Verse 7

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.7", "source": "כּוֹס־זָהָ֤ב בָּבֶל֙ בְּיַד־יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מִיֵּינָהּ֙ שָׁת֣וּ גוֹיִ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְהֹלְל֥וּ גוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*Kôs*-*zāhāv* *Bāvel* in-hand-*YHWH*, *mĕšakkeretĕtĕret* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*; from-*yêynāh* *šātû* *gôyim*, upon-thus *yithōlĕlû* *gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*Kôs*": "feminine singular noun construct - cup of", "*zāhāv*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*mĕšakkeretĕtĕret*": "piel participle feminine singular - making drunk", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*yêynāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wine", "*šātû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they drank", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*yithōlĕlû*": "hithpoel imperfect, 3rd plural - they act madly/they are mad" }, "variants": { "*mĕšakkeretĕtĕret*": "making drunk/intoxicating", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*yithōlĕlû*": "act madly/go insane/become mad" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Babylon var et gullbeger i Herrens hånd som fikk hele jorden til å drikke. Nasjonene drakk fra hennes vin; derfor ble folk galne.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Babylon har vært en gyllen kopp i Herrens hånd, den har fått hele jorden til å drikke; nasjonene har drukket av hennes vin, derfor er nasjonene blitt vanvittige.

• Norsk King James

  Babylon har vært et gyllent kar i HERRENs hånd, som beruset hele jorden; nasjonene har drukket av hennes vin; derfor er nasjonene vanvittige.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Babel var en gullkopp i Herrens hånd, som fikk hele verden til å drikke; folkeslagene drakk av vinen hennes, derfor ble de galne.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Babylon var en gyllen skål i Herrens hånd, som gjorde hele jorden beruset. Folkeslagene drakk hennes vin, derfor oppfører de seg som vanvittige.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Babylon har vært en gyllen kopp i Herrens hånd, som har gjort hele jorden beruset: nasjonene har drukket av hennes vin; derfor er nasjonene gale.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Babylon har vært som en gullkopp i HERRENS hånd, som gjorde all jorden beruset; folkeslagene har drukket av hennes vin, og derfor er de forstyrret.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Babylon har vært en gyllen kopp i Herrens hånd, som har gjort hele jorden beruset: nasjonene har drukket av hennes vin; derfor er nasjonene gale.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Babel var en gullkopp i Herrens hånd som fikk hele jorden til å drikke seg drukken. Folkene drakk av hennes vin, og derfor opptrer de nå som gale.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of the Lord, intoxicating the whole earth. The nations drank her wine; therefore, they have gone mad.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Babel skal være som et gullbeger i Herrens hånd, som gjorde hele jorden drukken. Folkeslagene drakk av hennes vin, derfor er de blitt vanvittige.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Babel var et Guldbæger i Herrens Haand, hun haver gjort al Verden drukken; Hedningerne have drukket af hendes Viin, derfor bleve Hedningerne galne.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD'S hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Babylon har vært en gyllen begerskål i Herrens hånd, som gjorde hele jorden full; folkene har drukket av hennes vin, derfor ble folkeslagene gale.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Babylon has been a golden cup in the LORD's hand, that made all the earth drunk; the nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD'S hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Babylon har vært en gyllen skål i Herrens hånd, som gjorde hele jorden drukken: folkeslagene har drukket av hennes vin; derfor er nasjonene blitt vanvittige.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Babylon er en gullkopp i Herrens hånd, som har gjort all jorden beruset. Av vinen hennes har folkeslagene drukket, derfor har folkeslagene rost seg.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Babel har vært en gullkopp i Herrens hånd, som gjorde hele jorden drukken; nasjonene drakk av hennes vin, derfor ble nasjonene gale.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Babylon har vært en gullkopp i Herrens hånd, som har gjort hele jorden beruset: folkene har drukket av hennes vin, og derfor har de blitt fra seg.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Babilon hath bene in the LORDES honde a golden cuppe, yt maketh all londes droncken. Of hir wyne haue all people droncken, therfore are they out of their wittes.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Babel hath bene as a golden cuppe in the Lordes hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations haue drunken of her wine, therefore do the nations rage.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Babylon hath ben in the Lordes hande a golden cuppe, that maketh all landes drunken: of her wine haue all people drunken, therfore are they out of their wittes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Babylon [hath been] a golden cup in the LORD'S hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Babylon has been a golden cup in Yahweh's hand, who made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  A golden cup `is' Babylon in the hand of Jehovah, Making drunk all the earth, Of its wine drunk have nations, Therefore boast themselves do nations.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Babylon hath been a golden cup in Jehovah's hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Babylon has been a gold cup in the hand of the Lord, which has made all the earth overcome with wine: the nations have taken of her wine, and for this cause the nations have gone off their heads.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Babylon has been a golden cup in Yahweh's hand, who made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Babylonia had been a gold cup in the LORD’s hand. She had made the whole world drunk. The nations had drunk from the wine of her wrath. So they have all gone mad.

Referenced Verses

• Rev 14:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.14.8", "source": "Καὶ ἄλλος ἄγγελος ἠκολούθησεν, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ πόλις, ἡ μεγάλη ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν πάντα ἔθνη.", "text": "And another *angelos* *ēkolouthēsen*, *legōn*, *Epesen*, *epesen*, *Babylōn* the *polis*, the *megalē* because from the *oinou* of the *thymou* of the *porneias* of her *pepōtiken* all *ethnē*.", "grammar": { "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*ēkolouthēsen*": "aorist active, 3rd person singular - followed", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*Epesen*": "aorist active, 3rd person singular - fell/has fallen", "*Babylōn*": "nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*polis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*megalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*oinou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*thymou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - passion/wrath", "*porneias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - sexual immorality", "*pepōtiken*": "perfect active, 3rd person singular - has made to drink", "*ethnē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - nations" }, "variants": { "*ēkolouthēsen*": "followed/came after", "*Epesen*": "fell/has fallen/collapsed", "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/powerful/mighty", "*oinou*": "wine/fermented drink", "*thymou*": "passion/wrath/anger/rage", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*pepōtiken*": "has made to drink/has given to drink", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles" } }
• Rev 17:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.4", "source": "Καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἦν περιβεβλημένη πορφύρᾳ καὶ κόκκινῳ, καὶ κεχρυσωμένη χρυσῷ καὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ καὶ μαργαρίταις, ἔχουσα χρυσοῦν ποτήριον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτῆς γέμον βδελυγμάτων καὶ ἀκάθαρτητος πορνείας αὐτῆς:", "text": "And the *gynē* was *peribeblēmenē* with *porphyra* and *kokkino*, and *kechrysōmenē* with *chrysō* and *lithō* *timiō* and *margaritais*, *echousa* *chrysoun* *potērion* in the *cheiri* of her *gemon* *bdelygmatōn* and *akathartētos* *porneias* of her:", "grammar": { "*gynē*": "nominative singular feminine - woman", "*peribeblēmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been clothed/arrayed", "*porphyra*": "dative singular feminine - with purple", "*kokkino*": "dative singular neuter - with scarlet", "*kechrysōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been adorned with gold", "*chrysō*": "dative singular masculine - with gold", "*lithō*": "dative singular masculine - with stone", "*timiō*": "dative singular masculine - precious", "*margaritais*": "dative plural masculine - with pearls", "*echousa*": "present active participle, nominative singular feminine - having", "*chrysoun*": "accusative singular neuter - golden", "*potērion*": "accusative singular neuter - cup", "*cheiri*": "dative singular feminine - in hand", "*gemon*": "present active participle, accusative singular neuter - being full of", "*bdelygmatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - of abominations", "*akathartētos*": "genitive singular feminine - of uncleanness", "*porneias*": "genitive singular feminine - of sexual immorality" }, "variants": { "*gynē*": "woman/wife/female", "*porphyra*": "purple/purple garment/royal color", "*kokkino*": "scarlet/crimson/red", "*lithō timiō*": "precious stone/gem/jewel", "*margaritais*": "pearls/precious ornaments", "*potērion*": "cup/goblet/drinking vessel", "*bdelygmatōn*": "abominations/detestable things/idolatrous practices", "*akathartētos*": "uncleanness/impurity/filthiness", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/prostitution/idolatry" } }
• Rev 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.3", "source": "Ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πέπτωκαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετʼ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.", "text": "Because from the *oinou* of the *thymou* of the *porneias* of her *peptōkan* all the *ethnē*, and the *basileis* of the *gēs* with her *eporneusan*, and the *emporoi* of the *gēs* from the *dynameōs* of the *strēnous* of her *eploutēsan*.", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*tou oinou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*tou thymou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/passion/fury", "*tēs porneias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - fornication/sexual immorality", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*peptōkan*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - have fallen/have drunk", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*eporneusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - committed fornication/sexual immorality", "*emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants/traders", "*dynameōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - power/might/abundance", "*strēnous*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - luxury/sensuality/wantonness", "*eploutēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich/wealthy" }, "variants": { "*oinou*": "wine/intoxicating drink", "*thymou*": "wrath/passion/fury/anger", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*peptōkan*": "have fallen/have drunk/have been corrupted", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*eporneusan*": "committed sexual immorality/fornicated with", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*dynameōs*": "power/might/strength/abundance", "*strēnous*": "luxury/sensuality/wantonness/self-indulgence", "*eploutēsan*": "became rich/wealthy/affluent" } }
• Rev 17:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.2", "source": "Μεθʼ ἧς ἐπόρνευσαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐμεθύσθησαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς.", "text": "With whom *eporneusan* the *basileis* of the *gēs*, and *emethysthēsan* the ones *katoikountes* the *gēn* from the *oinou* of the *porneias* of her.", "grammar": { "*eporneusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - committed sexual immorality", "*basileis*": "nominative plural masculine - kings/rulers", "*gēs*": "genitive singular feminine - of earth/land", "*emethysthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural - were made drunk", "*katoikountes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - dwelling/inhabiting", "*gēn*": "accusative singular feminine - earth/land", "*oinou*": "genitive singular masculine - of wine", "*porneias*": "genitive singular feminine - of sexual immorality/prostitution" }, "variants": { "*eporneusan*": "committed fornication/engaged in illicit sexual relations/participated in idolatry", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/sovereigns", "*katoikountes*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*oinou*": "wine/fermented drink", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/prostitution/idolatry" } }
• Rev 18:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.23", "source": "Καὶ φῶς λύχνου οὐ μὴ φάνῃ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι: ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροί σου ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς· ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.", "text": "And *phōs* of *lychnou* *ou mē* *phanē* in you *eti*; and *phōnē* of *nymphiou* and of *nymphēs* *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*: because the *emporoi* of you *ēsan* the *megistanes* of the *gēs*; because in the *pharmakeia* of you *eplanēthēsan* all the *ethnē*.", "grammar": { "*phōs*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*lychnou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - lamp", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*phanē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might shine/appear", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person singular - you", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer", "*phōnē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*nymphiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - bride", "*akousthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be heard", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hoi emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*ēsan*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were", "*hoi megistanes*": "adjective used as noun, nominative, masculine, plural - great ones/magnates", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*en*": "preposition + dative - by", "*tē pharmakeia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - sorcery/magic arts", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*eplanēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were deceived/led astray", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples" }, "variants": { "*phōs*": "light/brightness", "*lychnou*": "lamp/light", "*phanē*": "might shine/might appear/might be seen", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/noise", "*nymphiou*": "bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "bride", "*akousthē*": "might be heard/will be heard", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*ēsan*": "were", "*megistanes*": "great ones/magnates/nobles/mighty men", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*pharmakeia*": "sorcery/magic arts/witchcraft/drug use", "*eplanēthēsan*": "were deceived/were led astray/were misled", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles" } }
• Rev 19:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.2", "source": "Ὅτι ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις αὐτοῦ: ὅτι ἔκρινεν τὴν πόρνην τὴν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔφθειρεν τὴν γῆν ἐν τῇ πορνείᾳ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς.", "text": "For *alēthinai* and *dikaiai* [are] the *kriseis* of him: for he *ekrinen* the *pornēn* the *megalēn*, who *ephtheiren* the *gēn* in the *porneia* of her, and *exedikēsen* the *haima* of the *doulōn* of him from *cheiros* of her.", "grammar": { "*alēthinai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - true", "*dikaiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - righteous/just", "*kriseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - judgments", "*ekrinen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he judged", "*pornēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - prostitute/harlot", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*ephtheiren*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - corrupted/destroyed", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality/fornication", "*exedikēsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - avenged/vindicated", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*doulōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - slaves/servants", "*cheiros*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hand" }, "variants": { "*alēthinai*": "true/genuine/real", "*dikaiai*": "righteous/just/fair", "*kriseis*": "judgments/decisions/separations", "*pornēn*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*ephtheiren*": "corrupted/destroyed/ruined", "*gēn*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/prostitution/fornication", "*exedikēsen*": "avenged/vindicated/punished", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*doulōn*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*cheiros*": "hand/power/control" } }
• Isa 14:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.4", "source": "וְנָשָׂ֜אתָ הַמָּשָׁ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאָמָ֑רְתָּ אֵ֚יךְ שָׁבַ֣ת נֹגֵ֔שׂ שָׁבְתָ֖ה מַדְהֵבָֽה׃", "text": "And *nāśāʾtā* the-*māšāl* the-this against-*meleḵ* *bāḇel* and-*ʾāmārtā*: *ʾêḵ* *šāḇat* *nōḡēś*, *šāḇtāh* *madhēḇāh*.", "grammar": { "*nāśāʾtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will take up/lift", "*māšāl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the proverb/taunt/oracle", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ʾāmārtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will say", "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*šāḇat*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has ceased/stopped", "*nōḡēś*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - oppressor/taskmaster", "*šāḇtāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has ceased/stopped", "*madhēḇāh*": "feminine singular noun - insolence/golden city/oppression" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾtā*": "take up/lift/raise/bear", "*māšāl*": "proverb/taunt/parable/oracle", "*šāḇat*": "cease/stop/rest/desist", "*nōḡēś*": "oppressor/taskmaster/tyrant/driver", "*madhēḇāh*": "insolence/golden city/golden one/oppression/place of gold" } }
• Jer 25:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.9", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Behold me *šōlēaḥ* and *lāqaḥtî* *ʾet* all *mišpĕḥôt* of *ṣāpôn* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, and unto *Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek*-*Bābel* my *ʿabdî*, and *wahăbîʾōtîm* upon the *ʾāreṣ* the this and upon *yōšĕbêhā* and upon all the *gôyîm* the these around, and *haḥăramtîm* and *śamtîm* for *šammāh* and for *šĕrēqāh* and for *ḥārbôt* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*lāqaḥtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I will take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - families/clans", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - north", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - and I will bring them", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*yōšĕbêhā*": "verb participle, qal active, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants", "*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*haḥăramtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will utterly destroy them", "*śamtîm*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will make them", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - horror/appalment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - hissing/derision", "*ḥārbôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - ruins/wastes", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*lāqaḥtî*": "I will take/fetch/receive", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*ʿabdî*": "my servant/slave", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "and I will bring them/lead them", "*haḥăramtîm*": "I will utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*śamtîm*": "I will make them/set them/place them", "*šammāh*": "horror/appalment/astonishment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "hissing/derision/mockery", "*ḥārbôt*": "ruins/wastes/desolation", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }
• Jer 25:14-27 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.14", "source": "כִּ֣י עָֽבְדוּ־בָ֤ם גַּם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים וּמְלָכִ֖ים גְּדוֹלִ֑ים וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם כְּפָעֳלָ֖ם וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "For *ʿābədû* in them *gam*-they *gôyīm* many and *mə̄lāḵîm* great, and *wəšillamtî* to them according to their *pāʿŏlām* and according to *maʿăśēh* their hands.", "grammar": { "*ʿābədû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they served/enslaved", "*gam*": "emphatic particle - also/even", "*gôyīm*": "masculine plural noun - nations/peoples", "*mə̄lāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*wəšillamtî*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will repay/recompense", "*pāʿŏlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deed/work", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - work/deed of" }, "variants": { "*ʿābədû*": "served/enslaved/made to work", "*gôyīm*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*wəšillamtî*": "I will repay/recompense/requite", "*pāʿŏlām*": "their deed/action/work" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.15", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵלַ֔י קַ֠ח אֶת־כּ֨וֹס הַיַּ֧יִן הַחֵמָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את מִיָּדִ֑י וְהִשְׁקִיתָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י שֹׁלֵ֥חַ אוֹתְךָ֖ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* to me, *qaḥ* *ʾet*-cup of the *yayin* the *ḥēmâ* the this from my hand, and *hišqîtâ* it *ʾet*-all-the-*gôyīm* whom *ʾānōḵî* *šōlēaḥ* you to them.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - wine", "*ḥēmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - wrath/fury", "*hišqîtâ*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you shall cause to drink", "*gôyīm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - nations/peoples", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šōlēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sending" }, "variants": { "*ḥēmâ*": "wrath/fury/anger/rage", "*hišqîtâ*": "cause to drink/make drink/give drink", "*gôyīm*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.16", "source": "וְשָׁת֕וּ וְהִֽתְגֹּֽעֲשׁ֖וּ וְהִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַחֶ֔רֶב אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵ֖חַ בֵּינֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And *šātû* and *hitgōʿăšû* and *hithōlālû* from before the *ḥereb* which *ʾānōḵî* *šōlēaḥ* among them.", "grammar": { "*šātû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will drink", "*hitgōʿăšû*": "Hithpael perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will reel/stagger", "*hithōlālû*": "Hithpael perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will act madly/be mad", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sword", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šōlēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sending" }, "variants": { "*hitgōʿăšû*": "reel/stagger/be tossed to and fro", "*hithōlālû*": "act madly/be insane/act like fools", "*ḥereb*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching/letting loose" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.17", "source": "וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֶת־הַכּ֖וֹס מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֑ה וָֽאַשְׁקֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾeqqaḥ* *ʾet*-the-cup from hand of *YHWH*, and *ʾašqeh* *ʾet*-all-the-*gôyīm* whom-*šəlāḥanî* *YHWH* to them.", "grammar": { "*ʾeqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾašqeh*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I caused to drink", "*gôyīm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - nations/peoples", "*šəlāḥanî*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - sent me" }, "variants": { "*ʾeqqaḥ*": "took/received/got", "*ʾašqeh*": "caused to drink/made drink/gave drink", "*gôyīm*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*šəlāḥanî*": "sent me/dispatched me" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.18", "source": "אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶת־מְלָכֶ֖יהָ אֶת־שָׂרֶ֑יהָ לָתֵ֨ת אֹתָ֜ם לְחָרְבָּ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה לִשְׁרֵקָ֥ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*Yərûšālaim* and *ʾet*-cities of *Yəhûdâ* and *ʾet*-their *məlāḵehā* *ʾet*-their *śārehā* to *lātēt* them for *ḥārbâ* for *šammâ* for *širēqâ* and for *qəlālâ* as the day the this.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məlāḵehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her kings", "*śārehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials", "*lātēt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to give/make", "*ḥārbâ*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - for desolation", "*šammâ*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - for astonishment", "*širēqâ*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - for hissing", "*qəlālâ*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - for curse" }, "variants": { "*məlāḵehā*": "her kings/rulers", "*śārehā*": "her princes/officials/nobles", "*lātēt*": "to give/place/put/make", "*ḥārbâ*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*šammâ*": "astonishment/horror/waste", "*širēqâ*": "hissing/derision/mockery", "*qəlālâ*": "curse/cursing" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.19", "source": "אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־שָׂרָ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*Parʿōh* king-of-*Miṣrayim* and *ʾet*-his *ʿăbādāyw* and *ʾet*-his *śārāyw* and *ʾet*-all-his *ʿammô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his princes/officials", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*Parʿōh*": "Pharaoh (title of Egyptian king)", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "his servants/slaves/officials", "*śārāyw*": "his princes/officials/nobles", "*ʿammô*": "his people/nation/folk" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.20", "source": "וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָעֶ֔רֶב וְאֵ֕ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הָע֑וּץ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־מַלְכֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְאֶת־אַשְׁקְל֤וֹן וְאֶת־עַזָּה֙ וְאֶת־עֶקְר֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית אַשְׁדּֽוֹד׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-the-*ʿereb* and *ʾēt* all-kings of land of the *ʿûṣ* and *ʾēt* all-kings of land of *Pəlištîm* and *ʾet*-*ʾAšqəlôn* and *ʾet*-*ʿAzzâ* and *ʾet*-*ʿEqrôn* and *ʾēt* *šəʾērît* of *ʾAšdôd*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*ʿûṣ*": "proper noun with definite article - Uz", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*ʾAšqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*ʿAzzâ*": "proper noun - Gaza", "*ʿEqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*šəʾērît*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʾAšdôd*": "proper noun - Ashdod" }, "variants": { "*ʿereb*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture of people", "*šəʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/rest" } } 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.21", "source": "אֶת־אֱד֥וֹם וְאֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*ʾĔdôm* and *ʾet*-*Môʾāb* and *ʾet*-sons of *ʿAmmôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĔdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʿAmmôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": {} } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.22", "source": "וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵי־צֹ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֵת֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-kings-of-*Ṣōr* and *ʾēt* all-kings of *Ṣîdôn* and *ʾēt* kings of the *ʾî* which in *ʿēber* the *yām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*ʾî*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - coastland/island", "*ʿēber*": "masculine singular construct - region across/beyond", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - sea" }, "variants": { "*ʾî*": "coastland/island/shore", "*ʿēber*": "region across/beyond/side" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.23", "source": "וְאֶת־דְּדָ֤ן וְאֶת־תֵּימָא֙ וְאֶת־בּ֔וּז וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֥י פֵאָֽה׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*Dədān* and *ʾet*-*Têmāʾ* and *ʾet*-*Bûz* and *ʾēt* all-*qəṣûṣê* *pēʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Dədān*": "proper noun - Dedan", "*Têmāʾ*": "proper noun - Tema", "*Bûz*": "proper noun - Buz", "*qəṣûṣê*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural construct - ones cut off of", "*pēʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - corner/side/edge" }, "variants": { "*qəṣûṣê pēʾâ*": "ones with corners [of hair] cut/those who clip the corners [of their hair]/edge dwellers" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.24", "source": "וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י עֲרָ֑ב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָעֶ֔רֶב הַשֹּׁכְנִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-kings of *ʿĂrāb* and *ʾēt* all-kings of the *ʿereb* the *šōḵənîm* in the *midbār*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿĂrāb*": "proper noun - Arabia", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*šōḵənîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - dwelling/inhabiting", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - desert/wilderness" }, "variants": { "*ʿĂrāb*": "Arabia/Arabs", "*ʿereb*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture of people", "*šōḵənîm*": "dwelling/inhabiting/residing", "*midbār*": "desert/wilderness/uninhabited land" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.25", "source": "וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י זִמְרִ֗י וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י עֵילָ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י מָדָֽי׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-kings of *Zimrî* and *ʾēt* all-kings of *ʿÊlām* and *ʾēt* all-kings of *Māday*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Zimrî*": "proper noun - Zimri", "*ʿÊlām*": "proper noun - Elam", "*Māday*": "proper noun - Media" }, "variants": {} } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.26", "source": "וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הַצָּפ֗וֹן הַקְּרֹבִ֤ים וְהָֽרְחֹקִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַמַּמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וּמֶ֥לֶךְ שֵׁשַׁ֖ךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-kings of the *ṣāpôn* the *qərōbîm* and the *rəḥōqîm* *ʾîš* to-his brother, and *ʾēt* all-the-*mamlə̄ḵôt* the *ʾāreṣ* which upon-*pənê* the *ʾădāmâ*. And king *Šēšaḵ* *yišteh* after them.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣāpôn*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - north", "*qərōbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - near ones", "*rəḥōqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - far ones", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each", "*mamlə̄ḵôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - kingdoms", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - earth/land", "*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - ground/land", "*Šēšaḵ*": "proper noun - Sheshach (code name for Babylon)", "*yišteh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will drink" }, "variants": { "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern [region]", "*qərōbîm*": "near ones/those who are near", "*rəḥōqîm*": "far ones/those who are far", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/each one", "*mamlə̄ḵôt*": "kingdoms/dominions", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*pənê*": "face of/surface of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/earth", "*Šēšaḵ*": "Sheshach (cryptogram for Babylon using atbash cipher)" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.27", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֡ם ס כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁת֤וּ וְשִׁכְרוּ֙ וּקְי֔וּ וְנִפְל֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תָק֑וּמוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַחֶ֔רֶב אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵ֖חַ בֵּינֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾāmartā* to them, thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *šətû* and *šiḵrû* and *qəyû* and *niflû* and not *tāqûmû* from before the *ḥereb* which *ʾānōḵî* *šōlēaḥ* among you.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you shall say", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šətû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - drink", "*šiḵrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - be drunk", "*qəyû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - vomit", "*niflû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - fall", "*tāqûmû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will rise/stand", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sword", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šōlēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sending" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*šətû*": "drink/consume", "*šiḵrû*": "be drunk/be intoxicated", "*qəyû*": "vomit/spew out", "*niflû*": "fall/fall down/collapse", "*tāqûmû*": "rise/stand/get up", "*ḥereb*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching" } }
• Jer 50:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.38", "source": "חֹ֥רֶב אֶל־מֵימֶ֖יהָ וְיָבֵ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ פְּסִלִים֙ הִ֔יא וּבָאֵימִ֖ים יִתְהֹלָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ḥōreb* against-*mêmeyhā* and-*yābēšû*, for *ʾereṣ* *pĕsîlîm* *hîʾ*, and-in-*ʾêmîm* *yithōlālû*.", "grammar": { "*ḥōreb*": "masculine singular noun - drought/dryness", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to", "*mêmeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her waters", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*yābēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dry up", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of", "*pĕsîlîm*": "masculine plural noun - idols/carved images", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bāʾêmîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - in terrors/horrible things", "*yithōlālû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they boast/act madly" }, "variants": { "*ḥōreb*": "drought/dryness (similar to *ḥereb*, sword, with different vocalization)", "*mêmeyhā*": "her waters/waterways", "*yābēšû*": "will dry up/be dried up/become dry", "*pĕsîlîm*": "idols/carved images/graven images", "*ʾêmîm*": "terrors/horrible things/fearful things", "*yithōlālû*": "boast/act madly/are mad about/glory in" } }
• Dan 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.32", "source": "ה֣וּא צַלְמָ֗א רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ דִּֽי־דְהַ֣ב טָ֔ב חֲד֥וֹהִי וּדְרָע֖וֹהִי דִּ֣י כְסַ֑ף מְע֥וֹהִי וְיַרְכָתֵ֖הּ דִּ֥י נְחָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*hûʾ ṣalmāʾ rēʾšēh* that-of-*dĕhab ṭāb*, *ḥădôhî* and-*dĕrāʿôhî* that of-*kĕsap*, *mĕʿôhî* and-*yarkātēh* that of-*nĕḥāš*.", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it/he", "*ṣalmāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the image", "*rēʾšēh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its head", "*dĕhab*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*ṭāb*": "masculine singular adjective - good/fine", "*ḥădôhî*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its chest/breast", "*dĕrāʿôhî*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its arms", "*kĕsap*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*mĕʿôhî*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its belly/abdomen", "*yarkātēh*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its thighs", "*nĕḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*rēʾšēh*": "its head/top part", "*dĕhab ṭāb*": "fine gold/pure gold/good gold", "*ḥădôhî*": "its chest/breast/upper torso", "*dĕrāʿôhî*": "its arms/forearms", "*mĕʿôhî*": "its belly/abdomen/midsection", "*yarkātēh*": "its thighs/hips/lower torso", "*nĕḥāš*": "bronze/copper/brass" } }
• Dan 2:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.38", "source": "וּבְכָל־דִּ֣י *דארין **דָֽיְרִ֣ין בְּֽנֵי־אֲ֠נָשָׁא חֵיוַ֨ת בָּרָ֤א וְעוֹף־שְׁמַיָּא֙ יְהַ֣ב בִּידָ֔ךְ וְהַשְׁלְטָ֖ךְ בְּכָלְּה֑וֹן אַנְתְּה־ה֔וּא רֵאשָׁ֖ה דִּ֥י דַהֲבָֽא׃", "text": "And-in-all that *dāyĕrîn bĕnê-ʾănāšāʾ ḥêwat bārāʾ* and-*ʿôp-šĕmayyāʾ yĕhab bîdāk* and-*hašlĕṭāk bĕkolĕhôn*; *ʾantəh-hûʾ rēʾšāh* that of-*dahăbāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*dāyĕrîn*": "masculine plural active participle - dwelling/living", "*bĕnê-ʾănāšāʾ*": "masculine plural construct noun with masculine plural noun - sons of men/mankind", "*ḥêwat*": "feminine singular construct noun - beast of", "*bārāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the field", "*ʿôp-šĕmayyāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun with masculine plural noun with definite article - birds of the heavens", "*yĕhab*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect verb - he has given", "*bîdāk*": "preposition with feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - into your hand", "*hašlĕṭāk*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect verb with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he has made you ruler", "*bĕkolĕhôn*": "preposition with masculine singular construct noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - over all of them", "*ʾantəh-hûʾ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - you are", "*rēʾšāh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the head", "*dahăbāʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the gold" }, "variants": { "*dāyĕrîn*": "dwelling/living/inhabiting", "*bĕnê-ʾănāšāʾ*": "sons of men/mankind/humanity", "*ḥêwat bārāʾ*": "beasts of the field/wild animals", "*ʿôp-šĕmayyāʾ*": "birds of heaven/birds of the air", "*yĕhab bîdāk*": "has given into your hand/has placed under your control", "*hašlĕṭāk*": "has made you ruler/has given you dominion", "*bĕkolĕhôn*": "over all of them/over them all", "*rēʾšāh dî dahăbāʾ*": "head of gold/golden head" } }
• Dan 3:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.1", "source": "נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ צְלֵ֣ם דִּֽי־דְהַ֔ב רוּמֵהּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖הּ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁ֑ת אֲקִימֵהּ֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת דּוּרָ֔א בִּמְדִינַ֖ת בָּבֶֽל׃", "text": "*Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ* *ʿăḇaḏ* *ṣəlēm* *dî-ḏəhaḇ* *rûmēh* *ʾammîn* *šittîn* *pəṯāyēh* *ʾammîn* *šiṯ* *ʾăqîmēh* *bəḇiqʿaṯ* *dûrāʾ* *bimḏînaṯ* *bāḇel*", "grammar": { "*Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar*": "proper noun, subject", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king", "*ʿăḇaḏ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - made/did", "*ṣəlēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - image/statue", "*dî-ḏəhaḇ*": "relative particle + noun - of gold", "*rûmēh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its height", "*ʾammîn*": "noun, feminine plural - cubits", "*šittîn*": "numeral - sixty", "*pəṯāyēh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its width", "*šiṯ*": "numeral - six", "*ʾăqîmēh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he set it up", "*bəḇiqʿaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the plain of", "*dûrāʾ*": "proper noun - Dura", "*bimḏînaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the province of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*ṣəlēm*": "image/statue/idol", "*ʿăḇaḏ*": "made/created/fashioned", "*ʾăqîmēh*": "set up/erected/established" } } 2 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.2", "source": "וּנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֡א שְׁלַ֡ח לְמִכְנַ֣שׁ ׀ לַֽאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּא֩ גְדָ֨בְרַיָּ֤א דְּתָבְרַיָּא֙ תִּפְתָּיֵ֔א וְכֹ֖ל שִׁלְטֹנֵ֣י מְדִֽינָתָ֑א לְמֵתֵא֙ לַחֲנֻכַּ֣ת צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "and *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ* *šəlaḥ* *ləmiḵnaš* *laʾăḥašdarpənayāʾ* *siḡnayāʾ* and *ûp̄aḥăwāṯāʾ* *ʾăḏarḡāzərayāʾ* *ḡəḏāḇərayāʾ* *dəṯāḇərayāʾ* *tip̄tāyēʾ* and all *šilṭōnê* *mḏînāṯāʾ* *ləmēṯēʾ* *laḥănukkaṯ* *ṣalmāʾ* *dî* *hăqêm* *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ*", "grammar": { "*šəlaḥ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - sent", "*ləmiḵnaš*": "preposition + verb, infinitive construct - to gather", "*laʾăḥašdarpənayāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural emphatic - the satraps", "*siḡnayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the prefects", "*ûp̄aḥăwāṯāʾ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural emphatic - and the governors", "*ʾăḏarḡāzərayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the counselors", "*ḡəḏāḇərayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the treasurers", "*dəṯāḇərayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the judges", "*tip̄tāyēʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the magistrates", "*šilṭōnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of", "*mḏînāṯāʾ*": "noun, feminine plural emphatic - the provinces", "*ləmēṯēʾ*": "preposition + verb, infinitive construct - to come", "*laḥănukkaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - to the dedication of", "*ṣalmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the image", "*dî*": "relative particle - which", "*hăqêm*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - set up" }, "variants": { "*šəlaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ləmiḵnaš*": "to gather/assemble/collect", "*ʾăḥašdarpənayāʾ*": "satraps/provincial governors", "*siḡnayāʾ*": "prefects/administrators", "*p̄aḥăwāṯāʾ*": "governors/officials", "*ʾăḏarḡāzərayāʾ*": "counselors/advisers", "*ḡəḏāḇərayāʾ*": "treasurers/financial officers", "*dəṯāḇərayāʾ*": "judges/legal officials", "*tip̄tāyēʾ*": "magistrates/law enforcers", "*šilṭōnê*": "rulers/authorities", "*hăqêm*": "set up/erected/established" } } 3 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.3", "source": "בֵּאדַ֡יִן מִֽתְכַּנְּשִׁ֡ין אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּ֣א גְדָבְרַיָּא֩ דְּתָ֨בְרַיָּ֜א תִּפְתָּיֵ֗א וְכֹל֙ שִׁלְטֹנֵ֣י מְדִֽינָתָ֔א לַחֲנֻכַּ֣ת צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֑א *וקאמין **וְקָֽיְמִין֙ לָקֳבֵ֣ל צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּֽר׃", "text": "*bēʾḏayin* *miṯkannəšîn* *ʾăḥašdarpənayāʾ* *siḡnayāʾ* and *ûp̄aḥăwāṯāʾ* *ʾăḏarḡāzərayāʾ* *ḡəḏāḇərayāʾ* *dəṯāḇərayāʾ* *tip̄tāyēʾ* and all *šilṭōnê* *mḏînāṯāʾ* *laḥănukkaṯ* *ṣalmāʾ* *dî* *hăqêm* *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ* and *wəqāyəmîn* *lāqŏḇēl* *ṣalmāʾ* *dî* *hăqêm* *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar*", "grammar": { "*bēʾḏayin*": "adverb - then", "*miṯkannəšîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - were assembling/gathering", "*wəqāyəmîn*": "conjunction + verb, participle, masculine plural - and were standing", "*lāqŏḇēl*": "preposition + preposition - before/opposite", "*ṣalmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the image" }, "variants": { "*bēʾḏayin*": "then/at that time", "*miṯkannəšîn*": "were assembling/were gathering/came together", "*wəqāyəmîn*": "and were standing/and stood/and were positioned", "*lāqŏḇēl*": "before/opposite/in front of" } } 4 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.4", "source": "וְכָרוֹזָ֖א קָרֵ֣א בְחָ֑יִל לְכ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙ עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א אֻמַּיָּ֖א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא׃", "text": "and *ḵārôzāʾ* *qārēʾ* *ḇəḥāyil* to-you *ʾāmərîn* *ʿamməmayāʾ* *ʾummayāʾ* and *wəliššānayāʾ*", "grammar": { "*ḵārôzāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the herald", "*qārēʾ*": "verb, participle, masculine singular - calling/proclaiming", "*ḇəḥāyil*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with strength/loudly", "*ʾāmərîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - saying/commanding", "*ʿamməmayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the peoples", "*ʾummayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the nations", "*wəliššānayāʾ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural emphatic - and the languages" }, "variants": { "*ḵārôzāʾ*": "herald/announcer", "*qārēʾ*": "calling/proclaiming/announcing", "*ḇəḥāyil*": "with strength/loudly/with force", "*ʾāmərîn*": "saying/commanding/declaring", "*ʿamməmayāʾ*": "peoples/populations", "*ʾummayāʾ*": "nations/nationalities", "*liššānayāʾ*": "languages/tongues" } } 5 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.5", "source": "בְּעִדָּנָ֡א דִּֽי־תִשְׁמְע֡וּן קָ֣ל קַרְנָ֣א מַ֠שְׁרוֹקִיתָא *קיתרוס **קַתְר֨וֹס סַבְּכָ֤א פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֙ סוּמְפֹּ֣נְיָ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֑א תִּפְּל֤וּן וְתִסְגְּדוּן֙ לְצֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "in-*ʿiddānāʾ* *dî-ṯišməʿûn* *qāl* *qarnāʾ* *mašrôqîṯāʾ* *qaṯrôs* *sabbəḵāʾ* *pəsantērîn* *sûmpōnəyāh* and all *zənê* *zəmārāʾ* *tippəlûn* and *wəṯisəgəḏûn* to-*ṣelem* *dahăḇāʾ* *dî* *hăqêm* *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿiddānāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the time", "*dî-ṯišməʿûn*": "relative particle + verb, imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - that you hear", "*qāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*qarnāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the horn", "*mašrôqîṯāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the pipe/flute", "*qaṯrôs*": "noun - zither/lyre", "*sabbəḵāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the trigon/triangular harp", "*pəsantērîn*": "noun, masculine singular - psaltery/harp", "*sûmpōnəyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - bagpipe/double pipe", "*zənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kinds of", "*zəmārāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - music", "*tippəlûn*": "verb, imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall fall down", "*wəṯisəgəḏûn*": "conjunction + verb, imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall worship", "*ṣelem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - image of", "*dahăḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the gold" }, "variants": { "*ʿiddānāʾ*": "time/moment", "*tippəlûn*": "you shall fall down/you shall prostrate yourselves", "*ṯisəgəḏûn*": "you shall worship/you shall pay homage to", "*zənê*": "kinds/types/varieties", "*zəmārāʾ*": "music/musical instruments" } } 6 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.6", "source": "וּמַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְיִסְגֻּ֑ד בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣א יִתְרְמֵ֔א לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃", "text": "and *ûman-dî-lāʾ* *yippēl* and *wəyisgud* in-*bah-šaʿăṯāʾ* *yiṯrəmēʾ* to-*ləḡôʾ-ʾattûn* *nûrāʾ* *yāqiḏtāʾ*", "grammar": { "*ûman-dî-lāʾ*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun + relative particle + negative particle - and whoever not", "*yippēl*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - falls down", "*wəyisgud*": "conjunction + verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and worships", "*bah-šaʿăṯāʾ*": "preposition + determiner + noun, feminine singular emphatic - in that hour/moment", "*yiṯrəmēʾ*": "verb, imperfect passive, 3rd masculine singular - shall be thrown", "*ləḡôʾ-ʾattûn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - into the midst of furnace", "*nûrāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the fire", "*yāqiḏtāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular emphatic - burning" }, "variants": { "*yippēl*": "falls down/prostrates himself", "*yisgud*": "worships/pays homage", "*šaʿăṯāʾ*": "hour/moment/time", "*yiṯrəmēʾ*": "shall be thrown/shall be cast", "*ʾattûn*": "furnace/oven", "*yāqiḏtāʾ*": "burning/blazing" } } 7 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.7", "source": "כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֡ה בֵּהּ־זִמְנָ֡א כְּדִ֣י שָֽׁמְעִ֣ין כָּֽל־עַמְמַיָּ֡א קָ֣ל קַרְנָא֩ מַשְׁר֨וֹקִיתָ֜א *קיתרס **קַתְר֤וֹס שַׂבְּכָא֙ פְּסַנְטֵרִ֔ין וְכֹ֖ל זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֑א נָֽפְלִ֨ין כָּֽל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֜א אֻמַיָּ֣א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֗א סָֽגְדִין֙ לְצֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "*kāl-qŏḇēl* *dənāh* in-*bēh-zimnāʾ* when *kəḏî* *šāməʿîn* all-*kāl-ʿamməmayāʾ* *qāl* *qarnāʾ* *mašrôqîṯāʾ* *qaṯrôs* *śabbəḵāʾ* *pəsantērîn* and all *zənê* *zəmārāʾ* *nāp̄əlîn* all-*kāl-ʿamməmayāʾ* *ʾumayāʾ* and *wəliššānayāʾ* *sāḡəḏîn* to-*ṣelem* *dahăḇāʾ* *dî* *hăqêm* *Nəbûḵaḏneṣṣar* *malkāʾ*", "grammar": { "*kāl-qŏḇēl*": "noun, masculine singular + preposition - because of", "*dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*bēh-zimnāʾ*": "preposition + determiner + noun, masculine singular emphatic - at that time", "*kəḏî*": "conjunction + relative particle - when", "*šāməʿîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - hearing", "*kāl-ʿamməmayāʾ*": "adjective + noun, masculine plural emphatic - all the peoples", "*nāp̄əlîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - falling down", "*sāḡəḏîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - worshiping" }, "variants": { "*kāl-qŏḇēl dənāh*": "because of this/therefore/accordingly", "*bēh-zimnāʾ*": "at that time/at that moment", "*nāp̄əlîn*": "falling down/prostrating themselves", "*sāḡəḏîn*": "worshiping/paying homage to" } }
• Hab 2:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.15", "source": "ה֚וֹי מַשְׁקֵ֣ה רֵעֵ֔הוּ מְסַפֵּ֥חַ חֲמָתְךָ֖ וְאַ֣ף שַׁכֵּ֑ר לְמַ֥עַן הַבִּ֖יט עַל־מְעוֹרֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Hôy mašqēh rēʿēhû mĕsappēaḥ ḥămātĕkā* and even *šakkēr* in order to *habîṭ* upon *mĕʿôrêhem*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*mašqēh*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - giving drink", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*mĕsappēaḥ*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - pouring out/joining", "*ḥămātĕkā*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wrath/bottle", "*šakkēr*": "verb, piel infinitive absolute - making drunk", "*habîṭ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to look", "*mĕʿôrêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their nakedness" }, "variants": { "*mašqēh*": "giving drink to/causing to drink", "*mĕsappēaḥ*": "pouring out/adding/joining to", "*ḥămātĕkā*": "your wrath/poison/bottle/rage", "*šakkēr*": "making drunk/intoxicating", "*mĕʿôrêhem*": "their nakedness/private parts/shame" } } 16 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.16", "source": "שָׂבַ֤עְתָּ קָלוֹן֙ מִכָּב֔וֹד שְׁתֵ֥ה גַם־אַ֖תָּה וְהֵֽעָרֵ֑ל תִּסּ֣וֹב עָלֶ֗יךָ כּ֚וֹס יְמִ֣ין יְהוָ֔ה וְקִיקָל֖וֹן עַל־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "You are *śābaʿtā qālôn mikkābôd*. *Šĕtēh* also you and *hēʿārēl*. *Tissôb* upon you *kôs yĕmîn YHWH* and *qîqālôn* upon *kĕbôdekā*.", "grammar": { "*śābaʿtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you are filled/satisfied", "*qālôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - shame/disgrace", "*mikkābôd*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from glory", "*šĕtēh*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - drink", "*hēʿārēl*": "verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - be uncircumcised/be exposed", "*tissôb*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will surround/come around", "*kôs*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cup of", "*yĕmîn*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - right hand of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*qîqālôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - shame/disgrace", "*kĕbôdekā*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your glory" }, "variants": { "*śābaʿtā*": "you are filled/satisfied/glutted", "*qālôn*": "shame/disgrace/dishonor", "*hēʿārēl*": "be uncircumcised/be exposed/stagger", "*tissôb*": "will turn/will surround/will come around", "*qîqālôn*": "shame/disgrace/vomit of shame" } }