Acts 2:30

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

So then, because he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat one of his descendants on his throne,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Προφήτης οὖν ὑπάρχων, καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός, ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ, τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ἀναστήσειν τὸν Χριστόν, καθίσαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ·

Transliteration

Prophētēs oun huparchōn, and eidōs that horkō ōmosen to him the Theos, from karpou of the osphuos of him, according to sarka, anastēsein the Christon, to sit upon the thronou of him;

Grammar Details

• *Prophētēs*: nominative, masculine, singular - prophet
• *oun*: conjunction - therefore/then
• *huparchōn*: present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being/existing
• *eidōs*: perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - knowing
• *horkō*: dative, masculine, singular - with an oath
• *ōmosen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he swore
• *Theos*: nominative, masculine, singular - God
• *karpou*: genitive, masculine, singular - of fruit/offspring
• *osphuos*: genitive, feminine, singular - of loins/body
• *sarka*: accusative, feminine, singular - flesh
• *anastēsein*: future active infinitive - to raise up
• *Christon*: accusative, masculine, singular - Christ/Messiah
• *thronou*: genitive, masculine, singular - of throne

Word Meanings

• *huparchōn*: being/existing/serving as
• *eidōs*: knowing/understanding/being aware
• *horkō*: oath/sworn promise
• *ōmosen*: swore/took an oath
• *karpou*: fruit/offspring/descendant
• *osphuos*: loins/waist/reproductive power
• *sarka*: flesh/human descent/physical nature
• *anastēsein*: to raise up/establish/resurrect
• *Christon*: Christ/Messiah/Anointed One
• *thronou*: throne/seat of power/royal dignity

Referenced Verses

• Ps 132:11-18 : 11 The LORD made a reliable promise to David; he will not go back on his word. He said,“I will place one of your descendants on your throne. 12 If your sons keep my covenant and the rules I teach them, their sons will also sit on your throne forever.” 13 Certainly the LORD has chosen Zion; he decided to make it his home. 14 He said,“This will be my resting place forever; I will live here, for I have chosen it. 15 I will abundantly supply what she needs; I will give her poor all the food they need. 16 I will protect her priests, and her godly people will shout exuberantly. 17 There I will make David strong; I have determined that my chosen king’s dynasty will continue. 18 I will humiliate his enemies, and his crown will shine.
• 2 Sam 7:11-16 : 11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief from all your enemies. The LORD declares to you that he himself will build a dynastic house for you. 12 When the time comes for you to die, I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He will build a house for my name, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 14 I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. 15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me permanently; your dynasty will be permanent.’”
• 2 Sam 23:2 : 2 The LORD’s Spirit spoke through me; his word was on my tongue.
• Ps 89:3-4 : 3 The LORD said,“I have made a covenant with my chosen one; I have made a promise on oath to David, my servant: 4 ‘I will give you an eternal dynasty and establish your throne throughout future generations.’”(Selah)
• 2 Pet 1:21 : 21 for no prophecy was ever borne of human impulse; rather, men carried along by the Holy Spirit spoke from God.
• Rev 17:14 : 14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those accompanying the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”
• Rev 19:16 : 16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh:“King of kings and Lord of lords.”
• Ps 89:19-37 : 19 Then you spoke through a vision to your faithful followers and said:“I have placed a young hero over a warrior; I have raised up a young man from the people. 20 I have discovered David, my servant. With my holy oil I have anointed him as king. 21 My hand will support him, and my arm will strengthen him. 22 No enemy will be able to exact tribute from him; a violent oppressor will not be able to humiliate him. 23 I will crush his enemies before him; I will strike down those who hate him. 24 He will experience my faithfulness and loyal love, and by my name he will win victories. 25 I will place his hand over the sea, his right hand over the rivers. 26 He will call out to me,‘You are my father, my God, and the protector who delivers me.’ 27 I will appoint him to be my firstborn son, the most exalted of the earth’s kings. 28 I will always extend my loyal love to him, and my covenant with him is secure. 29 I will give him an eternal dynasty, and make his throne as enduring as the skies above. 30 If his sons reject my law and disobey my regulations, 31 if they break my rules and do not keep my commandments, 32 I will punish their rebellion by beating them with a club, their sin by inflicting them with bruises. 33 But I will not remove my loyal love from him, nor be unfaithful to my promise. 34 I will not break my covenant or go back on what I promised. 35 Once and for all I have vowed by my own holiness, I will never deceive David. 36 His dynasty will last forever. His throne will endure before me, like the sun, 37 it will remain stable, like the moon, his throne will endure like the skies.”(Selah)
• Ps 110:1-5 : 1 A psalm of David. Here is the LORD’s proclamation to my lord:“Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool!” 2 The LORD extends your dominion from Zion. Rule in the midst of your enemies! 3 Your people willingly follow you when you go into battle. On the holy hills at sunrise the dew of your youth belongs to you. 4 The LORD makes this promise on oath and will not revoke it:“You are an eternal priest after the pattern of Melchizedek.” 5 O Lord, at your right hand he strikes down kings in the day he unleashes his anger.
• 1 Chr 17:11-15 : 11 When the time comes for you to die, I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 12 He will build me a house, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 13 I will become his father and he will become my son. I will never withhold my loyal love from him, as I withheld it from the one who ruled before you. 14 I will put him in permanent charge of my house and my kingdom; his dynasty will be permanent.”’” 15 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him.
• Ps 2:6-9 : 6 “I myself have installed my king on Zion, my holy hill.” 7 The king says,“I will announce the LORD’s decree. He said to me:‘You are my son! This very day I have become your father! 8 Ask me, and I will give you the nations as your inheritance, the ends of the earth as your personal property. 9 You will break them with an iron scepter; you will smash them like a potter’s jar!’” 10 So now, you kings, do what is wise; you rulers of the earth, submit to correction! 11 Serve the LORD in fear! Repent in terror! 12 Give sincere homage! Otherwise he will be angry, and you will die because of your behavior, when his anger quickly ignites. How blessed are all who take shelter in him!
• Ps 72:1-9 : 1 For Solomon. O God, grant the king the ability to make just decisions! Grant the king’s son the ability to make fair decisions! 2 Then he will judge your people fairly, and your oppressed ones equitably. 3 The mountains will bring news of peace to the people, and the hills will announce justice. 4 He will defend the oppressed among the people; he will deliver the children of the poor and crush the oppressor. 5 People will fear you as long as the sun and moon remain in the sky, for generation after generation. 6 He will descend like rain on the mown grass, like showers that drench the earth. 7 During his days the godly will flourish; peace will prevail as long as the moon remains in the sky. 8 May he rule from sea to sea, and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth! 9 Before him the coastlands will bow down, and his enemies will lick the dust. 10 The kings of Tarshish and the coastlands will offer gifts; the kings of Sheba and Seba will bring tribute. 11 All kings will bow down to him; all nations will serve him. 12 For he will rescue the needy when they cry out for help, and the oppressed who have no defender. 13 He will take pity on the poor and needy; the lives of the needy he will save. 14 From harm and violence he will defend them; he will value their lives. 15 May he live! May they offer him gold from Sheba! May they continually pray for him! May they pronounce blessings on him all day long! 16 May there be an abundance of grain in the earth; on the tops of the mountains may it sway! May its fruit trees flourish like the forests of Lebanon! May its crops be as abundant as the grass of the earth! 17 May his fame endure! May his dynasty last as long as the sun remains in the sky! May they use his name when they formulate their blessings! May all nations consider him to be favored by God! 18 The LORD God, the God of Israel, deserves praise! He alone accomplishes amazing things! 19 His glorious name deserves praise forevermore! May his majestic splendor fill the whole earth! We agree! We agree!
• Isa 7:14 : 14 For this reason the Lord himself will give you a confirming sign. Look, this young woman is about to conceive and will give birth to a son. You, young woman, will name him Immanuel.
• Isa 9:6-7 : 6 For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called: Amazing Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 His dominion will be vast and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. He will rule on David’s throne and over David’s kingdom, establishing it and strengthening it by promoting justice and fairness, from this time forward and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Heaven’s Armies will accomplish this.
• Jer 23:5-6 : 5 “I, the LORD, promise that a new time will certainly come when I will raise up for them a righteous branch, a descendant of David. He will rule over them with wisdom and understanding and will do what is just and right in the land. 6 Under his rule Judah will enjoy safety and Israel will live in security. This is the name he will go by:‘The LORD has provided us with justice.’
• Jer 33:14-15 : 14 The Lord Reaffirms His Covenant with David, Israel, and Levi“I, the LORD, affirm:‘The time will certainly come when I will fulfill my gracious promise concerning the nations of Israel and Judah. 15 In those days and at that time I will raise up for them a righteous descendant of David.“‘He will do what is just and right in the land.
• Amos 9:11-12 : 11 The Restoration of the Davidic Dynasty“In that day I will rebuild the collapsing hut of David. I will seal its gaps, repair its ruins, and restore it to what it was like in days gone by. 12 As a result they will conquer those left in Edom and all the nations subject to my rule.” The LORD, who is about to do this, is speaking!
• Mic 5:2 : 2 A King Will Come and a Remnant Will Prosper(5:1) As for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, seemingly insignificant among the clans of Judah– from you a king will emerge who will rule over Israel on my behalf, one whose origins are in the distant past.
• Matt 22:43 : 43 He said to them,“How then does David by the Spirit call him‘Lord,’ saying,
• Matt 27:35 : 35 When they had crucified him, they divided his clothes by throwing dice.
• Mark 12:36 : 36 David himself, by the Holy Spirit, said,‘The Lord said to my lord,“Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet.”’
• Luke 1:31-33 : 31 Listen: You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus. 32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David. 33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.”
• Luke 1:69-70 : 69 For he has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, 70 as he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago,
• Luke 2:10-11 : 10 But the angel said to them,“Do not be afraid! Listen carefully, for I proclaim to you good news that brings great joy to all the people: 11 Today your Savior is born in the city of David. He is Christ the Lord.
• Luke 24:44 : 44 Jesus’ Final Commission Then he said to them,“These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms must be fulfilled.”
• John 18:36-37 : 36 Jesus replied,“My kingdom is not from this world. If my kingdom were from this world, my servants would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jewish authorities. But as it is, my kingdom is not from here.” 37 Then Pilate said,“So you are a king!” Jesus replied,“You say that I am a king. For this reason I was born, and for this reason I came into the world– to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to my voice.”
• Acts 1:16 : 16 “Brothers, the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through David concerning Judas– who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus–
• Rom 1:3 : 3 concerning his Son who was a descendant of David with reference to the flesh,
• Rom 15:12 : 12 And again Isaiah says,“The root of Jesse will come, and the one who rises to rule over the Gentiles, in him will the Gentiles hope.”
• 2 Tim 2:8 : 8 Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, a descendant of David; such is my gospel,
• Heb 3:7 : 7 Exposition of Psalm 95: Hearing God’s Word in Faith Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says,“Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks!
• Heb 4:7 : 7 So God again ordains a certain day,“Today,” speaking through David after so long a time, as in the words quoted before,“Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks! Do not harden your hearts.”
• Heb 6:17 : 17 In the same way God wanted to demonstrate more clearly to the heirs of the promise that his purpose was unchangeable, and so he intervened with an oath,
• Heb 7:1-2 : 1 The Nature of Melchizedek’s Priesthood Now this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, met Abraham as he was returning from defeating the kings and blessed him. 2 To him also Abraham apportioned a tithe of everything. His name first means king of righteousness, then king of Salem, that is, king of peace.
• Heb 7:21 : 21 but Jesus did so with a sworn affirmation by the one who said to him,“The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind,‘You are a priest forever’”–