Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.32.14", "source": "כִּֽי־אַרְמ֣וֹן נֻטָּ֔שׁ הֲמ֥וֹן עִ֖יר עֻזָּ֑ב עֹ֣פֶל וָבַ֜חַן הָיָ֨ה בְעַ֤ד מְעָרוֹת֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ פְּרָאִ֖ים מִרְעֵ֥ה עֲדָרִֽים׃", "text": "For-*ʾarmôn* *nāṭaš*, *hāmôn* *ʿîr* *ʿāzab*; *ʿōpel* and-*baḥan* *hāyâ* for *məʿārôt* until-*ʿôlām*, *məśôś* *pərāʾîm* *mirʿê* *ʿădārîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarmôn*": "masculine singular noun - palace, fortress", "*nāṭaš*": "pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - has been forsaken, abandoned", "*hāmôn*": "masculine singular noun construct - multitude, crowd", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city, town", "*ʿāzab*": "pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - has been forsaken, abandoned", "*ʿōpel*": "masculine singular noun - hill, mound", "*baḥan*": "masculine singular noun - watchtower", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has become", "*məʿārôt*": "feminine plural noun - caves, dens", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever, eternity", "*məśôś*": "masculine singular noun - joy, delight", "*pərāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild donkeys", "*mirʿê*": "masculine singular noun construct - pasture", "*ʿădārîm*": "masculine plural noun - flocks, herds" }, "variants": { "*ʾarmôn*": "palace/fortress/citadel", "*nāṭaš*": "has been forsaken/abandoned/left", "*hāmôn*": "multitude/crowd/noise", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*ʿāzab*": "has been forsaken/abandoned/left", "*ʿōpel*": "hill/mound/elevated place", "*baḥan*": "watchtower/lookout post", "*hāyâ*": "has become/has been/will be", "*məʿārôt*": "caves/dens/hidden places", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*məśôś*": "joy/delight/pleasure", "*pərāʾîm*": "wild donkeys/onagers", "*mirʿê*": "pasture/grazing place", "*ʿădārîm*": "flocks/herds" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  For palasset skal bli forlatt, den støyende byen vil bli øde, høyden og tårnet skal bli til huler for alltid, en glede for ville esler, en beitemark for flokker.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Fordi palassene skal stå tomme, den store folkemengden i byen skal forlates; høydene og tårnene skal være til huler for alltid, en glede for villhestrene, en beitemark for buskapen.

• Norsk King James

  Fordi palassene skal være forlatt; flertallet av byen skal stå tom; festningene og tårnene skal bli til ruiner, til glede for ville esler, et beitemark for flokker.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  For palassene er forlatt, byens mengde er forlatt; Ophel og vakttårnet er blitt til huler for alltid, til glede for ville esler, til næring for buskapene;

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  For palasset skal bli forlatt, den travle byen skal bli forlatt, høyden og tårnet skal være øde for alltid, være vil så bli et sted for villdyrs glede og beite for flokker.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  For palassene skal bli forlatt; folkemassene i byen skal bli etterlatt; festningsverkene og tårnene skal bli til huler for alltid, en glede for ville esler, en beitemark for buskap;

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  For palassene skal bli forlatt, og byens folkemengde vil forsvinne; festningene og tårnene skal for evig bli til huler, et fristed for ville esler og en beite for flokker.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  For palassene skal bli forlatt; folkemassene i byen skal bli etterlatt; festningsverkene og tårnene skal bli til huler for alltid, en glede for ville esler, en beitemark for buskap;

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Palasset er forlatt, den travle byen er overgitt, åsen og vakttårnet er blitt til ensomhet for evig, en tilflukt for ville esler, en beitemark for flokker.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For the palace will be deserted, the bustling city abandoned; the hill and the watchtower will become wastelands forever—a delight for wild donkeys and a pasture for flocks.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  For palasset skal være forlatt, den tett befolkede byen skal være øde, høyden og tårnet skal bli til grotter for alltid, glede for villdyr, beitemark for flokker.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Thi Paladserne ere forladte, Stadens Mangfoldighed er forladt; Ophel og Vagttaarnet er blevet til Huler evindeligen, til Glæde for Vildæsler, til Føde for Hjordene;

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks;

• KJV 1769 norsk

  For palassene skal bli forlatt; folkemengden i byen skal bli igjen; fortene og tårnene skal være huler i evighet, en glede for ville esler, en beitemark for flokker.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the bustle of the city shall be abandoned; the forts and towers shall become dens forever, a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks;

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  For palasset skal bli forlatt; den folkerike byen skal bli øde; høyden og vakttårnet skal bli til huler for alltid, en glede for ville esler, en beitemark for flokker;

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Palasset er forlatt, folkemengden i byen er forlatt, festning og vakttårn har blitt huler for alltid, en glede for villdyr, en beite for flokker.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  For palasset skal bli forlatt; den tettsittende byen skal bli øde; høydetoppen og vakttårnet skal bli til huler for alltid, til glede for villdyr, til beite for flokker,

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  For de vakre husene vil stå tomme; byen som var full av støy vil bli en ødemark; høyden og vakttårnet vil stå tomme for alltid, en glede for skogens esler, et sted med mat for flokkene;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The palaces also shalbe broken, and the greatly occupide cities desolate. The towers and bulwerckes shalbe become dennes for euermore, the pleasure of Mules shalbe turned to pasture for shepe:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Because the palace shalbe forsaken, and the noise of the citie shalbe left: the towre and fortresse shalbe dennes for euer, & the delite of wilde asses, and a pasture for flockes,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The palaces also shalbe broke, and the greatly occupied cities desolate: The towres and bulwarkes shall become dennes for euermore, where wylde asses take their pleasure, and sheepe their pasture.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For the palace shall be forsaken; the populous city shall be deserted; the hill and the watch-tower shall be for dens forever, a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Surely the palace hath been left, The multitude of the city forsaken, Fort and watch-tower hath been for dens unto the age, A joy of wild asses -- a pasture of herds;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For the palace shall be forsaken; the populous city shall be deserted; the hill and the watch-tower shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For the fair houses will have no man living in them; the town which was full of noise will become a waste; the hill and the watchtower will be unpeopled for ever, a joy for the asses of the woods, a place of food for the flocks;

• World English Bible (2000)

  For the palace will be forsaken. The populous city will be deserted. The hill and the watchtower will be for dens forever, a delight for wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For the fortress is neglected; the once-crowded city is abandoned. Hill and watchtower are permanently uninhabited. Wild donkeys love to go there, and flocks graze there.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 24:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.10", "source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה קִרְיַת־תֹּ֑הוּ סֻגַּ֥ר כָּל־בַּ֖יִת מִבּֽוֹא׃", "text": "*nišbərāh* *qiryat*-*tōhû* *suggar* all-*bayit* from-*bôʾ*", "grammar": { "*nišbərāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is broken down", "*qiryat*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - city of", "*tōhû*": "common noun, masculine singular - emptiness/chaos", "*suggar*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is shut up", "*bayit*": "common noun, masculine singular - house", "*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition מ - from entering" }, "variants": { "*nišbərāh*": "is broken down/is shattered/is ruined", "*qiryat-tōhû*": "city of chaos/town of emptiness/city of confusion", "*suggar*": "is shut up/is closed/is barred", "*bôʾ*": "entering/going in/coming" } }
• Isa 24:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.12", "source": "נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת־שָֽׁעַר׃", "text": "*nišʾar* in-the-*ʿîr* *šammāh* and-*šəʾiyyāh* *yukkat*-*šāʿar*", "grammar": { "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the city", "*šammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with conjunction ו - and devastation", "*yukkat*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is beaten down", "*šāʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular - gate" }, "variants": { "*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "devastation/ruin/crash", "*yukkat*": "is beaten down/is battered/is struck", "*šāʿar*": "gate/entrance/city gate" } }
• Isa 25:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.25.2", "source": "כִּ֣י שַׂ֤מְתָּ מֵעִיר֙ לַגָּ֔ל קִרְיָ֥ה בְצוּרָ֖ה לְמַפֵּלָ֑ה אַרְמ֤וֹן זָרִים֙ מֵעִ֔יר לְעוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א יִבָּנֶֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *śamtā* *mēʿîr* to-the-*gāl* *qiryāh* *bĕṣûrāh* to-*mappēlāh* *ʾarmôn* *zārîm* from-*ʿîr* to-*ʿôlām* *lōʾ* *yibbāneh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*śamtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have made, placed", "*mēʿîr*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - from city", "*gāl*": "noun, masculine singular - heap, pile of ruins", "*qiryāh*": "noun, feminine singular - city, town", "*bĕṣûrāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - fortified, fenced", "*mappēlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - ruin, fall", "*ʾarmôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - palace, citadel", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers, foreigners", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever, eternity", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yibbāneh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be built" }, "variants": { "*śamtā mēʿîr lagāl*": "you have turned the city into a heap", "*qiryāh bĕṣûrāh*": "fortified city, strong town", "*mappēlāh*": "ruins, heap of ruins, downfall", "*ʾarmôn zārîm*": "palace/citadel of foreigners/strangers", "*lĕʿôlām lōʾ yibbāneh*": "never to be rebuilt, will not be built forever" } }
• Isa 27:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.27.10", "source": "כִּ֣י עִ֤יר בְּצוּרָה֙ בָּדָ֔ד נָוֶ֕ה מְשֻׁלָּ֥ח וְנֶעֱזָ֖ב כַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר שָׁ֣ם יִרְעֶ֥ה עֵ֛גֶל וְשָׁ֥ם יִרְבָּ֖ץ וְכִלָּ֥ה סְעִפֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "For *ʿîr* *bĕṣûrâ* *bādād* *nāweh* *mĕšullāḥ* and-*neʿĕzāb* like-the-*midbār* there *yirʿeh* *ʿēgel* and-there *yirbāṣ* and-*killâ* *sĕʿifeyhā*", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*bĕṣûrâ*": "feminine singular adjective - fortified/strong", "*bādād*": "masculine singular noun - isolated/alone/solitary", "*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - habitation/dwelling", "*mĕšullāḥ*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - sent away/forsaken/abandoned", "*neʿĕzāb*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - forsaken/abandoned", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*yirʿeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will graze/feed", "*ʿēgel*": "masculine singular noun - calf", "*yirbāṣ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will lie down/rest", "*killâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will consume/destroy", "*sĕʿifeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its branches" }, "variants": { "*bĕṣûrâ*": "fortified/strong/protected", "*bādād*": "isolated/alone/solitary/desolate", "*nāweh*": "habitation/dwelling/pasture", "*mĕšullāḥ*": "sent away/forsaken/abandoned", "*neʿĕzāb*": "forsaken/abandoned/deserted", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*yirʿeh*": "will graze/will feed/will pasture", "*yirbāṣ*": "will lie down/will rest/will recline", "*killâ*": "will consume/will destroy/will finish off", "*sĕʿifeyhā*": "its branches/its twigs/its boughs" } }
• Isa 34:11-17 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.11", "source": "וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wîrēšûhā* *qāʾat* *wĕqippôd* *wĕyanšôp* *wĕʿōrēb* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh* *wĕnāṭâ* *ʿālêhā* *qaw*-*tōhû* *wĕʾabnê*-*bōhû*", "grammar": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will possess it", "*qāʾat*": "feminine singular noun - pelican", "*wĕqippôd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and hedgehog/porcupine", "*wĕyanšôp*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and owl", "*wĕʿōrēb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and raven", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wĕnāṭâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will stretch out", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - over it", "*qaw*": "masculine singular construct - line of", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - chaos/emptiness", "*wĕʾabnê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and stones of", "*bōhû*": "masculine singular noun - void/emptiness" }, "variants": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "will possess it/will inherit it/will take possession of it", "*qāʾat*": "pelican/desert owl/cormorant", "*qippôd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*yanšôp*": "owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow", "*yiškĕnû*": "will dwell/will inhabit/will reside", "*nāṭâ*": "will stretch out/will extend/will measure", "*qaw*": "line/measuring line/cord", "*tōhû*": "chaos/emptiness/waste/formlessness", "*ʾabnê*": "stones/weights", "*bōhû*": "void/emptiness/desolation" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.13", "source": "וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕʿālĕtâ* *ʾarmĕnōtêhā* *sîrîm* *qimmôś* *wāḥôaḥ* *bĕmibṣārêhā* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *nĕwēh* *tannîm* *ḥāṣîr* *libnôt* *yaʿănâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿālĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will grow/come up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its citadels/palaces", "*sîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/briars", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - nettle/thorny weed", "*wāḥôaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and thistle/thorn", "*bĕmibṣārêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in its fortresses", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular construct - habitation of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals/dragons", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grass/enclosure", "*libnôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - for daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʿālĕtâ*": "will grow/will come up/will spring up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "its citadels/its palaces/its fortified towers", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*qimmôś*": "nettle/thorny weed/wild weeds", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thistle/thorn/bramble", "*mibṣārêhā*": "its fortresses/its strongholds", "*nĕwēh*": "habitation/dwelling place/pasture", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/wolves", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/court/enclosure", "*banôt*": "daughters", "*yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.14", "source": "וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃", "text": "*ûpāgĕšû* *ṣiyyîm* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyîm* *wĕśāʿîr* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *yiqrāʾ* *ʾak*-*šām* *hirgîʿâ* *lîlît* *ûmāṣĕʾâ* *lāh* *mānôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ûpāgĕšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will meet", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures", "*wĕśāʿîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and he-goat/satyr", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will call", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hirgîʿâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will rest/settle", "*lîlît*": "feminine singular noun - Lilith/night creature", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will find", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - resting place" }, "variants": { "*pāgĕšû*": "will meet/will encounter/will confront", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/hyenas/jackals", "*śāʿîr*": "he-goat/satyr/hairy one/demon", "*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/his neighbor/his fellow", "*yiqrāʾ*": "will call/will cry out/will proclaim", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hirgîʿâ*": "will rest/will settle/will find repose", "*lîlît*": "Lilith/night creature/night monster", "*māṣĕʾâ*": "will find/will discover", "*mānôaḥ*": "resting place/place of rest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.15", "source": "שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šāmmâ* *qinnĕnâ* *qippôz* *watĕmallēṭ* *ûbāqĕʿâ* *wĕdāgĕrâ* *bĕṣillāh* *ʾak*-*šām* *niqbĕṣû* *dayyôt* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh*", "grammar": { "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - makes/built a nest", "*qippôz*": "feminine singular noun - arrow snake", "*watĕmallēṭ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will lay eggs", "*ûbāqĕʿâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will hatch", "*wĕdāgĕrâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will gather", "*bĕṣillāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her shadow", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqbĕṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are gathered", "*dayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - kites/vultures", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion" }, "variants": { "*šāmmâ*": "there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "makes a nest/builds a nest/nests", "*qippôz*": "arrow snake/owl/dartsnake", "*tĕmallēṭ*": "will lay eggs/will give birth/will deliver", "*bāqĕʿâ*": "will hatch/will break open", "*dāgĕrâ*": "will gather/will brood over/will incubate", "*ṣillāh*": "her shadow/her shade", "*niqbĕṣû*": "are gathered/are assembled/are collected", "*dayyôt*": "kites/vultures/birds of prey", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her neighbor" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.16", "source": "דִּרְשׁ֨וּ מֵֽעַל־סֵ֤פֶר יְהוָה֙ וּֽקְרָ֔אוּ אַחַ֤ת מֵהֵ֙נָּה֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔רָה אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א פָקָ֑דוּ כִּֽי־פִי֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔ה וְרוּח֖וֹ ה֥וּא קִבְּצָֽן׃", "text": "*diršû* *mēʿal*-*sēper* *yhwh* *ûqĕrāʾû* *ʾaḥat* *mēhēnnâ* *lōʾ* *neʿdārâ* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh* *lōʾ* *pāqādû* *kî*-*pî* *hûʾ* *ṣiwwâ* *wĕrûḥô* *hûʾ* *qibbĕṣān*", "grammar": { "*diršû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct - book of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ûqĕrāʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and read", "*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular numeral - one", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - from these", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neʿdārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is missing", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*pāqādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they missed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my mouth", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*wĕrûḥô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his spirit/breath", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*qibbĕṣān*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - he has gathered them" }, "variants": { "*diršû*": "seek/search/inquire", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*qĕrāʾû*": "read/proclaim/call out", "*ʾaḥat*": "one/a single one", "*neʿdārâ*": "is missing/is lacking/is absent", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her partner", "*pāqādû*": "they missed/they lacked/they were without", "*pî*": "my mouth/his mouth", "*ṣiwwâ*": "has commanded/has ordered", "*rûḥô*": "his spirit/his breath/his wind", "*qibbĕṣān*": "has gathered them/has collected them/has assembled them" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.17", "source": "וְהֽוּא־הִפִּ֤יל לָהֶן֙ גּוֹרָ֔ל וְיָד֛וֹ חִלְּקַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם בַּקָּ֑ו עַד־עוֹלָם֙ יִֽירָשׁ֔וּהָ לְד֥וֹר וָד֖וֹר יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "*wĕhûʾ*-*hippîl* *lāhen* *gôrāl* *wĕyādô* *ḥillĕqattâ* *lāhem* *baqqāw* *ʿad*-*ʿôlām* *yîrāšûhā* *lĕdôr* *wādôr* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wĕhûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*hippîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast", "*lāhen*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for them", "*gôrāl*": "masculine singular noun - lot", "*wĕyādô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - has divided it", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*baqqāw*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the measuring line", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - eternity/forever", "*yîrāšûhā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will possess it", "*lĕdôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*hippîl*": "has cast/has thrown/has made fall", "*gôrāl*": "lot/lot (for dividing)/portion", "*yādô*": "his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "has divided it/has apportioned it/has allotted it", "*qāw*": "measuring line/cord/rule", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*yîrāšûhā*": "they will possess it/they will inherit it", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*yiškĕnû*": "they will dwell/they will inhabit/they will reside" } }
• Luke 21:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Luke.21.20", "source": "Ὅταν δὲ ἴδητε κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων τὴν Ἰερουσαλήμ, τότε γνῶτε ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς.", "text": "When *de* you *idēte* *kykloumenēn* by *stratopedōn* the *Ierousalēm*, then *gnōte* *hoti* *ēngiken* the *erēmōsis* of it.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*idēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you see", "*kykloumenēn*": "present passive participle, accusative feminine singular - being surrounded", "*stratopedōn*": "genitive neuter plural - armies", "*Ierousalēm*": "accusative feminine singular - Jerusalem", "*gnōte*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - know", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*ēngiken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - has drawn near", "*erēmōsis*": "nominative feminine singular - desolation" }, "variants": { "*de*": "and/but/now", "*idēte*": "see/observe/notice", "*kykloumenēn*": "being surrounded/being encircled", "*stratopedōn*": "armies/camps/military forces", "*gnōte*": "know/understand/recognize", "*hoti*": "that/because", "*ēngiken*": "has drawn near/is at hand/is close", "*erēmōsis*": "desolation/devastation/destruction" } }
• Luke 21:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Luke.21.24", "source": "Καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας, καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη: καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ Ἐθνῶν, ἄχρι πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ Ἐθνῶν.", "text": "*Kai* they will *pesountai* by *stomati* of *machairas*, *kai* will be *aichmalōtisthēsontai* to all the *ethnē*: *kai* *Ierousalēm* *estai* *patoumenē* by *Ethnōn*, until are *plērōthōsin* *kairoi* of *Ethnōn*.", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*pesountai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they will fall", "*stomati*": "dative neuter singular - edge/mouth", "*machairas*": "genitive feminine singular - sword", "*aichmalōtisthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they will be taken captive", "*ethnē*": "accusative neuter plural - nations", "*Ierousalēm*": "nominative feminine singular - Jerusalem", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be", "*patoumenē*": "present passive participle, nominative feminine singular - being trampled", "*Ethnōn*": "genitive neuter plural - Gentiles/nations", "*plērōthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - may be fulfilled", "*kairoi*": "nominative masculine plural - times/seasons" }, "variants": { "*Kai*": "and/also", "*pesountai*": "will fall/will be killed", "*stomati*": "edge/mouth/blade", "*machairas*": "sword/knife", "*aichmalōtisthēsontai*": "will be taken captive/will be led away as prisoners", "*ethnē*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*estai*": "will be/shall be", "*patoumenē*": "being trampled/being trodden down", "*Ethnōn*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples", "*plērōthōsin*": "may be fulfilled/may be completed", "*kairoi*": "times/seasons/appointed periods" } }
• Rev 18:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.2", "source": "Καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμόνων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου.", "text": "And *ekraxen* with *ischyra* *phōnē* *megalē*, *legōn*, *Epesen*, *epesen* *Babylōn* the *megalē*, and *egeneto* *katoikētērion* of *daimonōn*, and *phylakē* of every *pneumatos* *akathartou*, and *phylakē* of every *orneou* *akathartou* and *memisēmenou*.", "grammar": { "*ekraxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - cried out/shouted", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with/in", "*ischyra*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - strong/mighty", "*phōnē*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*epesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - fell/has fallen", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great/mighty", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/has become", "*katoikētērion*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - dwelling place/habitation", "*daimonōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - demons/evil spirits", "*phylakē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - prison/hold/cage", "*pantos*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - every/all", "*pneumatos*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - spirit", "*akathartou*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - unclean/impure", "*orneou*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - bird", "*memisēmenou*": "perfect passive participle, genitive, neuter, singular - hated/detested" }, "variants": { "*ekraxen*": "cried out/shouted/exclaimed", "*ischyra*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/tone", "*megalē*": "great/loud/mighty", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*epesen*": "fell/has fallen/collapsed", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*egeneto*": "became/has become/came to be", "*katoikētērion*": "dwelling place/habitation/residence", "*daimonōn*": "demons/evil spirits/supernatural beings", "*phylakē*": "prison/cage/hold/watch", "*pneumatos*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*akathartou*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*orneou*": "bird/fowl", "*memisēmenou*": "hated/detested/despised" } } 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.3", "source": "Ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πέπτωκαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετʼ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.", "text": "Because from the *oinou* of the *thymou* of the *porneias* of her *peptōkan* all the *ethnē*, and the *basileis* of the *gēs* with her *eporneusan*, and the *emporoi* of the *gēs* from the *dynameōs* of the *strēnous* of her *eploutēsan*.", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*tou oinou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*tou thymou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/passion/fury", "*tēs porneias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - fornication/sexual immorality", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*peptōkan*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - have fallen/have drunk", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*eporneusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - committed fornication/sexual immorality", "*emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants/traders", "*dynameōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - power/might/abundance", "*strēnous*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - luxury/sensuality/wantonness", "*eploutēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich/wealthy" }, "variants": { "*oinou*": "wine/intoxicating drink", "*thymou*": "wrath/passion/fury/anger", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*peptōkan*": "have fallen/have drunk/have been corrupted", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*eporneusan*": "committed sexual immorality/fornicated with", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*dynameōs*": "power/might/strength/abundance", "*strēnous*": "luxury/sensuality/wantonness/self-indulgence", "*eploutēsan*": "became rich/wealthy/affluent" } }
• 2 Kgs 25:9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Kings.25.9", "source": "וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית גָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yiśrōp* *ʾet* *bêt* *YHWH* and *ʾet* *bêt* the *melek* and *ʾēt* all *bāttê* *yərûšālayim* and *ʾet* all *bayit* *gādôl* *śārap* with the *ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiśrōp*": "conjunction + consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*śārap*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition and definite article - with the fire" }, "variants": { "*yiśrōp*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*bêt*": "house/temple/palace", "*śārap* *bāʾēš*": "burned with fire/completely burned" } }
• Ps 104:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.11", "source": "יַ֭שְׁקוּ כָּל־חַיְת֣וֹ שָׂדָ֑י יִשְׁבְּר֖וּ פְרָאִ֣ים צְמָאָֽם׃", "text": "*yashqû* *kol*-*ḥaytô* *śādāy* *yishbĕrû* *phĕrāʾîm* *ṣĕmāʾām*", "grammar": { "*yashqû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person plural - they give drink", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ḥaytô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - beasts of", "*śādāy*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*yishbĕrû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they break/quench", "*phĕrāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wild donkeys", "*ṣĕmāʾām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their thirst" }, "variants": { "*yashqû*": "give drink, water, irrigate", "*ḥaytô*": "beasts, animals, living creatures", "*śādāy*": "field, open country, countryside", "*yishbĕrû*": "break, quench, satisfy", "*phĕrāʾîm*": "wild donkeys, onagers", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "thirst, drought" } }
• Isa 5:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.9", "source": "בְּאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־לֹ֞א בָּתִּ֤ים רַבִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה יִֽהְי֔וּ גְּדֹלִ֥ים וְטוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "In *bəʾoznāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*, surely if not [oath formula] *bāttîm* *rabbîm* for *ləšammâ* *yihyû*, *gədōlîm* and *wə*-*ṭôbîm* from *mēʾên* *yôšēb*.", "grammar": { "*bəʾoznāy*": "preposition with feminine dual noun construct - in the ears of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative particle - if not [oath formula]", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun - houses", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - for desolation", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will become", "*gədōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - large/great", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṭôbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good/fine", "*mēʾên*": "preposition with construct particle - from there being no", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*ləšammâ*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } }
• Isa 6:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.11", "source": "וָאֹמַ֕ר עַד־מָתַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר֩ אִם־שָׁא֨וּ עָרִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֗ב וּבָתִּים֙ מֵאֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה תִּשָּׁאֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃", "text": "*Wāʾōmar* until-when *ʾădōnāy* *wayyōʾmer* until that if-*shāʾû* *ʿārîm* from *ʾêyn* *yôshēb* and *bāttîm* from *ʾêyn* *ʾādām* and the *ʾădāmāh* *tishshāʾeh* *shəmāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*Wāʾōmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*shāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate/ruined", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*ʾêyn*": "particle of negation construct - without", "*yôshēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/ground", "*tishshāʾeh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is laid waste", "*shəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation" }, "variants": { "*ʿad-mātay*": "until when/how long/until what time", "*ʾădōnāy*": "Lord/Master/my Lord (divine title)", "*shāʾāh*": "be desolate/ruined/devastated", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*yôshēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*bayit*": "house/home/household", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*shāʾāh*": "be desolate/laid waste", "*shəmāmāh*": "desolation/wasteland/ruin" } }
• Isa 13:19-22 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.19", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyəṯāh* *Bāḇel* *ṣəḇî* *mamləḵôṯ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *gəʾôn* *Kaśdîm* like-*mahpēḵaṯ* *ʾĔlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*Səḏōm* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*ʿĂmōrāh*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will be", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ṣəḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/beauty of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - kingdoms", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - splendor/beauty of", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*kəmahpēḵaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - like the overthrow of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God", "*ʾeṯ-səḏōm*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sodom", "*wəʾeṯ-ʿămōrāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇî*": "glory/beauty/splendor/majesty", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "splendor/beauty/glory/adornment", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation", "*mahpēḵaṯ*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.20", "source": "לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "Not-*ṯēšēḇ* for-*neṣaḥ* *wə*-not *ṯiškōn* until-*dôr* *wā*-*ḏôr* *wə*-not-*yahēl* there *ʿĂrāḇî* *wə*-*rōʿîm* not-*yarbîṣû* there", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯēšēḇ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will not dwell/sit", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/forever", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯiškōn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwell", "*ʿaḏ-dôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - until generation", "*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and generation", "*wəlōʾ-yahēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not pitch tent", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿărāḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular - Arab/nomad", "*wərōʿîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - and shepherds", "*lōʾ-yarbîṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will not make lie down", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ṯēšēḇ*": "will dwell/sit/remain", "*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*ṯiškōn*": "will be inhabited/will dwell/will abide", "*dôr wāḏôr*": "generation and generation/generation to generation/all generations", "*yahēl*": "will pitch tent/will camp/will dwell temporarily", "*ʿărāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/herdsmen/pastors", "*yarbîṣû*": "will make lie down/will cause to rest/will let their flocks rest" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.21", "source": "וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*rāḇṣû*-there *ṣiyyîm* *û*-*mālʾû* *ḇāttêhem* *ʾōḥîm* *wə*-*šāḵnû* there *bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh* *û*-*śəʿîrîm* *yəraqqəḏû*-there", "grammar": { "*wərāḇṣû-šām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + adverb - and will lie down there", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - desert creatures/wild beasts", "*ûmālʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will fill", "*ḇāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*ʾōḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - howling creatures/owls", "*wəšāḵnû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will dwell", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*bənôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ostrich", "*ûśəʿîrîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and goat-demons/satyrs", "*yəraqqəḏû-šām*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + adverb - will dance there" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/animals of the desert", "*ʾōḥîm*": "howling creatures/owls/jackals", "*bənôṯ yaʿănāh*": "daughters of the ostrich/female ostriches/owls", "*śəʿîrîm*": "goat-demons/satyrs/wild goats/hairy goats" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.22", "source": "וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿānāh* *ʾiyyîm* in-*ʾalmənôṯāyw* *wə*-*ṯannîm* in-*hêḵəlê* *ʿōneg* *wə*-*qārôḇ* to-come *ʿittāh* *wə*-*yāmêhā* not *yimmāšēḵû*", "grammar": { "*wəʿānāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will answer/cry", "*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - hyenas/howling creatures", "*bəʾalmənôṯāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his/its widow-places/desolate palaces", "*wəṯannîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and jackals/dragons", "*bəhêḵəlê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural, construct - in palaces of", "*ʿōneg*": "noun, masculine, singular - pleasure/luxury/delight", "*wəqārôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and near", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*ʿittāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her time", "*wəyāmêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her days", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be prolonged/extended" }, "variants": { "*ʿānāh*": "will answer/cry/howl/respond", "*ʾiyyîm*": "hyenas/howling creatures/wild dogs/jackals", "*ʾalmənôṯāyw*": "his widow-places/desolate palaces/forsaken places", "*ṯannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*hêḵəlê*": "palaces/temples", "*ʿōneg*": "pleasure/luxury/delight", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "will be prolonged/extended/delayed" } }
• Isa 24:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* like-the-*ʿām* like-the-*kōhēn*, like-the-*ʿebed* like-*ʾadōnāyw*, like-the-*šipḥāh* like-*gəbirtāh*, like-the-*qōneh* like-the-*mōkēr*, like-the-*malweh* like-the-*lōweh*, like-the-*nōšeh* like-*ʾašer* *nōśēʾ* in-him", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the people", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the priest", "*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the servant", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition כ - like his masters", "*šipḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the maidservant", "*gəbirtāh*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition כ - like her mistress", "*qōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the buyer", "*mōkēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the seller", "*malweh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the lender", "*lōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the borrower", "*nōšeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the creditor", "*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun with preposition כ - like one who", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying/owing", "בֽוֹ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him/to him" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall happen", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave", "*gəbirtāh*": "her mistress/her lady", "*qōneh*": "buyer/purchaser", "*mōkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*malweh*": "lender/creditor", "*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/one who lends", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/owing debt" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.3", "source": "הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Hibbōq* *tibbōq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*hibbōz* *tibbōz* *kî* *YHWH* *dibbēr* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*", "grammar": { "*Hibbōq*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly emptied", "*tibbōq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be emptied", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*hibbōz*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly plundered", "*tibbōz*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be plundered", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dābār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this" }, "variants": { "*Hibbōq tibbōq*": "will be utterly emptied/completely laid waste/certainly devastated", "*hibbōz tibbōz*": "will be utterly plundered/completely despoiled/certainly looted", "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/has said/has declared", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech" } }