Verse 13

{ "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.13", "source": "וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-also against-the-*melek* *nəbûkadneʾṣṣar* he-*mārad* who *hišbîʿô* by-*ʾĕlōhîm* and *wayyeqeš* *ʾet*-his-*ʿorepô* and *wayĕʾammēṣ* *ʾet*-his-*lĕbābô* from-*šûb* to-*yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*nəbûkadneʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*mārad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he rebelled", "*hišbîʿô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he made him swear", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with preposition - by God", "*wayyeqeš*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he stiffened", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿorepô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neck", "*wayĕʾammēṣ*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he hardened", "*lĕbābô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*šûb*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - from turning", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mārad*": "rebelled/revolted/was insubordinate", "*hišbîʿô*": "made him swear/put him under oath/caused him to take an oath", "*wayyeqeš*": "stiffened/hardened/made obstinate", "*wayĕʾammēṣ*": "hardened/strengthened/made stubborn" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge troskap til Gud. Han var hardnakket og forherdet, og vende seg ikke til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge ved Gud. Men han stivnet i nakken og forherdet sitt hjerte fra å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Norsk King James

  Og han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å sverge ved Gud; men han stivnet sin nakke og hardnet sitt hjerte mot å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge troskap ved Gud. Han gjorde nakken sin stiv og hjertet hardt, og han ville ikke omvende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar som hadde latt ham sverge troskap ved Gud. Han var stivnakket og forherdet sitt hjerte, slik at han ikke vendte om til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å sverge ved Gud. Men han ble stivnakka og forherdet sitt hjerte fra å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnezar, som hadde fått ham til å avlegge ed ved Gud; men han stivnet nakken og herdnet sitt hjerte mot å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å sverge ved Gud. Men han ble stivnakka og forherdet sitt hjerte fra å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge ved Gud. Han gjorde nakken stiv og sitt hjerte hardt, så han ikke vendte tilbake til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge ved Gud. Han stivnet i nakken og forherdet sitt hjerte så han ikke vendte om til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Tilmed faldt han og af fra Kong Nebucadnezar, som havde ladet ham sværge ved Gud, og han forhærdede sin Nakke og stivgjorde sit Hjerte, og vilde ikke omvende sig til Herren, Israels Gud.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å sverge ved Gud. Men han gjorde nakken stiv og forherdet sitt hjerte, så han ikke vendte seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart from turning to the LORD God of Israel.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å sverge ved Gud; men han stivnet i nakken og forherdet sitt hjerte mot å vende tilbake til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde latt ham sverge ved Gud. Han var stivnakket og hardhjertet mot å vende tilbake til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Han gjorde også opprør mot kong Nebukadnesar, som hadde fått ham til å avlegge ed ved Gud, men han stivnet i nakken og forherdet sitt hjerte mot å vende seg til Herren, Israels Gud.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Han reiste seg mot kong Nebukadnesar, selv om han hadde latt ham sverge ed ved Gud; men han gjorde nakken stiv og hjertet hardt, og vendte seg bort fra Herren, Israels Gud.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  He fell awaye also from Nabuchodonosor the kynge of Babilon (which had taken an ooth of him by God) and was styfnecked, and hardened his hert, that he shulde not conuerte vnto the LORDE God of Israel.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But he rebelled moreouer against Nebuchadnezzar, which had caused him to sweare by God: and he hardened his necke and made his heart obstinate that he might not returne to the Lorde God of Israel.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he rebelled against king Nabuchodonosor, which had receaued an oth of him by God: but he was stifnecked, and to hard hearted to turne vnto the Lord God of Israel.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh, the God of Israel.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and also, against king Nebuchadnezzar he hath rebelled, who had caused him to swear by God, and he hardeneth his neck, and strengtheneth his heart, against turning back unto Jehovah, God of Israel.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning unto Jehovah, the God of Israel.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he took up arms against King Nebuchadnezzar, though he had made him take an oath by God; but he made his neck stiff and his heart hard, turning away from the Lord, the God of Israel.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh, the God of Israel.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him vow allegiance in the name of God. He was stubborn and obstinate, and refused to return to the LORD God of Israel.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Chr 30:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.30.8", "source": "עַתָּ֕ה אַל־תַּקְשׁ֥וּ עָרְפְּכֶ֖ם כַּאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם תְּנוּ־יָ֣ד לַיהוָ֗ה וּבֹ֤אוּ לְמִקְדָּשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדִּ֣ישׁ לְעוֹלָ֔ם וְעִבְדוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם וְיָשֹׁ֥ב מִכֶּ֖ם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*'Attāh* *'al*-*taqšû* *'orpĕkem* like-*'ăbôtêkem*; *tĕnû*-*yād* to-*YHWH* and-*bō'û* to-*miqdāšô* which *hiqdîš* to-*'ôlām*, and-*'ibdû* *'et*-*YHWH* *'ĕlōhêkem*, and-*yāšōb* from-you *ḥărôn* *'appô*.", "grammar": { "*'Attāh*": "adverb - now", "*'al*-*taqšû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural jussive - do not harden", "*'orpĕkem*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your neck", "*'ăbôtêkem*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*tĕnû*-*yād*": "qal imperative masculine plural + common noun, feminine singular absolute - give hand", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*bō'û*": "qal imperative masculine plural - come/enter", "*miqdāšô*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sanctuary", "*hiqdîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sanctified", "*'ôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular absolute - eternity/forever", "*'ibdû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - serve", "*'et*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun, divine name - the LORD", "*'ĕlōhêkem*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*yāšōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he turn away", "*ḥărôn*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - burning of", "*'appô*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*'Attāh*": "now/at this time", "*'al*-*taqšû*": "do not harden/stiffen/be stubborn", "*'orpĕkem*": "your neck/your stubbornness", "*'ăbôtêkem*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*tĕnû*-*yād*": "give hand/submit/yield yourselves", "*bō'û*": "come/enter/go", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary/his holy place", "*hiqdîš*": "he sanctified/consecrated/set apart", "*'ôlām*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*'ibdû*": "serve/worship/work for", "*'ĕlōhêkem*": "your God/your deity", "*yāšōb*": "may turn away/may withdraw", "*ḥărôn*": "burning/fierceness/heat", "*'appô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath" } }
• Neh 9:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.16", "source": "וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-hēm waʾăbōtênû hēzîdû wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wə-lōʾ šāməʿû ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*waʾăbōtênû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1cp suffix - and our fathers", "*hēzîdû*": "hiphil perfect, 3cp - they acted presumptuously/proudly", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they listened/obeyed", "*ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - to your commandments" }, "variants": { "*hēzîdû*": "acted presumptuously/became proud/were insolent", "*wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām*": "hardened their necks/became stubborn/stiffened their necks", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded" } } 17 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.17", "source": "וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְלֹא־זָכְר֤וּ נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וַיִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָשׁ֥וּב לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם בְּמִרְיָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת חַנּ֧וּן וְרַח֛וּם אֶֽרֶךְ־אַפַּ֥יִם וְרַב־חֶ֖סֶד וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*wayməʾănû lišmōaʿ wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû niplə'ōteyḵā ʾăšer ʿāśîtā ʿimmāhem wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wayyittənû-rōʾš lāšûb ləʿabdutām bəmiryām wə-ʾattāh ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt ḥannûn wə-raḥûm ʾereḵ-ʾappayim wə-rab-ḥesed wə-lōʾ ʿăzabtām", "grammar": { "*wayməʾănû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they refused", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen", "*wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3mp - and they did not remember", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - your wonders", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you did/performed", "*ʿimmāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp + noun, masculine singular - and they appointed a head", "*lāšûb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to return", "*ləʿabdutām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - to their bondage/slavery", "*bəmiryām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - in their rebellion", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2ms pronoun - and you", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*səlîḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - forgivenesses", "*ḥannûn*": "adjective, masculine singular - gracious", "*wə-raḥûm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and merciful", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "adjective + noun, masculine dual - slow to anger/long of nostrils", "*wə-rab-ḥesed*": "conjunction + adjective + noun - and abundant in lovingkindness", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿăzabtām*": "qal perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you forsook them" }, "variants": { "*wayməʾănû*": "refused/declined/were unwilling", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "your wonders/your miracles/your marvelous works", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "appointed a head/set a leader/made a decision", "*lāšûb ləʿabdutām*": "to return to their bondage/to go back to slavery/to return to servitude", "*bəmiryām*": "in their rebellion/in their defiance/in their disobedience", "*ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt*": "God of forgivenesses/forgiving God", "*ḥannûn wə-raḥûm*": "gracious and merciful/compassionate and kind", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/long-suffering", "*rab-ḥesed*": "abundant in lovingkindness/great in mercy/full of steadfast love" } }
• Neh 9:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.29", "source": "וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "*wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-*tôrāṯeḵā*, *wə-hēmmāh* *hēzîḏû* and-not-*šāməʿû* to-*miṣwōṯêḵā* and-in-*mišpāṭêḵā* they-*ḥāṭəʾû*-in-them which-*yaʿăśeh* *ʾāḏām* and-*ḥāyāh* in-them, *wə-yittənû* *ḵāṯēp̄* *sôrereṯ* and-*ʿārpām* they-*hiqšû* and-not *šāmēʿû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you warned/testified against", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾel-tôrāṯeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your law/teaching", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - but they", "*hēzîḏû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they acted presumptuously/arrogantly", "*wə-lōʾ-šāməʿû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and did not listen/obey", "*lə-miṣwōṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your commandments", "*û-ḇə-mišpāṭêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and against your judgments", "*ḥāṭəʾû-ḇām*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sinned against them", "*ʾăšer-yaʿăśeh*": "relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - which if a man does", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*wə-ḥāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by them", "*wə-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they gave/presented", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "feminine singular noun - shoulder", "*sôrereṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*wə-ʿārpām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their neck", "*hiqšû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they hardened/stiffened", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/obeyed" }, "variants": { "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified against/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to bring them back/to return them/to restore them", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "your law/instruction/teaching", "*hēmmāh*": "they/those/themselves", "*hēzîḏû*": "acted presumptuously/were arrogant/were insolent", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*miṣwōṯêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/ordinances", "*mišpāṭêḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/transgressed", "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/performs/practices", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/person/human being", "*ḥāyāh*": "lives/will live/survives", "*yittənû*": "gave/presented/offered", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "shoulder/back", "*sôrereṯ*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ʿārpām*": "their neck/their nape", "*hiqšû*": "hardened/stiffened/made obstinate" } }
• Isa 48:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.4", "source": "מִדַּעְתִּ֕י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְגִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה׃", "text": "From *daʿtî* that *qāsheh* *ʾāttāh* and *gîd* *barzel* *ʿorpekā* and *miṣḥăkā* *neḥûshāh*", "grammar": { "*daʿtî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my knowledge", "*qāsheh*": "adjective masculine singular - hard/stubborn/obstinate", "*ʾāttāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*gîd*": "masculine singular construct - sinew of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular - iron", "*ʿorpekā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neck", "*miṣḥăkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your forehead", "*neḥûshāh*": "feminine singular - bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*qāsheh*": "hard/stubborn/obstinate/stiff-necked", "*gîd*": "sinew/tendon/muscle", "*barzel*": "iron/ironlike/unyielding", "*ʿorpekā*": "your neck/your stubbornness", "*miṣḥăkā*": "your forehead/your brow", "*neḥûshāh*": "bronze/copper/brass" } }
• Jer 52:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.2", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃", "text": "*wa*-*yaʿaś* *hā*-*raʿ* *bə*-*ʿênê* *yhwh* *kə*-*kōl* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśâ* *yəhôyāqîm*", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*hā*-*raʿ*": "definite article + adjective - the evil", "*bə*-*ʿênê*": "preposition + construct plural noun - in eyes of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*kə*-*kōl*": "preposition + noun - according to all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/had done", "*yəhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight (figurative for judgment/opinion)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.3", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּירוּשָׁלַ֣͏ִם וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִיכ֥וֹ אוֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *ʿal*-*ʾap* *yhwh* *hāytâ* *bî*-*rûšālaim* *wî*-*hûdâ* *ʿad*-*hišlîkô* *ʾôtām* *mē*-*ʿal* *pānāyw* *wa*-*yimrōd* *ṣidqîyāhû* *bə*-*melek* *bābel*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿal*-*ʾap*": "preposition + noun - on account of anger", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*hāytâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was/happened", "*bî*-*rûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem", "*wî*-*hûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*ʿad*-*hišlîkô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - until his casting", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mē*-*ʿal*": "compound preposition - from upon", "*pānāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*wa*-*yimrōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rebelled", "*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah", "*bə*-*melek*": "preposition + noun construct - against king of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*hāytâ*": "it was/it happened/it came to be", "*pānāyw*": "his face/his presence", "*yimrōd*": "rebelled/revolted against" } }
• Ezek 17:11-20 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* *dəbar*-*YHWH* unto me *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - came/happened", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "came/happened/was", "*dəbar*": "word/speech/matter", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.12", "source": "אֱמָר־נָא֙ לְבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔רִי הֲלֹ֥א יְדַעְתֶּ֖ם מָה־אֵ֑לֶּה אֱמֹ֗ר הִנֵּה־בָ֨א מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֤ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֙ וְאֶת־שָׂרֶ֔יהָ וַיָּבֵ֥א אוֹתָ֛ם אֵלָ֖יו בָּבֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*ʾĕmār*-*nāʾ* to *bêt* the *merî* not *yədaʿtem* what-*ʾēlleh* *ʾĕmōr* behold-*bāʾ* *melek*-*Bābel* *Yərûšālaim* and *wayyiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*malkāh* and *ʾet*-*śāreyhā* and *wayyābēʾ* *ʾôtām* unto him *Bābelâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmār*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say/speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*merî*": "definite noun, masculine singular - rebellion", "*yədaʿtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you know", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say/speak", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - took/seized", "*malkāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its king", "*śāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*wayyābēʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - brought/carried", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*Bābelâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Babylon" }, "variants": { "*merî*": "rebellion/disobedience/stubbornness", "*yədaʿtem*": "you know/understand/perceive", "*bāʾ*": "came/went/entered" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.13", "source": "וַיִּקַּח֙ מִזֶּ֣רַע הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אִתּ֖וֹ בְּרִ֑ית וַיָּבֵ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ בְּאָלָ֔ה וְאֶת־אֵילֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לָקָֽח׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* from *zeraʿ* the *məlûkâ* and *wayyikrōt* with him *bərît* and *wayyābēʾ* him in *ʾālâ* and *ʾet*-*ʾêlê* the *ʾāreṣ* *lākāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - took/received", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed of", "*məlûkâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - kingdom/royalty", "*wayyikrōt*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - cut/made", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant/agreement", "*wayyābēʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - brought/put", "*ʾālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - oath/curse", "*ʾêlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mighty ones/leaders of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - land/country", "*lākāḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - took/seized" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendant", "*məlûkâ*": "kingdom/royalty/royal line", "*wayyikrōt*": "cut/made/established", "*ʾālâ*": "oath/curse/imprecation", "*ʾêlê*": "mighty ones/leaders/chieftains" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.14", "source": "לִֽהְיוֹת֙ מַמְלָכָ֣ה שְׁפָלָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א לִשְׁמֹ֥ר אֶת־בְּרִית֖וֹ לְעָמְדָֽהּ׃", "text": "To *lihyôt* *mamlākâ* *šəpālâ* to *ləbiltî* *hitnașēʾ* to *lišmōr* *ʾet*-*bərîtô* to *ləʿāmədāh*", "grammar": { "*lihyôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to be/become", "*mamlākâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom", "*šəpālâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - low/humble", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + particle - so as not to", "*hitnașēʾ*": "hithpael infinitive construct - lift oneself up/exalt oneself", "*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to keep/observe", "*bərîtô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*ləʿāmədāh*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to stand/endure" }, "variants": { "*šəpālâ*": "low/humble/lowly", "*hitnașēʾ*": "lift oneself up/exalt oneself/rise", "*lišmōr*": "to keep/observe/maintain", "*ləʿāmədāh*": "to stand/endure/continue" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.15", "source": "וַיִּמְרָד־בּ֗וֹ לִשְׁלֹ֤חַ מַלְאָכָיו֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָֽתֶת־ל֥וֹ סוּסִ֖ים וְעַם־רָ֑ב הֲיִצְלָ֤ח הֲיִמָּלֵט֙ הָעֹשֵׂ֣ה אֵ֔לֶּה וְהֵפֵ֥ר בְּרִ֖ית וְנִמְלָֽט׃", "text": "And *wayyimrād*-against him to *lišlōaḥ* *malʾākāyw* *Miṣrayim* to *lātet*-to him *sûsîm* and *ʿam*-*rāb* *hăyiṣlāḥ* *hăyimmālēṭ* the *hāʿōśēh* *ʾēlleh* and *hēpēr* *bərît* and *nimlāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wayyimrād*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - rebelled", "*lišlōaḥ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to send", "*malʾākāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lātet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to give", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/great", "*hăyiṣlāḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with interrogative prefix - will he prosper?", "*hăyimmālēṭ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with interrogative prefix - will he escape?", "*hāʿōśēh*": "definite qal participle masculine singular - the one doing", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these (things)", "*hēpēr*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - broke/violated", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant/agreement", "*nimlāṭ*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - escaped/delivered" }, "variants": { "*wayyimrād*": "rebelled/revolted/was disobedient", "*lišlōaḥ*": "to send/dispatch/let go", "*malʾākāyw*": "his messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*hăyiṣlāḥ*": "will he prosper/succeed/thrive?", "*hăyimmālēṭ*": "will he escape/be delivered/survive?", "*hēpēr*": "broke/violated/annulled" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.16", "source": "חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־לֹ֗א בִּמְקוֹם֙ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַמַּמְלִ֣יךְ אֹת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּזָה֙ אֶת־אָ֣לָת֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵפֵ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִית֑וֹ אִתּ֥וֹ בְתוֹךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*ḥay*-*ʾānî* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* if-not in *məqôm* the *melek* the *mammlîk* him whom *bāzâ* *ʾet*-*ʾālātô* and whom *hēpēr* *ʾet*-*bərîtô* with him in midst-*Bābel* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive", "*ʾānî*": "personal pronoun, 1st common singular - I", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*melek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - king", "*mammlîk*": "definite hiphil participle masculine singular - causing to reign/making king", "*bāzâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - despised/disdained", "*ʾālātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his oath", "*hēpēr*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - broke/violated", "*bərîtô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "living/alive (formula for oath - 'as I live')", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*məqôm*": "place/location/residence", "*mammlîk*": "making king/enthroning/causing to reign", "*bāzâ*": "despised/disdained/held in contempt" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.17", "source": "וְלֹא֩ בְחַ֨יִל גָּד֜וֹל וּבְקָהָ֣ל רָ֗ב יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אוֹת֤וֹ פַרְעֹה֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה בִּשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ סֹלְלָ֖ה וּבִבְנ֣וֹת דָּיֵ֑ק לְהַכְרִ֖ית נְפָשׁ֥וֹת רַבּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And not with *ḥayil* *gādôl* and with *qāhāl* *rāb* *yaʿăśeh* for him *parʿōh* in the *milḥāmâ* in *bišpōk* *sōlələâ* and in *bibnôt* *dāyēq* to *ləhakrît* *nəpāšôt* *rabbôt*", "grammar": { "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - army/force", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular - assembly/company", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/numerous", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will do/act", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*milḥāmâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*bišpōk*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - in pouring out/casting up", "*sōlələâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mound/siege ramp", "*bibnôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - in building", "*dāyēq*": "noun, masculine singular - siege wall/bulwark", "*ləhakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to cut off/destroy", "*nəpāšôt*": "noun, feminine plural - souls/persons", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many/numerous" }, "variants": { "*ḥayil*": "army/force/power", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/company/congregation", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/act/accomplish", "*bišpōk*": "in pouring out/casting up/heaping up", "*sōlələâ*": "mound/siege ramp/embankment", "*dāyēq*": "siege wall/bulwark/fort", "*ləhakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.18", "source": "וּבָזָ֥ה אָלָ֖ה לְהָפֵ֣ר בְּרִ֑ית וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֥ן יָד֛וֹ וְכָל־אֵ֥לֶּה עָשָׂ֖ה לֹ֥א יִמָּלֵֽט׃", "text": "And *ûbāzâ* *ʾālâ* to *ləhāpēr* *bərît* and behold *nātan* *yādô* and all-*ʾēlleh* *ʿāśâ* not *yimmālēṭ*", "grammar": { "*ûbāzâ*": "waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - despised/disdained", "*ʾālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - oath/curse", "*ləhāpēr*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to break/annul", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant/agreement", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/put", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these (things)", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did/made", "*yimmālēṭ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will escape/be delivered" }, "variants": { "*ûbāzâ*": "despised/disdained/held in contempt", "*ʾālâ*": "oath/curse/imprecation", "*ləhāpēr*": "to break/annul/frustrate", "*nātan yādô*": "gave his hand/pledged/made agreement", "*yimmālēṭ*": "will escape/be delivered/survive" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.19", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֮ חַי־אָנִי֒ אִם־לֹ֗א אָֽלָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּזָ֔ה וּבְרִיתִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵפִ֑יר וּנְתַתִּ֖יו בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "Therefore thus-*ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ḥay*-*ʾānî* if-not *ʾālātî* which *bāzâ* and *bərîtî* which *hēpîr* and *ûnətattîw* in *rōʾšô*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive", "*ʾānî*": "personal pronoun, 1st common singular - I", "*ʾālātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my oath", "*bāzâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - despised/disdained", "*bərîtî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my covenant", "*hēpîr*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - broke/violated", "*ûnətattîw*": "waw + qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will give/put it", "*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "as I live (oath formula)", "*bāzâ*": "despised/disdained/held in contempt", "*hēpîr*": "broke/violated/annulled", "*ûnətattîw* in *rōʾšô*": "I will bring it on his head/make him bear the consequences" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.17.20", "source": "וּפָרַשְׂתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ רִשְׁתִּ֔י וְנִתְפַּ֖שׂ בִּמְצֽוּדָתִ֑י וַהֲבִיאוֹתִ֣יהוּ בָבֶ֗לָה וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֤י אִתּוֹ֙ שָׁ֔ם מַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעַל־בִּֽי׃", "text": "And *ûpāraśtî* upon him *rištî* and *nitpaś* in *məṣûdātî* and *wahăbîʾôtîhû* *Bābelâ* and *wənišpaṭtî* with him there *maʿălô* which *māʿal*-against me", "grammar": { "*ûpāraśtî*": "waw + qal perfect 1st common singular - I will spread/stretch out", "*rištî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my net", "*nitpaś*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be caught/seized", "*məṣûdātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my snare/trap", "*wahăbîʾôtîhû*": "waw + hiphil perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will bring him", "*Bābelâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Babylon", "*wənišpaṭtî*": "waw + niphal perfect 1st common singular - I will enter into judgment", "*maʿălô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his treachery", "*māʿal*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - acted treacherously" }, "variants": { "*ûpāraśtî*": "I will spread/stretch out/deploy", "*rištî*": "my net/snare/trap", "*nitpaś*": "he will be caught/seized/captured", "*məṣûdātî*": "my snare/trap/net", "*maʿălô*": "his treachery/unfaithfulness/breach of faith" } }
• Rom 2:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Romans.2.4", "source": "Ἢ τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς· ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει;", "text": "Or the *ploutou* of the *chrēstotētos* of him and of the *anochēs* and of the *makrothymias* you *kataphroneis*; *agnoōn* that the *chrēston* of *Theos* to *metanoian* you *agei*?", "grammar": { "*ploutou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - riches/wealth", "*chrēstotētos*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - kindness/goodness", "*anochēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - forbearance/tolerance", "*makrothymias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - patience/longsuffering", "*kataphroneis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you despise/think down on", "*agnoōn*": "participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - not knowing/being ignorant", "*chrēston*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, singular - goodness/kindness", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*metanoian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - repentance/change of mind", "*agei*": "verb, present indicative, 3rd person singular - leads/brings" }, "variants": { "*ploutou*": "riches/wealth/abundance", "*chrēstotētos*": "kindness/goodness/benevolence", "*anochēs*": "forbearance/tolerance/patience", "*makrothymias*": "patience/longsuffering/forbearance", "*kataphroneis*": "despise/think little of/disregard", "*agnoōn*": "not knowing/being ignorant/failing to recognize", "*chrēston*": "goodness/kindness/benevolence", "*metanoian*": "repentance/change of mind/turning" } } 5 { "verseID": "Romans.2.5", "source": "Κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ·", "text": "But according to the *sklērotēta* of you and *ametanoēton* *kardian* you *thēsaurizeis* for *seautō* *orgēn* in day of *orgēs* and *apokalypsēōs* *dikaiokriasias* of *Theos*;", "grammar": { "*sklērotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - hardness/stubbornness", "*ametanoēton*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - unrepentant/impenitent", "*kardian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*thēsaurizeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you store up/treasure up", "*seautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - for yourself", "*orgēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath/anger", "*apokalypsēōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*dikaiokriasias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteous judgment", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*sklērotēta*": "hardness/stubbornness/obstinacy", "*ametanoēton*": "unrepentant/impenitent/refusing to change mind", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*thēsaurizeis*": "store up/treasure up/accumulate", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*apokalypsēōs*": "revelation/disclosure/uncovering", "*dikaiokriasias*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• Heb 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.8", "source": "Μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ:", "text": "*Mē* *sklērynēte* the *kardias* of you, *hōs* in the *parapikrasmō*, *kata* the *hēmeran* of the *peirasmou* in the *erēmō*:", "grammar": { "*Mē*": "negative particle with subjunctive - not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might harden", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*hōs*": "adverb - as/like", "*parapikrasmō*": "dative, masculine, singular - provocation/rebellion/embitterment", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - during/according to", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*peirasmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of testing/temptation", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*Mē*": "not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "harden/make stubborn/make insensitive", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*parapikrasmō*": "provocation/rebellion/bitter contention", "*kata*": "during/at/according to", "*peirasmou*": "testing/temptation/trial", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited region" } }
• Heb 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.13", "source": "Ἀλλὰ παρακαλεῖτε ἑαυτοὺς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, ἄχρις οὗ τὸ Σήμερον καλεῖται· ἵνα μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "*Alla* *parakaleite* *heautous* *kath' hekastēn* *hēmeran*, *achris hou* the *Sēmeron* *kaleitai*; *hina* *mē* *sklērynthē* *tis* from you *apatē* of the *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*Alla*": "adversative conjunction - but/rather", "*parakaleite*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - exhort/encourage", "*heautous*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural - yourselves/one another", "*kath' hekastēn*": "preposition + adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - according to each", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*achris hou*": "conjunction phrase - until which/as long as", "*Sēmeron*": "adverb used as noun - Today", "*kaleitai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is called/named", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*sklērynthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be hardened", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone/someone", "*apatē*": "dative, feminine, singular - by deceit/deception", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sin" }, "variants": { "*Alla*": "but/rather/on the contrary", "*parakaleite*": "encourage/exhort/comfort", "*heautous*": "yourselves/one another/each other", "*kath' hekastēn*": "each/daily/every", "*hēmeran*": "day/daytime", "*achris hou*": "until/as long as/while", "*kaleitai*": "is called/named/designated", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/that", "*sklērynthē*": "be hardened/become stubborn/grow insensitive", "*apatē*": "deceit/deception/delusion", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/missing the mark" } }
• Exod 8:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmərû* the *ḥarṭummîm* unto *Parʿōh*, *ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hîwʾ*. And *wə-yeḥĕzaq* heart of *Parʿōh* and not-*šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they said", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hîwʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she/it", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it became strong", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "finger of God/divine intervention", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened" } }
• Exod 9:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.17", "source": "עוֹדְךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּעַמִּ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֖י שַׁלְּחָֽם׃", "text": "Still-you *mistōlēl* against-*'ammî* to-not *šallᵊḥām*.", "grammar": { "*'ōdᵊḵā*": "adverb + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - still/yet you", "*mistōlēl*": "hitpael participle, masculine singular - exalting yourself/being obstinate", "*bᵊ'ammî*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - against my people", "*lᵊbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not/so as not to", "*šallᵊḥām*": "piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - send them away/let them go" }, "variants": { "*mistōlēl*": "exalting yourself/being obstinate/acting insolently/setting yourself against", "*šallᵊḥām*": "send them away/release them/let them go" } }
• Josh 9:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.9.15", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לָהֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְחַיּוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָעֵדָֽה", "text": "And-he-*yaʿaś* to-them *yəhôšuaʿ* *šālôm* and-he-*yiḵrōṯ* to-them *bərîṯ* to-*ḥayyôṯām* and-they-*yiššāḇəʿû* to-them *nəśîʾê* the-*ʿēḏâ*", "grammar": { "*yaʿaś*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular - peace", "*yiḵrōṯ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he cut", "*bərîṯ*": "feminine singular - covenant", "*ḥayyôṯām*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to preserve them alive", "*yiššāḇəʿû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they swore", "*nəśîʾê*": "masculine plural construct - leaders/princes of", "*ʿēḏâ*": "feminine singular - congregation/assembly" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/treaty/alliance", "*yiḵrōṯ* *bərîṯ*": "made a covenant/cut a treaty", "*ḥayyôṯām*": "to preserve them alive/to let them live", "*nəśîʾê*": "leaders/chiefs/princes" } }
• Josh 9:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.9.19", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם", "text": "And-they-*yōʾmərû* all-the-*nəśîʾîm* to-all-the-*ʿēḏâ* we *nišbaʿnû* to-them by-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* and-now not we-*nûḵal* to-*lingōaʿ* in-them", "grammar": { "*yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they said", "*nəśîʾîm*": "masculine plural - leaders", "*ʿēḏâ*": "feminine singular - congregation", "*nišbaʿnû*": "Niphal perfect 1st common plural - we have sworn", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nûḵal*": "Qal imperfect 1st common plural - we can/are able", "*lingōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to touch" }, "variants": { "*nəśîʾîm*": "leaders/chiefs/princes", "*nišbaʿnû*": "we have sworn/we took an oath", "*nûḵal*": "we can/are able/may", "*lingōaʿ*": "to touch/to harm/to strike" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.9.20", "source": "זֹ֛את נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם וְהַחֲיֵ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ קֶ֔צֶף עַל־הַשְּׁבוּעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְנוּ לָהֶֽם", "text": "This we-*naʿăśê* to-them and-*haḥăyê* them and-not-*yihyê* upon-us *qeṣep̄* upon-the-*šəḇûʿâ* which-we-*nišbaʿnû* to-them", "grammar": { "*naʿăśê*": "Qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will do", "*haḥăyê*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - preserving alive", "*yihyê*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*qeṣep̄*": "masculine singular - wrath", "*šəḇûʿâ*": "feminine singular - oath", "*nišbaʿnû*": "Niphal perfect 1st common plural - we have sworn" }, "variants": { "*naʿăśê*": "we will do/act/perform", "*haḥăyê*": "preserve alive/let live/spare", "*qeṣep̄*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*šəḇûʿâ*": "oath/vow/pledge" } }
• 2 Sam 21:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.2", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לַגִּבְעֹנִ֖ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְהַגִּבְעֹנִ֞ים לֹ֣א מִבְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֚י אִם־מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָאֱמֹרִ֔י וּבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נִשְׁבְּע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וַיְבַקֵּ֤שׁ שָׁאוּל֙ לְהַכֹּתָ֔ם בְּקַנֹּאת֥וֹ לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִיהוּדָֽה", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* the-*melek* to-the-*Gibʿōnîm* and *wayyōʾmer* to-them; and-the-*Gibʿōnîm* not from-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hēmmâ*, but if-from-*yeter* the-*ʾĔmōrî*, and-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* had-*nišbĕʿû* to-them, and-*wayĕbaqqêš* *Šāʾûl* to-*hakōtām* in-*qannōʾtô* for-*bĕnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yĕhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he called", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*Gibʿōnîm*": "proper noun, plural - Gibeonites", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun 3mp - they", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yeter*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of", "*ʾĔmōrî*": "proper noun - Amorites", "*nišbĕʿû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they swore/had sworn", "*wayĕbaqqêš*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he sought", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*hakōtām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to strike them", "*qannōʾtô*": "piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - his being zealous", "*Yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*yeter* *ʾĔmōrî*": "remnant of the Amorites/remaining Amorites", "*qannōʾtô*": "his zeal/jealousy/rage", "*hakōtām*": "to strike/kill/destroy them" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.4", "source": "וַיִּמְצָא֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֨וּר בְּהוֹשֵׁ֜עַ קֶ֗שֶׁר אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכִים֙ אֶל־ס֣וֹא מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְלֹא־הֶעֱלָ֥ה מִנְחָ֛ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר כְּשָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֑ה וַֽיַּעְצְרֵ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֖הוּ בֵּ֥ית כֶּֽלֶא׃", "text": "*wə*-*yimṣāʾ* *melek*-*ʾashshūr* in-*hōshēaʿ* *qesher* *ʾăsher* *shālaḥ* *malʾākîm* to-*sōʾ* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*lōʾ*-*heʿĕlāh* *minḥāh* to-*melek* *ʾashshūr* as-*shānāh* in-*shānāh*, *wə*-*yaʿṣerēhū* *melek* *ʾashshūr* *wə*-*yaʾasrēhū* *bêt* *keleʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yimṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he found", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾashshūr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*bə-hōshēaʿ*": "preposition with proper noun - in Hoshea", "*qesher*": "noun, masculine singular - conspiracy/treason", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*shālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*ʾel-sōʾ*": "preposition with proper noun - to So", "*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt", "*lōʾ-heʿĕlāh*": "negative particle with hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did not bring up", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering", "*lə-melek*": "preposition with noun - to king of", "*kə-shānāh bə-shānāh*": "prepositional phrase - as year by year", "*yaʿṣerēhū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he restrained him", "*yaʾasrēhū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he bound him", "*bêt keleʾ*": "construct state with noun - house of imprisonment" }, "variants": { "*qesher*": "conspiracy/treason/plot", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/ambassadors", "*heʿĕlāh*": "bring up/offer/pay", "*minḥāh*": "tribute/present/offering", "*yaʿṣerēhū*": "restrained/detained/seized him", "*yaʾasrēhū*": "bound/imprisoned him", "*bêt keleʾ*": "prison house/house of detention" } }
• 2 Kgs 24:20 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.20", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִכ֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃", "text": "For upon-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* *hāyəṯāh* in-*yərûšālaim* and-in-*yəhûḏāh* until-*hišlîḵô* *ʾōṯām* from-upon *pānāyw* and-*wayyimrōḏ* *ṣiḏqiyyāhû* against-*meleḵ* *bāḇel*.", "grammar": { "*ʾap̄*": "masculine singular construct noun - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*hāyəṯāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it happened/came to be", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hišlîḵô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his casting", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*wayyimrōḏ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he rebelled", "*ṣiḏqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/face/wrath", "*hāyəṯāh*": "it came to be/it happened/it was (feminine subject)", "*hišlîḵô* *ʾōṯām*": "his casting them away/his rejecting them", "*pānāyw*": "his face/presence/before him", "*wayyimrōḏ*": "and he rebelled/revolted/defied" } }