*": "conjunction - but/and",
"*epi*": "preposition with accusative - on/upon",
"*ton dikaiounti*": "accusative, masculine, singular, present active participle - the one justifying",
"*ton asebē*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the ungodly person",
"*logizetai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is counted/reckoned",
"*hē pistis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the faith",
"*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him",
"*eis*": "preposition with accusative - for/unto",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*ergazomenō*": "working/laboring",
"*pisteuonti*": "believing/trusting/having faith",
"*dikaiounti*": "justifying/declaring righteous",
"*asebē*": "ungodly/impious person",
"*pistis*": "faith/trust/belief",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "righteousness/justice"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.6",
"source": "Καθάπερ καὶ Δαυίδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων,",
"text": "Just as also *David* *legei* the *makarismon* of the *anthrōpou*, to whom the *Theos* *logizetai* *dikaiosynēn* without *ergōn*,",
"grammar": {
"*Kathaper*": "comparative conjunction - just as/even as",
"*kai*": "conjunction - also/even",
"*David*": "proper noun, nominative - David",
"*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - says/speaks of",
"*ton makarismon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the blessedness/happiness",
"*tou anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the man/person",
"*hō*": "dative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - to whom",
"*ho Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*logizetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd person singular - reckons/counts",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - righteousness",
"*chōris*": "preposition with genitive - apart from/without",
"*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds"
},
"variants": {
"*makarismon*": "blessedness/happiness/blessing",
"*anthrōpou*": "man/person/human being",
"*logizetai*": "reckons/counts/credits",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "righteousness/justice",
"*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.7",
"source": "Μακάριοι ὧν ἀφέθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι, καὶ ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι.",
"text": "*Makarioi* of whom were *aphethēsan* the *anomiai*, and of whom were *epekalyphthēsan* the *hamartiai*.",
"grammar": {
"*Makarioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - blessed/happy",
"*hōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - of whom",
"*aphethēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were forgiven",
"*hai anomiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - the lawless deeds",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*hōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - of whom",
"*epekalyphthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were covered",
"*hai hamartiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - the sins"
},
"variants": {
"*Makarioi*": "blessed/happy",
"*aphethēsan*": "were forgiven/pardoned/sent away",
"*anomiai*": "lawless deeds/iniquities/transgressions",
"*epekalyphthēsan*": "were covered/concealed",
"*hamartiai*": "sins/failures/misses"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.8",
"source": "Μακάριος ἀνὴρ ᾧ οὐ μὴ λογίσηται Κύριος ἁμαρτίαν.",
"text": "*Makarios* *anēr* to whom not not *logisētai* *Kyrios* *hamartian*.",
"grammar": {
"*Makarios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - blessed/happy",
"*anēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man",
"*hō*": "dative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - to whom",
"*ou mē*": "emphatic double negative - certainly not",
"*logisētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - will reckon/count",
"*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord",
"*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin"
},
"variants": {
"*Makarios*": "blessed/happy",
"*anēr*": "man/male person",
"*logisētai*": "will reckon/count/credit",
"*Kyrios*": "Lord/Master",
"*hamartian*": "sin/failure/transgression"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.9",
"source": "Ὁ μακαρισμὸς οὖν οὗτος ἐπὶ τὴν περιτομήν, ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν; λέγομεν γὰρ ὅτι Ἐλογίσθη τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἡ πίστις εἰς δικαιοσύνην.",
"text": "The *makarismos* *oun* this *epi* the *peritomēn*, or also *epi* the *akrobystian*? we *legomen* *gar* that was *Elogisthē* to the *Abraam* the *pistis* for *dikaiosynēn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ho makarismos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the blessedness",
"*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then",
"*houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - this",
"*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon/for",
"*tēn peritomēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the circumcision",
"*ē*": "disjunctive conjunction - or",
"*kai*": "conjunction - also",
"*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon/for",
"*tēn akrobystian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the uncircumcision",
"*legomen*": "present active indicative, 1st person plural - we say",
"*gar*": "explanatory conjunction - for",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that",
"*Elogisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was reckoned",
"*tō Abraam*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Abraham",
"*hē pistis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the faith",
"*eis*": "preposition with accusative - for/unto",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*makarismos*": "blessedness/happiness/blessing",
"*peritomēn*": "circumcision/circumcised people",
"*akrobystian*": "uncircumcision/uncircumcised people",
"*Elogisthē*": "was reckoned/counted/credited",
"*pistis*": "faith/trust/belief",
"*dikaiosynēn*": "righteousness/justice"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.10",
"source": "Πῶς οὖν ἐλογίσθη; ἐν περιτομῇ ὄντι, ἢ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ; Οὐκ ἐν περιτομῇ, ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ.",
"text": "How *oun* was it *elogisthē*? in *peritomē* *onti*, or in *akrobystia*? Not in *peritomē*, but in *akrobystia*.",
"grammar": {
"*Pōs*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then",
"*elogisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was reckoned",
"*en peritomē*": "dative, feminine, singular - in circumcision",
"*onti*": "dative, masculine, singular, present active participle - being",
"*ē*": "disjunctive conjunction - or",
"*en akrobystia*": "dative, feminine, singular - in uncircumcision",
"*Ouk*": "negative particle - not",
"*en peritomē*": "dative, feminine, singular - in circumcision",
"*all*": "strong adversative conjunction - but",
"*en akrobystia*": "dative, feminine, singular - in uncircumcision"
},
"variants": {
"*elogisthē*": "was reckoned/counted/credited",
"*peritomē*": "circumcision/circumcised state",
"*onti*": "being/existing",
"*akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/uncircumcised state"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.11",
"source": "Καὶ σημεῖον ἔλαβεν περιτομῆς, σφραγῖδα τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῆς πίστεως τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ: εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πατέρα πάντων τῶν πιστευόντων, διʼ ἀκροβυστίας· εἰς τὸ λογισθῆναι καὶ αὐτοῖς τὴν δικαιοσύνην:",
"text": "And *sēmeion* he *elaben* of *peritomēs*, a *sphragida* of the *dikaiosynēs* of the *pisteōs* of the in the *akrobystia*: for the *einai* him *patera* of all the ones *pisteuontōn*, through *akrobystias*; for the *logisthēnai* also to them the *dikaiosynēn*:",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*sēmeion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - sign",
"*elaben*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he received",
"*peritomēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of circumcision",
"*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal",
"*tēs dikaiosynēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the righteousness",
"*tēs pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the faith",
"*tēs en tē akrobystia*": "genitive with prepositional phrase - of that in the uncircumcision",
"*eis to einai*": "preposition with articular infinitive - for to be",
"*auton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - him",
"*patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - father",
"*pantōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of all",
"*tōn pisteuontōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, present active participle - of the ones believing",
"*di' akrobystias*": "genitive with preposition - through uncircumcision",
"*eis to logisthēnai*": "preposition with articular aorist passive infinitive - for to be reckoned",
"*kai*": "conjunction - also",
"*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to them",
"*tēn dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*sēmeion*": "sign/token/indication",
"*elaben*": "received/took/obtained",
"*peritomēs*": "circumcision",
"*sphragida*": "seal/confirmation/mark",
"*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice",
"*pisteōs*": "faith/trust/belief",
"*akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/uncircumcised state",
"*einai*": "to be/exist",
"*patera*": "father/ancestor",
"*pisteuontōn*": "believing/trusting",
"*logisthēnai*": "to be reckoned/counted/credited"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.12",
"source": "Καὶ πατέρα περιτομῆς τοῖς οὐκ ἐκ περιτομῆς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ, πίστεως τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ.",
"text": "And *patera* of *peritomēs* to those not from *peritomēs* *monon*, but also to those *stoichousin* in the *ichnesin* of the in the *akrobystia*, *pisteōs* of the *patros* of us *Abraam*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - father",
"*peritomēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of circumcision",
"*tois ouk ek peritomēs*": "dative, masculine, plural with negative - to those not from circumcision",
"*monon*": "adverb - only",
"*alla*": "strong adversative conjunction - but",
"*kai*": "conjunction - also",
"*tois stoichousin*": "dative, masculine, plural, present active participle - to those walking/following",
"*tois ichnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - in the footsteps",
"*tēs en tē akrobystia*": "genitive with prepositional phrase - of the in the uncircumcision",
"*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith",
"*tou patros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the father",
"*hēmōn*": "genitive, 1st person plural - of us",
"*Abraam*": "genitive, masculine - Abraham"
},
"variants": {
"*patera*": "father/ancestor",
"*peritomēs*": "circumcision/circumcised people",
"*monon*": "only/merely",
"*stoichousin*": "walking/following/living in line with",
"*ichnesin*": "footsteps/tracks/path",
"*akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/uncircumcised state",
"*pisteōs*": "faith/trust/belief",
"*patros*": "father/ancestor"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Romans.4.13",
"source": "Οὐ γὰρ διὰ νόμου, ἡ ἐπαγγελία, τῷ Ἀβραὰμ, ἢ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ, τὸ κληρονόμον αὐτὸν εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἀλλὰ διὰ δικαιοσύνης πίστεως.",
"text": "Not *gar* through *nomou*, the *epangelia*, to the *Abraam*, or to the *spermati* of him, the *klēronomon* him *einai* of the *kosmou*, but through *dikaiosynēs* *pisteōs*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ou*": "negative particle - not",
"*gar*": "explanatory conjunction - for",
"*dia nomou*": "genitive with preposition - through law",
"*hē epangelia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the promise",
"*tō Abraam*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Abraham",
"*ē*": "disjunctive conjunction - or",
"*tō spermati*": "dative, neuter, singular - to the seed",
"*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him",
"*to klēronomon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the heir",
"*auton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - him",
"*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be",
"*tou kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the world",
"*alla*": "strong adversative conjunction - but",
"*dia dikaiosynēs*": "genitive with preposition - through righteousness",
"*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith"
},
"variants": {
"*nomou*": "law/legal system",
"*epangelia*": "promise/pledge",
"*spermati*": "seed/offspring/descendants",
"*klēronomon*": "heir/inheritor",
"*einai*": "to be/exist",
"*kosmou*": "world/universe/ordered system",
"*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice",
"*pisteōs*": "faith/trust/belief"
}
}