Verse 22

{ "verseID": "2 Samuel.20.22", "source": "וַתָּבוֹא֩ הָאִשָּׁ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם בְּחָכְמָתָ֗הּ וַֽיִּכְרְת֞וּ אֶת־רֹ֨אשׁ שֶׁ֤בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי֙ וַיַּשְׁלִ֣כוּ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּתְקַע֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיָּפֻ֥צוּ מֵֽעַל־הָעִ֖יר אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֑יו וְיוֹאָ֛ב שָׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *bôʾ* the-*ʾiššâ* to all-the-*ʿām* in-*ḥoḵmâ*-her and *kārat* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* *šebaʿ* *ben*-*bikrî* and *šālaḵ* to-*yôʾāv*, and *tāqaʿ* in the-*šôpār* and *pûṣ* from upon-the-*ʿîr* *ʾîš* to-*ʾōhel*-his; and *yôʾāv* *šûv* *yᵉrûšālayim* to-the-*meleḵ*.", "grammar": { "*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she went", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ḥoḵmâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wisdom", "*kārat*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they cut off", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*šebaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheba", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bikrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Bichri", "*šālaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they threw", "*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*tāqaʿ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he blew", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the horn", "*pûṣ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they dispersed", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*ʾōhel*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tents", "*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*šûv*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - returned", "*yᵉrûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "went/came/entered", "*ḥoḵmâ*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence", "*kārat*": "cut off/removed/severed", "*šālaḵ*": "threw/cast/tossed", "*tāqaʿ*": "blew/sounded/trumpeted", "*šôpār*": "horn/trumpet", "*pûṣ*": "dispersed/scattered/went away", "*šûv*": "returned/went back/came back" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Kvinnen gikk inn til folket med sin visdom, og de hogg av hodet til Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Så blåste han i hornet, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver til sitt hjem, mens Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Da gikk kvinnen til hele folket i sin visdom. De hogg av hodet til Seba, Bikris sønn, og kastet det til Joab. Så blåste han i trompeten, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Og Joab vendte tilbake til Jerusalem til kongen.

• Norsk King James

  Så gikk kvinnen til folket med sin visdom. De hogg hodet av Sheba, sønnen av Bichri, og kastet det ut til Joab. Og han blåste i trompeten, og de forlot byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Og Joab gikk tilbake til Jerusalem til kongen.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Kvinnen gikk til folket i sin visdom, og de hogg av hodet til Seba, Bikris sønn, og kastet det til Joab. Da blåste han i trompeten, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver til sitt telt. Joab vendte tilbake til Jerusalem til kongen.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Da gikk kvinnen i sin visdom til hele folket, og de hogg hodet av Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Han blåste i trompeten, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver til sitt telt. Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Kvinnen gikk til hele folket med sin visdom. De hogde hodet av Seba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Han blåste i trompeten, og de trakk seg tilbake fra byen, hver til sitt telt. Og Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Kvinnen gikk med sin visdom ut til hele folket. De kappe av Sheba, sønn av Bichri, og kastet hans hode til Joab. Joab blåste i hornet, og alle trakk seg tilbake fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Deretter vendte Joab tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Kvinnen gikk til hele folket med sin visdom. De hogde hodet av Seba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Han blåste i trompeten, og de trakk seg tilbake fra byen, hver til sitt telt. Og Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Kvinnen gikk til hele folket med sin klokskap, og de skar av hodet til Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Da blåste han i hornet, og alle spredte seg fra byen til sine hjem. Joab vendte tilbake til Jerusalem, til kongen.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then the woman went to all the people with her wise counsel, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bichri and threw it to Joab. He blew the horn, and the troops dispersed from the city, each returning to his home. And Joab went back to the king in Jerusalem.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Så gikk kvinnen til hele folket med sitt kloke råd, og de hogg av hodet til Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Da blåste han i hornet, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og Qvinden kom til alt Folket med hendes Viisdom, og de afhuggede Sebas, Bichri Søns, Hoved og kastede det til Joab; da blæste han i Trompeten, og de adspredtes fra Staden, hver til sine Pauluner, og Joab kom tilbage til Jerusalem til Kongen.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Kvinnen gikk i sin visdom til hele folket, og de hogg hodet av Seba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Han blåste i trompeten, og de spredte seg fra byen, enhver til sitt telt. Og Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Then the woman went to all the people with her wise advice. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri and threw it to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they dispersed from the city, each to his tent. Joab returned to the king in Jerusalem.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Så gikk kvinnen til hele folket med sin visdom. De hogget av hodet til Sjeba, sønnen av Bikri, og kastet det ut til Joab. Dermed blåste han i trompeten, og de spredde seg fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Joab vendte tilbake til Jerusalem til kongen.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Kvinnen gikk til hele folket med sin visdom, og de kuttet hodet av Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Han blåste i trompeten, og de trakk seg fra byen, hver til sitt telt. Joab vendte tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Kvinnen gikk til hele folket med sin klokskap. De kappet hodet av Sjeba, sønn av Bikri, og kastet det til Joab. Så blåste han i trompeten, og de trakk seg tilbake fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Og Joab vendte tilbake til Jerusalem, til kongen.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Kvinnen snakket klokt med hele byen. De hogde av Sebas hode og kastet det ut til Joab. Han blåste i hornet, og de spredte seg fra byen, hver mann til sitt telt. Joab dro tilbake til kongen i Jerusalem.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And the woman came in to all the people with hir wysdome. And they smote of the heade of Seba the sonne of Bichri, and cast it vnto Ioab. Then blewe he the trompe, and they departed from the cite, euery one vnto his tent. But Ioab came agayne to Ierusalem vnto the kynge.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then the woman went vnto all the people with her wisedome, and they cut off the head of Sheba the sonne of Bichri, and cast it to Ioab: the he blewe the trumpet, and they retired from the citie, euery man to his tent: and Ioab returned to Ierusalem vnto the King.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And then the woman went vnto all the people with her wisedome, and they smote of the head of Seba ye sonne of Bichri, and cast it out to Ioab: And he blew a trumpet, & they retyred from the citie, euery man to his tent: And Ioab returned to Hierusalem, vnto the king.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast [it] out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. Joab returned to Jerusalem to the king.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the woman cometh unto all the people in her wisdom, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bichri, and cast `it' unto Joab, and he bloweth with a trumpet, and they are scattered from the city, each to his tents, and Joab hath turned back to Jerusalem unto the king.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. And he blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then the woman in her wisdom had talk with all the town. And they had Sheba's head cut off and sent out to Joab. And he had the horn sounded, and sent them all away from the town, every man to his tent. And Joab went back to Jerusalem to the king.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. Joab returned to Jerusalem to the king.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Then the woman went to all the people with her wise advice and they cut off Sheba’s head and threw it out to Joab. Joab blew the trumpet, and his men dispersed from the city, each going to his own home. Joab returned to the king in Jerusalem.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 20:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.20.1", "source": "וְשָׁ֨ם נִקְרָ֜א אִ֣ישׁ בְּלִיַּ֗עַל וּשְׁמ֛וֹ שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִ֖י אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינִ֑י וַיִּתְקַ֣ע בַּשֹּׁפָ֗ר וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֵֽין־לָ֨נוּ חֵ֜לֶק בְּדָוִ֗ד וְלֹ֤א נֽ͏ַחֲלָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ בְּבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֖יו יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *šām* *niqrāʾ* *ʾîš* *bᵉliyyaʿal* and *šᵉmô* *šebaʿ* *ben*-*bikrî* *ʾîš* *yᵉmînî* and he *tāqaʿ* in the *šôpār* and *ʾāmar*: *ʾên*-to us *ḥēleq* in *dāwid*, and not *naḥălâ*-to us in *ben*-*yišay*, *ʾîš* to his *ʾōhālâw* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqrāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was called/happened to be", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*bᵉliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*šebaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheba", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bikrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Bichri", "*yᵉmînî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Benjamite/of the right hand", "*tāqaʿ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he blew", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular - horn/trumpet", "*ʾāmar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥēleq*": "noun, masculine singular - portion/share", "*naḥălâ*": "noun, feminine singular - inheritance/possession", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*yišay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jesse", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*ʾōhālâw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his tents", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*šām*": "there/at that place/then", "*niqrāʾ*": "was called/happened to be/was encountered", "*bᵉliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/destruction", "*yᵉmînî*": "Benjamite/of the right hand/from the tribe of Benjamin", "*tāqaʿ*": "blew/sounded/thrust", "*ʾên*": "there is not/without/no", "*ḥēleq*": "portion/share/part", "*naḥălâ*": "inheritance/possession/property" } }
• Eccl 7:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.7.19", "source": "הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם מֵעֲשָׂרָה שַׁלִּיטִים אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ בָּעִיר", "text": "The-*ḥoḵmāh* *tāʿōz* to-*ḥāḵām* from-ten *šallîṭîm* that *hāyû* in-the-*ʿîr*", "grammar": { "*ḥoḵmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the wisdom", "*tāʿōz*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - strengthens", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise person", "*šallîṭîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - rulers", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - were", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city" }, "variants": { "*tāʿōz*": "strengthens/empowers/gives strength", "*ḥāḵām*": "wise person/sage", "*šallîṭîm*": "rulers/powerful men/persons in authority", "*ʿîr*": "city/town" } }
• Eccl 8:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁר֙ אֵין־נַעֲשָׂ֣ה פִתְגָ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה מְהֵרָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן מָלֵ֞א לֵ֧ב בְּֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֛ם בָּהֶ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* not-*naʿăśāh* *pitgām* *maʿăśēh* the-*rāʿāh* *mĕhērāh* upon-thus *mālēʾ* *lēb* *bĕnê*-the-*ʾādām* in-them to-do *rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - because/when", "*naʿăśāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is executed/is carried out", "*pitgām*": "noun, masculine singular - sentence/decree", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - deed of", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness", "*mĕhērāh*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is full", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*naʿăśāh*": "is executed/is carried out/is done", "*pitgām*": "sentence/decree/edict", "*maʿăśēh*": "deed/work/action", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*mĕhērāh*": "quickly/speedily/swiftly", "*mālēʾ*": "is full/is filled/abounds", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*bĕnê*": "sons/children", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wrong/wicked thing" } }
• Eccl 9:13-18 : 13 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.13", "source": "גַּם־זֹ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי חָכְמָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וּגְדוֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "Also-*zōh* *rāʾîtî* *ḥokmâ* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš* and-*gĕdôlâ* she to-me.", "grammar": { "*zōh*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*rāʾîtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the sun", "*gĕdôlâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/significant", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me" }, "variants": { "*zōh*": "this/this instance", "*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/I observed/I witnessed", "*ḥokmâ*": "wisdom/insight/understanding", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*gĕdôlâ*": "great/significant/impressive", "*ʾēlāy*": "to me/in my estimation/in my eyes" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.14", "source": "עִ֣יר קְטַנָּ֔ה וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בָּ֖הּ מְעָ֑ט וּבָֽא־אֵלֶ֜יהָ מֶ֤לֶךְ גָּדוֹל֙ וְסָבַ֣ב אֹתָ֔הּ וּבָנָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מְצוֹדִ֥ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃", "text": "*ʿîr* *qĕṭannâ* and-*ʾănāšîm* in-her *mĕʿāṭ* and-*bāʾ*-to-her *melek* *gādôl* and-*sābab* her and-*bānâ* against-her *mĕṣôdîm* *gĕdōlîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular construct - city", "*qĕṭannâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - small", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came/went", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/powerful", "*sābab*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surrounded", "*bānâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - built", "*mĕṣôdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - siegeworks", "*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large" }, "variants": { "*ʿîr qĕṭannâ*": "small city/little town", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "few/small number", "*bāʾ*": "came/went/approached", "*melek gādôl*": "great king/powerful ruler", "*sābab*": "surrounded/encircled/besieged", "*bānâ*": "built/constructed/erected", "*mĕṣôdîm gĕdōlîm*": "great siegeworks/large bulwarks/mighty fortifications" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.15", "source": "וּמָ֣צָא בָ֗הּ אִ֤ישׁ מִסְכֵּן֙ חָכָ֔ם וּמִלַּט־ה֥וּא אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וְאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א זָכַ֔ר אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּסְכֵּ֖ן הַהּֽוּא׃", "text": "And-*māṣāʾ* in-her *ʾîš* *miskēn* *ḥākām* and-*millaṭ*-he *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* in-*ḥokmātô*; and-*ʾādām* not *zākar* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* the-*miskēn* the-that.", "grammar": { "*māṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - found", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*miskēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*millaṭ*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - delivered/saved", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the city", "*ḥokmātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wisdom", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/people", "*zākar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - remembered", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the man", "*miskēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with article - the poor", "*hû*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*māṣāʾ*": "found/discovered/happened upon", "*ʾîš miskēn ḥākām*": "poor wise man/lowly but wise person", "*miskēn*": "poor/lowly/needy/wretched", "*millaṭ*": "delivered/saved/rescued", "*ḥokmātô*": "his wisdom/his insight/his understanding", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/people/no one", "*zākar*": "remembered/recalled/thought about" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.16", "source": "וְאָמַ֣רְתִּי אָ֔נִי טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִגְּבוּרָ֑ה וְחָכְמַ֤ת הַמִּסְכֵּן֙ בְּזוּיָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֖יו אֵינָ֥ם נִשְׁמָעִֽים׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmartî* I: *ṭôbâ* *ḥokmâ* from-*gĕbûrâ*; and-*ḥokmat* the-*miskēn* *bĕzûyâ* and-*dĕbārāyw* not-they *nišmāʿîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good/better", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*gĕbûrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/might", "*ḥokmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wisdom of", "*miskēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with article - the poor", "*bĕzûyâ*": "verb, qal passive participle, feminine singular - despised", "*dĕbārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*nišmāʿîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - being heard" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/I thought/I declared", "*ṭôbâ ḥokmâ*": "wisdom is better/wisdom is preferable", "*gĕbûrâ*": "strength/might/power", "*ḥokmat ha-miskēn*": "wisdom of the poor man/poor man's wisdom", "*bĕzûyâ*": "despised/scorned/held in contempt", "*dĕbārāyw*": "his words/his sayings/his advice", "*nišmāʿîm*": "being heard/being listened to/being heeded" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.17", "source": "דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים בְּנַ֖חַת נִשְׁמָעִ֑ים מִזַּעֲקַ֥ת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בַּכְּסִילִֽים׃", "text": "*Dibrê* *ḥăkāmîm* in-*naḥat* *nišmāʿîm* from-*zaʿăqat* *môšēl* in-the-*kĕsîlîm*.", "grammar": { "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*naḥat*": "noun, masculine singular - quietness/calmness", "*nišmāʿîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - are heard", "*zaʿăqat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shouting of", "*môšēl*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - ruling/dominating", "*kĕsîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural with article - the fools" }, "variants": { "*dibrê ḥăkāmîm*": "words of the wise/wise men's sayings", "*naḥat*": "quietness/calmness/gentleness/tranquility", "*nišmāʿîm*": "are heard/are heeded/are listened to", "*zaʿăqat*": "shouting/crying out/loud cry", "*môšēl*": "ruler/leader/one who rules", "*kĕsîlîm*": "fools/stupid ones/senseless people" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.18", "source": "טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִכְּלֵ֣י קְרָ֑ב וְחוֹטֶ֣א אֶחָ֔ד יְאַבֵּ֥ד טוֹבָ֖ה הַרְבֵּֽה׃", "text": "*Ṭôbâ* *ḥokmâ* from-*kĕlê* *qĕrāb*; and-*ḥôṭēʾ* *ʾeḥād* *yĕʾabbēd* *ṭôbâ* *harbēh*.", "grammar": { "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good/better", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*kĕlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - weapons/tools of", "*qĕrāb*": "noun, masculine singular - battle/war", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sinning/erring", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one", "*yĕʾabbēd*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - destroys", "*ṭôbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - good/goodness", "*harbēh*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/many" }, "variants": { "*ṭôbâ ḥokmâ*": "wisdom is better/wisdom is preferable", "*kĕlê qĕrāb*": "weapons of war/instruments of battle", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "sinner/one who errs/one who makes a mistake", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single", "*yĕʾabbēd*": "destroys/ruins/causes to perish", "*ṭôbâ harbēh*": "much good/great benefit" } }
• 2 Sam 20:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.20.16", "source": "וַתִּקְרָ֛א אִשָּׁ֥ה חֲכָמָ֖ה מִן־הָעִ֑יר שִׁמְע֤וּ שִׁמְעוּ֙ אִמְרוּ־נָ֣א אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב קְרַ֣ב עַד־הֵ֔נָּה וַאֲדַבְּרָ֖ה אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *qārāʾ* *ʾiššâ* *ḥăḵāmâ* from-the-*ʿîr*: *šāmaʿ*, *šāmaʿ*, *ʾāmar*-please to-*yôʾāv*, *qārav* until-here and *dāvar* to-you.", "grammar": { "*qārāʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she called", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*ḥăḵāmâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - wise", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*ʾāmar*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say", "*yôʾāv*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab", "*qārav*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - come near", "*dāvar*": "piel imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me speak", "to-you": "2nd masculine singular preposition suffix" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "called/proclaimed/summoned", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife/female", "*ḥăḵāmâ*": "wise/skilled/experienced", "*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*ʾāmar*": "say/tell/speak", "*qārav*": "come near/approach/draw near", "*dāvar*": "speak/talk/say" } }
• 2 Sam 2:28 : 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.28", "source": "וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִרְדְּפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יָסְפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד לְהִלָּחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wayyitqaʿ* *yôʾāb* in-the-*šôpār* and-*wayyaʿamdû* all-the-*ʿām* and-not-*yirdəpû* again after *yiśrāʾēl* and-not-*yāsəpû* again to-*ləhillāḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wayyitqaʿ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he blew", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the trumpet", "*wayyaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they stood", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the people", "*yirdəpû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they pursued", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yāsəpû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they continued", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "niphal infinitive construct + preposition - to fight" }, "variants": { "*wayyitqaʿ*": "and he blew/sounded/trumpeted", "*šôpār*": "trumpet/horn/ram's horn", "*wayyaʿamdû*": "and they stood/stopped/halted", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/army", "*yirdəpû*": "pursued/chased/followed after", "*yāsəpû*": "continued/added/proceeded", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/engage in war" } }
• 2 Sam 3:28-39 : 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע דָּוִד֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָקִ֨י אָנֹכִ֧י וּמַמְלַכְתִּ֛י מֵעִ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם מִדְּמֵ֖י אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃", "text": "And *wə-yišmaʿ* *dāwid* from-after thus and *wə-yōʾmer* *nāqî* *ʾānōkî* and-*mamləkatî* from-with *yhwh* until-*ʿôlām* from-*dəmê* *ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent/free from guilt", "*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*mamləkatî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my kingdom", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun - Ner" }, "variants": { "*nāqî*": "innocent/free from guilt/exempt", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodguilt/bloodshed" } } 29 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.29", "source": "יָחֻ֙לוּ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יו וְֽאַל־יִכָּרֵ֣ת מִבֵּ֣ית יוֹאָ֡ב זָ֠ב וּמְצֹרָ֞ע וּמַחֲזִ֥יק בַּפֶּ֛לֶךְ וְנֹפֵ֥ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב וַחֲסַר־לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*yāḥullû* upon *rōʾš* *yôʾāb* *wə-* to all *bêt* *ʾābîw* *wə-ʾal* *yikkārēt* from *bêt* *yôʾāb* *zāb* *û-məṣōrāʿ* *û-maḥăzîq* in *pelekh* *wə-nōpēl* in *ḥereb* *wa-ḥăsar* *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*yāḥullû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - may they fall/rest/be", "*rōʾš*": "construct masculine singular - head of", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*bêt*": "construct masculine singular - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yikkārēt*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he be cut off", "*zāb*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one having a discharge", "*û-məṣōrāʿ*": "conjunction + Pual participle masculine singular - and one being leprous", "*û-maḥăzîq*": "conjunction + Hiphil participle masculine singular - and one holding", "*pelekh*": "noun masculine singular - staff/spindle/distaff", "*wə-nōpēl*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - and one falling", "*ḥereb*": "noun feminine singular - sword", "*wa-ḥăsar*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular construct - and lacking of", "*lāḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*yāḥullû*": "may they fall upon/rest upon/be upon", "*pelekh*": "spindle/distaff/crutch", "*ḥăsar*": "lacking/needy of", "*zāb*": "one having an issue/discharge (ceremonially unclean condition)" } } 30 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.30", "source": "וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו הָרְג֖וּ לְאַבְנֵ֑ר עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵמִ֜ית אֶת־עֲשָׂה־אֵ֧ל אֲחִיהֶ֛ם בְּגִבְע֖וֹן בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wə-yôʾāb* *wa-ʾăbîšay* *ʾāḥîw* *hārgû* *lə-ʾabnēr* *ʿal* *ʾăšer* *hēmît* *ʾet*-*ʿăśāh*-*ʾēl* *ʾăḥîhem* in *gibʿôn* in *milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yôʾāb*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joab", "*wa-ʾăbîšay*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Abishai", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*hārgû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they killed", "*lə-ʾabnēr*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for Abner", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on account of/because", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which/because", "*hēmît*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he caused to die/killed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăśāh*-*ʾēl*": "proper noun - Asahel", "*ʾăḥîhem*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brother", "*gibʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun feminine singular - battle/war" }, "variants": { "*hārgû*": "they killed/they slew", "*ʿal*": "on account of/because/concerning", "*hēmît*": "he killed/he put to death/he caused to die" } } 31 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.31", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יוֹאָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* to *yôʾāb* *wə-* to all *hā-ʿām* *ʾăšer* with him, *qirʿû* *bigdêkem* *wə-ḥigrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-sipdû* before *ʾabnēr* *wə-ha-melek* *dāwid* *hōlēk* after *ha-miṭṭâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*qirʿû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - tear/rend", "*bigdêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your garments", "*wə-ḥigrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-sipdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and lament/mourn", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*wə-ha-melek*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine singular - and the king", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going", "*ha-miṭṭâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the bier/bed" }, "variants": { "*qirʿû*": "tear/rend (as sign of mourning)", "*ḥigrû*": "gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (material worn in mourning)", "*sipdû*": "lament/mourn/wail", "*miṭṭâ*": "bier/bed/funeral couch" } } 32 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.32", "source": "וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיִשָּׂ֧א הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֶת־קוֹל֗וֹ וַיֵּבְךְּ֙ אֶל־קֶ֣בֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיִּבְכּ֖וּ כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ פ", "text": "*wa-yiqbərû* *ʾet*-*ʾabnēr* in *ḥebrôn* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *ha-melek* *ʾet*-*qôlô* *wa-yēbk* to *qeber* *ʾabnēr* *wa-yibkû* all *hā-ʿām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqbərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural consecutive - and they buried", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he lifted up", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*qôlô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*wa-yēbk*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he wept", "*qeber*": "noun masculine singular construct - grave of", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*wa-yibkû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural consecutive - and they wept", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "he lifted up/he raised", "*wa-yēbk*": "he wept/he cried" } } 33 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.33", "source": "וַיְקֹנֵ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְנֵ֖ר וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַכְּמ֥וֹת נָבָ֖ל יָמ֥וּת אַבְנֵֽר׃", "text": "*wa-yəqōnēn* *ha-melek* to *ʾabnēr* *wa-yōʾmar* *hă-kəmôt* *nābāl* *yāmût* *ʾabnēr*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəqōnēn*": "conjunction + Polel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he lamented", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*wa-yōʾmar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*hă-kəmôt*": "interrogative particle + preposition + infinitive construct of מות (to die) - as the death of", "*nābāl*": "noun masculine singular - fool", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - should die", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəqōnēn*": "he lamented/he sang a dirge/he mourned", "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless person/disgraceful person" } } 34 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.34", "source": "יָדֶ֣ךָ לֹֽא־אֲסֻר֗וֹת וְרַגְלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּ֣יִם הֻגַּ֔שׁוּ כִּנְפ֛וֹל לִפְנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַוְלָ֖ה נָפָ֑לְתָּ וַיֹּסִ֥פוּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם לִבְכּ֥וֹת עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*yādeykā* not *ʾăsurôt* *wə-ragleykā* not to *nəḥuštayim* *huggāšû* as *kinpôl* before *bənê*-*ʿawlâ* *nāpāltā* *wa-yōsipû* all *hā-ʿām* *libkôt* upon him", "grammar": { "*yādeykā*": "noun feminine dual construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hands", "*ʾăsurôt*": "Qal passive participle feminine plural - bound", "*wə-ragleykā*": "conjunction + noun feminine dual construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your feet", "*nəḥuštayim*": "noun feminine dual - double fetters/bronze chains", "*huggāšû*": "Hophal perfect 3rd person plural - they were brought/put", "*kinpôl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - as falling of", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿawlâ*": "noun feminine singular - injustice/unrighteousness", "*nāpāltā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you fell", "*wa-yōsipû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural consecutive - and they continued/added", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*libkôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to weep" }, "variants": { "*ʾăsurôt*": "bound/tied/restricted", "*nəḥuštayim*": "bronze fetters/chains/shackles", "*huggāšû*": "were brought near/were presented/were applied", "*bənê*-*ʿawlâ*": "sons of injustice/wicked men/evil men" } } 35 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.35", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א כָל־הָעָ֗ם לְהַבְר֧וֹת אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לֶ֖חֶם בְּע֣וֹד הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע דָּוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י אִם־לִפְנֵ֧י בֽוֹא־הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֶטְעַם־לֶ֖חֶם א֥וֹ כָל־מְאֽוּמָה׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ* all *hā-ʿām* *ləhabrôt* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *leḥem* in still *ha-yôm* *wa-yiššābaʿ* *dāwid* *lēʾmōr* thus *yaʿăśeh*-to me *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-kōh* *yōsîp* that if before *bôʾ*-*ha-šemeš* *ʾeṭʿam*-*leḥem* or all *məʾûmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he came", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ləhabrôt*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to eat/to feed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*leḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*wa-yiššābaʿ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he swore", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he do", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God", "*wə-kōh*": "conjunction + adverb - and thus", "*yōsîp*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he add", "*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*ha-šemeš*": "definite article + noun common singular - the sun", "*ʾeṭʿam*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will taste", "*leḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food", "*məʾûmâ*": "noun masculine singular - anything" }, "variants": { "*ləhabrôt*": "to feed/to make eat/to provide food", "*yaʿăśeh*-to me *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-kōh* *yōsîp*": "may God do so to me and more also (formal oath formula)", "*ʾeṭʿam*": "I will taste/I will eat" } } 36 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.36", "source": "וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הִכִּ֔ירוּ וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם טֽוֹב׃", "text": "*wə-kol*-*hā-ʿām* *hikkîrû* *wa-yîṭab* in *ʿênêhem* as all *ʾăšer* *ʿāśâ* *ha-melek* in *ʿênê* all *hā-ʿām* *ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hikkîrû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they recognized/noticed", "*wa-yîṭab*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and it was good", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he did", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*ʿênê*": "noun feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good" }, "variants": { "*hikkîrû*": "they recognized/they noticed/they perceived", "*wa-yîṭab* in *ʿênêhem*": "it was good in their eyes/it pleased them" } } 37 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.37", "source": "וַיֵּדְע֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א הָיְתָה֙ מֵֽהַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃ פ", "text": "*wa-yēdʿû* all *hā-ʿām* *wə-kol*-*yiśrāʾēl* in *ha-yôm* *ha-hûʾ* that not *hāyətâ* from *ha-melek* *ləhāmît* *ʾet*-*ʾabnēr* *ben*-*nēr*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēdʿû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural consecutive - and they knew", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and all", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3rd person masculine singular - that", "*hāyətâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it was", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*ləhāmît*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to die/to kill", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*nēr*": "proper noun - Ner" }, "variants": { "*wa-yēdʿû*": "they knew/they recognized/they acknowledged", "*hāyətâ* from *ha-melek*": "it was from the king/it came from the king (meaning: it was the king's decision)" } } 38 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.38", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הֲל֣וֹא תֵדְע֔וּ כִּי־שַׂ֣ר וְגָד֗וֹל נָפַ֛ל הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ha-melek* to *ʿăbādāyw* *hălôʾ* *tēdʿû* that *śar* *wə-gādôl* *nāpal* *ha-yôm* *ha-zeh* in *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - do not", "*tēdʿû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you know", "*śar*": "noun masculine singular - chief/prince/commander", "*wə-gādôl*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and great", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he fell", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādāyw*": "his servants/his officials", "*śar*": "commander/chief/captain", "*nāpal*": "has fallen/died/been lost" } } 39 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.39", "source": "וְאָנֹכִ֨י הַיּ֥וֹם רַךְ֙ וּמָשׁ֣וּחַ מֶ֔לֶךְ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י צְרוּיָ֖ה קָשִׁ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נִּי יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה לְעֹשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה כְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ʾānōkî* *ha-yôm* *rak* *û-māšûaḥ* *melek* *wə-hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *bənê* *ṣərûyâ* *qāšîm* from me *yəšallēm* *yhwh* to *ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ* according to *rāʿātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st person common singular - and I", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day/today", "*rak*": "adjective masculine singular - tender/weak/soft", "*û-māšûaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular - and anointed", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular - king", "*wə-hā-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the men", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective common plural - these", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*qāšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - hard/severe/harsh", "*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he repay", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿōśēh*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - doer of", "*hā-rāʿâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the evil", "*rāʿātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his evil" }, "variants": { "*rak*": "tender/weak/gentle/soft", "*qāšîm*": "too hard/harsh/severe/difficult", "*yəšallēm*": "may he repay/may he restore/may he recompense", "*ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ*": "doer of evil/evildoer" } }
• 2 Sam 11:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.6", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב שְׁלַ֣ח אֵלַ֔י אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה הַחִתִּ֑י וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wa-yishlach Dāwid ʾel-Yôʾāb shəlach ʾēlay ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî* and *wa-yishlach Yôʾāb ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾel-Yôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joab", "*shəlach*": "imperative masculine singular - send", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David" }, "variants": { "*shəlach*": "send/dispatch", "*ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*": "Uriah the Hittite" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.7", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל דָּוִ֗ד לִשְׁל֤וֹם יוֹאָב֙ וְלִשְׁל֣וֹם הָעָ֔ם וְלִשְׁל֖וֹם הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ ʾÛrîyâ ʾēlāyw* and *wa-yishʾal Dāwid li-shlôm Yôʾāb wə-li-shlôm hā-ʿām wə-li-shlôm ha-milchāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wa-yishʾal*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he asked", "*li-shlôm*": "preposition lamed + construct state - about the welfare of", "*wə-li-shlôm*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + construct state - and about the welfare of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people/troops", "*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle" }, "variants": { "*yishʾal*": "asked/inquired about", "*shlôm*": "welfare/peace/health/condition", "*hā-ʿām*": "the people/the troops/the army", "*ha-milchāmâ*": "the war/the battle/the fighting" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְא֣וּרִיָּ֔‪[t]‬ה רֵ֥ד לְבֵיתְךָ֖ וּרְחַ֣ץ רַגְלֶ֑יךָ וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֽוּרִיָּה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתֵּצֵ֥א אַחֲרָ֖יו מַשְׂאַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer Dāwid lə-ʾÛrîyâ rēd lə-bêytchā û-rəchaṣ raglêychā* and *wa-yēṣēʾ ʾÛrîyâ mi-bêyt ha-melech* and *wa-tēṣēʾ ʾachărāyw masʾat ha-melech*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lə-ʾÛrîyâ*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to Uriah", "*rēd*": "imperative masculine singular - go down", "*lə-bêytchā*": "preposition lamed + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your house", "*û-rəchaṣ*": "conjunction + imperative masculine singular - and wash", "*raglêychā*": "noun feminine dual construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your feet", "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*mi-bêyt ha-melech*": "from the house of the king", "*wa-tēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it went out", "*ʾachărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - after him", "*masʾat ha-melech*": "portion/gift of the king" }, "variants": { "*rēd*": "go down/descend/go home", "*rəchaṣ raglêychā*": "wash your feet/refresh yourself/rest", "*masʾat ha-melech*": "portion from the king/gift from the king/royal present" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.9", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אוּרִיָּ֗ה פֶּ֚תַח בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָרַ֖ד אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yishkab ʾÛrîyâ petach bêyt ha-melech ʾēt kol-ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw* and not *yārad ʾel-bêytô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yishkab*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay down", "*petach*": "noun masculine singular construct - at the entrance of", "*bêyt ha-melech*": "house of the king", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - with", "*kol-ʿabdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - all the servants of", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lord/master", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negation - and not", "*yārad*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went down", "*ʾel-bêytô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his house" }, "variants": { "*yishkab*": "lay down/slept", "*petach*": "entrance/doorway/opening", "*ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw*": "servants of his lord/master/king's servants" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.10", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יָרַ֥ד אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה הֲל֤וֹא מִדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אַתָּ֣ה בָ֔א מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹֽא־יָרַ֥דְתָּ אֶל־בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*wa-yaggîdû lə-Dāwid lēʾmōr lōʾ-yārad ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-bêytô* and *wa-yōʾmer Dāwid ʾel-ʾÛrîyâ hălôʾ mi-derech ʾattâ bāʾ madûaʿ lōʾ-yāradtā ʾel-bêytechā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaggîdû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural hiphil - and they told", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to David", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lōʾ-yārad*": "negation + perfect 3rd masculine singular - did not go down", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negation - is it not that", "*mi-derech*": "preposition min + noun feminine singular - from a journey", "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you", "*bāʾ*": "participle masculine singular - coming", "*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*lōʾ-yāradtā*": "negation + perfect 2nd masculine singular - you did not go down", "*ʾel-bêytechā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your house" }, "variants": { "*yaggîdû*": "told/reported/informed", "*mi-derech*": "from a journey/from travel/from the road", "*madûaʿ*": "why/for what reason" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אוּרִיָּ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הָ֠אָרוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִֽיהוּדָ֜ה יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בַּסֻּכּ֗וֹת וַאדֹנִ֨י יוֹאָ֜ב וְעַבְדֵ֤י אֲדֹנִ֨י עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ חֹנִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֞י אָב֧וֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִ֛י לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּ֖וֹת וְלִשְׁכַּ֣ב עִם־אִשְׁתִּ֑י חַיֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אִֽם־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-Dāwid hā-ʾārôn wə-Yisrāʾēl wi-Yhûdâ yōshbîm ba-sukkôt wa-ʾadōnî Yôʾāb wə-ʿabdê ʾadōnî ʿal-pənê ha-sādeh chōnîm wa-ʾănî ʾābôʾ ʾel-bêytî le-ʾechōl wə-lishtôt wə-lishkab ʿim-ʾishtî chayyechā wə-chêy nafshechā ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh ʾet-ha-dābār ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hā-ʾārôn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the ark", "*wə-Yisrāʾēl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Israel", "*wi-Yhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*yōshbîm*": "participle masculine plural - dwelling/staying", "*ba-sukkôt*": "preposition bet + noun feminine plural - in booths/tents", "*wa-ʾadōnî*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and my lord", "*wə-ʿabdê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and servants of", "*ʿal-pənê*": "preposition + noun common plural construct - upon the face of", "*ha-sādeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the field", "*chōnîm*": "participle masculine plural - encamping/camping", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st common singular - and I", "*ʾābôʾ*": "imperfect 1st common singular - shall I come/go", "*le-ʾechōl*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*wə-lishtôt*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - and to drink", "*wə-lishkab*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - and to lie", "*ʿim-ʾishtî*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st common singular suffix - with my wife", "*chayyechā*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - by your life", "*wə-chêy*": "conjunction + construct state - and by the life of", "*nafshechā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh*": "particle + imperfect 1st common singular - if I will do", "*ha-dābār ha-zeh*": "the thing the this - this thing" }, "variants": { "*hā-ʾārôn*": "the ark [of the covenant]", "*sukkôt*": "booths/tents/temporary shelters", "*ʿal-pənê ha-sādeh*": "in the open field/on the battlefield", "*chōnîm*": "encamping/camping/bivouacking", "*chayyechā wə-chêy nafshechā*": "by your life and by the life of your soul [oath formula]", "*ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh*": "if I do [negative oath formula: I will surely not do]" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה שֵׁ֥ב בָּזֶּ֛ה גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֣ר אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב אוּרִיָּ֧ה בִירוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וּמִֽמָּחֳרָֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer Dāwid ʾel-ʾÛrîyâ shēb bā-zeh gam-ha-yôm û-māchār ʾăshallĕchekā* and *wa-yēsheb ʾÛrîyâ bi-Yrûshālaim ba-yôm ha-hûʾ û-mi-māchŏrāt*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*shēb*": "imperative masculine singular - remain/stay", "*bā-zeh*": "preposition bet + demonstrative pronoun - in this [place]", "*gam-ha-yôm*": "particle + definite article + noun masculine singular - also today", "*û-māchār*": "conjunction + adverb - and tomorrow", "*ʾăshallĕchekā*": "imperfect 1st common singular piel + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will send you away", "*wa-yēsheb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stayed", "*bi-Yrûshālaim*": "preposition bet + proper noun - in Jerusalem", "*ba-yôm ha-hûʾ*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular + definite article + pronoun - in that day", "*û-mi-māchŏrāt*": "conjunction + preposition min + noun feminine singular - and on the next day" }, "variants": { "*shēb*": "stay/remain/dwell", "*ʾăshallĕchekā*": "I will send you away/dismiss you/let you go", "*ba-yôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day/at that time", "*û-mi-māchŏrāt*": "and on the next day/and on the morrow" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.13", "source": "וַיִּקְרָא־ל֣וֹ דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֧אכַל לְפָנָ֛יו וַיֵּ֖שְׁתְּ וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיֵּצֵ֣א בָעֶ֗רֶב לִשְׁכַּ֤ב בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ עִם־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔יו וְאֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לֹ֥א יָרָֽד׃", "text": "*wa-yiqrāʾ-lô Dāwid* and *wa-yōʾchal lə-fānāyw* and *wa-yēsht* and *wa-yshakkrēhû* and *wa-yēṣēʾ bā-ʿereb li-shkab bə-mishkābô ʿim-ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw wə-ʾel-bêytô lōʾ yārād*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqrāʾ-lô*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular + preposition lamed + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he called to him", "*wa-yōʾchal*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he ate", "*lə-fānāyw*": "preposition lamed + noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him", "*wa-yēsht*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he drank", "*wa-yshakkrēhû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular piel + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he made him drunk", "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*bā-ʿereb*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the evening", "*li-shkab*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to lie down", "*bə-mishkābô*": "preposition bet + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his bed", "*ʿim-ʿabdê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - with the servants of", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master", "*wə-ʾel-bêytô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his house", "*lōʾ yārād*": "negation + perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did not go down" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ-lô*": "invited him/called to him/summoned him", "*yōʾchal lə-fānāyw*": "ate before him/ate in his presence", "*yshakkrēhû*": "made him drunk/intoxicated him", "*mishkābô*": "his bed/couch/place to lie down" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.14", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד סֵ֖פֶר אֶל־יוֹאָ֑ב וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח בְּיַ֥ד אוּרִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yhiy ba-bōqer* and *wa-yichtōb Dāwid sēfer ʾel-Yôʾāb* and *wa-yishlach bə-yad ʾÛrîyâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*ba-bōqer*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the morning", "*wa-yichtōb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote", "*sēfer*": "noun masculine singular - letter/document", "*ʾel-Yôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joab", "*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*bə-yad*": "preposition bet + noun feminine singular construct - by the hand of" }, "variants": { "*sēfer*": "letter/document/scroll", "*bə-yad*": "by the hand of/through/by means of" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.15", "source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסֵּ֖פֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הָב֣וּ אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם מֵאַחֲרָ֖יו וְנִכָּ֥ה וָמֵֽת׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yichtōb ba-sēfer lēʾmōr hābû ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-mûl pənê ha-milchāmâ ha-chăzāqâ wə-shabtem mē-ʾachărāyw wə-nikkâ wā-mēt*", "grammar": { "*wa-yichtōb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote", "*ba-sēfer*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the letter", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hābû*": "imperative masculine plural - set/place", "*ʾel-mûl*": "preposition + preposition - opposite to", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of", "*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the battle", "*ha-chăzāqâ*": "definite article + adjective feminine singular - the fierce", "*wə-shabtem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall withdraw", "*mē-ʾachărāyw*": "preposition min + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from behind him", "*wə-nikkâ*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular niphal - and he will be struck", "*wā-mēt*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular - and die" }, "variants": { "*hābû*": "set/place/station/assign", "*ʾel-mûl pənê ha-milchāmâ ha-chăzāqâ*": "in front of the fiercest fighting/facing the strongest part of the battle", "*wə-shabtem mē-ʾachărāyw*": "withdraw from behind him/retreat from supporting him/pull back from him", "*wə-nikkâ wā-mēt*": "that he may be struck and die/so he will be hit and killed" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.16", "source": "וַיְהִ֕י בִּשְׁמ֥וֹר יוֹאָ֖ב אֶל־הָעִ֑יר וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־א֣וּרִיָּ֔ה אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wa-yhiy bi-shmôr Yôʾāb ʾel-hā-ʿîr* and *wa-yittēn ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-ha-māqôm ʾăsher yādaʿ kî ʾanshê-chayil shām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*bi-shmôr*": "preposition bet + qal infinitive construct - when observed/when watched", "*ʾel-hā-ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - at the city", "*wa-yittēn*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he assigned/placed", "*ʾel-ha-māqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the place", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yādaʿ*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - he knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾanshê-chayil*": "noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular - men of valor/mighty men", "*shām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*bi-shmôr*": "when observing/when besieging/when watching", "*ʾel-hā-ʿîr*": "at the city/against the city", "*yittēn*": "assigned/placed/stationed", "*ʾanshê-chayil*": "valiant men/mighty warriors/skilled fighters" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.17", "source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּפֹּ֥ל מִן־הָעָ֖ם מֵעַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיָּ֕מָת גַּ֖ם אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣəʾû ʾanshê hā-ʿîr* and *wa-yillāchămû ʾet-Yôʾāb* and *wa-yippōl min-hā-ʿām mē-ʿabdê Dāwid* and *wa-yāmāt gam ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣəʾû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*ʾanshê hā-ʿîr*": "noun masculine plural construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - men of the city", "*wa-yillāchămû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural niphal - and they fought", "*ʾet-Yôʾāb*": "direct object marker + proper noun - with Joab", "*wa-yippōl*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there fell", "*min-hā-ʿām*": "preposition min + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the people", "*mē-ʿabdê*": "preposition min + noun masculine plural construct - from the servants of", "*wa-yāmāt*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and died", "*gam*": "particle - also" }, "variants": { "*yēṣəʾû*": "went out/came out/sortied", "*yillāchămû*": "fought with/battled against", "*yippōl*": "fell/were killed", "*min-hā-ʿām mē-ʿabdê Dāwid*": "some of David's men/troops/servants" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.18", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yishlach Yôʾāb* and *wa-yaggēd lə-Dāwid ʾet-kol-dibrê ha-milchāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*wa-yaggēd*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - and he reported", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to David", "*ʾet-kol-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - all the matters of", "*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the battle" }, "variants": { "*yaggēd*": "reported/told/informed", "*dibrê ha-milchāmâ*": "matters of the battle/events of the war/battle report" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.19", "source": "וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּכַלּוֹתְךָ֗ אֵ֛ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wa-yṣaw ʾet-ha-malʾāch lēʾmōr kə-kallôtchā ʾēt kol-dibrê ha-milchāmâ lə-dabbēr ʾel-ha-melech*", "grammar": { "*wa-yṣaw*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular piel - and he commanded", "*ʾet-ha-malʾāch*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the messenger", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kə-kallôtchā*": "preposition kaf + piel infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - when you finish", "*ʾēt kol-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - all the matters of", "*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the battle", "*lə-dabbēr*": "preposition lamed + piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾel-ha-melech*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the king" }, "variants": { "*yṣaw*": "commanded/instructed/charged", "*malʾāch*": "messenger/envoy", "*kə-kallôtchā*": "when you finish/when you complete", "*dibrê ha-milchāmâ*": "matters of the battle/account of the fighting" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.20", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה אִֽם־תַּעֲלֶה֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָמַ֣ר לְךָ֔ מַדּ֛וּעַ נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶל־הָעִ֖יר לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם הֲל֣וֹא יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יֹר֖וּ מֵעַ֥ל הַחוֹמָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ ʾim-taʿăleh chămat ha-melech wə-ʾāmar ləchā madûaʿ niggashtem ʾel-hā-ʿîr lə-hillāchēm hălôʾ yədaʿtem ʾēt ʾăsher-yōrû mē-ʿal ha-chômâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*ʾim-taʿăleh*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd feminine singular qal - if rises", "*chămat*": "noun feminine singular construct - anger of", "*ha-melech*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he says", "*ləchā*": "preposition lamed + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*niggashtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural niphal - did you approach", "*ʾel-hā-ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the city", "*lə-hillāchēm*": "preposition lamed + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negation - did you not", "*yədaʿtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural - know", "*ʾēt ʾăsher-yōrû*": "direct object marker + relative pronoun + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - that they would shoot", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition min + preposition - from upon", "*ha-chômâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the wall" }, "variants": { "*taʿăleh chămat ha-melech*": "the king's anger rises/the king becomes angry", "*niggashtem*": "approached/drew near/advanced", "*yōrû*": "shoot/cast/throw [arrows or other projectiles]", "*mē-ʿal ha-chômâ*": "from upon the wall/from the top of the wall" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.21", "source": "מִֽי־הִכָּ֞ה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֣לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבֶּ֗שֶׁת הֲלֽוֹא־אִשָּׁ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יכָה עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨לַח רֶ֜כֶב מֵעַ֤ל הַֽחוֹמָה֙ וַיָּ֣מָת בְּתֵבֵ֔ץ לָ֥מָּה נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶל־הַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ גַּ֗ם עַבְדְּךָ֛ אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּ֖י מֵֽת׃", "text": "*mî-hikkâ ʾet-ʾĂbîmelech ben-Yərubbëshet hălôʾ-ʾishâ hishlîchâ ʿālāyw pelach recheb mē-ʿal ha-chômâ wa-yāmāt bə-Tēbēṣ lāmmâ niggashtem ʾel-ha-chômâ wə-ʾāmartā gam ʿabdəchā ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî mēt*", "grammar": { "*mî-hikkâ*": "interrogative + perfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - who struck", "*ʾet-ʾĂbîmelech*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Abimelech", "*ben-Yərubbëshet*": "son of Jerubbesheth [Jerubbaal/Gideon]", "*hălôʾ-ʾishâ*": "interrogative + negation + noun feminine singular - was it not a woman", "*hishlîchâ*": "perfect 3rd feminine singular hiphil - she threw", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*pelach recheb*": "piece of millstone", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition min + preposition - from upon", "*wa-yāmāt*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*bə-Tēbēṣ*": "preposition bet + proper noun - in Thebez", "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative - why", "*niggashtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural niphal - did you approach", "*ʾel-ha-chômâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the wall", "*wə-ʾāmartā*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine singular - then you shall say", "*gam*": "particle - also", "*ʿabdəchā*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*mēt*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - is dead" }, "variants": { "*ben-Yərubbëshet*": "son of Jerubbesheth/son of Jerubbaal (alternative name for Gideon)", "*pelach recheb*": "millstone piece/upper millstone", "*niggashtem ʾel-ha-chômâ*": "approached the wall/advanced to the wall" } }
• 2 Sam 18:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2Samuel.18.16", "source": "וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And-*yiṯqaʿ* *Yôʾāḇ* in-the-*šōp̄ār* and-*yāšāḇ* the-*ʿām* from-*rěḏōp̄* after *Yiśrāʾēl* because-*ḥāśaḵ* *Yôʾāḇ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*yiṯqaʿ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he blew", "*Yôʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Joab", "*šōp̄ār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the trumpet/ram's horn", "*yāšāḇ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he/it returned", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people/troops", "*rěḏōp̄*": "qal infinitive construct - pursuing", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥāśaḵ*": "third person masculine singular qal perfect - he restrained/held back/spared", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people/troops" }, "variants": { "*yiṯqaʿ*": "blew/sounded/played", "*šōp̄ār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar", "*yāšāḇ*": "returned/turned back/ceased", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/army", "*rěḏōp̄*": "pursuing/chasing after", "*ḥāśaḵ*": "restrained/spared/held back/withheld" } }