Verse 30

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.30", "source": "כִּֽי־הָי֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אַ֣ךְ עֹשִׂ֥ים הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינַ֖י מִנְּעֻרֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַ֣ךְ מַכְעִסִ֥ים אֹתִ֛י בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "For *hāyû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* and *bənê yəhûdāh* *ʾak* *ʿōśîm* *hāraʿ* in *ʿênay* from *nəʿurōtêhem*; for *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* *ʾak* *makʿisîm* *ʾōtî* with *maʿăśēh* *yədêhem*, *nəʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - 'they have been'", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - 'sons of Israel'", "*bənê yəhûdāh*": "construct state - 'sons of Judah'", "*ʾak*": "adverb - 'only/surely'", "*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - 'doing/continually doing'", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the evil'", "*ʿênay*": "feminine dual noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my eyes'", "*nəʿurōtêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their youth'", "*makʿisîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural - 'provoking/causing anger'", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1st person singular suffix - 'me'", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - 'work of'", "*yədêhem*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their hands'", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct state - 'declaration of YHWH'" }, "variants": { "*ʾak*": "only/surely/nevertheless", "*hāraʿ*": "the evil/wickedness/wrong", "*makʿisîm*": "provoking to anger/vexing/offending", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/word of the LORD/oracle of YHWH" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det onde i mine øyne fra sin ungdom. Israels barn har bare tirret meg med deres henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har kun gjort det onde i mine øyne fra deres ungdom; for Israels barn har kun vakt min vrede med sine henders verk, sier Herren.

• Norsk King James

  For Israels sønner og Judas sønner har utelukkende gjort det onde i mine øyne fra deres ungdom; for Israels barn har kun provosert meg til vrede med sine hender, sier Herren.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har gjort det som er ondt i mine øyne, fra sin ungdom; ja, Israels barn har bare vekket min harme med sine henders verk, sier Herren.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det som er ondt i mine øyne fra sin ungdom av. For Israels barn har kun vekket meg til harme med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har stadig gjort ondt foran meg fra sin ungdom; ja, Israels barn har bare provosert meg med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har siden ung alder gjort bare ondt for meg; Israels barn har bare fremkalt min vrede ved verkene av sine hender, sier HERREN.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har stadig gjort ondt foran meg fra sin ungdom; ja, Israels barn har bare provosert meg med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har fra sin ungdom bare gjort det som er ondt i mine øyne. Israels barn har stadig provosert meg med sine gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For the sons of Israel and the sons of Judah have only done what is evil in My eyes since their youth. Indeed, the sons of Israel have only provoked Me to anger by the work of their hands, declares the LORD.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det onde i mine øyne fra deres ungdom av. For Israels barn har bare vakt min vrede med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Thi Israels Børn og Judæ Børn have sandeligen gjort Ondt for mine Øine fra deres Ungdom af; ja, Israels Børn have sandeligen opirret mig med deres Hænders Gjerning, siger Herren.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith the LORD.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har kun gjort det som er ondt foran meg fra sin ungdom av. For Israels barn har kun opprørt meg med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, says the LORD.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith the LORD.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det som er ondt i mine øyne fra deres ungdom av; for Israels barn har bare vekket meg til vrede med sine henders verk, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det onde i mine øyne fra deres ungdom; for Israels barn har bare vekket min harme med det som deres hender har laget, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har bare gjort det som var ondt i mine øyne helt fra deres ungdom; for Israels barn har bare provosert meg til vrede med sine henders gjerninger, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  For Israels barn og Judas barn har ikke gjort annet enn det som er ondt i mine øyne fra sin tidligste tid: Israels barn har bare egget meg til vrede med sine hendelsers verk, sier Herren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For seinge the children of Israel and the children of Iuda haue wrought wickednes before me euer from their youth vp, what haue they els done, but prouoked me with the workes of their owne hondes? saieth the LORDE.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For the children of Israel, and the children of Iudah haue surely done euill before me from their youth: for the children of Israel haue surely prouoked me to anger with the workes of their hands, saith the Lord.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For the chyldren of Israel and the chyldren of Iuda haue only ben doyng wickednesse before me from their youth vp, they haue ben only prouoking me to wrath with the workes of their owne handes, saith the Lorde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith the LORD.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have done only that which was evil in my sight from their youth; for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, says Yahweh.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  For the sons of Israel and the sons of Judah have been only doing evil in Mine eyes, from their youth; for the sons of Israel are only provoking Me with the work of their hands -- an affirmation of Jehovah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have done only that which was evil in my sight from their youth; for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith Jehovah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have done nothing but evil in my eyes from their earliest years: the children of Israel have only made me angry with the work of their hands, says the Lord.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have done only that which was evil in my sight from their youth; for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, says Yahweh.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This will happen because the people of Israel and Judah have repeatedly done what displeases me from their earliest history until now and because they have repeatedly made me angry by the things they have done. I, the LORD, affirm it!

Referenced Verses

• Jer 7:22-26 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.22", "source": "כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דִבַּ֤רְתִּי אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֔ים בְּי֛וֹם *הוציא **הוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֥י עוֹלָ֖ה וָזָֽבַח׃", "text": "For not-*dibbartî ʾet-ʾăbôtêkem* and-not-*ṣiwwîtîm* in-*yôm hôṣîʾî* them from-*ʾereṣ miṣrāyim* concerning-*dibrê ʿôlāh wāzābaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*dibbartî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I spoke", "*ʾet-ʾăbôtêkem*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with your fathers", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I commanded them", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun construct - day of", "*hôṣîʾî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct of *dābār* - matters of", "*ʿôlāh*": "feminine singular noun - burnt offering", "*wāzābaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and sacrifice" }, "variants": { "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/I talked/I declared", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "I commanded them/I ordered them/I instructed them", "*hôṣîʾî*": "my bringing out/my leading out/my causing to go out", "*dibrê*": "matters of/words of/things of", "*ʿôlāh*": "burnt offering/whole burnt sacrifice", "*zābaḥ*": "sacrifice/slaughtered offering" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.23", "source": "כִּ֣י אִֽם־אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַ֠זֶּה צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹתָ֤ם לֵאמֹר֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י וְהָיִ֤יתִי לָכֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּֽהְיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֑ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן יִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "But *kî ʾim-ʾet-haddābār hazzeh ṣiwwîtî ʾôtām lēʾmōr šimʿû bəqôlî wəhāyîtî lākem lēʾlōhîm wəʾattem tihyû-lî ləʿām wahalaktem bəkol-hadderek ʾăšer ʾăṣawweh ʾetkem ləmaʿan yîṭab lākem*.", "grammar": { "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but rather", "*ʾet-haddābār*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - this word/thing", "*hazzeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - listen/hear/obey", "*bəqôlî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - to my voice", "*wəhāyîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive - and I will be", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - as God", "*wəʾattem*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - and you", "*tihyû-lî*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - you will be to me", "*ləʿām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as a people", "*wahalaktem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and you shall walk", "*bəkol-hadderek*": "preposition + noun + definite article + masculine singular noun - in all the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I command", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - so that/in order that", "*yîṭab*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be good", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "I commanded/I ordered/I instructed", "*šimʿû*": "listen/hear/obey", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*derekh*": "way/road/path/journey", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "I command/I instruct/I order", "*yîṭab*": "it will be good/it will go well/it will prosper" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.24", "source": "וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּמֹ֣עֵצ֔וֹת בִּשְׁרִר֖וּת לִבָּ֣ם הָרָ֑ע וַיִּהְי֥וּ לְאָח֖וֹר וְלֹ֥א לְפָנִֽים׃", "text": "And-not *šāməʿû* and-not-*hiṭṭû ʾet-ʾoznām wayyēlkû bəmōʿēṣôt bišrirût libbām hārāʿ wayyihyû ləʾāḥôr* and-not *ləpānîm*.", "grammar": { "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they listened/heard", "*hiṭṭû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they inclined/turned", "*ʾet-ʾoznām*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their ear", "*wayyēlkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and they walked", "*bəmōʿēṣôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - in counsels/advice", "*bišrirût*": "preposition + feminine singular noun construct - in stubbornness of", "*libbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*hārāʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*wayyihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and they became", "*ləʾāḥôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - backward/behind", "*ləpānîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - forward/ahead" }, "variants": { "*šāməʿû*": "they listened/they heard/they obeyed", "*hiṭṭû*": "they inclined/they turned/they bent", "*mōʿēṣôt*": "counsels/advice/plans", "*šrirût*": "stubbornness/hardness/obstinacy", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/behind/backside", "*pānîm*": "forward/ahead/face" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.25", "source": "לְמִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים י֖וֹם הַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹֽחַ׃", "text": "From-*min-hayyôm ʾăšer yāṣəʾû ʾăbôtêkem mēʾereṣ miṣrayim* until *hayyôm hazzeh wāʾešlaḥ ʾălêkem ʾet-kol-ʿăbāday hannəbîʾîm yôm haškēm wəšālōaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*min-hayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the day", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāṣəʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they went out", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hayyôm hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular noun + definite article + masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this day", "*wāʾešlaḥ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive - and I sent", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ʾet-kol-ʿăbāday*": "direct object marker + noun + masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - all my servants", "*hannəbîʾîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the prophets", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*haškēm*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*wəšālōaḥ*": "qal infinitive absolute - and sending" }, "variants": { "*yāṣəʾû*": "they went out/they came out/they departed", "*wāʾešlaḥ*": "and I sent/and I dispatched", "*ʿăbāday*": "my servants/my slaves", "*haškēm wəšālōaḥ*": "rising early and sending/persistently sending/continuously sending (idiomatic expression)" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.26", "source": "וְל֤וֹא שָׁמְעוּ֙ אֵלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א הִטּ֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֑ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם הֵרֵ֖עוּ מֵאֲבוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And-not *šāməʿû* to-me and-not *hiṭṭû ʾet-ʾoznām wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām hērēʿû mēʾăbôtām*.", "grammar": { "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they listened/heard", "*hiṭṭû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they inclined/turned", "*ʾet-ʾoznām*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their ear", "*wayyaqšû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their neck/stubbornness", "*hērēʿû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they did worse", "*mēʾăbôtām*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - than their fathers" }, "variants": { "*šāməʿû*": "they listened/they heard/they obeyed", "*hiṭṭû*": "they inclined/they turned/they bent", "*wayyaqšû*": "they hardened/they stiffened/they made stubborn", "*ʿōrep*": "neck/stubbornness (idiomatically 'stiff-necked' = stubborn)", "*hērēʿû*": "they did worse/they acted more wickedly/they behaved more evilly" } }
• Isa 63:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.10", "source": "וְהֵ֛מָּה מָר֥וּ וְעִצְּב֖וּ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ קָדְשׁ֑וֹ וַיֵּהָפֵ֥ךְ לָהֶ֛ם לְאוֹיֵ֖ב ה֥וּא נִלְחַם־בָּֽם׃", "text": "And *hēmmāh* *mārû* and *ʿiṣṣĕbû* *ʾet-rûaḥ* his *qodeš*; and he *wayyēhāpēḵ* for them to *ʾôyēb*, *hûʾ* *nilḥam* against them.", "grammar": { "*wĕhēmmāh*": "conjunction waw + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - and they", "*mārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - rebelled", "*wĕʿiṣṣĕbû*": "conjunction waw + Piel perfect, 3rd person common plural - and grieved", "*ʾet-rûaḥ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the spirit of", "*qodšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness", "*wayyēhāpēḵ*": "conjunction waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he was turned", "*lāhem*": "preposition lamed with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*lĕʾôyēb*": "preposition lamed + Qal participle, masculine singular - to an enemy", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*nilḥam-bām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition bet with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - fought against them" }, "variants": { "*mārû*": "rebelled/were disobedient/were defiant", "*ʿiṣṣĕbû*": "grieved/pained/hurt/made sad", "*rûaḥ qodšô*": "his holy spirit/his spirit of holiness", "*yēhāpēḵ*": "was turned/was changed/was transformed", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*nilḥam*": "fought/waged war" } }
• Jer 2:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.7", "source": "וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל לֶאֱכֹ֥ל פִּרְיָ֖הּ וְטוּבָ֑הּ וַתָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַתְּטַמְּא֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצִ֔י וְנַחֲלָתִ֥י שַׂמְתֶּ֖ם לְתוֹעֵבָֽה׃", "text": "*Wā-ʾābîʾ* *ʾetkem* *ʾel*-*ʾereṣ* *ha-karmel* *le-ʾĕkōl* *piryāh* *wə-ṭûbāh* *wa-tābōʾû* *wa-təṭamməʾû* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣî* *wə-naḥălātî* *śamtem* *lə-tôʿēbāh*", "grammar": { "*Wā-ʾābîʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - and I brought", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾel*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - to land of", "*ha-karmel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the fruitful land/garden land", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*piryāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its fruit", "*wə-ṭûbāh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its goodness", "*wa-tābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you came", "*wa-təṭamməʾû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you defiled", "*ʾet*-*ʾarṣî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my land", "*wə-naḥălātî*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - and my inheritance/possession", "*śamtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you made", "*lə-tôʿēbāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into an abomination" }, "variants": { "*ʾābîʾ*": "brought/led/caused to enter", "*karmel*": "fruitful land/garden land/orchard/plantation", "*piryāh*": "its fruit/its produce", "*ṭûbāh*": "its goodness/its bounty/its best things", "*təṭamməʾû*": "defiled/made unclean/polluted", "*naḥălātî*": "my inheritance/my possession/my portion", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrent thing" } }
• Jer 3:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.25", "source": "נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס", "text": "*niškᵉḇâ* in-*bāšᵉtēnû*, and-*tᵉḵassēnû* *kᵉlimmātēnû*; for against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *ḥāṭāʾnû*, we and-*ʾăḇôtênû*, from-*nᵉʿûrênû* and-until-the-*yôm* the-this, and-not *šāmaʿnû* to-*qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû*.", "grammar": { "*niškᵉḇâ*": "Qal cohortative 1st person plural - 'let us lie down'", "*bāšᵉtēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our shame'", "*tᵉḵassēnû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'it covers us'", "*kᵉlimmātēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our disgrace'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - 'we have sinned'", "*ʾăḇôtênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our fathers'", "*nᵉʿûrênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our youth'", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the day'", "*šāmaʿnû*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - 'we have listened/obeyed'", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'voice of'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'" }, "variants": { "*niškᵉḇâ*": "let us lie down/recline", "*bāšᵉtēnû*": "our shame/disgrace/humiliation", "*tᵉḵassēnû*": "it covers us/envelops us", "*kᵉlimmātēnû*": "our disgrace/reproach/dishonor", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "our God", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/done wrong", "*ʾăḇôtênû*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*nᵉʿûrênû*": "our youth/young age", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have listened/obeyed/heeded", "*qôl*": "voice/sound" } }
• Deut 9:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.7", "source": "זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ עַד־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Zĕkōr* *ʾal*-*tiškaḥ* *ʾēt* which-*hiqṣaptā* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* in-the-*midbār* from-the-*yôm* which-*yāṣāʾtā* from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* until-*bōʾăkem* until-the-*māqôm* the-*zeh* *mamrîm* *hĕyîtem* with-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Zĕkōr*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - remember", "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not", "*tiškaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forget", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hiqṣaptā*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you provoked to anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*yāṣāʾtā*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you went out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*bōʾăkem*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your coming", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the place", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*mamrîm*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - rebelling", "*hĕyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you were", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*Zĕkōr*": "remember/recall/keep in mind", "*tiškaḥ*": "forget/neglect/ignore", "*hiqṣaptā*": "provoked to anger/enraged/irritated", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yāṣāʾtā*": "went out/departed/left", "*bōʾăkem*": "your coming/your arrival/your entering", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*mamrîm*": "rebelling/disobeying/being defiant" } } 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.8", "source": "וּבְחֹרֵ֥ב הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-in-*Ḥōrēb* *hiqṣaptem* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wayyitʾannap* *YHWH* at-you *lĕhašmîd* you", "grammar": { "*Ḥōrēb*": "proper noun - Horeb", "*hiqṣaptem*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you provoked to anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyitʾannap*": "conjunction + verb, hitpael imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he was angry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lĕhašmîd*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy" }, "variants": { "*Ḥōrēb*": "Horeb/Mount Sinai", "*hiqṣaptem*": "provoked to anger/enraged/irritated", "*wayyitʾannap*": "was angry/was furious/was enraged", "*lĕhašmîd*": "to destroy/to annihilate/to exterminate" } } 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.9", "source": "בַּעֲלֹתִ֣י הָהָ֗רָה לָקַ֜חַת לוּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וָאֵשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֗ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי׃", "text": "In-*ʿălōtî* the-*hāhārâ* *lāqaḥat* *lûḥōt* the-*ʾăbānîm* *lûḥōt* the-*bĕrît* which-*kārat* *YHWH* with-you *wāʾēšēb* in-the-*hār* forty *yôm* and-forty *laylâ* *leḥem* not *ʾākaltî* and-*mayim* not *šātîtî*", "grammar": { "*ʿălōtî*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my going up", "*hāhārâ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and directional he - to the mountain", "*lāqaḥat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to take", "*lûḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*lûḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*bĕrît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the covenant", "*kārat*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wāʾēšēb*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 1st person singular - and I stayed", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition bet - in the mountain", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread", "*ʾākaltî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I ate", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*šātîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I drank" }, "variants": { "*ʿălōtî*": "my going up/my ascending/my climbing", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/to receive/to fetch", "*lûḥōt*": "tablets/slabs/boards", "*bĕrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*kārat*": "cut/made/established", "*wāʾēšēb*": "I stayed/I remained/I dwelt", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance" } } 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.10", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* *YHWH* to-me *ʾet*-two *lûḥōt* the-*ʾăbānîm* *kĕtubîm* with-*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-on-them according-to-all-the-*dĕbārîm* which *dibber* *YHWH* with-you in-the-*hār* from-midst the-*ʾēš* in-*yôm* the-*qāhāl*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lûḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*kĕtubîm*": "verb, qal passive participle masculine plural - written", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*dĕbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the words", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition bet - in the mountain", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the fire", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the assembly" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "he gave/he provided/he delivered", "*lûḥōt*": "tablets/slabs/boards", "*kĕtubîm*": "written/inscribed/engraved", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "finger/hand/power", "*dĕbārîm*": "words/matters/things/commandments", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/uttered", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/gathering" } } 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים לֻח֥וֹת הַבְּרִֽית׃", "text": "*wayĕhî* from-*qēṣ* forty *yôm* and-forty *laylâ* *nātan* *YHWH* to-me *ʾet*-two *luḥōt* the-*ʾăbānîm* *lûḥôt* the-*bĕrît*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - end", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*nātan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*luḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*lûḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*bĕrît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the covenant" }, "variants": { "*wayĕhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*qēṣ*": "end/conclusion/termination", "*nātan*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*luḥōt*": "tablets/slabs/boards", "*bĕrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ק֣וּם רֵ֤ד מַהֵר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵ֖אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם מַסֵּכָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me *qûm* *rēd* quickly from-this for *šiḥēt* *ʿammĕkā* that *hôṣēʾtā* from-*Miṣrāyim* *sārû* quickly from-the-*derek* which *ṣiwwîtim* *ʿāśû* for-themselves *massēkâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*qûm*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - arise", "*rēd*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go down", "*šiḥēt*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has corrupted", "*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you brought out", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*sārû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have turned aside", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the way", "*ṣiwwîtim*": "verb, piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I commanded them", "*ʿāśû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have made", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*rēd*": "go down/descend", "*šiḥēt*": "corrupted/ruined/destroyed", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "brought out/led out/delivered", "*sārû*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*derek*": "way/path/road/manner", "*ṣiwwîtim*": "commanded them/ordered them/instructed them", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue" } }
• Jer 22:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.21", "source": "׃22 21 דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּשַׁלְוֺתַ֔יִךְ אָמַ֖רְתְּ לֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֑ע זֶ֤ה דַרְכֵּךְ֙ מִנְּעוּרַ֔יִךְ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֖עַתְּ בְּקוֹלִֽי׃", "text": "*Dibbartî* to you in *šalwōtayik*, *ʾāmart* not *ʾešmāʿ*. This *darkēk* from *nᵉʿûrayik* that not *šāmaʿat* in *qôlî*.", "grammar": { "*dibbartî*": "perfect, 1st singular, piel - I spoke", "*ʾēlayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*bᵉ-šalwōtayik*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your prosperity", "*ʾāmart*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular, qal - you said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "imperfect, 1st singular, qal - I will hear/listen", "*zeh*": "demonstrative, masculine singular - this", "*darkēk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*mi-nnᵉʿûrayik*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - from your youth", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/for", "*lōʾ-šāmaʿat*": "negative particle + perfect, 2nd feminine singular, qal - you did not listen", "*bᵉ-qôlî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - to my voice" }, "variants": { "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/declared/talked", "*šalwōtayik*": "your prosperity/ease/security", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "I will hear/listen/obey", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/manner", "*nᵉʿûrayik*": "your youth/young age", "*šāmaʿat*": "you heard/listened/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/sound/utterance" } }
• Jer 25:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.7", "source": "וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לְמַ֧עַן *הכעסוני **הַכְעִיסֵ֛נִי בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיכֶ֖ם לְרַ֥ע לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And not *šĕmaʿtem* unto me *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, for the sake of *hakʿîsēnî* in *maʿăśēh* of your *yĕdêkem* for *raʿ* to you.", "grammar": { "*šĕmaʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd plural - you heard/listened", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct + 1st singular suffix - to provoke me to anger", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - work/deed", "*yĕdêkem*": "noun, feminine, dual construct + 2nd plural suffix - your hands", "*raʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular - harm/evil" }, "variants": { "*šĕmaʿtem*": "heard/listened/obeyed", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/vex me/irritate me", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action", "*raʿ*": "harm/evil/hurt" } }
• Ezek 16:15-22 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.15", "source": "וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֖י עַל־שְׁמֵ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ עַל־כָּל־עוֹבֵ֖ר לוֹ־יֶֽהִי׃", "text": "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî* *ḇə-yāpyēḵ* *wa-tiznî* *ʿal*-*šəmēḵ* *wa-tiššəpəḵî* *ʾet*-*taznûtayiḵ* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*ʿôḇēr* *lô*-*yehî*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you trusted", "*ḇə-yāpyēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your beauty", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*šəmēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your name/fame", "*wa-tiššəpəḵî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you poured out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your harlotries", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*kāl*": "masculine singular construct - every", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passer-by", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*yehî*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - may it be/let it be" }, "variants": { "*tiḇṭəḥî*": "you trusted/relied upon/were confident in", "*tiznî*": "you played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted yourself", "*tiššəpəḵî*": "you poured out/lavished/bestowed", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "your harlotries/prostitutions/infidelities", "*ʿôḇēr*": "passer-by/one who passes", "*lô*-*yehî*": "to him it might be/his for the taking (unclear idiomatic expression)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.16", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֣י מִבְּגָדַ֗יִךְ וַתַּֽעֲשִׂי־לָךְ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת טְלֻא֔וֹת וַתִּזְנִ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א בָא֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*wa-tiqḥî* *mi-bbəgādayiḵ* *wa-taʿăśî*-*lāḵ* *bāmôt* *ṭəluʾôt* *wa-tiznî* *ʿălêhem* *lōʾ* *ḇāʾôt* *wə-lōʾ* *yihyeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you took", "*mi-bbəgādayiḵ*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - from your garments", "*wa-taʿăśî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you made", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*ṭəluʾôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - many-colored/patched", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḇāʾôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - coming", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/platforms", "*ṭəluʾôt*": "many-colored/patched/diverse", "*lōʾ* *ḇāʾôt* *wə-lōʾ* *yihyeh*": "not coming and not being/such things should not come and should not be/unprecedented and should not happen (difficult idiom)" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.17", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֞י כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ מִזְּהָבִ֤י וּמִכַּסְפִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֖ךְ צַלְמֵ֣י זָכָ֑ר וַתִּזְנִי־בָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiqḥî* *kəlê* *tipʾartēḵ* *mi-zzəhāḇî* *û-mi-kkaspî* *ʾăšer* *nātattî* *lāḵ* *wa-taʿăśî*-*lāḵ* *ṣalmê* *zāḵār* *wa-tiznî*-*ḇām*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you took", "*kəlê*": "masculine plural construct - vessels/instruments of", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your beauty", "*mi-zzəhāḇî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - from my gold", "*û-mi-kkaspî*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - and from my silver", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*wa-taʿăśî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you made", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*zāḵār*": "masculine singular noun - male", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ḇām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*kəlê*": "vessels/instruments/jewelry", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "your beauty/glory/splendor", "*ṣalmê*": "images/figures/idols", "*zāḵār*": "male/man/masculine", "*tiznî*-*ḇām*": "you played the harlot with them/committed fornication with them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.18", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֛י אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתֵ֖ךְ וַתְּכַסִּ֑ים וְשַׁמְנִי֙ וּקְטָרְתִּ֔י נָתַ֖תְּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wattiqqəḥî* *ʾet*-*bigdê* *riqmātêk* and *wattəkassîm* and *wəšamnî* and *ûqəṭārtî* *nātatt* before them.", "grammar": { "*wattiqqəḥî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bigdê*": "construct state, plural of *beged* - garments/clothes of", "*riqmātêk*": "your embroidery, feminine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattəkassîm*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you covered them", "*wəšamnî*": "and my oil, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*ûqəṭārtî*": "and my incense, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*nātatt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you gave/placed" }, "variants": { "*bigdê riqmātêk*": "your embroidered garments/your colorful garments/your richly woven garments", "*wattəkassîm*": "you covered them/you clothed them/you placed them over", "*nātatt*": "you gave/you placed/you set/you put" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.19", "source": "וְלַחְמִי֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֨תִּי לָ֜ךְ סֹ֣לֶת וָשֶׁ֤מֶן וּדְבַשׁ֙ הֶֽאֱכַלְתִּ֔יךְ וּנְתַתִּ֧יהוּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֛ם לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ וַיֶּ֑הִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "And *wəlaḥmî* which *ʾăšer*-*nātattî* to you, *sōlet* and *wāšemen* and *ûdəbaš* *heʾĕkaltîk*, and *ûnətattîhû* before them for *lərêaḥ* *nîḥōaḥ*. And *wayyehî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wəlaḥmî*": "and my bread, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave", "*sōlet*": "fine flour, noun absolute", "*wāšemen*": "and oil, noun absolute", "*ûdəbaš*": "and honey, noun absolute", "*heʾĕkaltîk*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I fed you", "*ûnətattîhû*": "and I gave it, qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix", "*lərêaḥ*": "for a scent/smell, preposition + noun construct", "*nîḥōaḥ*": "pleasing/soothing, adjective", "*wayyehî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was/became", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance of, noun construct", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*sōlet*": "fine flour/fine meal/choice flour", "*lərêaḥ nîḥōaḥ*": "for a pleasing aroma/for a sweet savor/for a soothing fragrance", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle/says" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.20", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֞י אֶת־בָּנַ֤יִךְ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלַ֣דְתְּ לִ֔י וַתִּזְבָּחִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם לֶאֱכ֑וֹל הַמְעַ֖ט מִתַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And *wattiqqəḥî* *ʾet*-*bānayik* and *ʾet*-*bənôtayik* which *ʾăšer* *yāladt* to me, and *wattizbaḥîm* to them to *leʾĕkôl*. *haməʿaṭ* from *mittaznûtāyik*?", "grammar": { "*wattiqqəḥî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānayik*": "your sons, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bənôtayik*": "your daughters, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*yāladt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you bore/gave birth to", "*wattizbaḥîm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you sacrificed them", "*leʾĕkôl*": "to eat/consume, preposition + qal infinitive construct", "*haməʿaṭ*": "interrogative particle + adjective - was it a small thing/was it too little", "*mittaznûtāyik*": "from your prostitutions/harlotries, preposition + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*yāladt*": "you bore/you gave birth to/you delivered", "*wattizbaḥîm*": "you sacrificed them/you slaughtered them", "*haməʿaṭ*": "was it a small thing/was it insignificant/was it too little", "*mittaznûtāyik*": "from your prostitutions/from your harlotries/from your acts of fornication" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.21", "source": "וַֽתִּשְׁחֲטִ֖י אֶת־בָּנָ֑י וַֽתִּתְּנִ֔ים בְּהַעֲבִ֥יר אוֹתָ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wattišḥăṭî* *ʾet*-*bānāy* and *wattittnîm* in *bəhaʿăbîr* *ʾôtām* to them.", "grammar": { "*wattišḥăṭî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you slaughtered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānāy*": "my sons, plural noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*wattittnîm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you gave them", "*bəhaʿăbîr*": "in causing to pass over, preposition + hiphil infinitive construct", "*ʾôtām*": "them, direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix" }, "variants": { "*wattišḥăṭî*": "you slaughtered/you butchered/you killed", "*bəhaʿăbîr*": "in causing to pass through [fire]/in offering up/in dedicating" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.22", "source": "וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ וְתַזְנֻתַ֔יִךְ לֹ֥א זָכַ֖רְתְּ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בִּֽהְיוֹתֵךְ֙ עֵרֹ֣ם וְעֶרְיָ֔ה מִתְבּוֹסֶ֥סֶת בְּדָמֵ֖ךְ הָיִֽית׃", "text": "And *wəʾēt* all-*tôʿăbōtayik* and *wətaznūtayik*, not *zākart* *ʾet*-*yəmê* *nəʿûrāyik*, in *bihyôtēk* *ʿērōm* and *wəʿeryāh*, *mitbôseset* in *bədāmēk* *hāyît*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾēt*": "and with, conjunction + direct object marker", "*tôʿăbōtayik*": "your abominations, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wətaznūtayik*": "and your prostitutions, conjunction + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*zākart*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you remembered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəmê*": "days of, construct state", "*nəʿûrāyik*": "your youth, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bihyôtēk*": "in your being, preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿērōm*": "naked, adjective", "*wəʿeryāh*": "and bare, conjunction + adjective", "*mitbôseset*": "wallowing/floundering, hithpolel participle feminine singular", "*bədāmēk*": "in your blood, preposition + noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*hāyît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were" }, "variants": { "*tôʿăbōtayik*": "your abominations/your detestable acts/your abhorrent practices", "*taznūtayik*": "your prostitutions/your harlotries/your acts of fornication", "*nəʿûrāyik*": "your youth/your adolescence/your early days", "*mitbôseset*": "wallowing/kicking/floundering/struggling" } }
• Ezek 20:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.8", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me and-not *ʾābû* *lišmōaʿ* to-me; *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*šiqqûṣê* *ʿênêhem* not *hišlîkû* and-*ʾet*-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzābû*; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them *lĕkallôt* *ʾappî* against-them in-*tôk* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*ʾābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*hišlîkû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they forsook", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôt*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they were defiant", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/they consented/they agreed", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to listen/to hear/to obey", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hišlîkû*": "they cast away/they threw away/they abandoned", "*ʿāzābû*": "they forsook/they abandoned/they left", "*lišpōk* *ḥămātî*": "to pour out my wrath (idiom for punishment)", "*lĕkallôt* *ʾappî*": "to spend my anger/to exhaust my fury" } }
• Ezek 20:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.28", "source": "וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם", "text": "And *ʾăbîʾēm* to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nāśāʾtî* my *yādî* to give it to them, and they *yirʾû* every *gibʿāh rāmāh* and every *ʿēṣ ʿābōt* and they *yizbəḥû* there their *zibḥêhem* and they *yittənû* there the *kaʿas* of their *qorbānām* and they *yāśîmû* there the *rêaḥ* of their *nîḥôḥêhem* and they *yassîkû* there their *niskêhem*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾăbîʾēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I brought them", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lātēt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-yirʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*kol-gibʿāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - every hill", "*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-kol-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and every tree", "*ʿābōt*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy, thick", "*wa-yizbəḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they sacrificed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-zibḥêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*wa-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular construct - provocation of", "*qorbānām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their offering", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they placed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*rêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fragrance of", "*nîḥôḥêhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their soothing aroma", "*wa-yassîkû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they poured out", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-niskêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbîʾēm*": "I brought them, I led them", "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*gibʿāh rāmāh*": "high hill (often a place of pagan worship)", "*ʿēṣ ʿābōt*": "leafy/thick tree (often associated with pagan worship)", "*yizbəḥû*": "sacrificed, slaughtered ritually", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices, their offerings", "*kaʿas qorbānām*": "provocation of their offering (offerings that provoke anger)", "*rêaḥ nîḥôḥêhem*": "fragrance of their soothing aroma (ritual term for acceptable sacrifice)", "*yassîkû*": "poured out, offered libations", "*niskêhem*": "their drink offerings, their libations" } }
• Ezek 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.3", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wattiznênā* in *miṣrayim* in *binəʿûrêhen* *zānû* there *mōʿăkû* *šədêhen* and there *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *bətûlêhen*", "grammar": { "*wattiznênā*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and they played the whore/committed fornication", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*binəʿûrêhen*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - in their youth", "*zānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of *zānâ* - they played the whore", "*mōʿăkû*": "3rd plural masculine Qal perfect - they pressed/squeezed/handled", "*šədêhen*": "plural construct noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their breasts", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/squeezed/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*bətûlêhen*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their virginity/maidenhood" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "to commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*mōʿăkû*": "to press/handle/squeeze", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*bətûlêhen*": "their virginity/maidenhood/youth" } }
• Ezek 23:43-44 : 43 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.43", "source": "וָאֹמַ֕ר לַבָּלָ֖ה נִֽאוּפִ֑ים *עת* **עַתָּ֛ה *יזנה* **יִזְנ֥וּ תַזְנוּתֶ֖הָ וָהִֽיא׃", "text": "And-*ʾōmar* to-*bālāh* *niʾûpîm* *ʿattāh* *yiznû* *taznûtehā* and-she", "grammar": { "*ʾōmar*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I say/said", "*bālāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - worn out/consumed", "*niʾûpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - adulteries", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*yiznû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - they commit fornication", "*taznûtehā*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her fornication" }, "variants": { "*ʾōmar*": "I say/said/thought", "*bālāh*": "worn out/consumed/old", "*niʾûpîm*": "adulteries/acts of unfaithfulness", "*yiznû*": "they commit fornication/they prostitute themselves", "*taznûtehā*": "her fornication/her prostitution/her harlotry" } } 44 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.44", "source": "וַיָּב֣וֹא אֵלֶ֔יהָ כְּב֖וֹא אֶל־אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה כֵּ֣ן בָּ֗אוּ אֶֽל־אָֽהֳלָה֙ וְאֶל־אָ֣הֳלִיבָ֔ה אִשֹּׁ֖ת הַזִּמָּֽה׃", "text": "*wayyābôʾ* to-her like-*bôʾ* to-*ʾiššāh* *zônāh* thus *bāʾû* to-*ʾāholāh* and-to-*ʾāholîbāh* *ʾiššōt* *hazimmāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyābôʾ*": "waw-consecutive with imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*bôʾ*": "infinitive construct - coming/entering", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*zônāh*": "participle, feminine singular - prostituting/harlot", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they came", "*ʾāholāh*": "proper noun - Oholah (symbolizing Samaria)", "*ʾāholîbāh*": "proper noun - Oholibah (symbolizing Jerusalem)", "*ʾiššōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - women of", "*hazimmāh*": "definite article with noun, feminine singular - the lewdness" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "coming/entering/going in to", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot", "*ʾiššōt*": "women/wives of", "*hazimmāh*": "the lewdness/the depravity/the wickedness" } }
• Acts 7:51-53 : 51 { "verseID": "Acts.7.51", "source": "¶Σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν, ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ Πνεύματι τῷ Ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε: ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, καὶ ὑμεῖς.", "text": "*Sklērotrachēloi* and *aperitmētoi* in-the *kardia* and in-the *ōsin*, you *aei* to-the *Pneumati* to-the *Hagiō* *antipiptete*: as the *pateres* of-you, also you.", "grammar": { "*Sklērotrachēloi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - stiff-necked ones", "*aperitmētoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - uncircumcised", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*ōsin*": "dative, neuter, plural - ears", "*aei*": "adverb - always/continually", "*Pneumati*": "dative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - Holy", "*antipiptete*": "present active indicative, 2nd plural - resist/oppose", "*pateres*": "nominative, masculine, plural - fathers/ancestors" }, "variants": { "*Sklērotrachēloi*": "stiff-necked/stubborn/obstinate", "*aperitmētoi*": "uncircumcised/unclean/unreceptive", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*aei*": "always/continually/perpetually", "*Pneumati*": "Spirit/breath/wind", "*antipiptete*": "resist/oppose/fight against" } } 52 { "verseID": "Acts.7.52", "source": "Τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν; καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ τῆς ἐλεύσεως τοῦ Δικαίου· οὗ νῦν ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς γεγένησθε:", "text": "Which of-the *prophētōn* not *ediōxan* the *pateres* of-you? and *apekteinan* the ones-having-*prokataggeilantas* concerning the *eleuseōs* of-the *Dikaiou*; of-whom now you *prodotai* and *phoneis* have-*gegenēsthe*:", "grammar": { "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - prophets", "*ediōxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - persecuted", "*pateres*": "nominative, masculine, plural - fathers/ancestors", "*apekteinan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - killed", "*prokataggeilantas*": "aorist active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having announced beforehand", "*eleuseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - coming/arrival", "*Dikaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Righteous One", "*prodotai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - betrayers", "*phoneis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - murderers", "*gegenēsthe*": "perfect middle/passive indicative, 2nd plural - have become" }, "variants": { "*ediōxan*": "persecuted/pursued/chased", "*apekteinan*": "killed/murdered/put to death", "*prokataggeilantas*": "announced beforehand/foretold/predicted", "*eleuseōs*": "coming/arrival/advent", "*Dikaiou*": "Righteous One/Just One", "*prodotai*": "betrayers/traitors", "*phoneis*": "murderers/killers", "*gegenēsthe*": "have become/have turned into" } } 53 { "verseID": "Acts.7.53", "source": "Οἵτινες ἐλάβετε τὸν νόμον εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων, καὶ οὐκ ἐφυλάξατε.", "text": "Who *elabete* the *nomon* unto *diatagas* of-*angelōn*, and not *ephylaxate*.", "grammar": { "*elabete*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - received", "*nomon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - law", "*diatagas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - ordinances/arrangements", "*angelōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - angels/messengers", "*ephylaxate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - kept/guarded" }, "variants": { "*elabete*": "received/obtained/took", "*nomon*": "law/code/ordinance", "*diatagas*": "ordinances/arrangements/directions", "*angelōn*": "angels/messengers", "*ephylaxate*": "kept/guarded/observed" } }
• Deut 9:22-24 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.22", "source": "וּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה מַקְצִפִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-in-*Tabʿērâ* and-in-*Massâ* and-in-*Qibrōt* the-*Taʾăwâ* *maqṣîpîm* *hĕyîtem* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Tabʿērâ*": "proper noun - Taberah", "*Massâ*": "proper noun - Massah", "*Qibrōt*": "proper noun, construct - Kibroth", "*Taʾăwâ*": "proper noun with definite article - Hattaavah", "*maqṣîpîm*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - provoking to anger", "*hĕyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you were", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*Tabʿērâ*": "Taberah/Burning", "*Massâ*": "Massah/Testing", "*Qibrōt* *Taʾăwâ*": "Kibroth Hattaavah/Graves of Craving", "*maqṣîpîm*": "provoking to anger/enraging/irritating" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.23", "source": "וּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֙עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-in-*šĕlōaḥ* *YHWH* you from-*Qādēš* *Barnēaʿ* *lēʾmōr* *ʿălû* and-*rĕšû* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî* to-you *wattamrû* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* and-not *heʾĕmantem* to-him and-not *šĕmaʿtem* in-*qōlô*", "grammar": { "*šĕlōaḥ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - sending", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh", "*Barnēaʿ*": "proper noun - Barnea", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿălû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - go up", "*rĕšû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - possess", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*wattamrû*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine plural - and you rebelled", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*heʾĕmantem*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you believed", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you listened", "*qōlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice" }, "variants": { "*šĕlōaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*ʿălû*": "go up/ascend/rise", "*rĕšû*": "possess/take possession of/inherit", "*nātattî*": "I have given/I have granted/I have bestowed", "*wattamrû*": "you rebelled/you defied/you disobeyed", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*heʾĕmantem*": "you believed/you trusted/you had faith", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "you listened/you obeyed/you heeded", "*qōlô*": "his voice/his sound/his command" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.24", "source": "מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָ֑ה מִיּ֖וֹם דַּעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Mamrîm* *hĕyîtem* with-*YHWH* from-*yôm* *daʿtî* you", "grammar": { "*Mamrîm*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - rebelling", "*hĕyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you were", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*daʿtî*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my knowing" }, "variants": { "*Mamrîm*": "rebelling/defying/disobeying", "*daʿtî*": "my knowing/my acquaintance with/my recognition of" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.9", "source": "וַיְחַפְּא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל דְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־כֵ֔ן עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּבְנ֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם בָּמוֹת֙ בְּכָל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל נוֹצְרִ֖ים עַד־עִ֥יר מִבְצָֽר׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəḥappəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* *dəbārîm* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ*-*kēn* against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, *wə*-*yibnū* to-them *bāmōt* in-all-*ʿārêhem* from-*migdal* *nōṣərîm* until-*ʿîr* *mibṣār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḥappəʾū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they covered/concealed", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things/matters/words", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ-kēn*": "negative particle with adverb - not right/improper", "*ʿal-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wə-yibnū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they built", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*bāmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - high places", "*bə-kol-ʿārêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - in all their cities", "*mi-migdal*": "preposition with construct - from tower of", "*nōṣərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - watchmen", "*ʿad-ʿîr*": "preposition with construct - to city of", "*mibṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - fortification/fortress" }, "variants": { "*yəḥappəʾū*": "covered up/did secretly/concealed", "*dəbārîm*": "things/words/matters/practices", "*lōʾ-kēn*": "not right/improper/false", "*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines/altars", "*migdal nōṣərîm*": "watchtower/tower of watchmen", "*ʿîr mibṣār*": "fortified city/fortress city" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.10", "source": "וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ לָהֶ֛ם מַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃", "text": "*wə*-*yaṣṣîbū* to-them *maṣṣēbōt* and-*ʾăshērîm* on all-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* and-under all-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaṣṣîbū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they set up", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*maṣṣēbōt*": "noun, feminine plural - pillars/standing stones", "*wa-ʾăshērîm*": "conjunction with noun, masculine plural - and Asherah poles", "*ʿal kol-gibʿāh*": "preposition with construct and noun - on every hill", "*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-taḥat*": "conjunction with preposition - and under", "*kol-ʿēṣ*": "construct with noun - every tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy/green/luxuriant" }, "variants": { "*yaṣṣîbū*": "set up/erected/established", "*maṣṣēbōt*": "pillars/sacred stones/standing stones", "*ʾăshērîm*": "Asherah poles/sacred poles/wooden images", "*gibʿāh gəbōhāh*": "high hill/lofty hill", "*ʿēṣ raʿănān*": "leafy tree/green tree/luxuriant tree" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.11", "source": "וַיְקַטְּרוּ־שָׁם֙ בְּכָל־בָּמ֔וֹת כַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ דְּבָרִ֣ים רָעִ֔ים לְהַכְעִ֖יס אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəqaṭṭərū*-there in-all-*bāmōt* like-the-*gōyim* *ʾăsher*-*heglāh* *YHWH* from-before-them, *wə*-*yaʿăsū* *dəbārîm* *rāʿîm* to-*hakʿîs* *ʾet*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəqaṭṭərū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they burned incense", "*shām*": "adverb - there", "*bə-kol-bāmōt*": "preposition with construct and noun - in all high places", "*ka-gōyim*": "preposition with noun - like the nations", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*heglāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he exiled/removed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*mi-pənêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - from before them", "*wə-yaʿăsū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they did", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things", "*rāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - evil", "*lə-hakʿîs*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke to anger", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker with divine name - YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yəqaṭṭərū*": "burned incense/offered sacrifices", "*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines", "*heglāh*": "exiled/removed/carried away", "*dəbārîm rāʿîm*": "evil things/wicked deeds", "*hakʿîs*": "provoke to anger/vex/irritate" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.12", "source": "וַיַּֽעַבְד֖וּ הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə*-*yaʿabdū* the-*gillūlîm* *ʾăsher* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-them *lōʾ* *taʿăsū* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-this.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿabdū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they served", "*ha-gillūlîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the idols/dung idols", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - about which", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿăsū*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ʾet-ha-dābār*": "direct object marker with definite noun - the thing", "*ha-zeh*": "definite demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*yaʿabdū*": "served/worshiped", "*gillūlîm*": "idols/dung idols/abominations", "*taʿăsū*": "do/practice/perform" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.13", "source": "וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֜֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yāʿad* *YHWH* in-*yisrāʾēl* and-in-*yəhūdāh* by-*yad* all-*nəbîʾê* all-*ḥōzeh* *lēmōr*: *shūbū* from-*darkêkem* the-*rāʿîm* and-*shimrū* *miṣwōtay* *ḥuqqōtay* like-all-the-*tōrāh* *ʾăsher* *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*, and-*ʾăsher* *shālaḥtî* to-you by-*yad* *ʿăbāday* the-*nəbîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāʿad*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he testified/warned", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*bə-yisrāʾēl*": "preposition with proper noun - in Israel", "*u-bî-yəhūdāh*": "conjunction, preposition with proper noun - and in Judah", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*kol-nəbîʾê*": "construct with noun - all prophets of", "*kol-ḥōzeh*": "construct with noun - every seer", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*shūbū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - turn back", "*mi-darkêkem*": "preposition with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your ways", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the evil", "*wə-shimrū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - keep", "*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my commandments", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my statutes", "*kə-kol-ha-tōrāh*": "preposition with construct and definite noun - according to all the law", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect, 1st common singular - I commanded", "*ʾet-ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wa-ʾăsher*": "conjunction with relative pronoun - and which", "*shālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*ʿăbāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my servants", "*ha-nəbîʾîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*yāʿad*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*nəbîʾê*": "prophets of", "*ḥōzeh*": "seer/visionary", "*shūbū*": "turn back/return/repent", "*darkêkem hā-rāʿîm*": "your evil ways/your wicked paths", "*shimrū*": "keep/observe/guard", "*tōrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.14", "source": "וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə*-*lōʾ* *shāmēʿū* *wə*-*yaqshū* *ʾet*-*ʿorpām* like-*ʿōref* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînū* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*shāmēʿū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they listened", "*wə-yaqshū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - their neck", "*kə-ʿōref*": "preposition with construct - like neck of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heʾĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they believed", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - in YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*shāmēʿū*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*yaqshū*": "hardened/stiffened", "*ʿōref*": "neck/stubbornness", "*heʾĕmînū*": "believed/trusted/had faith" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.15", "source": "וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And they *māʾas* *ʾēt*-*ḥuqqāh* his, and *ʾēt*-*bᵊrît* his which he *kārat* *ʾēt*-fathers their, and *ʾēt*-*ʿēdût* his which he *ʿûd* against them; and they *hālak* after the *hebel* and they *hābal*, and after the *gôy* which around them, which *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* to not *ʿāśâ* like them.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected/despised", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqāh*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes/decrees", "*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made [covenant]", "*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his testimonies/witnesses", "*ʿûd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he testified/witnessed", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked/went", "*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vanity/emptiness", "*hābal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they became vain/worthless", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations/gentiles", "*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*ḥuqqāh*": "statutes/decrees/laws", "*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*kārat*": "cut/make [covenant]/establish", "*ʿēdût*": "testimonies/witnesses/warnings", "*ʿûd*": "testify/witness/warn", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/idols", "*hābal*": "become vain/worthless/act foolishly", "*gôy*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.16", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves", "*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree", "*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down", "*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped", "*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue", "*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess", "*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship", "*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for", "*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.18", "source": "וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף יְהוָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְסִרֵ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʾānap* *YHWH* *mᵊʾōd* in *yiśrāʾēl*, and he *sûr* them from upon *pānîm* his; not *šāʾar*, only *šēbeṭ* *yᵊhûdâ* to alone it.", "grammar": { "*ʾānap*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he became very angry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mᵊʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*sûr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he removed them", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*šāʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - remained/was left", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tribe of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ʾānap*": "become angry/be furious/rage", "*mᵊʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight", "*šāʾar*": "remain/be left/stay behind", "*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/staff" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.19", "source": "גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "Also *yᵊhûdâ* not *šāmar* *ʾēt*-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *hālak* in *ḥuqqâ* of *yiśrāʾēl* which they *ʿāśâ*.", "grammar": { "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kept/observed", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked", "*ḥuqqâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes/customs of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made/did" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*ḥuqqâ*": "statutes/customs/practices", "*ʿāśâ*": "make/do/practice" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.20", "source": "וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *māʾas* *YHWH* in all-*zeraʿ* of *yiśrāʾēl* and he *ʿānâ* them and he *nātan* them in hand-of *šāsâ* until which he *šālak* them from *pānîm* his.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rejected", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿānâ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he afflicted them", "*nātan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them", "*šāsâ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - plunderers/spoilers", "*šālak*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he cast them away", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble", "*nātan*": "give/deliver/place", "*šāsâ*": "plunderers/spoilers/robbers", "*šālak*": "cast away/throw off/drive out", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight" } }
• Neh 9:16-37 : 16 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.16", "source": "וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-hēm waʾăbōtênû hēzîdû wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wə-lōʾ šāməʿû ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*waʾăbōtênû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1cp suffix - and our fathers", "*hēzîdû*": "hiphil perfect, 3cp - they acted presumptuously/proudly", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they listened/obeyed", "*ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - to your commandments" }, "variants": { "*hēzîdû*": "acted presumptuously/became proud/were insolent", "*wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām*": "hardened their necks/became stubborn/stiffened their necks", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded" } } 17 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.17", "source": "וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְלֹא־זָכְר֤וּ נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וַיִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָשׁ֥וּב לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם בְּמִרְיָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת חַנּ֧וּן וְרַח֛וּם אֶֽרֶךְ־אַפַּ֥יִם וְרַב־חֶ֖סֶד וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*wayməʾănû lišmōaʿ wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû niplə'ōteyḵā ʾăšer ʿāśîtā ʿimmāhem wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wayyittənû-rōʾš lāšûb ləʿabdutām bəmiryām wə-ʾattāh ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt ḥannûn wə-raḥûm ʾereḵ-ʾappayim wə-rab-ḥesed wə-lōʾ ʿăzabtām", "grammar": { "*wayməʾănû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they refused", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen", "*wə-lōʾ-zāḵərû*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3mp - and they did not remember", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - your wonders", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you did/performed", "*ʿimmāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wayyaqšû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp + noun, masculine singular - and they appointed a head", "*lāšûb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to return", "*ləʿabdutām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - to their bondage/slavery", "*bəmiryām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - in their rebellion", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2ms pronoun - and you", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*səlîḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - forgivenesses", "*ḥannûn*": "adjective, masculine singular - gracious", "*wə-raḥûm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and merciful", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "adjective + noun, masculine dual - slow to anger/long of nostrils", "*wə-rab-ḥesed*": "conjunction + adjective + noun - and abundant in lovingkindness", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿăzabtām*": "qal perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you forsook them" }, "variants": { "*wayməʾănû*": "refused/declined/were unwilling", "*niplə'ōteyḵā*": "your wonders/your miracles/your marvelous works", "*wayyittənû-rōʾš*": "appointed a head/set a leader/made a decision", "*lāšûb ləʿabdutām*": "to return to their bondage/to go back to slavery/to return to servitude", "*bəmiryām*": "in their rebellion/in their defiance/in their disobedience", "*ʾĕlôah səlîḥôt*": "God of forgivenesses/forgiving God", "*ḥannûn wə-raḥûm*": "gracious and merciful/compassionate and kind", "*ʾereḵ-ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/long-suffering", "*rab-ḥesed*": "abundant in lovingkindness/great in mercy/full of steadfast love" } } 18 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.18", "source": "אַ֗ף כִּֽי־עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֶלְךָ֖ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וֽ͏ַיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*ʾap kî-ʿāśû lahem ʿēgel massēḵāh wayyōʾmərû zeh ʾĕlōheyḵā ʾăšer heʿelḵā mimmiṣrāyim wayyaʿăśû neʾāṣôt gədōlôt", "grammar": { "*ʾap*": "conjunction/particle - even/moreover/indeed", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/when/because", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they made", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - for themselves", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf", "*massēḵāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they said", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾĕlōheyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God (plural form, singular meaning)", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*heʿelḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - brought you up", "*mimmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they committed", "*neʾāṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - blasphemies/provocations", "*gədōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - great" }, "variants": { "*ʾap kî*": "even though/moreover/indeed when", "*ʿēgel massēḵāh*": "molten calf/cast image of a calf", "*ʾĕlōheyḵā*": "your god(s)/your deity", "*heʿelḵā*": "brought you up/led you out/raised you", "*neʾāṣôt*": "blasphemies/provocations/contemptuous acts" } } 19 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.19", "source": "וְאַתָּה֙ בְּרַחֲמֶ֣יךָ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים לֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר אֶת־עַמּ֣וּד הֶ֠עָנָן לֹא־סָ֨ר מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֤ם בְּיוֹמָם֙ לְהַנְחֹתָ֣ם בְּהַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְאֶת־עַמּ֨וּד הָאֵ֤שׁ בְּלַ֙יְלָה֙ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattāh bəraḥămeyḵā hārabbîm lōʾ ʿăzabtām bammidbar ʾet-ʿammûd heʿānān lōʾ-sār mēʿălêhem bəyômām ləhanḥōtām bəhadareḵ wə-ʾet-ʿammûd hāʾēš bəlaylāh ləhāʾîr lahem wə-ʾet-hadareḵ ʾăšer yēlḵû-bāh", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2ms pronoun - and you", "*bəraḥămeyḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2ms suffix - in your mercies", "*hārabbîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the many/great", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿăzabtām*": "qal perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you abandoned them", "*bammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*ʾet-ʿammûd*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the pillar of", "*heʿānān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*lōʾ-sār*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3ms - did not depart", "*mēʿălêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3mp suffix - from over them", "*bəyômām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - in their day/by day", "*ləhanḥōtām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to guide them", "*bəhadareḵ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the way", "*wə-ʾet-ʿammûd*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - and the pillar of", "*hāʾēš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fire", "*bəlaylāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*ləhāʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to illuminate", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - for them", "*wə-ʾet-hadareḵ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yēlḵû-bāh*": "qal imperfect, 3mp + preposition + 3fs suffix - they would walk in it" }, "variants": { "*bəraḥămeyḵā hārabbîm*": "in your great mercies/in your abundant compassion", "*ʿammûd heʿānān*": "pillar of cloud/cloud column", "*ləhanḥōtām*": "to guide them/to lead them/to direct them", "*ʿammûd hāʾēš*": "pillar of fire/fire column", "*ləhāʾîr*": "to illuminate/to give light/to shine" } } 20 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.20", "source": "וְרוּחֲךָ֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה נָתַ֖תָּ לְהַשְׂכִּילָ֑ם וּמַנְךָ֙ לֹא־מָנַ֣עְתָּ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וּמַ֛יִם נָתַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם לִצְמָאָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-rûḥăḵā haṭṭôbāh nātattā ləhaśkîlām wə-manḵā lōʾ-mānaʿtā mippîhem wə-mayim nātattā lahem liṣmāʾām", "grammar": { "*wə-rûḥăḵā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 2ms suffix - and your spirit", "*haṭṭôbāh*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the good", "*nātattā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you gave", "*ləhaśkîlām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - to instruct them", "*wə-manḵā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - and your manna", "*lōʾ-mānaʿtā*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 2ms - you did not withhold", "*mippîhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - from their mouth", "*wə-mayim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and water", "*nātattā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you gave", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*liṣmāʾām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - for their thirst" }, "variants": { "*rûḥăḵā haṭṭôbāh*": "your good spirit/your beneficent spirit", "*ləhaśkîlām*": "to instruct them/to make them wise/to give them understanding", "*manḵā*": "your manna/your heavenly bread", "*mānaʿtā mippîhem*": "withheld from their mouth/kept from them" } } 21 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.21", "source": "וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה כִּלְכַּלְתָּ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לֹ֣א חָסֵ֑רוּ שַׂלְמֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א בָל֔וּ וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א בָצֵֽקוּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾarbāʿîm šānāh kilkaltām bammidbar lōʾ ḥāsērû śalmōtêhem lōʾ bālû wə-raglêhem lōʾ bāṣēqû", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾarbāʿîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and forty", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*kilkaltām*": "pilpel perfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - you sustained them", "*bammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāsērû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they lacked", "*śalmōtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3mp suffix - their garments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bālû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they wore out", "*wə-raglêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual + 3mp suffix - and their feet", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bāṣēqû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they swelled" }, "variants": { "*kilkaltām*": "sustained them/maintained them/provided for them", "*ḥāsērû*": "lacked/were in need/wanted", "*bālû*": "wore out/became ragged/deteriorated", "*bāṣēqû*": "swelled/became swollen/blistered" } } 22 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.22", "source": "וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֤ם מַמְלָכוֹת֙ וַעֲמָמִ֔ים וַֽתַּחְלְקֵ֖ם לְפֵאָ֑ה וַיִּֽירְשׁ֞וּ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ סִיח֗וֹן וְאֶת־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ ע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָֽׁן׃", "text": "*wattittēn lahem mamlāḵôt waʿămāmîm wattaḥləqēm ləpēʾāh wayyîrəšû ʾet-ʾereṣ sîḥôn wə-ʾet-ʾereṣ meleḵ ḥešbôn wə-ʾet-ʾereṣ ʿôg meleḵ-habbāšān", "grammar": { "*wattittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2ms - and you gave", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*mamlāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural - kingdoms", "*waʿămāmîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and peoples", "*wattaḥləqēm*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - and you divided them", "*ləpēʾāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to a corner/region", "*wayyîrəšû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they possessed", "*ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the land of", "*sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*wə-ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - and the land of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*wə-ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - and the land of", "*ʿôg*": "proper noun - Og", "*meleḵ-habbāšān*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + proper noun - king of the Bashan" }, "variants": { "*mamlāḵôt*": "kingdoms/realms/domains", "*ʿămāmîm*": "peoples/nations/populations", "*wattaḥləqēm ləpēʾāh*": "divided them to regions/apportioned them to corners/allotted them to districts", "*wayyîrəšû*": "possessed/inherited/took possession of" } } 23 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.23", "source": "וּבְנֵיהֶ֣ם הִרְבִּ֔יתָ כְּכֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתְּבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתָּ לַאֲבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם לָב֥וֹא לָרָֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "*wə-bənêhem hirbîtā kəḵôḵəbê haššāmāyim wattəbîʾēm ʾel-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer-ʾāmartā laʾăbōtêhem lābôʾ lārāšet", "grammar": { "*wə-bənêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - and their children", "*hirbîtā*": "hiphil perfect, 2ms - you multiplied", "*kəḵôḵəbê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - as the stars of", "*haššāmāyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*wattəbîʾēm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - and you brought them", "*ʾel-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer-ʾāmartā*": "relative pronoun + qal perfect, 2ms - which you said", "*laʾăbōtêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - to their fathers", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come", "*lārāšet*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to possess" }, "variants": { "*hirbîtā*": "multiplied/increased/made numerous", "*kəḵôḵəbê haššāmāyim*": "like the stars of heaven/as numerous as the stars", "*wattəbîʾēm*": "brought them/led them/caused them to enter", "*lābôʾ lārāšet*": "to come to possess/to enter to inherit" } } 24 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.24", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַבָּנִים֙ וַיִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתַּכְנַ֨ע לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ הַכְּנַ֣עֲנִ֔ים וַֽתִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדָ֑ם וְאֶת־מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־עַֽמְמֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בָּהֶ֖ם כִּרְצוֹנָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyābōʾû habbānîm wayyîrəšû ʾet-hāʾāreṣ wattaḵnaʿ lipnêhem ʾet-yōšəbê hāʾāreṣ hakkənaʿănîm wattittənēm bəyādām wə-ʾet-malḵêhem wə-ʾet-ʿammê hāʾāreṣ laʿăśôt bāhem kirṣônām", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they came", "*habbānîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the children/sons", "*wayyîrəšû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they possessed", "*ʾet-hāʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wattaḵnaʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 2ms - and you subdued", "*lipnêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - before them", "*ʾet-yōšəbê*": "direct object marker + qal participle, masculine plural construct - the inhabitants of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*hakkənaʿănîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Canaanites", "*wattittənēm*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2ms + 3mp suffix - and you gave them", "*bəyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - into their hand", "*wə-ʾet-malḵêhem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - and their kings", "*wə-ʾet-ʿammê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - and the peoples of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*kirṣônām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - according to their pleasure" }, "variants": { "*wayyîrəšû*": "possessed/inherited/took possession of", "*wattaḵnaʿ*": "subdued/humbled/brought down", "*yōšəbê hāʾāreṣ*": "inhabitants of the land/residents of the country", "*wattittənēm bəyādām*": "gave them into their hand/delivered them into their power", "*laʿăśôt bāhem kirṣônām*": "to do with them according to their pleasure/to treat them as they wished" } } 25 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.25", "source": "וַֽיִּלְכְּד֞וּ עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻרוֹת֮ וַאֲדָמָ֣ה שְׁמֵנָה֒ וַיִּֽירְשׁ֡וּ בָּתִּ֣ים מְלֵֽאִים־כָּל־ט֠וּב בֹּר֨וֹת חֲצוּבִ֜ים כְּרָמִ֧ים וְזֵיתִ֛ים וְעֵ֥ץ מַאֲכָ֖ל לָרֹ֑ב וַיֹּאכְל֤וּ וַֽיִּשְׂבְּעוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁמִ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽתְעַדְּנ֖וּ בְּטוּבְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "*wayyilkədû ʿārîm bəṣurôt waʾădāmāh šəmēnāh wayyîrəšû bāttîm məlēʾîm-kol-ṭûb bōrôt ḥăṣûbîm kərāmîm wə-zêtîm wə-ʿēṣ maʾăḵāl lārōb wayyōʾḵəlû wayyiśbəʿû wayyašmînû wayyitʿaddənû bəṭûbəḵā haggādôl", "grammar": { "*wayyilkədû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they captured", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*bəṣurôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - fortified", "*waʾădāmāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and land/soil", "*šəmēnāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - fat/fertile", "*wayyîrəšû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they possessed", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*məlēʾîm-kol-ṭûb*": "adjective, masculine plural + noun + noun - full of all goods", "*bōrôt*": "noun, masculine plural - cisterns", "*ḥăṣûbîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - hewn", "*kərāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vineyards", "*wə-zêtîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and olive trees", "*wə-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and trees of", "*maʾăḵāl*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*lārōb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in abundance", "*wayyōʾḵəlû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they ate", "*wayyiśbəʿû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they were satisfied", "*wayyašmînû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they grew fat", "*wayyitʿaddənû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3mp - and they luxuriated", "*bəṭûbəḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - in your goodness", "*haggādôl*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the great" }, "variants": { "*ʿārîm bəṣurôt*": "fortified cities/walled cities", "*ʾădāmāh šəmēnāh*": "fertile land/rich soil/productive ground", "*bāttîm məlēʾîm-kol-ṭûb*": "houses full of all good things/dwellings filled with every valuable item", "*bōrôt ḥăṣûbîm*": "hewn cisterns/carved out wells", "*kərāmîm wə-zêtîm wə-ʿēṣ maʾăḵāl*": "vineyards and olive trees and fruit trees", "*wayyiśbəʿû*": "were satisfied/were filled/had enough", "*wayyašmînû*": "grew fat/became plump/prospered", "*wayyitʿaddənû*": "luxuriated/delighted themselves/lived in luxury", "*bəṭûbəḵā haggādôl*": "in your great goodness/in your abundant bounty" } } 26 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.26", "source": "וַיַּמְר֨וּ וַֽיִּמְרְד֜וּ בָּ֗ךְ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤כוּ אֶת־תּוֹרָֽתְךָ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוָּ֔ם וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔גוּ אֲשֶׁר־הֵעִ֥ידוּ בָ֖ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֵלֶ֑יךָ וֽ͏ַיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדוֹלֹֽת׃", "text": "*wə-yamrū* *wə-yimrəḏū* in-you, *wə-yašlīḵū* *ʾēṯ*-*tôrāṯəḵā* behind *gawām*, *wə-ʾēṯ*-*nəḇīʾêḵā* they-*hārāḡū* who-*hēʿîḏû* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-you, *wə-yaʿăśû* *neʾāṣôṯ* *gəḏôlōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yamrū*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they rebelled/were disobedient", "*wə-yimrəḏū*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they rebelled/were rebellious", "*bāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*wə-yašlīḵū*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - and they cast/threw", "*ʾēṯ-tôrāṯəḵā*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your law/instruction", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - behind/after", "*gawām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their back", "*wə-ʾēṯ-nəḇīʾêḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your prophets", "*hārāḡū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they killed", "*ʾăšer-hēʿîḏû*": "relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - who testified/warned", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they did/made", "*neʾāṣôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - contemptuous/despicable acts", "*gəḏôlōṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - great/large" }, "variants": { "*yamrū*": "rebelled/disobeyed/were contentious", "*yimrəḏū*": "rebelled/revolted/were insubordinate", "*yašlīḵū*": "cast/threw/hurled away", "*tôrāṯəḵā*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*gawām*": "back/body/middle", "*nəḇīʾêḵā*": "prophets/seers/messengers", "*hārāḡū*": "killed/slew/murdered", "*hēʿîḏû*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to return them/to bring them back/to restore them", "*neʾāṣôṯ*": "contemptuous acts/despicable deeds/blasphemies" } } 27 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.27", "source": "וַֽתִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַ֣ד צָֽרֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּצֵ֖רוּ לָהֶ֑ם וּבְעֵ֤ת צָֽרָתָם֙ יִצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּה֙ מִשָּׁמַ֣יִם תִּשְׁמָ֔ע וּֽכְרַחֲמֶ֣יךָ הָֽרַבִּ֗ים תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ מֽוֹשִׁיעִ֔ים וְיוֹשִׁיע֖וּם מִיַּ֥ד צָרֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-tittənēm* in-*yaḏ* *ṣārêhem* *wə-yāṣērû* to-them, *û-ḇə-ʿēṯ* *ṣārāṯām* they-*yiṣʿăqû* to-you, *wə-ʾattāh* from-*šāmayim* *tišmāʿ*, *û-ḵə-raḥămêḵā* *hā-rabbîm* you-*tittēn* to-them *môšîʿîm* *wə-yôšîʿûm* from-*yaḏ* *ṣārêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tittənēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you gave them", "*yaḏ*": "construct state feminine singular noun - hand of", "*ṣārêhem*": "masculine plural participle + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their adversaries/enemies", "*wə-yāṣērû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - and they distressed/oppressed", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for them", "*û-ḇə-ʿēṯ*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular construct noun - and in time of", "*ṣārāṯām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their distress/trouble", "*yiṣʿăqû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they cried out", "*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*mi-šāmayim*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - from heaven", "*tišmāʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you heard/would hear", "*û-ḵə-raḥămêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and according to your mercies", "*hā-rabbîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the many/great", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you gave/would give", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*môšîʿîm*": "masculine plural Hiphil participle - saviors/deliverers", "*wə-yôšîʿûm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they saved them", "*mi-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - from hand of", "*ṣārêhem*": "masculine plural participle + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their adversaries/enemies" }, "variants": { "*tittənēm*": "gave them/delivered them/handed them over", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/authority", "*ṣārêhem*": "their enemies/adversaries/oppressors", "*yāṣērû*": "distressed/oppressed/afflicted", "*ʿēṯ*": "time/period/season", "*ṣārāṯām*": "their distress/trouble/affliction", "*yiṣʿăqû*": "cried out/called/screamed", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/dwelling place of God", "*tišmāʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*raḥămêḵā*": "your mercies/compassions/tender mercies", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/abundant", "*tittēn*": "gave/provided/granted", "*môšîʿîm*": "saviors/deliverers/rescuers", "*yôšîʿûm*": "saved them/delivered them/rescued them" } } 28 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.28", "source": "וּכְנ֣וֹחַ לָהֶ֔ם יָשׁ֕וּבוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רַ֖ע לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתַּֽעַזְבֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְדּ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ וַיִּזְעָק֔וּךָ וְאַתָּ֞ה מִשָּׁמַ֧יִם תִּשְׁמַ֛ע וְתַצִּילֵ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ רַבּ֥וֹת עִתִּֽים׃", "text": "*û-ḵənôaḥ* to-them, they-*yāšûḇû* to-*laʿăśôṯ* *raʿ* before-you, *wə-taʿazḇēm* in-*yaḏ* *ʾōyḇêhem* *wə-yirədû* in-them, *wə-yāšûḇû* *wə-yizʿāqûḵā*, *wə-ʾattāh* from-*šāmayim* *tišmaʿ* *wə-taṣṣîlēm* according-to-*raḥămêḵā* *rabbôṯ* *ʿittîm*.", "grammar": { "*û-ḵənôaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and when they had rest", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for them", "*yāšûḇû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they returned/would return", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular noun/adjective - evil/bad", "*lə-pānêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you", "*wə-taʿazḇēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you abandoned/forsook them", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - in hand of", "*ʾōyḇêhem*": "masculine plural participle + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*wə-yirədû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they ruled/dominated", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - over them", "*wə-yāšûḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they returned", "*wə-yizʿāqûḵā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they cried out to you", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*mi-šāmayim*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - from heaven", "*tišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you heard/would hear", "*wə-taṣṣîlēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you rescued/delivered them", "*kə-raḥămêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - according to your mercies", "*rabbôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - many", "*ʿittîm*": "feminine plural noun - times" }, "variants": { "*nôaḥ*": "rest/quiet/peace", "*yāšûḇû*": "returned/turned back/reverted", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "to do/to practice/to commit", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*taʿazḇēm*": "abandoned them/forsook them/left them", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/authority", "*ʾōyḇêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*yirədû*": "ruled/dominated/prevailed", "*yizʿāqûḵā*": "cried out to you/called to you/pleaded with you", "*tišmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*taṣṣîlēm*": "delivered them/rescued them/saved them", "*raḥămêḵā*": "your mercies/compassions/tender mercies", "*rabbôṯ*": "many/numerous/multiple", "*ʿittîm*": "times/occasions/periods" } } 29 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.29", "source": "וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "*wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-*tôrāṯeḵā*, *wə-hēmmāh* *hēzîḏû* and-not-*šāməʿû* to-*miṣwōṯêḵā* and-in-*mišpāṭêḵā* they-*ḥāṭəʾû*-in-them which-*yaʿăśeh* *ʾāḏām* and-*ḥāyāh* in-them, *wə-yittənû* *ḵāṯēp̄* *sôrereṯ* and-*ʿārpām* they-*hiqšû* and-not *šāmēʿû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you warned/testified against", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾel-tôrāṯeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your law/teaching", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - but they", "*hēzîḏû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they acted presumptuously/arrogantly", "*wə-lōʾ-šāməʿû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and did not listen/obey", "*lə-miṣwōṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your commandments", "*û-ḇə-mišpāṭêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and against your judgments", "*ḥāṭəʾû-ḇām*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sinned against them", "*ʾăšer-yaʿăśeh*": "relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - which if a man does", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*wə-ḥāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by them", "*wə-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they gave/presented", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "feminine singular noun - shoulder", "*sôrereṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*wə-ʿārpām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their neck", "*hiqšû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they hardened/stiffened", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/obeyed" }, "variants": { "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified against/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to bring them back/to return them/to restore them", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "your law/instruction/teaching", "*hēmmāh*": "they/those/themselves", "*hēzîḏû*": "acted presumptuously/were arrogant/were insolent", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*miṣwōṯêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/ordinances", "*mišpāṭêḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/transgressed", "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/performs/practices", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/person/human being", "*ḥāyāh*": "lives/will live/survives", "*yittənû*": "gave/presented/offered", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "shoulder/back", "*sôrereṯ*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ʿārpām*": "their neck/their nape", "*hiqšû*": "hardened/stiffened/made obstinate" } } 30 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.30", "source": "וַתִּמְשֹׁ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ שָׁנִ֣ים רַבּ֔וֹת וַתָּ֨עַד בָּ֧ם בְּרוּחֲךָ֛ בְּיַד־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א הֶאֱזִ֑ינוּ וַֽתִּתְּנֵ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עַמֵּ֥י הָאֲרָצֹֽת׃", "text": "*wə-timšōḵ* upon-them *šānîm* *rabbôṯ* *wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them by-*rûḥăḵā* by-*yaḏ*-*nəḇîʾêḵā* and-not *heʾĕzînû*, *wə-tittənēm* in-*yaḏ* *ʿammê* *hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-timšōḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you extended/prolonged", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - over them", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years", "*rabbôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - many", "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you testified/warned", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*bə-rûḥăḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by your spirit", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - by hand of", "*nəḇîʾêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your prophets", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*heʾĕzînû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/gave ear", "*wə-tittənēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you gave them", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - into hand of", "*ʿammê*": "masculine plural construct noun - peoples of", "*hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the lands" }, "variants": { "*timšōḵ*": "extended/prolonged/drew out", "*šānîm*": "years/periods of time", "*rabbôṯ*": "many/numerous/multiple", "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*rûḥăḵā*": "your spirit/breath/wind", "*yaḏ*": "hand/agency/authority", "*nəḇîʾêḵā*": "your prophets/seers/messengers", "*heʾĕzînû*": "listened/paid attention/gave ear", "*tittənēm*": "gave them/delivered them/handed them over", "*ʿammê*": "peoples/nations/populations", "*hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*": "the lands/countries/territories" } } 31 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.31", "source": "וּֽבְרַחֲמֶ֧יךָ הָרַבִּ֛ים לֹֽא־עֲשִׂיתָ֥ם כָּלָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א עֲזַבְתָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֵֽל־חַנּ֥וּן וְרַח֖וּם אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "*û-ḇə-raḥămêḵā* *hā-rabbîm* not-*ʿăśîṯām* *kālāh* and-not *ʿăzaḇtām*, for *ʾēl*-*ḥannûn* *wə-raḥûm* you-are.", "grammar": { "*û-ḇə-raḥămêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and in your mercies", "*hā-rabbîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the many/great", "*lōʾ-ʿăśîṯām*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you did not make them", "*kālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction/consumption", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿăzaḇtām*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you abandoned/forsook them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēl-ḥannûn*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - gracious God", "*wə-raḥûm*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective - and merciful", "*ʾāttāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you" }, "variants": { "*raḥămêḵā*": "your mercies/compassions/tender mercies", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/abundant", "*ʿăśîṯām*": "made them/did to them/brought upon them", "*kālāh*": "destruction/annihilation/extermination", "*ʿăzaḇtām*": "abandoned them/forsook them/left them", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ḥannûn*": "gracious/compassionate/merciful", "*raḥûm*": "merciful/compassionate/tender" } } 32 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.32", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה אֱ֠לֹהֵינוּ הָאֵ֨ל הַגָּד֜וֹל הַגִּבּ֣וֹר וְהַנּוֹרָא֮ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַבְּרִ֣ית וְהַחֶסֶד֒ אַל־יִמְעַ֣ט לְפָנֶ֡יךָ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֣ה אֽ͏ֲשֶׁר־מְ֠צָאַתְנוּ לִמְלָכֵ֨ינוּ לְשָׂרֵ֧ינוּ וּלְכֹהֲנֵ֛ינוּ וְלִנְבִיאֵ֥נוּ וְלַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ וּלְכָל־עַמֶּ֑ךָ מִימֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-now, *ʾĕlōhênû*, *hā-ʾēl* *hag-gāḏôl* *hag-gibbôr* *wə-han-nôrāʾ*, *šômēr* *hab-bərîṯ* *wə-ha-ḥeseḏ*, not-*yimʿaṭ* before-you *ʾēṯ* all-*hat-təlāʾāh* which-*məṣāʾaṯnû* to-*məlāḵênû* to-*śārênû* and-to-*kōhănênû* and-to-*nəḇîʾênû* and-to-*ʾăḇōṯênû* and-to-all-*ʿammeḵā* from-days-of *malḵê* *ʾaššûr* until the-*yôm* *haz-zeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*hā-ʾēl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the God", "*hag-gāḏôl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great", "*hag-gibbôr*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the mighty", "*wə-han-nôrāʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine singular - and the awesome/feared", "*šômēr*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - keeper of", "*hab-bərîṯ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the covenant", "*wə-ha-ḥeseḏ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the lovingkindness", "*ʾal-yimʿaṭ*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let not seem small", "*lə-pānêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker - (untranslated)", "*kāl-hat-təlāʾāh*": "noun + definite article + feminine singular noun - all the hardship/trouble", "*ʾăšer-məṣāʾaṯnû*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person plural suffix - which has found us", "*li-məlāḵênû*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - to our kings", "*lə-śārênû*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - to our princes/officials", "*û-lə-kōhănênû*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - and to our priests", "*wə-li-nəḇîʾênû*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - and to our prophets", "*wə-la-ʾăḇōṯênû*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - and to our fathers", "*û-lə-ḵāl-ʿammeḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + noun + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and to all your people", "*mî-mê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct noun - from days of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct noun - kings of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*hay-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day", "*haz-zeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "our God/our deity", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*gāḏôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*nôrāʾ*": "awesome/fearful/terrible", "*šômēr*": "keeper/guardian/one who keeps", "*bərîṯ*": "covenant/agreement/pact", "*ḥeseḏ*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*yimʿaṭ*": "seem small/be insignificant/be regarded lightly", "*təlāʾāh*": "hardship/travail/trouble", "*məṣāʾaṯnû*": "found us/befallen us/happened to us", "*məlāḵênû*": "our kings/our monarchs/our rulers", "*śārênû*": "our princes/our officials/our leaders", "*kōhănênû*": "our priests/our ministers", "*nəḇîʾênû*": "our prophets/our seers", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "our fathers/our ancestors/our forefathers", "*ʿammeḵā*": "your people/your nation", "*malḵê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria/Asshur", "*yôm*": "day/time/period" } } 33 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.33", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה צַדִּ֔יק עַ֖ל כָּל־הַבָּ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־אֱמֶ֥ת עָשִׂ֖יתָ וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃", "text": "And-you are *ṣaddîq* concerning all-*hab-bāʾ* upon-us, for-*ʾĕmeṯ* you-*ʿāśîṯā* and-we *hiršāʿnû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous/just", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/regarding", "*kāl-hab-bāʾ*": "noun + definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - all that has come", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - upon us", "*kî-ʾĕmeṯ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - for truth", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have done", "*wa-ʾănaḥnû*": "conjunction + 1st person plural pronoun - and we", "*hiršāʿnû*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person plural - we have acted wickedly" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/correct", "*bāʾ*": "come/happened/befallen", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "done/acted/performed", "*hiršāʿnû*": "acted wickedly/done wrong/been guilty" } } 34 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.34", "source": "וְאֶת־מְלָכֵ֤ינוּ שָׂרֵ֙ינוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ לֹ֥א עָשׂ֖וּ תּוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹ֤א הִקְשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ וּלְעֵ֣דְוֺתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַעִידֹ֖תָ בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-*məlāḵênû* *śārênû* *kōhănênû* *wa-ʾăḇōṯênû* not *ʿāśû* *tôrāṯeḵā* and-not *hiqšîḇû* to-*miṣwōṯêḵā* and-to-*ʿēḏəwōṯêḵā* which *haʿîḏōṯā* in-them.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and (untranslated)", "*məlāḵênû*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - our princes/officials", "*kōhănênû*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - our priests", "*wa-ʾăḇōṯênû*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - and our fathers", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they did/performed", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your law/instruction", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hiqšîḇû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/paid attention", "*ʾel-miṣwōṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your commandments", "*û-lə-ʿēḏəwōṯêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and to your testimonies", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*haʿîḏōṯā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you testified/warned", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them" }, "variants": { "*məlāḵênû*": "our kings/our monarchs/our rulers", "*śārênû*": "our princes/our officials/our leaders", "*kōhănênû*": "our priests/our ministers", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "our fathers/our ancestors/our forefathers", "*ʿāśû*": "did/performed/practiced", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "your law/your instruction/your teaching", "*hiqšîḇû*": "listened to/paid attention to/heeded", "*miṣwōṯêḵā*": "your commandments/your precepts/your ordinances", "*ʿēḏəwōṯêḵā*": "your testimonies/your admonitions/your warnings", "*haʿîḏōṯā*": "testified/warned/admonished" } } 35 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.35", "source": "וְהֵ֣ם בְּמַלְכוּתָם֩ וּבְטוּבְךָ֨ הָרָ֜ב אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣תָּ לָהֶ֗ם וּבְאֶ֨רֶץ הָרְחָבָ֧ה וְהַשְּׁמֵנָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א עֲבָד֑וּךָ וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֔בוּ מִמַּֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעִֽים׃", "text": "And-they in-*malḵûṯām* and-in-*ṭûḇəḵā* *hā-rāḇ* which-*nāṯattā* to-them and-in-*ʾereṣ* *hā-rəḥāḇāh* *wə-haš-šəmēnāh* which-*nāṯattā* before-them not *ʿăḇāḏûḵā* and-not-*šāḇû* from-*maʿalələêhem* *hā-rāʿîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - and they", "*bə-malḵûṯām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their kingdom", "*û-ḇə-ṭûḇəḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and in your goodness", "*hā-rāḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the abundant", "*ʾăšer-nāṯattā*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - which you gave", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*û-ḇə-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and in land", "*hā-rəḥāḇāh*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the spacious/broad", "*wə-haš-šəmēnāh*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular adjective - and the fertile/rich", "*ʾăšer-nāṯattā*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - which you gave", "*li-p̄nêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿăḇāḏûḵā*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they served you", "*wə-lōʾ-šāḇû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they did not turn", "*mi-maʿalələêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from their deeds", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the evil/wicked" }, "variants": { "*malḵûṯām*": "their kingdom/their realm/their royal power", "*ṭûḇəḵā*": "your goodness/your bounty/your prosperity", "*rāḇ*": "abundant/great/much", "*nāṯattā*": "gave/provided/bestowed", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*rəḥāḇāh*": "spacious/broad/wide", "*šəmēnāh*": "fertile/rich/fat", "*ʿăḇāḏûḵā*": "served you/worked for you/worshiped you", "*šāḇû*": "turned/returned/repented", "*maʿalələêhem*": "their deeds/their practices/their actions", "*rāʿîm*": "evil/wicked/harmful" } } 36 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.36", "source": "הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ הַיּ֖וֹם עֲבָדִ֑ים וְהָאָ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣תָּה לַאֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־פִּרְיָהּ֙ וְאֶת־טוּבָ֔הּ הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ עֲבָדִ֖ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "Behold, we *hay-yôm* *ʿăḇāḏîm*, and-*hā-ʾāreṣ* which-*nāṯattāh* to-*ʾăḇōṯênû* to-*leʾĕḵōl* *ʾeṯ*-*piryāh* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ṭûḇāh*, behold, we *ʿăḇāḏîm* upon-it.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*hay-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - today/this day", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "masculine plural noun - servants/slaves", "*wə-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the land", "*ʾăšer-nāṯattāh*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - which you gave", "*la-ʾăḇōṯênû*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - to our fathers", "*le-ʾĕḵōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*ʾeṯ-piryāh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fruit", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ṭûḇāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and its goodness", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "masculine plural noun - servants/slaves", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon it" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/today/time", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves/bondmen", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*nāṯattāh*": "gave/provided/bestowed", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "our fathers/our ancestors/our forefathers", "*leʾĕḵōl*": "to eat/to consume", "*piryāh*": "its fruit/its produce/its yield", "*ṭûḇāh*": "its goodness/its bounty/its best" } } 37 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.37", "source": "וּתְבוּאָתָ֣הּ מַרְבָּ֗ה לַמְּלָכִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה עָלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחַטֹּאותֵ֑ינוּ וְעַ֣ל גְּ֠וִיֹּתֵינוּ מֹשְׁלִ֤ים וּבִבְהֶמְתֵּ֙נוּ֙ כִּרְצוֹנָ֔ם וּבְצָרָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ פ", "text": "And-*ṯəḇûʾāṯāh* *marbāh* to-*ham-məlāḵîm* which-*nāṯattāh* over-us in-*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯênû* and-over *gəwiyyōṯênû* they-*mōšlîm* and-in-*ḇəhemtēnû* according-to-*kirṣônām*, and-in-*ṣārāh* *ḡəḏôlāh* we-are.", "grammar": { "*û-ṯəḇûʾāṯāh*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and its produce/yield", "*marbāh*": "feminine singular Hiphil participle - multiplying/increasing", "*lam-məlāḵîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - to the kings", "*ʾăšer-nāṯattāh*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - whom you have set", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - over us", "*bə-ḥaṭṭōʾwṯênû*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - because of our sins", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and over", "*gəwiyyōṯênû*": "feminine plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - our bodies", "*mōšlîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - ruling/dominating", "*û-ḇi-ḇəhemtēnû*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular/plural noun + 1st person plural suffix - and over our cattle", "*ki-rṣônām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their pleasure", "*û-ḇə-ṣārāh*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and in distress", "*ḡəḏôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective - great", "*ʾănāḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we" }, "variants": { "*ṯəḇûʾāṯāh*": "its produce/its yield/its crops", "*marbāh*": "increasing/multiplying/abundant", "*məlāḵîm*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*nāṯattāh*": "set/placed/appointed", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯênû*": "our sins/our transgressions/our offenses", "*gəwiyyōṯênû*": "our bodies/our persons/our selves", "*mōšlîm*": "ruling/having authority/controlling", "*ḇəhemtēnû*": "our cattle/our livestock/our beasts", "*rṣônām*": "their pleasure/their will/their desire", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/anguish", "*ḡəḏôlāh*": "great/severe/immense" } }
• Ps 106:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.6", "source": "חָטָ֥אנוּ עִם־אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ הֶעֱוִ֥ינוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃", "text": "*ḥāṭā'nū* with-*'ăbōtênū* *he'ĕwînū* *hiršā'nū*", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭā'nū*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have sinned", "*'ăbōtênū*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix, masculine, plural - our fathers", "*he'ĕwînū*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person plural - we have committed iniquity", "*hiršā'nū*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person plural - we have done wickedly" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭā'nū*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*'ăbōtênū*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*he'ĕwînū*": "we have committed iniquity/done wrong/perversely acted", "*hiršā'nū*": "we have done wickedly/been guilty/acted wickedly" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.7", "source": "אֲב֘וֹתֵ֤ינוּ בְמִצְרַ֨יִם ׀ לֹא־הִשְׂכִּ֬ילוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א זָ֭כְרוּ אֶת־רֹ֣ב חֲסָדֶ֑יךָ וַיַּמְר֖וּ עַל־יָ֣ם בְּיַם־סֽוּף׃", "text": "*'ăbōtênū* in-*miṣrayim* not-*hiśkîlū* *niflə'ōteykā* not *zākrū* *'et*-abundance-of-*ḥăsādeykā* *wayyamrū* at-*yām* in-*yam-sūf*", "grammar": { "*'ăbōtênū*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix, masculine, plural - our fathers", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hiśkîlū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they understood/considered", "*niflə'ōteykā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, feminine, plural - your wonders", "*zākrū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they remembered", "*ḥăsādeykā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, masculine, plural - your lovingkindnesses", "*wayyamrū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they rebelled", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*yam-sūf*": "proper noun - Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" }, "variants": { "*'ăbōtênū*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Mitzrayim", "*hiśkîlū*": "understood/considered/comprehended/paid attention to", "*niflə'ōteykā*": "your wonders/marvels/miracles", "*zākrū*": "remembered/recalled/were mindful of", "*ḥăsādeykā*": "your lovingkindnesses/mercies/covenant faithfulness", "*wayyamrū*": "and they rebelled/were rebellious/disobeyed", "*yam-sūf*": "Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } }
• Jer 8:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.19", "source": "הִנֵּה־ק֞וֹל שַֽׁוְעַ֣ת בַּת־עַמִּ֗י מֵאֶ֙רֶץ֙ מַרְחַקִּ֔ים הַֽיהוָה֙ אֵ֣ין בְּצִיּ֔וֹן אִם־מַלְכָּ֖הּ אֵ֣ין בָּ֑הּ מַדּ֗וּעַ הִכְעִס֛וּנִי בִּפְסִלֵיהֶ֖ם בְּהַבְלֵ֥י נֵכָֽר׃", "text": "Behold-*qôl* *šawʿat* *bat*-*ʿammî* from-*ʾereṣ* *marḥaqqîm*: \"Is-*YHWH* not in-*Ṣiyyôn*? Is-*malkāh* not in-it?\" \"*Maddûaʿ* they *hikʿisûnî* with-*pᵊsîlêhem*, with-*hablê* *nēkār*?\"", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "construct state - sound/voice of", "*šawʿat*": "construct state - cry of", "*bat*": "construct state - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct state - land of", "*marḥaqqîm*": "plural noun - distant places", "*YHWH*": "divine name with interrogative prefix", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*malkāh*": "noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her king", "*Maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*hikʿisûnî*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have provoked me to anger", "*pᵊsîlêhem*": "plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their carved images", "*hablê*": "construct plural - vanities of", "*nēkār*": "noun - foreign/strange" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*šawʿat*": "cry/outcry/distress cry", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*marḥaqqîm*": "distant places/far countries", "*malkāh*": "her king/ruler/sovereign", "*hikʿisûnî*": "they have provoked me to anger/vexed me/irritated me", "*pᵊsîlêhem*": "their carved images/idols", "*hablê*": "vanities/worthless things/empty things", "*nēkār*": "foreign/strange/alien" } }
• Gen 8:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Genesis.8.21", "source": "וַיָּ֣רַח יְהוָה֮ אֶת־רֵ֣יחַ הַנִּיחֹחַ֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־לִבּ֗וֹ לֹֽא־אֹ֠סִף לְקַלֵּ֨ל ע֤וֹד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּעֲב֣וּר הֽ͏ָאָדָ֔ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣צֶר לֵ֧ב הָאָדָ֛ם רַ֖ע מִנְּעֻרָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־אֹסִ֥ף ע֛וֹד לְהַכּ֥וֹת אֶת־כָּל־חַ֖י כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֽׂיתִי", "text": "And *wayyāraḥ* *YHWH* *ʾēt*-*rêaḥ* the-*nîḥōaḥ*; and *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*libbô*, not-*ʾōsip* to-*qallēl* again *ʾēt*-the-*ʾădāmâ* because the-*ʾādām*, because *yēṣer* *lēb* the-*ʾādām* *raʿ* from-*nəʿurāyw*; and not-*ʾōsip* again to-*hakkôt* *ʾēt*-all-*ḥay* as *ʿāśîtî*", "grammar": { "*wayyāraḥ*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he smelled", "*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*rêaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - smell of/aroma of", "*nîḥōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the pleasing/soothing", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - to his heart", "*ʾōsip*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with negative particle - I will not continue/add", "*qallēl*": "piel infinitive construct with preposition - to curse", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ground/soil", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind", "*yēṣer*": "masculine singular construct - inclination of/intent of", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - evil/bad", "*nəʿurāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his youth", "*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to smite/strike", "*ḥay*": "masculine singular adjective - living", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I did/made" }, "variants": { "*wayyāraḥ*": "smelled/perceived", "*rêaḥ*": "smell/aroma/scent", "*nîḥōaḥ*": "pleasing/soothing/sweet", "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/thought/declared", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/inner self", "*ʾōsip*": "continue/add/do again", "*qallēl*": "curse/demean/treat with contempt", "*yēṣer*": "inclination/intent/formation", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked", "*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/young age", "*hakkôt*": "strike/destroy/smite", "*ʿāśîtî*": "I did/have done/made" } }