Exodus 10:21

KJV1611 – Modern English

And the LORD said to Moses, Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness which may be felt.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

Transliteration

wa-yōʾmer YHWH ʾel-mōšeh nəṭēh yādəkā ʿal-ha-šāmayim wîhî ḥōšek ʿal-ʾereṣ miṣrāyim wə-yāmēš ḥōšek

Grammar Details

• *wa-yōʾmer*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said
• *YHWH*: proper noun - divine name
• *ʾel-mōšeh*: preposition + proper noun - to Moses
• *nəṭēh*: Qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out
• *yādəkā*: noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand
• *ʿal-ha-šāmayim*: preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens
• *wîhî*: conjunction + Qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - that there may be
• *ḥōšek*: noun masculine singular - darkness
• *ʿal-ʾereṣ*: preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of
• *miṣrāyim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *wə-yāmēš*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - that may be felt

Word Meanings

• *yāmēš*: may be felt/may be thick/may be tangible
• *ḥōšek*: darkness/obscurity

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then the LORD said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that darkness may spread over Egypt—a darkness that can be felt."

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And the Lorde sayde vnto Moses: Stretch out thy hond vnto heaue ad let there be darcknesse vppon the londe of Egipte: eue that thei maye feale the darcknesse.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The LORDE sayde vnto Moses: Stretch out thine hade towarde heauen, that it be so darck in the londe of Egipte, yt it maye be felt.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Againe ye Lord said vnto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heauen, that there may be vpon the lande of Egypt darkenesse, euen darkenesse that may be felt.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the Lorde sayde vnto Moyses: Stretche out thy hande vnto heauen, that there may be vpon the lande of Egypt darknesse which may be felt.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness [which] may be felt.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt."

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Jehovah saith unto Moses, `Stretch out thy hand towards the heavens, and there is darkness over the land of Egypt, and the darkness is felt.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the Lord said to Moses, Let your hand be stretched out to heaven, and all the land of Egypt will be dark, so that men will be feeling their way about in the dark.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The Ninth Blow: Darkness The LORD said to Moses,“Extend your hand toward heaven so that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness so thick it can be felt.”

Referenced Verses

• Ps 105:28 : 28 He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they did not rebel against his word.
• Exod 9:22 : 22 And the LORD said to Moses, Stretch forth your hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and beast, and every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.
• Deut 28:29 : 29 And you shall grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways: and you shall be only oppressed and plundered evermore, and no man shall save you.
• Ps 35:6 : 6 Let their way be dark and slippery, and let the angel of the LORD persecute them.
• Ps 78:49 : 49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.
• Prov 4:19 : 19 The way of the wicked is like darkness: they do not know at what they stumble.
• Eccl 2:14 : 14 The wise man's eyes are in his head, but the fool walks in darkness. Yet I myself perceived that the same event happens to them all.
• Eccl 6:4 : 4 For it comes in vanity and departs in darkness, and its name is covered with darkness.
• Isa 8:21-22 : 21 And they shall pass through it, hard-pressed and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward. 22 And they shall look to the earth; and behold trouble and darkness, the gloom of anguish; and they shall be driven into darkness.
• Matt 27:45 : 45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour.
• Mark 15:33 : 33 And when the sixth hour came, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
• Luke 23:44 : 44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.
• 2 Pet 2:4 : 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment;
• 2 Pet 2:17 : 17 These are wells without water, clouds carried by a tempest, to whom the blackness of darkness is reserved forever.
• Jude 1:6 : 6 And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day.
• Jude 1:13 : 13 Raging waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.
• Rev 16:10-11 : 10 And the fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues because of pain, 11 and blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores, and did not repent of their deeds.