Verse 39

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.20.39", "source": "‫וַיְהִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עֹבֵ֔ר וְה֖וּא צָעַ֣ק אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר עַבְדְּךָ֣ ׀ יָצָ֣א בְקֶֽרֶב־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְהִנֵּֽה־אִ֨ישׁ סָ֜ר וַיָּבֵ֧א אֵלַ֣י אִ֗ישׁ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁמֹר֙ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־הִפָּקֵד֙ יִפָּקֵ֔ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ א֥וֹ כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף תִּשְׁקֽוֹל׃‬", "text": "And-*wayəhî* the-*meleḵ ʿōḇēr* and-he *ṣāʿaq* to-the-*meleḵ* and-*wayyōʾmer ʿaḇdəḵā yāṣāʾ* in-*qereḇ-ha-milḥāmâ* and-*hinnê-ʾîš sār* and-*wayyāḇēʾ* to-me *ʾîš* and-*wayyōʾmer šəmōr ʾeṯ-ha-ʾîš hazze* if-*hippāqēḏ yippāqēḏ* and-*hāyəṯâ nap̄šəḵā taḥaṯ nap̄šô ʾô kikkar-kesep̄ tišqôl*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it happened", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*ʿōḇēr*": "participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*ṣāʿaq*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he cried out", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*yāṣāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went out", "*qereḇ-ha-milḥāmâ*": "construct + definite article + feminine singular noun - midst of the battle", "*hinnê-ʾîš*": "particle + masculine singular noun - behold, a man", "*sār*": "participle, masculine singular - turning aside", "*wayyāḇēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šəmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - guard", "*ha-ʾîš hazze*": "definite article + masculine singular noun + demonstrative - this man", "*hippāqēḏ yippāqēḏ*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Niphal - missing he shall be missed", "*hāyəṯâ*": "perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - shall be", "*nap̄šəḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life", "*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - instead of", "*nap̄šô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*kikkar-kesep̄*": "construct state - talent of silver", "*tišqôl*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall weigh/pay" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "it happened, it came to pass", "*ʿōḇēr*": "passing by, crossing over", "*ṣāʿaq*": "cried out, called, shouted", "*yāṣāʾ*": "went out, came out", "*qereḇ-ha-milḥāmâ*": "midst of battle, middle of fighting", "*sār*": "turning aside, deserting, departing", "*šəmōr*": "guard, watch, keep", "*hippāqēḏ yippāqēḏ*": "if he is missing, if he escapes", "*nap̄šəḵā*": "your life, your soul", "*taḥaṯ*": "instead of, in place of", "*kikkar-kesep̄*": "talent of silver (weight/money unit)", "*tišqôl*": "you shall pay, you shall weigh out" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Men din tjener ble forhindret her og der, så han var borte.» Israels konge sa til ham: «Da er din dom som du selv har uttalt.»

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Da kongen passerte, ropte han til kongen og sa: Din tjener gikk ut i slaget, og se, en mann vendte seg og brakte en annen mann til meg og sa: Pass på denne mannen; hvis han mangler på noe vis, skal ditt liv være for hans liv, eller du skal betale en talent sølv.

• Norsk King James

  Og da kongen passerte, ropte han til kongen: Og han sa: Din tjener dro ut midt i slaget; og se, en mann vred seg bort og førte en mann til meg og sa: Behold denne mannen: hvis han på noen måte skulle forsvinne, skal ditt liv være for hans liv, eller ellers skal du betale et talent av sølv.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da kongen passerte, ropte han: «Din tjener var i kampens midte og fikk en annen til å gi meg ansvaret for en mann, og sa: 'Hold denne mannen trygg. Hvis han mangler, skal ditt liv være i stedet for hans, eller du skal betale et talent sølv.'

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Da kongen kom forbi, ropte han til ham: «Din tjener gikk ut midt i kampen, og se, en mann kom og brakte en annen mann til meg og sa: Hold denne mannen, hvis han savnes, skal du svare med ditt eget liv, eller du skal betale en talent sølv.»

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Da kongen gikk forbi, ropte han til kongen og sa: "Din tjener gikk ut i kampens midte, og se, en mann vendte seg bort og førte en mann til meg, og sa: 'Pass på denne mannen: hvis han forsvinner på en eller annen måte, skal ditt liv erstatte hans liv, eller else skal du betale et talent sølv.'"

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Da kongen passerte, ropte profeten til ham og sa: Din tjener gikk ut midt i slaget, og se, en mann gikk bort og førte en annen til meg og sa: Ta vare på denne personen! Om han skulle forsvinne, skal ditt liv koste for hans liv, eller så skal du betale en talent sølv.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Da kongen gikk forbi, ropte han til kongen og sa: "Din tjener gikk ut i kampens midte, og se, en mann vendte seg bort og førte en mann til meg, og sa: 'Pass på denne mannen: hvis han forsvinner på en eller annen måte, skal ditt liv erstatte hans liv, eller else skal du betale et talent sølv.'"

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Mens kongen passerte, ropte han til kongen og sa: "Din tjener deltok i striden. Da kom en mann og førte en annen mann fram for meg og sa: 'Vokt denne mannen! Hvis han mangler, er det ditt liv for hans liv, eller du må betale en talent sølv.'"

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  As the king passed by, the prophet called out to him and said, 'Your servant went into the middle of the battle, and suddenly a man brought another man to me and said, "Guard this man. If he is missing, your life will be for his life, or you will pay a talent of silver."

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Da kongen kom forbi, ropte profeten til ham: «Din tjener var midt i kampen, og plutselig kom en mann til meg med en krigsfange og sa: ‘Vokt denne mannen! Hvis han savnes, skal du selv bøte med livet eller betale en talent sølv.’

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og det skede, at Kongen drog forbi, og han, han raabte til Kongen og sagde: Din Tjener var dragen ud midt i Krigen, og see, en Mand veg (af Veien) og førte en Mand til mig og sagde: Forvar denne Mand; dersom han savnes, da skal dit Liv være istedetfor hans Liv, eller du skal veie et Centner Sølv (derfor).

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Da kongen passerte, ropte han til kongen og sa: Din tjener var ute midt i slaget, og se, en mann snudde seg til siden og brakte en mann til meg, og sa: Pass godt på denne mannen, hvis han mangler på noen måte, skal ditt liv være for hans, eller du skal betale en talent sølv.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And as the king passed by, he cried to the king: and he said, Your servant went out into the midst of the battle; and behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man to me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he is missing, then shall your life be for his life, or else you shall pay a talent of silver.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Mens kongen passerte, ropte han til kongen og sa: Din tjener gikk ut i midten av slaget; og se, en mann vendte seg bort og brakte en mann til meg og sa: Pass på denne mannen; om han på noen måte blir borte, skal ditt liv bli for hans liv, ellers skal du betale en talent sølv.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Da kongen kom forbi, ropte han til kongen og sa: 'Din tjener gikk midt ut i slaget, og se, en mann vendte seg til siden og brakte en mann til meg og sa: Pass på denne mannen; forsvinner han, skal ditt liv være for hans liv, eller du skal veie en talent sølv.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Da kongen kom forbi, ropte han til kongen og sa: Din tjener gikk midt inn i slaget, da brakte en mann en mann til meg og sa: Hold denne mannen; hvis han mangler, skal ditt liv være for hans liv, eller du skal betale en talent sølv.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Da kongen passerte forbi, ropte han: 'Tjeneren din var ute i kampen, og en mann kom til meg med en annen mann og sa: 'Vokt denne mannen. Hvis han forsvinner, skal ditt liv være bytte for hans liv, ellers må du betale en talent sølv.'

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan the kynge wente by, he cried vpon ye kynge, and sayde: Thy seruaunt wente forth in to the battayll, and beholde, there wente one asyde, and broughte a man vnto me, and sayde: Kepe this ma: yf he be myssed, thy soule shall be in steade of his soule, or els thou shalt weye downe an hundreth weighte of syluer.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And when the King came by, he cried vnto the King, and said, Thy seruant went into the middes of the battel: and beholde, there went away a man, whom another man brought vnto me, and sayd, Keepe this man: if he be lost, and want, thy life shall go for his life, or els thou shalt pay a talent of siluer.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And when the king came by, he cryed vnto the king, and sayde: Thy seruaunt wet out in the middes of the battel, and behold there went away a man, whom another man brought vnto me, & sayde, Kepe this man: and if he be myssed or lost, thy lyfe shall go for his, or els thou shalt pay a talent of siluer.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  As the king passed by, he cried to the king; and he said, Your servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man to me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall your life be for his life, or else you shall pay a talent of silver.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it cometh to pass -- the king is passing by -- that he hath cried unto the king, and saith, `Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle, and lo, a man hath turned aside and bringeth in unto me a man, and saith, Keep this man; if he be at all missing, then hath thy life been for his life, or a talent of silver thou dost weigh out;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king; and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And when the king went by, crying out to him he said, Your servant went out into the fight; and a man came out to me with another man and said, Keep this man: if by any chance he gets away, your life will be the price of his life, or you will have to give a talent of silver in payment.

• World English Bible (2000)

  As the king passed by, he cried to the king; and he said, "Your servant went out into the midst of the battle; and behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man to me, and said, 'Guard this man! If by any means he be missing, then your life shall be for his life, or else you shall pay a talent of silver.'

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When the king passed by, he called out to the king,“Your servant went out into the heat of the battle, and then a man turned aside and brought me a prisoner. He told me,‘Guard this prisoner. If he ends up missing for any reason, you will pay with your life or with a talent of silver.’

Referenced Verses

• 2 Kgs 10:24 : 24 { "verseID": "2 Kings.10.24", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת זְבָחִ֣ים וְעֹל֑וֹת וְיֵה֞וּא שָׂם־ל֤וֹ בַחוּץ֙ שְׁמֹנִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּלֵט֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מֵבִ֣יא עַל־יְדֵיכֶ֔ם נַפְשׁ֖וֹ תַּ֥חַת נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾû* *laʿăśôt* *zĕbāḥîm* *wĕʿōlôt* they came to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings and *wĕyēhûʾ* *śām-lô* *baḥûṣ* *šĕmōnîm* *ʾîš* Jehu had placed for himself outside eighty men, and *wayyōʾmer* *hāʾîš* *ʾăšer-yimmālēṭ* *min-hāʾănāšîm* *ʾăšer* *ʾănî* *mēbîʾ* *ʿal-yĕdêkem* said, the man who escapes from the men whom I am bringing into your hands, *napšô* *taḥat* *napšô* his life for his life.", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to make/perform/offer", "*zĕbāḥîm*": "noun masculine plural - sacrifices", "*wĕʿōlôt*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine plural - and burnt offerings", "*wĕyēhûʾ*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Jehu", "*śām-lô*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - had placed for himself", "*baḥûṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - outside/outdoors", "*šĕmōnîm*": "cardinal number - eighty", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/men", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the man", "*ʾăšer-yimmālēṭ*": "relative particle + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - who escapes", "*min-hāʾănāšîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - from the men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - whom", "*ʾănî*": "1st common singular personal pronoun - I", "*mēbîʾ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - bringing", "*ʿal-yĕdêkem*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - into your hands", "*napšô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/for", "*napšô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life" }, "variants": { "*laʿăśôt*": "to offer/to perform/to make", "*zĕbāḥîm*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*ʿōlôt*": "burnt offerings/whole burnt sacrifices", "*śām-lô*": "had placed for himself/stationed for himself/positioned", "*yimmālēṭ*": "escapes/slips away/saves himself", "*mēbîʾ*": "bringing/putting/delivering", "*ʿal-yĕdêkem*": "into your hands/under your control", "*napšô* *taḥat* *napšô*": "his life for his life/his life instead of his life (i.e., you will die for allowing him to escape)" } }
• Job 36:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Job.36.18", "source": "כִּֽי־חֵ֭מָה פֶּן־יְסִֽיתְךָ֣ בְסָ֑פֶק וְרָב־כֹּ֝֗פֶר אַל־יַטֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "*kî-ḥēmāh* *pen-yəsîtəkā* *bəsāp̄eq* *wə-rāb-kōp̄er* *ʾal-yaṭṭekkā*", "grammar": { "*kî-ḥēmāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - for wrath", "*pen-yəsîtəkā*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - lest it entice you", "*bəsāp̄eq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - into mockery/scorn", "*wə-rāb-kōp̄er*": "conjunction + adjective + noun, masculine singular - and great ransom", "*ʾal-yaṭṭekkā*": "negative particle + Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - let it not turn you aside" }, "variants": { "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/rage/fury", "*yəsît*": "entices/lures/incites", "*sāp̄eq*": "mockery/scorn/derision/clapping hands in derision", "*rāb-kōp̄er*": "great ransom/large bribe", "*yaṭṭeh*": "turns aside/diverts/bends" } }
• Ps 49:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.49.7", "source": "הַבֹּטְחִ֥ים עַל־חֵילָ֑ם וּבְרֹ֥ב עָ֝שְׁרָ֗ם יִתְהַלָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "The-*bōṭəḥîm* upon-*ḥêlām* *û*-in-*rōb* *ʿošrām* *yithallālû*", "grammar": { "*bōṭəḥîm*": "verb qal participle masculine plural with definite article - 'those who trust'", "*ḥêlām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their wealth/strength'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*rōb*": "noun masculine singular construct - 'abundance of'", "*ʿošrām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their riches'", "*yithallālû*": "verb hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they boast'" }, "variants": { "*ḥêlām*": "their wealth/strength/power/might", "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*yithallālû*": "they boast/praise themselves/glory" } }
• Prov 6:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.35", "source": "לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא פְּנֵ֣י כָל־כֹּ֑פֶר וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה כִּ֣י תַרְבֶּה־שֹֽׁחַד׃ פ", "text": "Not-*yiśśāʾ* *pənê* any-*kōper* and-not-*yōʾveh* though *tarbeh*-*šōḥad*", "grammar": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will accept/lift up", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*kōper*": "noun, masculine singular - ransom/bribe", "*yōʾveh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will be willing/consent", "*tarbeh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you increase/multiply", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular - gift/present/bribe" }, "variants": { "*yiśśāʾ* *pənê*": "will accept/will show favor to/will regard", "*kōper*": "ransom/bribe/payment", "*yōʾveh*": "will be willing/will consent/will agree", "*tarbeh*": "increase/multiply/make great", "*šōḥad*": "gift/present/bribe" } }
• Prov 13:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.8", "source": "כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ עָשְׁר֑וֹ וְ֝רָ֗שׁ לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע גְּעָרָֽה׃", "text": "*kōper nepeš-ʾîš ʿāšrô wə-rāš lōʾ-šāmaʿ gəʿārâ*", "grammar": { "*kōper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - ransom of", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - life of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʿāšrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wealth", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor man", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāmaʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hears/listens to", "*gəʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - rebuke/threat" }, "variants": { "*kōper*": "ransom/price of life/redemption price", "*nepeš*": "life/person/self", "*ʿāšrô*": "his wealth/his riches", "*rāš*": "poor man/destitute person", "*šāmaʿ*": "hears/listens to/heeds", "*gəʿārâ*": "rebuke/threat/intimidation" } }
• Mark 12:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Mark.12.1", "source": "Καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς ἐν παραβολαῖς λέγεῖν. Ἀμπελῶνα ἐφύτευσεν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ περιέθηκεν φραγμόν, καὶ ὤρυξεν ὑπολήνιον, καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πύργον, καὶ ἐξέδοτο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς, καὶ ἀπεδήμησεν.", "text": "And he *ērxato* to-them in *parabolais* *legein*. *Ampelōna* *ephyteusen* *anthrōpos*, and *periethēken* *phragmon*, and *ōryxen* *hypolēnion*, and *ōkodomēsen* *pyrgon*, and *exedoto* it to-*geōrgois*, and *apedēmēsen*.", "grammar": { "*ērxato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - began", "*parabolais*": "dative plural feminine - parables", "*legein*": "present active infinitive - to speak/say", "*Ampelōna*": "accusative singular masculine - vineyard", "*ephyteusen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - planted", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative singular masculine - man/person", "*periethēken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - placed around", "*phragmon*": "accusative singular masculine - fence/hedge", "*ōryxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - dug", "*hypolēnion*": "accusative singular neuter - wine vat/pit under the winepress", "*ōkodomēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - built", "*pyrgon*": "accusative singular masculine - tower", "*exedoto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - gave out/leased", "*geōrgois*": "dative plural masculine - farmers/vinedressers", "*apedēmēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - went away/traveled abroad" }, "variants": { "*ērxato*": "began/started", "*parabolais*": "parables/analogies/comparisons", "*legein*": "to speak/to say/to tell", "*ampelōna*": "vineyard/vine-field", "*ephyteusen*": "planted/established", "*anthrōpos*": "man/human/person", "*periethēken*": "placed around/set around/surrounded with", "*phragmon*": "fence/hedge/wall", "*ōryxen*": "dug/excavated", "*hypolēnion*": "wine vat/pit under the winepress", "*ōkodomēsen*": "built/constructed", "*pyrgon*": "tower/watchtower", "*exedoto*": "leased/rented out/gave out", "*geōrgois*": "farmers/vinedressers/agricultural workers", "*apedēmēsen*": "went away/traveled abroad/left the country" } } 2 { "verseID": "Mark.12.2", "source": "Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τοὺς γεωργοὺς τῷ καιρῷ δοῦλον, ἵνα παρὰ τῶν γεωργῶν λάβῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος.", "text": "And he *apesteilen* *pros* the *geōrgous* in-the *kairō* a-*doulon*, *hina* from the *geōrgōn* he-might-*labē* from the *karpou* of-the *ampelōnos*.", "grammar": { "*apesteilen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sent", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*geōrgous*": "accusative plural masculine - farmers/vinedressers", "*kairō*": "dative singular masculine - appointed time/season", "*doulon*": "accusative singular masculine - slave/servant", "*hina*": "conjunction + subjunctive - so that/in order that", "*geōrgōn*": "genitive plural masculine - farmers/vinedressers", "*labē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - might receive/take", "*karpou*": "genitive singular masculine - fruit/produce", "*ampelōnos*": "genitive singular masculine - vineyard" }, "variants": { "*apesteilen*": "sent/dispatched", "*pros*": "to/toward/unto", "*geōrgous*": "farmers/vinedressers/tenants", "*kairō*": "time/season/appointed time", "*doulon*": "slave/servant/bondservant", "*hina*": "so that/in order that", "*labē*": "might receive/take/collect", "*karpou*": "fruit/produce/yield", "*ampelōnos*": "vineyard/vine-field" } } 3 { "verseID": "Mark.12.3", "source": "Οἱ δὲ λαβόντες αὐτὸν, ἔδειραν, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν κενόν.", "text": "*Hoi de labontes* him, they-*edeiran*, and *apesteilan* him *kenon*.", "grammar": { "*Hoi de*": "nominative plural masculine article + postpositive particle - but they/and they", "*labontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine - having taken/seized", "*edeiran*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - beat", "*apesteilan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - sent away", "*kenon*": "accusative singular masculine adjective - empty" }, "variants": { "*labontes*": "having taken/seized/grabbed", "*edeiran*": "beat/flogged/struck", "*apesteilan*": "sent away/dismissed", "*kenon*": "empty/empty-handed/without anything" } } 4 { "verseID": "Mark.12.4", "source": "Καὶ πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἄλλον δοῦλον· κἀκεῖνον λιθοβολήσαντες, ἐκεφαλαίωσαν, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν ἠτιμωμένον.", "text": "And *palin* he-*apesteilen* *pros* them *allon* *doulon*; *kākeinon lithabolēsantes*, they-*ekephalaiōsan*, and *apesteilan* him *ētimōmenon*.", "grammar": { "*palin*": "adverb - again", "*apesteilen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sent", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*allon*": "accusative singular masculine adjective - another", "*doulon*": "accusative singular masculine - slave/servant", "*kākeinon*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun accusative singular masculine - and that one", "*lithabolēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine - having stoned", "*ekephalaiōsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - wounded in the head", "*apesteilan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - sent away", "*ētimōmenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculine - having been dishonored" }, "variants": { "*palin*": "again/once more", "*apesteilen*": "sent/dispatched", "*allon*": "another/different", "*doulon*": "slave/servant/bondservant", "*kākeinon*": "and that one/and him also", "*lithabolēsantes*": "having stoned/thrown stones at", "*ekephalaiōsan*": "wounded in the head/struck on the head/beat on the head", "*ētimōmenon*": "dishonored/insulted/treated shamefully" } } 5 { "verseID": "Mark.12.5", "source": "Καὶ πάλιν ἄλλον ἀπέστειλεν· κἀκεῖνον ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ πολλοὺς ἄλλους· τοὓς μὲν δέροντες, τοὺς δὲ ἀποκτέννοντες.", "text": "And *palin allon* he-*apesteilen*; *kākeinon apekteinan*, and *pollous allous*; *tous men derontes*, *tous de apoktennŏntes*.", "grammar": { "*palin*": "adverb - again", "*allon*": "accusative singular masculine adjective - another", "*apesteilen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sent", "*kākeinon*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun accusative singular masculine - and that one", "*apekteinan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - killed", "*pollous*": "accusative plural masculine adjective - many", "*allous*": "accusative plural masculine adjective - others", "*tous men*": "accusative plural masculine article + particle - some", "*derontes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - beating", "*tous de*": "accusative plural masculine article + particle - others", "*apoktennŏntes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - killing" }, "variants": { "*palin*": "again/once more", "*allon*": "another/different one", "*apesteilen*": "sent/dispatched", "*kākeinon*": "and that one/and him also", "*apekteinan*": "killed/murdered/put to death", "*pollous*": "many/numerous", "*allous*": "others/different ones", "*derontes*": "beating/flogging/striking", "*apoktennŏntes*": "killing/murdering/putting to death" } } 6 { "verseID": "Mark.12.6", "source": "Ἔτι οὖν ἕνα υἱὸν, ἔχων ἀγαπητὸν αὐτοῦ, ἀπέστειλεν καὶ αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔσχατον, λέγων, ὅτι Ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου.", "text": "*Eti oun hena huion*, *echōn agapēton* his, he-*apesteilen* also him *pros* them *eschaton*, *legōn*, that They-will-*entrapēsontai* the *huion* of-me.", "grammar": { "*Eti*": "adverb - still/yet", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*hena*": "accusative singular masculine numeral - one", "*huion*": "accusative singular masculine - son", "*echōn*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - having", "*agapēton*": "accusative singular masculine adjective - beloved", "*apesteilen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sent", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*eschaton*": "accusative singular masculine adverb/adjective - last", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - saying", "*entrapēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd plural - they will respect", "*huion*": "accusative singular masculine - son" }, "variants": { "*Eti*": "still/yet/furthermore", "*oun*": "therefore/then/so", "*hena*": "one/a single", "*huion*": "son/male descendant", "*echōn*": "having/possessing", "*agapēton*": "beloved/dear/cherished", "*apesteilen*": "sent/dispatched", "*eschaton*": "last/final/ultimate", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking", "*entrapēsontai*": "they will respect/they will reverence/they will show regard for" } } 7 { "verseID": "Mark.12.7", "source": "Ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οἱ γεωργοὶ εἶπον πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς, ὅτι Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος· δεῦτε, ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτόν, καὶ ἡμῶν ἔσται ἡ κληρονομία.", "text": "*Ekeinoi de hoi geōrgoi eipon pros heautous*, that *Houtos estin ho klēronomos*; *deute*, let-us-*apokteinōmen* him, and of-us *estai hē klēronomia*.", "grammar": { "*Ekeinoi*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative plural masculine - those", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*hoi geōrgoi*": "nominative plural masculine article + noun - the farmers", "*eipon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - said", "*pros heautous*": "preposition + accusative reflexive pronoun - to themselves", "*Houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine - this one", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*ho klēronomos*": "nominative singular masculine article + noun - the heir", "*deute*": "adverb/imperative - come!", "*apokteinōmen*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural - let us kill", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd singular - will be", "*hē klēronomia*": "nominative singular feminine article + noun - the inheritance" }, "variants": { "*Ekeinoi*": "those/those ones", "*geōrgoi*": "farmers/vinedressers/tenants", "*eipon*": "said/spoke/told", "*pros heautous*": "to themselves/among themselves", "*Houtos*": "this one/this man", "*klēronomos*": "heir/inheritor", "*deute*": "come!/come now!/come here!", "*apokteinōmen*": "let us kill/let us murder/let us put to death", "*klēronomia*": "inheritance/heritage" } } 8 { "verseID": "Mark.12.8", "source": "Καὶ λαβόντες αὐτόν, ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ ἐξέβαλον ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος.", "text": "And *labontes* him, they-*apekteinan*, and *exebalon* *exō* of-the *ampelōnos*.", "grammar": { "*labontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine - having taken/seized", "*apekteinan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - killed", "*exebalon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - cast out/threw out", "*exō*": "adverb - outside", "*ampelōnos*": "genitive singular masculine - vineyard" }, "variants": { "*labontes*": "having taken/seized/grabbed", "*apekteinan*": "killed/murdered/put to death", "*exebalon*": "cast out/threw out/expelled", "*exō*": "outside/out from", "*ampelōnos*": "vineyard/vine-field" } } 9 { "verseID": "Mark.12.9", "source": "Τί οὖν ποιήσει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος; ἐλεύσεται καὶ ἀπολέσει τοὺς γεωργούς, καὶ δώσει τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἄλλοις.", "text": "What *oun poiēsei ho kyrios tou ampelōnos*? He-will-*eleusetai* and *apolesei tous geōrgous*, and *dōsei ton ampelōna allois*.", "grammar": { "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*poiēsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will do", "*ho kyrios*": "nominative singular masculine article + noun - the lord/owner", "*tou ampelōnos*": "genitive singular masculine article + noun - of the vineyard", "*eleusetai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd singular - will come", "*apolesei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will destroy", "*tous geōrgous*": "accusative plural masculine article + noun - the farmers", "*dōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will give", "*ton ampelōna*": "accusative singular masculine article + noun - the vineyard", "*allois*": "dative plural masculine adjective - to others" }, "variants": { "*oun*": "therefore/then/so", "*poiēsei*": "will do/will make", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*ampelōnos*": "vineyard/vine-field", "*eleusetai*": "will come/will arrive", "*apolesei*": "will destroy/will eliminate/will kill", "*geōrgous*": "farmers/vinedressers/tenants", "*dōsei*": "will give/will grant", "*ampelōna*": "vineyard/vine-field", "*allois*": "to others/to different ones" } } 10 { "verseID": "Mark.12.10", "source": "Οὐδὲ τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην ἀνέγνωτε· Λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας:", "text": "Not-even *tēn graphēn tautēn anegnōte*; *Lithon hon apedokimasan hoi oikodomountes houtos egenēthē eis kephalēn gōnias*:", "grammar": { "*tēn graphēn*": "accusative singular feminine article + noun - the scripture", "*tautēn*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative singular feminine - this", "*anegnōte*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - you have read", "*Lithon*": "accusative singular masculine - stone", "*hon*": "relative pronoun, accusative singular masculine - which", "*apedokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - rejected", "*hoi oikodomountes*": "nominative plural masculine article + present active participle - the builders", "*houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine - this one", "*egenēthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - became", "*eis kephalēn*": "preposition + accusative singular feminine - into head", "*gōnias*": "genitive singular feminine - of corner" }, "variants": { "*graphēn*": "scripture/writing", "*tautēn*": "this/this one", "*anegnōte*": "you have read/you read", "*Lithon*": "stone/rock", "*apedokimasan*": "rejected/disapproved/refused", "*oikodomountes*": "builders/those building", "*houtos*": "this one/this/this same", "*egenēthē*": "became/was made/has become", "*kephalēn*": "head/chief part", "*gōnias*": "corner/angle" } } 11 { "verseID": "Mark.12.11", "source": "Παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν;", "text": "*Para Kyriou egeneto hautē*, and *estin thaumastē en ophthalmois* of-us?", "grammar": { "*Para*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*Kyriou*": "genitive singular masculine - Lord", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - became/was done", "*hautē*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular feminine - this", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*thaumastē*": "nominative singular feminine adjective - marvelous", "*en ophthalmois*": "preposition + dative plural masculine - in eyes" }, "variants": { "*Para*": "from/by/with", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/the LORD", "*egeneto*": "became/was done/happened", "*hautē*": "this/this thing", "*thaumastē*": "marvelous/wonderful/amazing", "*ophthalmois*": "eyes/sight" } } 12 { "verseID": "Mark.12.12", "source": "Καὶ ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν κρατῆσαι, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν ὄχλον: ἔγνωσαν γὰρ ὅτι πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν εἶπεν: καὶ ἀφέντες αὐτὸν, ἀπῆλθον.", "text": "And they-were-*ezētoun* him *kratēsai*, and they-*ephobēthēsan ton ochlon*: for they-*egnōsan* that *pros* them *tēn parabolēn eipen*: and *aphentes* him, they-*apēlthon*.", "grammar": { "*ezētoun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were seeking", "*kratēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to seize", "*ephobēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural - feared", "*ton ochlon*": "accusative singular masculine article + noun - the crowd", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*egnōsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - knew/realized", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - toward/against", "*tēn parabolēn*": "accusative singular feminine article + noun - the parable", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - spoke", "*aphentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine - having left", "*apēlthon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - departed" }, "variants": { "*ezētoun*": "were seeking/were trying/were wanting", "*kratēsai*": "to seize/to arrest/to take hold of", "*ephobēthēsan*": "feared/were afraid of", "*ochlon*": "crowd/multitude", "*egnōsan*": "knew/understood/realized", "*pros*": "toward/against/concerning", "*parabolēn*": "parable/comparison/analogy", "*eipen*": "spoke/said/told", "*aphentes*": "having left/having abandoned", "*apēlthon*": "departed/went away/left" } }
• 1 Pet 1:18-19 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.18", "source": "Εἰδότες ὅτι οὐ φθαρτοῖς, ἀργυρίῳ ἢ χρυσίῳ, ἐλυτρώθητε ἐκ τῆς ματαίας ὑμῶν ἀναστροφῆς πατροπαραδότου·", "text": "*Eidotes* that not with *phthartois*, *argyriō* or *chrysiō*, you were *elytrōthēte* from the *mataias* of you *anastrophēs* *patroparadotou*;", "grammar": { "*Eidotes*": "perfect, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - causal", "*phthartois*": "dative, neuter, plural - means/instrument", "*argyriō*": "dative, neuter, singular - apposition", "*chrysiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - apposition", "*elytrōthēte*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 2nd person, plural - completed action", "*mataias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - attributive", "*anastrophēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - separation", "*patroparadotou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - attributive" }, "variants": { "*Eidotes*": "knowing/having known/being aware", "*phthartois*": "perishable things/corruptible items", "*argyriō*": "silver/silver coin", "*chrysiō*": "gold/golden object", "*elytrōthēte*": "were ransomed/redeemed/freed by payment", "*mataias*": "futile/empty/worthless", "*anastrophēs*": "way of life/conduct/behavior", "*patroparadotou*": "inherited from fathers/handed down by tradition/passed down from ancestors" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.19", "source": "Ἀλλὰ τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ, ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου Χριστοῦ:", "text": "But with *timiō* *haimati* as of *amnou*, *amōmou* and *aspilou* *Christou*:", "grammar": { "*timiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - means/instrument", "*haimati*": "dative, neuter, singular - means/instrument", "*amnou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - comparison", "*amōmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - attributive", "*aspilou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - attributive", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - apposition/identification" }, "variants": { "*timiō*": "precious/valuable/costly", "*haimati*": "blood/bloodshed", "*amnou*": "lamb/sheep", "*amōmou*": "unblemished/without defect/flawless", "*aspilou*": "spotless/unstained/without blemish", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One" } }
• Exod 21:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.30", "source": "אִם־כֹּפֶר יוּשַׁת עָלָיו וְנָתַן פִּדְיֹן נַפְשׁוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יוּשַׁת עָלָיו", "text": "*ʾim-kōpher* *yûshat* *ʿālāyw* *wə-nātan* *pidyōn* *naphshô* *kə-kōl* *ʾasher-yûshat* *ʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*kōpher*": "masculine singular noun - ransom", "*yûshat*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is laid", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*wə-nātan*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - then he shall give", "*pidyōn*": "masculine singular construct noun - redemption of", "*naphshô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life", "*kə-kōl*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun - according to all", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that", "*yûshat*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is laid", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him" }, "variants": { "*kōpher*": "ransom/atonement payment/redemption price", "*yûshat*": "is laid/is imposed/is set", "*pidyōn naphshô*": "redemption of his life/ransom for his soul" } }
• Judg 9:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Judges.9.7", "source": "וַיַּגִּדוּ לְיוֹתָם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲמֹד בְּרֹאשׁ הַר־גְּרִזִים וַיִּשָּׂא קוֹלוֹ וַיִּקְרָא וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם שִׁמְעוּ אֵלַי בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְיִשְׁמַע אֲלֵיכֶם אֱלֹהִים", "text": "*wa-yaggidû* *lə-yôtām* *wa-yēlek* *wa-yaʿămōd* *bə-rōʾš* *har*-*gərizzîm* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *qôlô* *wa-yiqrāʾ* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāhem* *šimʿû* *ʾēlay* *baʿălê* *šəkem* *wə-yišmaʿ* *ʾălêkem* *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaggidû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they told", "*lə-yôtām*": "preposition with proper noun - to Jotham", "*wa-yēlek*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he went", "*wa-yaʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he stood", "*bə-rōʾš*": "preposition with construct noun, masculine singular - on top of", "*har*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mountain of", "*gərizzîm*": "proper noun - Gerizim", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he lifted", "*qôlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his voice", "*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he called", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them", "*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - listen", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - to me", "*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of", "*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem", "*wə-yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with conjunction - and may he listen", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - to you", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiśśāʾ* *qôlô*": "lifted up his voice (idiom for speaking loudly)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.9.8", "source": "הָלוֹךְ הָלְכוּ הָעֵצִים לִמְשֹׁחַ עֲלֵיהֶם מֶלֶךְ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לַזַּיִת מָלְכָה עָלֵינוּ", "text": "*hālôk* *hāləkû* *hā-ʿēṣîm* *li-mšōaḥ* *ʿălêhem* *melek* *wa-yōʾmərû* *la-zzayit* *molkāh* *ʿālênû*", "grammar": { "*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*hāləkû*": "Qal perfect 3cp - they went", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees", "*li-mšōaḥ*": "preposition with Qal infinitive construct - to anoint", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - over themselves", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they said", "*la-zzayit*": "preposition with article and noun, masculine singular - to the olive tree", "*molkāh*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - rule (textual variant)", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1cp suffix - over us" }, "variants": { "*hālôk* *hāləkû*": "emphatic construction: certainly went/surely went", "*la-zzayit*": "to the olive tree/olive tree", "*molkāh*": "alternative form of the imperative feminine singular - reign/rule" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.9.9", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַזַּיִת הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־דִּשְׁנִי אֲשֶׁר־בִּי יְכַבְּדוּ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִים", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *lāhem* *ha-zzayit* *heḥodalti* *ʾet*-*dišnî* *ʾăšer*-*bî* *yəkabbədû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-ʾănāšîm* *wə-hālaktî* *lānûaʿ* *ʿal*-*hā-ʿēṣîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them", "*ha-zzayit*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the olive tree", "*heḥodalti*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I have ceased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dišnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1cs possessive suffix - my fatness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - in me/by me", "*yəkabbədû*": "Piel imperfect 3mp - they honor", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*wa-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction with noun, masculine plural - and men", "*wə-hālaktî*": "conjunction with Qal perfect 1cs - and I should go", "*lānûaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sway/wave", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees" }, "variants": { "*heḥodalti*": "I have ceased/should I cease/would I stop", "*dišnî*": "my fatness/my oil/my richness", "*yəkabbədû*": "they honor/glorify/respect" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.9.10", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָעֵצִים לַתְּאֵנָה לְכִי־אַתְּ מָלְכִי עָלֵינוּ", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *hā-ʿēṣîm* *la-ttəʾēnāh* *ləkî*-*ʾatt* *molkî* *ʿālênû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they said", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees", "*la-ttəʾēnāh*": "preposition with article and noun, feminine singular - to the fig tree", "*ləkî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - come/go", "*ʾatt*": "2fs personal pronoun - you", "*molkî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - rule", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1cp suffix - over us" }, "variants": { "*ləkî*-*ʾatt*": "you come/come, you" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.9.11", "source": "וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַתְּאֵנָה הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־מָתְקִי וְאֶת־תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֹבָה וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִים", "text": "*wa-tōʾmer* *lāhem* *ha-ttəʾēnāh* *heḥodalti* *ʾet*-*motqî* *wə-ʾet*-*tənûbātî* *ha-ṭṭôbāh* *wə-hālaktî* *lānûaʿ* *ʿal*-*hā-ʿēṣîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3fs with waw consecutive - and she said", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them", "*ha-ttəʾēnāh*": "article with noun, feminine singular - the fig tree", "*heḥodalti*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I have ceased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*motqî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1cs possessive suffix - my sweetness", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction with direct object marker - and", "*tənûbātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1cs possessive suffix - my fruit", "*ha-ṭṭôbāh*": "article with adjective, feminine singular - the good", "*wə-hālaktî*": "conjunction with Qal perfect 1cs - and I should go", "*lānûaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sway/wave", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees" }, "variants": { "*heḥodalti*": "I have ceased/should I cease/would I stop", "*motqî*": "my sweetness/my good taste", "*tənûbātî*": "my fruit/my produce" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.9.12", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ הָעֵצִים לַגָּפֶן לְכִי־אַתְּ מָלְכִי עָלֵינוּ", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *hā-ʿēṣîm* *la-ggāpen* *ləkî*-*ʾatt* *molkî* *ʿālênû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they said", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees", "*la-ggāpen*": "preposition with article and noun, feminine singular - to the vine", "*ləkî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - come/go", "*ʾatt*": "2fs personal pronoun - you", "*molkî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - rule", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1cp suffix - over us" }, "variants": { "*la-ggāpen*": "to the vine/grapevine" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.9.13", "source": "וַתֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַגֶּפֶן הֶחֳדַלְתִּי אֶת־תִּירוֹשִׁי הַמְשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים וְהָלַכְתִּי לָנוּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִים", "text": "*wa-tōʾmer* *lāhem* *ha-ggepen* *heḥodalti* *ʾet*-*tîrôšî* *ha-məśammēaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-ʾănāšîm* *wə-hālaktî* *lānûaʿ* *ʿal*-*hā-ʿēṣîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3fs with waw consecutive - and she said", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them", "*ha-ggepen*": "article with noun, feminine singular - the vine", "*heḥodalti*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I have ceased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*tîrôšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1cs possessive suffix - my new wine", "*ha-məśammēaḥ*": "article with Piel participle, masculine singular - the gladdening", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*wa-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction with noun, masculine plural - and men", "*wə-hālaktî*": "conjunction with Qal perfect 1cs - and I should go", "*lānûaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sway/wave", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees" }, "variants": { "*tîrôšî*": "my new wine/my fresh wine/my juice", "*ha-məśammēaḥ*": "that cheers/that makes glad/that brings joy to" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.9.14", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ כָל־הָעֵצִים אֶל־הָאָטָד לֵךְ אַתָּה מְלָךְ־עָלֵינוּ", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *kol*-*hā-ʿēṣîm* *ʾel*-*hā-ʾāṭād* *lēk* *ʾattāh* *məlok*-*ʿālênû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they said", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾāṭād*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the bramble/thornbush", "*lēk*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - come/go", "*ʾattāh*": "2ms personal pronoun - you", "*məlok*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - rule", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1cp suffix - over us" }, "variants": { "*hā-ʾāṭād*": "the bramble/thornbush/buckthorn" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.9.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר הָאָטָד אֶל־הָעֵצִים אִם בֶּאֱמֶת אַתֶּם מֹשְׁחִים אֹתִי לְמֶלֶךְ עֲלֵיכֶם בֹּאוּ חֲסוּ בְצִלִּי וְאִם־אַיִן תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִן־הָאָטָד וְתֹאכַל אֶת־אַרְזֵי הַלְּבָנוֹן", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *hā-ʾāṭād* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿēṣîm* *ʾim* *be-ʾĕmet* *ʾattem* *mōšḥîm* *ʾōtî* *lə-melek* *ʿălêkem* *bōʾû* *ḥăsû* *bə-ṣillî* *wə-ʾim*-*ʾayin* *tēṣēʾ* *ʾēš* *min*-*hā-ʾāṭād* *wə-tōʾkal* *ʾet*-*ʾarzê* *ha-lləbānôn*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he said", "*hā-ʾāṭād*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the bramble/thornbush", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*be-ʾĕmet*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - in truth", "*ʾattem*": "2mp personal pronoun - you", "*mōšḥîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - anointing", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker with 1cs suffix - me", "*lə-melek*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - as king", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - over you", "*bōʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*ḥăsû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - take refuge", "*bə-ṣillî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 1cs suffix - in my shadow", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction with conjunction - and if", "*ʾayin*": "adverb of negation - not", "*tēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3fs - let come out", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*hā-ʾāṭād*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the bramble/thornbush", "*wə-tōʾkal*": "conjunction with Qal imperfect 3fs - and let it devour", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾarzê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - cedars of", "*ha-lləbānôn*": "article with proper noun - the Lebanon" }, "variants": { "*be-ʾĕmet*": "in truth/truly/sincerely", "*ḥăsû* *bə-ṣillî*": "take refuge in my shadow/seek protection under me", "*ʾarzê* *ha-lləbānôn*": "cedars of Lebanon (idiom for mighty trees/powerful entities)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.9.16", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֤ת וּבְתָמִים֙ עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם וַתַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וְאִם־טוֹבָ֤ה עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ עִם־יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאִם־כִּגְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו עֲשִׂ֥יתֶם לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʿattâ* if in-*ʾemet* and-in-*tāmîm* you-*ʿăśîtem*, and-*tamlikû* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîmelek*, and-if-*ṭôbâ* you-*ʿăśîtem* with-*yĕrubbaʿal* and-with-*bêtô*, and-if-according-to-*gĕmûl* *yādāyw* you-*ʿăśîtem* to-him.", "grammar": { "*ʿattâ*": "temporal adverb - now", "*ʾemet*": "feminine noun, singular - truth", "*tāmîm*": "masculine noun, singular - completeness/integrity", "*ʿăśîtem*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have done/acted", "*tamlikû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - you made king/crowned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun - Abimelech", "*ṭôbâ*": "feminine adjective, singular - good/goodness", "*yĕrubbaʿal*": "proper noun - Jerubbaal (Gideon)", "*bêtô*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 'his house'", "*gĕmûl*": "masculine noun, singular - dealing/treatment/reward", "*yādāyw*": "noun, dual with pronominal suffix, 'his hands'" }, "variants": { "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*tāmîm*": "integrity/completeness/uprightness/innocence", "*ʿăśîtem*": "you did/acted/performed/made", "*tamlikû*": "you made king/enthroned/crowned", "*ṭôbâ*": "good thing/goodness/benefit/welfare", "*gĕmûl*": "reward/recompense/treatment/dealing" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.9.17", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־נִלְחַ֥ם אָבִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃", "text": "Who *nilḥam* my-father *ʿălêkem*, and-*yaššlēk* *ʾet*-*napšô* from-*negged*, and-*yaṣṣēl* you from-*yad* *midyān*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*nilḥam*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - fought", "*ʾābî*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 1st person singular - my father", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for/on behalf of you", "*yaššlēk*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - cast/threw", "*napšô*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his soul/life", "*negged*": "preposition - in front/opposite/before", "*yaṣṣēl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - delivered/rescued", "*yad*": "feminine noun, construct state - hand of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian" }, "variants": { "*nilḥam*": "fought/waged war", "*yaššlēk*": "cast/threw/flung/risked", "*napšô*": "his soul/his life/himself", "*negged*": "in front/before/opposite/facing danger", "*yaṣṣēl*": "delivered/rescued/saved", "*yad*": "hand/power/control" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.9.18", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֞ם קַמְתֶּ֨ם עַל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וַתַּהַרְג֧וּ אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל־אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַתַּמְלִ֜יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲמָתוֹ֙ עַל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֲחִיכֶ֖ם הֽוּא׃", "text": "And-you *qamtem* against-*bêt* my-father *hayyôm*, and-*tahargû* *ʾet*-*bānāyw* seventy *ʾîš* upon-*ʾeben* one, and-*tamlikû* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîmelek* son-of-*ʾămātô* over-*baʿălê* *šekem* because your-brother he.", "grammar": { "*qamtem*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - rose/stood up against", "*bêt*": "noun, construct state - house of", "*ʾābî*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 1st person singular - my father", "*hayyôm*": "noun with definite article - the day/today", "*tahargû*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - killed/slew", "*bānāyw*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his sons", "*šibʿîm*": "number - seventy", "*ʾîš*": "masculine noun, singular - man/person", "*ʾeben*": "feminine noun, singular - stone", "*ʾeḥāt*": "number, feminine singular - one", "*tamlikû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - made king", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun - Abimelech", "*ben*": "masculine noun, construct state - son of", "*ʾămātô*": "feminine noun with pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his maidservant", "*baʿălê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - lords/masters/citizens of", "*šekem*": "proper noun - Shechem", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for/that", "*ʾăḥîkem*": "masculine noun with pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine plural - your brother" }, "variants": { "*qamtem*": "rose up against/rebelled against/attacked", "*bêt*": "house/household/family", "*tahargû*": "killed/slew/murdered", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*tamlikû*": "made king/enthroned/crowned", "*ʾămātô*": "his maidservant/slave woman/concubine", "*baʿălê*": "lords of/citizens of/men of" } } 19 { "verseID": "Judges.9.19", "source": "וְאִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֨ת וּבְתָמִ֧ים עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־יְרֻבַּ֥עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֖וֹ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְיִשְׂמַ֥ח גַּם־ה֖וּא בָּכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-if in-*ʾemet* and-in-*tāmîm* you-*ʿăśîtem* with-*yĕrubbaʿal* and-with-*bêtô* *hayyôm* *hazzeh*, *śimḥû* in-*ʾăbîmelek* and-*yiśmaḥ* also-he in-you.", "grammar": { "*ʾemet*": "feminine noun, singular - truth", "*tāmîm*": "masculine noun, singular - completeness/integrity", "*ʿăśîtem*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have done/acted", "*yĕrubbaʿal*": "proper noun - Jerubbaal (Gideon)", "*bêtô*": "noun with pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his house", "*hayyôm*": "noun with definite article - the day", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun with definite article - this", "*śimḥû*": "verb, Qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - rejoice", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun - Abimelech", "*yiśmaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rejoice", "*gam*": "particle - also/too/even", "*hûʾ*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he" }, "variants": { "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*tāmîm*": "integrity/completeness/uprightness/innocence", "*ʿăśîtem*": "you did/acted/performed/made", "*śimḥû*": "rejoice/be glad/celebrate", "*yiśmaḥ*": "he will rejoice/be glad/celebrate" } } 20 { "verseID": "Judges.9.20", "source": "וְאִם־אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מֵאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְתֹאכַ֛ל אֶת־בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֑וֹא וְתֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִבַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וּמִבֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And-if-*ʾayin* *tēṣēʾ* *ʾēš* from-*ʾăbîmelek* and-*tōʾkal* *ʾet*-*baʿălê* *šekem* and-*ʾet*-*bêt* *millôʾ*, and-*tēṣēʾ* *ʾēš* from-*baʿălê* *šekem* and-from-*bêt* *millôʾ* and-*tōʾkal* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîmelek*.", "grammar": { "*ʾayin*": "adverb of negation - not/no/none", "*tēṣēʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will come out/go forth", "*ʾēš*": "feminine noun, singular - fire", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun - Abimelech", "*tōʾkal*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will consume/devour", "*baʿălê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - lords/masters/citizens of", "*šekem*": "proper noun - Shechem", "*bêt*": "noun, construct state - house of", "*millôʾ*": "proper noun - Millo (a place)", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*ʾayin*": "not/if not/otherwise", "*tēṣēʾ*": "will come out/go forth/emerge", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*tōʾkal*": "will consume/devour/destroy", "*baʿălê*": "lords of/citizens of/men of", "*bêt*": "house of/place of/fortress of" } }
• 2 Sam 12:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.1", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ YHWH* *ʾet-nātān* *ʾel-dāwid* *wə-yābōʾ* to-him *wə-yōʾmer* to-him, *šənê ʾănāšîm hāyû* in-*ʿîr* one, one *ʿāšîr* *wə-ʾeḥād rāʾš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh, the LORD", "*ʾet-nātān*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nathan (literally: 'the one who gives')", "*ʾel-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šənê*": "cardinal number, construct state - two of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - men", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular - city", "*ʿāšîr*": "adjective, masculine singular - rich", "*wə-ʾeḥād*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and one", "*rāʾš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor" }, "variants": { "*ʾet-nātān*": "Nathan (lit: 'gift', 'the one who gives')", "*rāʾš*": "poor/impoverished/destitute" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.2", "source": "לְעָשִׁ֗יר הָיָ֛ה צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד", "text": "To-*ʿāšîr hāyāh ṣōʾn û-bāqār harbēh məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*lə-ʿāšîr*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - to/for the rich man", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/had", "*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, collective singular - flock/sheep", "*û-bāqār*": "conjunction + common noun, collective singular - and cattle/herd", "*harbēh*": "adverb - much/many", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock", "*bāqār*": "cattle/oxen/herd", "*harbēh məʾōd*": "very many/exceedingly numerous" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.3", "source": "וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת", "text": "*wə-lārāš ʾên-kōl kî ʾim-kibśāh ʾaḥat qəṭannāh ʾăšer qānāh wə-yəḥayyehā wə-tigdal ʿimmô wə-ʿim-bānāyw yaḥdāw; mi-pittô tōʾkal û-mi-kōsô tišteh û-bə-ḥêqô tiškāb wə-təhî-lô kə-bat*", "grammar": { "*wə-lārāš*": "conjunction + preposition + adjective, masculine singular - and to the poor man", "*ʾên-kōl*": "particle of negation + noun - there was nothing at all", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction phrase - except", "*kibśāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - ewe lamb", "*ʾaḥat*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - one", "*qəṭannāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - small/little", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*qānāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had bought/acquired", "*wə-yəḥayyehā*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + suffix 3rd feminine singular - and he nourished/kept her alive", "*wə-tigdal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she grew up", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + suffix 3rd masculine singular - with him", "*wə-ʿim-bānāyw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and with his sons/children", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*mi-pittô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - from his morsel/piece", "*tōʾkal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she would eat", "*û-mi-kōsô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and from his cup", "*tišteh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she would drink", "*û-bə-ḥêqô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and in his bosom/lap", "*tiškāb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she would lie down", "*wə-təhî-lô*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + preposition + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and she was to him", "*kə-bat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like a daughter" }, "variants": { "*ʾên-kōl*": "nothing at all/nothing whatsoever", "*kibśāh*": "ewe lamb/female lamb", "*yəḥayyehā*": "nourished her/kept her alive/raised her", "*ḥêqô*": "bosom/lap/embrace", "*kə-bat*": "like a daughter/as a daughter" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.4", "source": "וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֽ͏ֶעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו", "text": "*wə-yābōʾ hēlek lə-ʾîš he-ʿāšîr wə-yaḥmōl lāqaḥat mi-ṣṣōʾnô û-mi-bbəqārô la-ʿăśôt lā-ʾōrēaḥ ha-bāʾ-lô wə-yiqqaḥ ʾet-kibśat hā-ʾîš hā-rāʾš wə-yaʿăśehā lā-ʾîš ha-bāʾ ʾēlāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and came", "*hēlek*": "noun, masculine singular - traveler/guest", "*lə-ʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to/for man of", "*he-ʿāšîr*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the rich", "*wə-yaḥmōl*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spared/refrained", "*lāqaḥat*": "Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*mi-ṣṣōʾnô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - from his flock", "*û-mi-bbəqārô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and from his herd", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to prepare/make", "*lā-ʾōrēaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for the traveler", "*ha-bāʾ-lô*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular + preposition + suffix 3rd masculine singular - the one coming to him", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾet-kibśat*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the ewe lamb of", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*hā-rāʾš*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the poor", "*wə-yaʿăśehā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + suffix 3rd feminine singular - and he prepared it", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for the man", "*ha-bāʾ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one coming", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + suffix 3rd masculine singular - to him" }, "variants": { "*hēlek*": "traveler/wanderer/visitor/guest", "*yaḥmōl*": "spared/refrained/was unwilling", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "to prepare/to make ready/to cook", "*ʾōrēaḥ*": "traveler/guest/visitor", "*yaʿăśehā*": "prepared it/cooked it/made it ready" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.5", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד בָּאִ֖ישׁ מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חַי־יְהוָ֕ה כִּ֣י בֶן־מָ֔וֶת הָאִ֖ישׁ הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה זֹֽאת", "text": "*wə-yiḥar-ʾap dāwid bā-ʾîš məʾōd wə-yōʾmer ʾel-nātān ḥay-YHWH kî ben-māwet hā-ʾîš hā-ʿōśeh zōʾt*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḥar-ʾap*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + noun, masculine singular construct - and burned the anger of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - against the man", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾel-nātān*": "preposition + proper noun - to Nathan", "*ḥay-YHWH*": "adjective, masculine singular construct + divine name - as YHWH lives", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/surely", "*ben-māwet*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - son of death/deserving death", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*hā-ʿōśeh*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one doing", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar-ʾap*": "his anger burned/he became very angry", "*ḥay-YHWH*": "as YHWH lives/by the life of YHWH (oath formula)", "*ben-māwet*": "deserving death/worthy of death/condemned to die" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.6", "source": "וְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם עֵ֗קֶב אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָמָֽל", "text": "*wə-ʾet-ha-kibśāh yəšallēm ʾarbaʿtāyim ʿēqeb ʾăšer ʿāśāh ʾet-ha-dābār ha-zeh wə-ʿal ʾăšer lōʾ-ḥāmāl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-kibśāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the ewe lamb", "*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall repay/restore", "*ʾarbaʿtāyim*": "adverb - fourfold", "*ʿēqeb*": "conjunction/preposition - because", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*ʾet-ha-dābār*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/deed", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and because", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that", "*lōʾ-ḥāmāl*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did not spare/pity" }, "variants": { "*yəšallēm*": "shall repay/restore/compensate", "*ʾarbaʿtāyim*": "fourfold/four times as much", "*ʿēqeb*": "because/as a consequence of", "*dābār*": "thing/deed/matter/word", "*ḥāmāl*": "spare/pity/have compassion" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר נָתָ֛ן אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד אַתָּ֣ה הָאִ֑ישׁ כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י מְשַׁחְתִּ֤יךָֽ לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֥י הִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָ מִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer nātān ʾel-dāwid ʾattāh hā-ʾîš kōh-ʾāmar YHWH ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl ʾānōkî məšaḥtîkā lə-melek ʿal-yiśrāʾēl wə-ʾānōkî hiṣṣaltîkā mi-yad šāʾûl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*nātān*": "proper noun - Nathan", "*ʾel-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*ʾattāh*": "personal pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I", "*məšaḥtîkā*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular + suffix 2nd masculine singular - I anointed you", "*lə-melek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - as king", "*ʿal-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - over Israel", "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st common singular - and I", "*hiṣṣaltîkā*": "Hiphil perfect 1st common singular + suffix 2nd masculine singular - I delivered you", "*mi-yad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul" }, "variants": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "thus says/this is what says (prophetic formula)", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*ʾānōkî*": "emphatic form of 'I'", "*məšaḥtîkā*": "anointed you/consecrated you", "*hiṣṣaltîkā*": "delivered you/rescued you/saved you", "*mi-yad*": "from the hand of/from the power of" } }
• 2 Sam 14:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.14.5", "source": "וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־לָּ֑ךְ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲבָ֛ל אִשָּֽׁה־אַלְמָנָ֥ה אָ֖נִי וַיָּ֥מָת אִישִֽׁי׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* to her the *melek* what [is] to you and *ʾāmar* *ʾăbāl* *ʾiššâ-ʾalmānâ* *ʾănî* and *mûṯ* *ʾîš* my.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - said (first occurrence); qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - said (second occurrence)", "*ʾăbāl*": "adverb - truly/indeed", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mûṯ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - died", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - king", "*ʾiššâ-ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct + adjective - widow woman", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - husband/man" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbāl*": "truly/indeed/certainly", "*ʾalmānâ*": "widow/desolate" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.14.6", "source": "וּלְשִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים וַיִּנָּצ֤וּ שְׁנֵיהֶם֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל בֵּֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּכּ֧וֹ הָאֶחָ֛ד אֶת־הָאֶחָ֖ד וַיָּ֥מֶת אֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And to *šipḥâ* your [were] two *bānîm* and *nāṣâ* two of them in the *śādeh* and there [was] no *maṣṣîl* between them and *nākâ* the one [direct object marker] the one and *mûṯ* [direct object marker] him.", "grammar": { "*nāṣâ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + waw consecutive - fought/quarreled", "*nākâ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - struck", "*mûṯ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - caused to die/killed", "*šipḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - maidservant", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - field", "*maṣṣîl*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - deliverer/one who saves", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular with definite article - one", "*ʾoṯô*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him" }, "variants": { "*šipḥâ*": "maidservant/handmaid/female slave", "*nāṣâ*": "fought/quarreled/struggled", "*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who separates", "*nākâ*": "struck/hit/attacked", "*mûṯ*": "killed/put to death" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.14.7", "source": "וְהִנֵּה֩ קָ֨מָה כָֽל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֜ה עַל־שִׁפְחָתֶ֗ךָ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ תְּנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־מַכֵּ֣ה אָחִ֗יו וּנְמִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ אָחִיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָרָ֔ג וְנַשְׁמִ֖ידָה גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַיּוֹרֵ֑שׁ וְכִבּ֗וּ אֶת־גַּֽחַלְתִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאָ֔רָה לְבִלְתִּ֧י שִׂים־לְאִישִׁ֛י שֵׁ֥ם וּשְׁאֵרִ֖ית עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *hinnēh* *qûm* all the *mišpāḥâ* against *šipḥâ* your and *ʾāmar* give [direct object marker] *nākâ* [of] *ʾāḥ* his and we will *mûṯ* him for *nepeš* [of] *ʾāḥ* his who he *hārag* and we will *šāmad* also [direct object marker] the *yôrēš* and they *kābâ* [direct object marker] *gaḥelet* my which *šāʾar* to not *śîm* to *ʾîš* my *šēm* and *šəʾērîṯ* on *pānîm* [of] the *ʾădāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*qûm*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - rose up/stood", "*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + waw consecutive - said", "*mûṯ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st common plural + paragogic he - we will put to death", "*hārag*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - killed/slew", "*šāmad*": "hiphil imperfect 1st common plural + paragogic he - we will destroy", "*kābâ*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural + waw consecutive - extinguished", "*šāʾar*": "niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - remained/was left", "*śîm*": "qal infinitive construct - to put/place", "*mišpāḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - family/clan", "*šipḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - maidservant", "*nākâ*": "hiphil participle masculine singular construct - one who strikes", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - brother", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - life/soul", "*yôrēš*": "qal participle masculine singular with definite article - heir", "*gaḥelet*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - coal/ember", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - husband/man", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant/remainder", "*pānîm*": "noun, common plural construct - face/surface", "*ʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - ground/land" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "rose up/stood up/arose against", "*mûṯ*": "put to death/kill", "*hārag*": "killed/slew/murdered", "*šāmad*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate", "*kābâ*": "extinguished/quenched", "*gaḥelet*": "coal/ember/burning coal (metaphor for lineage/family continuation)", "*šāʾar*": "remained/was left/survived", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/memory", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "remnant/remainder/survivor" } }
• 1 Kgs 20:42 : 42 { "verseID": "1 Kings.20.42", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֛עַן שִׁלַּ֥חְתָּ אֶת־אִישׁ־חֶרְמִ֖י מִיָּ֑ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְעַמְּךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʾamar* to-him, \"Thus *ʾamar* *YHWH*, because *shalaḥta* *ʾet*-*ʾish*-*ḥermi* from-hand, and *hayetah* *nepheshka* under his *nephesh*, and your *ʿam* under his *ʿam*.\"", "grammar": { "*ʾamar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*shalaḥta*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have sent away/released", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾish*": "common masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥermi*": "common masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my ban/devotion", "*hayetah*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - will be", "*nepheshka*": "common feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life/soul", "*nephesh*": "common feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life/soul", "*ʿam*": "common masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*ʾamar*": "to say/speak/declare", "*shalaḥta*": "you have sent away/let go/released", "*ʾish-ḥermi*": "man of my ban/man devoted to destruction/man under my divine judgment", "*nephesh*": "life/soul/person/being", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk" } }