Verse 12

{ "verseID": "Job.11.12", "source": "וְאִ֣ישׁ נָ֭בוּב יִלָּבֵ֑ב וְעַ֥יִר פֶּ֝֗רֶא אָדָ֥ם יִוָּלֵֽד׃", "text": "*wə-ʾiš* *navuv* *yillāvēv* *wə-ʿayir* *pereʾ* *ʾadam* *yiwwālēd*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾiš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and man", "*navuv*": "adjective masculine singular - hollow/empty", "*yillāvēv*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will get heart/become wise", "*wə-ʿayir*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and colt of", "*pereʾ*": "noun masculine singular - wild donkey", "*ʾadam*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*yiwwālēd*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be born" }, "variants": { "*navuv*": "hollow/empty-hearted/senseless", "*yillāvēv*": "get heart/gain understanding/become wise", "*ʿayir*": "colt/foal/young ass", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/onager", "*ʾadam*": "man/human/mankind" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Job 39:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.39.5", "source": "מִֽי־שִׁלַּ֣ח פֶּ֣רֶא חָפְשִׁ֑י וּמֹסְר֥וֹת עָ֝ר֗וֹד מִ֣י פִתֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*mî*-*šillaḥ* *pereʾ* *ḥopšî* *û*-*môsərôt* *ʿārôd* *mî* *pittēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sent away/set free", "*pereʾ*": "masculine singular absolute - wild donkey", "*ḥopšî*": "masculine singular adjective - free", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*môsərôt*": "feminine plural construct - bonds/chains of", "*ʿārôd*": "masculine singular absolute - wild ass", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*pittēaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he opened/untied" }, "variants": { "*mî*": "who", "*šillaḥ*": "sent away/set free/let loose", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/onager", "*ḥopšî*": "free/liberty", "*môsərôt*": "bonds/chains/restraints", "*ʿārôd*": "wild ass/onager", "*pittēaḥ*": "opened/untied/loosed" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.39.6", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי עֲרָבָ֣ה בֵית֑וֹ וּֽמִשְׁכְּנוֹתָ֥יו מְלֵֽחָה׃", "text": "*ʾăšer*-*śamtî* *ʿărābāh* *bêtô* *û*-*mišḵənôtāyw* *məlēḥāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I set/placed", "*ʿărābāh*": "feminine singular absolute - desert plain/wilderness", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mišḵənôtāyw*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dwelling places", "*məlēḥāh*": "feminine singular absolute - salt land/barren place" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšer*": "who/which/that", "*śamtî*": "I set/placed/established", "*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe", "*bêtô*": "his house/home/dwelling", "*mišḵənôtāyw*": "his dwelling places/habitations", "*məlēḥāh*": "salt land/barren place/salt marsh" } } 7 { "verseID": "Job.39.7", "source": "יִ֭שְׂחַק לַהֲמ֣וֹן קִרְיָ֑ה תְּשֻׁא֥וֹת נ֝וֹגֵ֗שׂ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמָֽע׃", "text": "*yiśḥaq* *la*-*hămôn* *qiryāh* *təšuʾôt* *nôgēś* *lōʾ* *yišmāʿ*", "grammar": { "*yiśḥaq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he laughs/mocks", "*la*": "preposition - at/to", "*hămôn*": "masculine singular construct - multitude/tumult of", "*qiryāh*": "feminine singular absolute - city/town", "*təšuʾôt*": "feminine plural construct - shoutings of", "*nôgēś*": "qal participle, masculine singular absolute - taskmaster/driver", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yišmāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he hears/obeys" }, "variants": { "*yiśḥaq*": "he laughs/mocks/scorns", "*hămôn*": "multitude/tumult/noise", "*qiryāh*": "city/town", "*təšuʾôt*": "shoutings/cries/noise", "*nôgēś*": "taskmaster/driver/oppressor", "*yišmāʿ*": "he hears/obeys/listens to" } } 8 { "verseID": "Job.39.8", "source": "יְת֣וּר הָרִ֣ים מִרְעֵ֑הוּ וְאַחַ֖ר כָּל־יָר֣וֹק יִדְרֽוֹשׁ׃", "text": "*yətûr* *hārîm* *mirʿēhû* *wə*-*ʾaḥar* *kol*-*yārôq* *yidrôš*", "grammar": { "*yətûr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he searches/explores", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural absolute - mountains", "*mirʿēhû*": "masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pasture", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*kol*": "construct - every/all", "*yārôq*": "masculine singular adjective - green thing", "*yidrôš*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he seeks/searches" }, "variants": { "*yətûr*": "he searches/explores/spies out", "*hārîm*": "mountains/hills", "*mirʿēhû*": "his pasture/grazing place", "*ʾaḥar*": "after/behind", "*yārôq*": "green thing/vegetation", "*yidrôš*": "he seeks/searches/inquires after" } }
  • Ps 73:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.22", "source": "וַאֲנִי־בַ֭עַר וְלֹ֣א אֵדָ֑ע בְּ֝הֵמ֗וֹת הָיִ֥יתִי עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wa'ani-va'ar welo eda'*; *behemot hayiti 'immakh*.", "grammar": { "*Wa'ani-va'ar*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st person singular + noun, masculine singular - and I brutish", "*welo*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*eda'*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I knew", "*behemot*": "noun, feminine plural - beasts/animals", "*hayiti*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I was", "*'immakh*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you" }, "variants": { "*ani*": "I/myself", "*ba'ar*": "brutish/stupid/ignorant", "*yada*": "knew/understood/perceived", "*behemot*": "beasts/large animals (possibly singular with plural intensity)", "*hayah*": "was/became/existed", "*'im*": "with/beside/near" } }
  • Eccl 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.3.18", "source": "אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י עַל־דִּבְרַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם לְבָרָ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְלִרְא֕וֹת שְׁהֶם־בְּהֵמָ֥ה הֵ֖מָּה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmartî* *ʾănî* in-*libbî* concerning-*diḇraṯ* *bənê* the-*ʾāḏām* to-*ləḇārām* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *wə*-to-*lirʾôṯ* that-they-*bəhēmâ* *hēmmâ* to-them", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/about", "*diḇraṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - matter of/case of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ḇārām*": "verb, qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to test them/purify them", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*li*": "preposition - to/for", "*rʾôṯ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to see", "*še*": "relative particle - that", "*hēm*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*bəhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal", "*hēmmâ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/told/declared", "*libbî*": "my heart/mind/inner self", "*diḇraṯ*": "matter/case/cause/reason", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*ḇārām*": "to test them/purify them/select them/clarify for them", "*rʾôṯ*": "to see/perceive/observe", "*bəhēmâ*": "beast/animal/cattle", "*hēmmâ*": "they/themselves" } }
  • Jer 2:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.24", "source": "פֶּ֣רֶה ׀ לִמֻּ֣ד מִדְבָּ֗ר בְּאַוַּ֤ת נפשו נַפְשָׁהּ֙ שָׁאֲפָ֣ה ר֔וּחַ תַּאֲנָתָ֖הּ מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נָּה כָּל־מְבַקְשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ לֹ֣א יִיעָ֔פוּ בְּחָדְשָׁ֖הּ יִמְצָאֽוּנְהָ׃", "text": "*pereʾ* *limmud* *midbār* *bəʾawwat* *nafšāh* *šāʾăfāh* *rûaḥ* *taʾănātāh* *mî* *yəšîbennāh* *kol*-*məbaqšêhā* *lōʾ* *yîʿāfû* *bəḥodšāh* *yimṣāʾûnhā*", "grammar": { "*pereʾ*": "masculine singular noun - wild donkey", "*limmud*": "passive participle Pual, masculine singular - accustomed to/taught", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*bəʾawwat*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - in the desire of", "*nafšāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul/appetite (Qere, corrected reading)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - she snuffs up/pants after", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath", "*taʾănātāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her desire/craving", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yəšîbennāh*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - can turn her back", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*məbaqšêhā*": "masculine plural participle Piel with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those seeking her", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yîʿāfû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will weary/tire", "*bəḥodšāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her month", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will find her" }, "variants": { "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*limmud*": "accustomed to/taught/trained", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*ʾawwat*": "desire/lust/craving", "*nafšāh*": "her soul/appetite/desire (textual variant: *nafšô* = his soul or *nafšāh* = her soul)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "she snuffs up/pants after/eagerly inhales", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/air", "*taʾănātāh*": "her desire/craving/lust", "*yəšîbennāh*": "can turn her back/restrain her/hold her back", "*məbaqšêhā*": "those seeking her/pursuing her/searching for her", "*yîʿāfû*": "they will weary/tire/exhaust themselves", "*ḥodšāh*": "her month/her time of heat/her mating season", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "they will find her/encounter her" } }
  • Rom 1:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Romans.1.22", "source": "Φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν,", "text": "*Phaskontes* *einai* *sophoi*, *emōranthēsan*,", "grammar": { "*Phaskontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - professing/claiming", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*sophoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural, adjective - wise", "*emōranthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became fools" }, "variants": { "*Phaskontes*": "professing/claiming/asserting", "*sophoi*": "wise/skilled/learned", "*emōranthēsan*": "they became fools/were made foolish/became moronic" } }
  • Rom 12:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Romans.12.16", "source": "Τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες. Μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι. Μὴ γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς.", "text": "The same toward *allēlous* *fronountes*. Not the *hypsēla* *fronountes*, but to the *tapeinois* *synapagomenoi*. Not *ginesthe* *fronimoi* with yourselves.", "grammar": { "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - one another", "*fronountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - thinking/minding", "*hypsēla*": "accusative, neuter, plural - high things/lofty things", "*fronountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - thinking/minding", "*tapeinois*": "dative, masculine/neuter, plural - to lowly things/people", "*synapagomenoi*": "present middle/passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being carried away with/associating with", "*ginesthe*": "present middle/passive imperative, 2nd person plural - become/be", "*fronimoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - wise/prudent" }, "variants": { "*allēlous*": "one another/each other", "*fronountes*": "thinking/minding/setting your mind on", "*hypsēla*": "high things/lofty things/proud things", "*tapeinois*": "lowly things/humble people/people of low position", "*synapagomenoi*": "being carried away with/associating with/condescending to", "*ginesthe*": "become/be/happen", "*fronimoi*": "wise/prudent/sensible" } }
  • 1 Cor 3:18-20 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.3.18", "source": "Μηδεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξαπατάτω. Εἴ τις δοκεῖ σοφὸς εἶναι ἐν ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, μωρὸς γενέσθω, ἵνα γένηται σοφός.", "text": "*Mēdeis heauton exapatatō*. If anyone *dokei sophos einai* in you in the *aiōni toutō*, *mōros genesthō*, that he may *genētai sophos*.", "grammar": { "*Mēdeis*": "adjective, masculine, nominative, singular - no one", "*heauton*": "reflexive pronoun, masculine, accusative, singular - himself", "*exapatatō*": "present active imperative, 3rd person singular - let him deceive", "*dokei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - thinks/seems", "*sophos*": "adjective, masculine, nominative, singular - wise", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*aiōni*": "noun, masculine, dative, singular - age/world", "*toutō*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine, dative, singular - this", "*mōros*": "adjective, masculine, nominative, singular - foolish", "*genesthō*": "aorist middle imperative, 3rd person singular - let him become", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he may become", "*sophos*": "adjective, masculine, nominative, singular - wise" }, "variants": { "*exapatatō*": "let him deceive/delude", "*dokei*": "thinks/seems/appears", "*sophos*": "wise/learned/skilled", "*aiōni*": "age/era/world", "*mōros*": "foolish/foolish one/fool", "*genesthō*": "let him become/be made", "*genētai*": "may become/be made" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.3.19", "source": "Ἡ γὰρ σοφία τοῦ κόσμου τούτου μωρία παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ ἐστιν. Γέγραπται γάρ, Ὁ δρασσόμενος τοὺς σοφοὺς ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτῶν.", "text": "The *gar sophia tou kosmou toutou mōria para tō Theō estin*. It has been *gegraptai gar*, The one *drassomenos tous sophous* in the *panourgia autōn*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*sophia*": "noun, feminine, nominative, singular - wisdom", "*tou kosmou*": "noun, masculine, genitive, singular - of the world", "*toutou*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine, genitive, singular - of this", "*mōria*": "noun, feminine, nominative, singular - foolishness", "*para*": "preposition - beside/with/in the sight of", "*tō Theō*": "noun, masculine, dative, singular - God", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*gegraptai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it has been written", "*drassomenos*": "present middle participle, masculine, nominative, singular - catching/seizing", "*tous sophous*": "adjective, masculine, accusative, plural - the wise ones", "*panourgia*": "noun, feminine, dative, singular - craftiness/cunning", "*autōn*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person, genitive, plural - of them" }, "variants": { "*sophia*": "wisdom/knowledge/skill", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/order", "*mōria*": "foolishness/absurdity", "*gegraptai*": "it has been written/recorded/inscribed", "*drassomenos*": "catching/seizing/grasping", "*sophous*": "wise ones/sages", "*panourgia*": "craftiness/cunning/cleverness" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.3.20", "source": "Καὶ πάλιν, Κύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν σοφῶν, ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι.", "text": "And *palin*, *Kyrios ginōskei tous dialogismous tōn sophōn*, that they *eisin mataioi*.", "grammar": { "*palin*": "adverb - again", "*Kyrios*": "noun, masculine, nominative, singular - Lord", "*ginōskei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - knows", "*tous dialogismous*": "noun, masculine, accusative, plural - the thoughts/reasonings", "*tōn sophōn*": "adjective, masculine, genitive, plural - of the wise", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*mataioi*": "adjective, masculine, nominative, plural - vain/futile" }, "variants": { "*palin*": "again/once more", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master", "*ginōskei*": "knows/perceives/understands", "*dialogismous*": "thoughts/reasonings/deliberations", "*sophōn*": "wise ones/sages", "*mataioi*": "vain/futile/empty/worthless" } }
  • Eph 2:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ephesians.2.3", "source": "Ἐν οἷς καὶ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἀνεστράφημέν ποτε ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν, ποιοῦντες τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν· καὶ ἤμεν τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποί.", "text": "Among whom also we all *anestraphēmen* *pote* in the *epithymiais* of the *sarkos* of us, *poiountes* the *thelēmata* of the *sarkos* and of the *dianoiōn*; and we *ēmen* *tekna* by *physei* of *orgēs*, as also the *loipoi*", "grammar": { "*anestraphēmen*": "aorist passive indicative, 1st person plural - conducted ourselves/lived/turned back", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly", "*epithymiais*": "dative plural feminine - desires/lusts/cravings", "*sarkos*": "genitive singular feminine - flesh/body/human nature", "*poiountes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - doing/practicing", "*thelēmata*": "accusative plural neuter - wills/desires/wishes", "*dianoiōn*": "genitive plural feminine - thoughts/minds/understandings", "*ēmen*": "imperfect active indicative, 1st person plural - we were [continuous]", "*tekna*": "nominative plural neuter - children/offspring", "*physei*": "dative singular feminine - by nature/innately", "*orgēs*": "genitive singular feminine - wrath/anger", "*loipoi*": "nominative plural masculine - rest/remainder/others" }, "variants": { "*anestraphēmen*": "conducted ourselves/lived/behaved", "*epithymiais*": "desires/lusts/cravings/passions", "*sarkos*": "flesh/body/sinful human nature", "*thelēmata*": "wills/desires/wishes/intentions", "*dianoiōn*": "minds/thoughts/understandings/intentions", "*tekna*": "children/offspring/descendants", "*physei*": "by nature/innately/naturally", "*orgēs*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*loipoi*": "rest/remainder/others/remaining ones" } }
  • Jas 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "James.2.20", "source": "Θέλεις δὲ γνῶναι, ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ, ὅτι ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν;", "text": "*Theleis de gnōnai*, O *anthrōpe kene*, that the *pistis* without the *ergōn nekra estin*?", "grammar": { "*Theleis*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you wish", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*gnōnai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to know", "ὦ": "vocative particle - O", "*anthrōpe*": "vocative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*kene*": "vocative, masculine, singular - empty/foolish", "ὅτι": "conjunction - that", "ἡ *pistis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the faith", "χωρὶς": "preposition + genitive - without/apart from", "τῶν *ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - the works", "*nekra*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - dead", "*estin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - is" }, "variants": { "*Theleis*": "you wish/want/desire", "*gnōnai*": "to know/understand/learn", "*anthrōpe*": "man/person/human", "*kene*": "empty/foolish/vain", "*pistis*": "faith/belief/trust", "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions", "*nekra*": "dead/lifeless", "*estin*": "is/exists" } }
  • Jas 3:13-17 : 13 { "verseID": "James.3.13", "source": "Τίς σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων ἐν ὑμῖν; δειξάτω ἐκ τῆς καλῆς ἀναστροφῆς τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν πρᾳΰτητι σοφίας.", "text": "Who *sophos* and *epistēmōn* among you? Let him *deixatō* out of the *kalēs* *anastrophēs* the *erga* of him in *prautēti* of *sophias*.", "grammar": { "*sophos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wise", "*epistēmōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - understanding/knowing", "*deixatō*": "aorist imperative, active, 3rd singular - let him show", "*kalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - good/noble", "*anastrophēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - conduct/behavior", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*prautēti*": "dative, feminine, singular - meekness/gentleness", "*sophias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of wisdom" }, "variants": { "*sophos*": "wise/skilled", "*epistēmōn*": "understanding/knowledgeable/intelligent", "*deixatō*": "show/demonstrate/prove", "*kalēs*": "good/noble/beautiful", "*anastrophēs*": "conduct/behavior/manner of life", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*prautēti*": "meekness/gentleness/humility", "*sophias*": "wisdom/skill/insight" } } 14 { "verseID": "James.3.14", "source": "Εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε, καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας.", "text": "If *de* *zēlon* *pikron* you *echete* and *eritheian* in the *kardia* of you, *mē* *katakauchāsthe*, and *pseudesthe* against the *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*zēlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*pikron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bitter", "*echete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you have", "*eritheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*katakauchāsthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - boast/glory", "*pseudesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - lie/speak falsely", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*zēlon*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*pikron*": "bitter/harsh", "*eritheian*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*katakauchāsthe*": "boast/glory/pride yourselves", "*pseudesthe*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality" } } 15 { "verseID": "James.3.15", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλʼ ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης.", "text": "Not *estin* this the *sophia* from *anōthen* *katerchomenē*, but *epigeios*, *psychikē*, *daimoniōdēs*.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/from the beginning", "*katerchomenē*": "present participle, middle, nominative, feminine, singular - coming down", "*epigeios*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earthly/worldly", "*psychikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - natural/unspiritual", "*daimoniōdēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - demonic" }, "variants": { "*sophia*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*katerchomenē*": "coming down/descending", "*epigeios*": "earthly/worldly/terrestrial", "*psychikē*": "natural/unspiritual/belonging to the soul", "*daimoniōdēs*": "demonic/devilish/inspired by demons" } } 16 { "verseID": "James.3.16", "source": "Ὅπου γὰρ ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα.", "text": "Where *gar* *zēlos* and *eritheia*, there *akatastasia* and every *phaulon* *pragma*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*zēlos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*eritheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*akatastasia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - disorder/confusion", "*phaulon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - worthless/evil", "*pragma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - thing/deed/matter" }, "variants": { "*zēlos*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*eritheia*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*akatastasia*": "disorder/confusion/instability", "*phaulon*": "worthless/evil/base/vile", "*pragma*": "thing/deed/matter/practice" } } 17 { "verseID": "James.3.17", "source": "Ἡ δὲ ἄνωθεν σοφία πρῶτον μὲν ἁγνή ἐστιν, ἔπειτα εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, μεστὴ ἐλέους καὶ καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀδιάκριτος, καὶ ἀνυπόκριτος.", "text": "The *de* from *anōthen* *sophia* *prōton* *men* *hagnē* *estin*, *epeita* *eirēnikē*, *epieikēs*, *eupeithēs*, *mestē* *eleous* and *karpōn* *agathōn*, *adiakritos*, and *anypokritos*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*prōton*": "adverb - first/firstly", "*men*": "particle introducing first in a series - indeed", "*hagnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - pure", "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*epeita*": "adverb - then/afterwards", "*eirēnikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - peaceable", "*epieikēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - gentle/reasonable", "*eupeithēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - compliant/easily persuaded", "*mestē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - full", "*eleous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of mercy", "*karpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of fruits", "*agathōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - good", "*adiakritos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - impartial/without partiality", "*anypokritos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - genuine/sincere" }, "variants": { "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*hagnē*": "pure/chaste/holy", "*eirēnikē*": "peaceable/peaceful", "*epieikēs*": "gentle/reasonable/fair", "*eupeithēs*": "compliant/willing to yield/easily persuaded", "*eleous*": "mercy/compassion", "*karpōn*": "fruits/results/products", "*agathōn*": "good/beneficial", "*adiakritos*": "impartial/without partiality/without uncertainty", "*anypokritos*": "sincere/genuine/without hypocrisy" } }
  • Ps 92:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.92.6", "source": "מַה־גָּדְל֣וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה מְ֝אֹ֗ד עָמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "How *gādlû* *maʿăśeykā* *YHWH* *meʾōd* *ʿāmqû* *maḥšebōteykā*.", "grammar": { "How": "interrogative mah - how/what", "*gādlû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are great", "*maʿăśeykā*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your works", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*meʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*ʿāmqû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are deep", "*maḥšebōteykā*": "noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your thoughts" }, "variants": { "*gādlû*": "they are great/they are magnificent/they are exalted", "*maʿăśeykā*": "your works/your deeds/your actions", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah (divine name)", "*meʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*ʿāmqû*": "they are deep/they are profound/they are unfathomable", "*maḥšebōteykā*": "your thoughts/your plans/your designs" } }
  • Prov 30:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.2", "source": "כִּ֤י בַ֣עַר אָנֹכִ֣י מֵאִ֑ישׁ וְלֹֽא־בִינַ֖ת אָדָ֣ם לִֽי׃", "text": "*Kî* *baʿar* *ʾānōkî* *mēʾîš* *welōʾ*-*bînat* *ʾādām* *lî*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/surely/because", "*baʿar*": "masculine singular adjective - brutish/stupid", "*ʾānōkî*": "first person singular pronoun - I", "*mēʾîš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from/than man", "*welōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*bînat*": "construct state, feminine singular - understanding of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/humanity", "*lî*": "preposition + first person singular suffix - to me" }, "variants": { "*baʿar*": "brutish/stupid/ignorant/boorish", "*mēʾîš*": "from man/than any man", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity/Adam" } } 3 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.3", "source": "וְלֹֽא־לָמַ֥דְתִּי חָכְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת קְדֹשִׁ֣ים אֵדָֽע׃", "text": "*welōʾ*-*lāmadtî* *ḥokmâ* *wedaʿat* *qedōšîm* *ʾēdāʿ*", "grammar": { "*welōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*lāmadtî*": "qal perfect, first person singular - I have learned", "*ḥokmâ*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*wedaʿat*": "conjunction + construct state, feminine singular - and knowledge of", "*qedōšîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - holy ones/holy things", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "qal imperfect, first person singular - I know/will know" }, "variants": { "*qedōšîm*": "holy ones/holy things/the Holy One (plural of majesty)/sacred matters" } } 4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.4", "source": "מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃", "text": "*Mî* *ʿālâ*-*šāmayim* *wayyērad* *mî* *ʾāsap*-*rûaḥ* *beḥopnāyw* *mî* *ṣārar*-*mayim* *baśśimlâ* *mî* *hēqîm* *kol*-*ʾapsê*-*ʾāreṣ* *mah*-*šemô* *ûmah*-*šem*-*benô* *kî* *tēdāʿ*", "grammar": { "*Mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, third masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*wayyērad*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, third masculine singular - and descended/came down", "*ʾāsap*": "qal perfect, third masculine singular - gathered/collected", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath/spirit", "*beḥopnāyw*": "preposition + masculine dual noun + third person masculine singular suffix - in his fists/handfuls", "*ṣārar*": "qal perfect, third masculine singular - bound/wrapped up", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*baśśimlâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the garment/cloak", "*hēqîm*": "hiphil perfect, third masculine singular - established/set up", "*kol*": "construct state - all of", "*ʾapsê*": "construct state, masculine plural - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*šemô*": "masculine singular noun + third person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ûmah*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*šem*": "construct state, masculine singular - name of", "*benô*": "masculine singular noun + third person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/if/that/when/because", "*tēdāʿ*": "qal imperfect, second masculine singular - you know/will know" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*ʾapsê*": "ends/boundaries/extremities", "*kî*": "for/if/that/surely/when" } }
  • Ps 51:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.51.5", "source": "כִּֽי־פְ֭שָׁעַי אֲנִ֣י אֵדָ֑ע וְחַטָּאתִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃", "text": "For-*pəšāʿay* *ʾănî* *ʾēdāʿ* and-*ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *negdî* *tāmîd*", "grammar": { "*pəšāʿay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I know", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my sin", "*negdî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - before me/opposite me", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually/always" }, "variants": { "*pəšāʿay*": "my transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "I know/recognize/acknowledge", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "my sin/offense/failure", "*negdî*": "before me/opposite me/in front of me", "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/constantly" } }
  • Ps 62:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.62.9", "source": "בִּטְח֘וּ ב֤וֹ בְכָל־עֵ֨ת ׀ עָ֗ם שִׁפְכֽוּ־לְפָנָ֥יו לְבַבְכֶ֑ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים מַחֲסֶה־לָּ֣נוּ סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*biṭḥû* in him in all *ʿēt*, *ʿām*; *shipkû* before him your *lĕbab*; *ʾĕlōhîm* is *maḥăseh* for us, *selâ*", "grammar": { "*biṭḥû*": "2nd person masculine plural qal imperative - trust", "*ʿēt*": "common singular noun with prefixed preposition 'in' and 'all' - time", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*shipkû*": "2nd person masculine plural qal imperative - pour out", "*lĕbab*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - heart", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*maḥăseh*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition 'for' and 1st person common plural suffix - refuge", "*selâ*": "musical notation - selah" }, "variants": { "*biṭḥû*": "trust/rely on/be confident in", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/occasion", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*shipkû*": "pour out/spill/shed", "*lĕbab*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (plural form used for singular deity)", "*maḥăseh*": "refuge/shelter/protection", "*selâ*": "musical notation possibly indicating pause or emphasis" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.62.10", "source": "אַ֤ךְ ׀ הֶ֥בֶל בְּנֵֽי־אָדָם֮ כָּזָ֢ב בְּנֵ֫י אִ֥ישׁ בְּמֹאזְנַ֥יִם לַעֲל֑וֹת הֵ֝֗מָּה מֵהֶ֥בֶל יָֽחַד׃", "text": "*ʾak* *hebel* are *bĕnê-ʾādām*, *kāzāb* are *bĕnê ʾîsh*; in *mōʾznayim* to *laʿălôt*, they from *hebel* altogether", "grammar": { "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*hebel*": "masculine singular noun - vanity/breath/vapor", "*bĕnê-ʾādām*": "masculine plural construct with proper noun - sons of Adam/mankind/humans", "*kāzāb*": "masculine singular noun - lie/falsehood", "*bĕnê ʾîsh*": "masculine plural construct with noun - sons of man/people of rank", "*mōʾznayim*": "masculine dual noun with prefixed preposition 'in' - scales/balances", "*laʿălôt*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition 'to' - to go up/ascend", "*hebel*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition 'from' - vanity/breath/vapor", "*ḥad*": "adverb - together/altogether/all of them" }, "variants": { "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hebel*": "vanity/vapor/breath/emptiness/futility", "*bĕnê-ʾādām*": "sons of man/human beings/mankind/common people", "*kāzāb*": "lie/falsehood/deception", "*bĕnê ʾîsh*": "sons of man/people of rank/persons of importance", "*mōʾznayim*": "scales/balances/weighing device", "*laʿălôt*": "to go up/ascend/rise/be lifted up", "*yāḥad*": "together/altogether/united/as one" } }
  • Job 5:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.5.13", "source": "לֹכֵ֣ד חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעָרְמָ֑ם וַעֲצַ֖ת נִפְתָּלִ֣ים נִמְהָֽרָה׃", "text": "*lōkēd* *ḥăkāmîm* in-*ʿārəmām* *wa*-*ʿăṣat* *niftālîm* *nimhārāh*", "grammar": { "*lōkēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - catching/seizing", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*ʿārəmām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their craftiness", "*wa*": "conjunction with consecutive verb - and", "*ʿăṣat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*niftālîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - twisted ones/crafty ones", "*nimhārāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is hurried/precipitated" }, "variants": { "*lōkēd*": "catcher/seizer/entrapper", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/wise men/sages", "*ʿārəmām*": "their craftiness/cunning", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel of/advice of", "*niftālîm*": "twisted ones/crooked ones/perverse ones", "*nimhārāh*": "is hurried/precipitated/carried headlong" } }
  • Job 6:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.6.5", "source": "הֲיִֽנְהַק־פֶּ֥רֶא עֲלֵי־דֶ֑שֶׁא אִ֥ם יִגְעֶה־שּׁ֝֗וֹר עַל־בְּלִילֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hă-yinhaq-pereʾ ʿălê-dešeʾ ʾim yigʿeh-šôr ʿal-bəlîlô*", "grammar": { "*hă-yinhaq*": "interrogative prefix + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does he bray", "*pereʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - wild donkey/onager", "*ʿălê-dešeʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - over grass/vegetation", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/or", "*yigʿeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does he low/bellow", "*šôr*": "noun, masculine singular - ox/bull", "*ʿal-bəlîlô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - over his fodder" }, "variants": { "*nāhaq*": "to bray (as a donkey)", "*pereʾ*": "wild ass/onager", "*dešeʾ*": "grass/tender herb/vegetation", "*gāʿâ*": "to low/bellow (as cattle)", "*bəlîl*": "fodder/mixed feed" } }
  • Job 12:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Job.12.2", "source": "אָ֭מְנָם כִּ֣י אַתֶּם־עָ֑ם וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗ם תָּמ֥וּת חָכְמָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾāmnām* *kî* you-*ʿām* *wə-ʿimmākem* *tāmût* *ḥākmâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmnām*": "adverb - truly/indeed/certainly", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*atem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wə-ʿimmākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - and with you", "*tāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will die", "*ḥākmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmnām*": "truly/verily/indeed", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*tāmût*": "will die/perish", "*ḥākmâ*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge" } } 3 { "verseID": "Job.12.3", "source": "גַּם־לִ֤י לֵבָ֨ב ׀ כְּֽמוֹכֶ֗ם לֹא־נֹפֵ֣ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּ֑ם וְאֶת מִי־אֵ֥ין כְּמוֹ־אֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*gam-lî* *lēbāb* *kəmôkem* *lōʾ-nōpēl* *ʾānōkî* *mikkem* *wə-ʾet* *mî-ʾên* *kəmô-ʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*gam-lî*": "conjunction + preposition with 1st singular suffix - also to me", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind/understanding", "*kəmôkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - like you", "*lōʾ-nōpēl*": "negative particle + qal participle, masculine singular - not falling", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*mikkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from you", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*mî-ʾên*": "interrogative pronoun + particle of negation - who is not", "*kəmô-ʾēlleh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun - like these" }, "variants": { "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/understanding/inner self", "*nōpēl*": "falling/inferior", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself (emphatic form)", "*ʾēlleh*": "these things/matters" } }
  • Job 15:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Job.15.14", "source": "מָה־אֱנוֹשׁ כִּי־יִזְכֶּה וְכִי־יִצְדַּק יְלוּד אִשָּׁה", "text": "*māh-ʾĕnôš* *kî-yizkkeh* *wə-ḵî-yiṣdaq* *yəlûd* *ʾiššāh*", "grammar": { "*māh-ʾĕnôš*": "interrogative pronoun + noun, masculine singular - what is man", "*kî-yizkkeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - that he should be pure", "*wə-ḵî-yiṣdaq*": "conjunction + conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and that he should be righteous", "*yəlûd*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular construct - one born of", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕnôš*": "man, mankind, humanity", "*zāḵāh*": "to be pure, clean, innocent", "*ṣādaq*": "to be right, righteous, just", "*yālad*": "to bear, beget, bring forth", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman, wife, female" } }
  • Job 28:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Job.28.28", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר ׀ לָֽאָדָ֗ם הֵ֤ן יִרְאַ֣ת אֲ֭דֹנָי הִ֣יא חָכְמָ֑ה וְס֖וּר מֵרָ֣ע בִּינָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* to-the-*ʾāḏām* behold *yirʾaṯ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *hîʾ* *ḥåḵmāh* and-*sûr* from-*rāʿ* *bînāh*", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - man/mankind", "*yirʾaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - fear of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine, plural + 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular - she/it", "*ḥåḵmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - wisdom", "*sûr*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - to turn aside", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - evil", "*bînāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - understanding" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "says/said/declared", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*yirʾaṯ*": "fear of/reverence for/awe of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "the Lord/Adonai/my Lord", "*sûr*": "turning away from/departing from/avoiding", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm" } }