Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Joshua.11.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס", "text": "For from-*ʾēṯ* *YHWH* *hāyəṯâ* to-*ḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*libbām* to-*qirʾaṯ* the-*milḥāmâ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*maʿan* the-*haḥărîmām* to-*ḇiltî* *hĕyôṯ*-to-them *təḥinnâ* for for-*maʿan* the-*hašmîḏām* as-*ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition מן + preposition את - from", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*hāyəṯâ*": "qal perfect 3fs - it was", "*ləḥazzēq*": "preposition ל + piel infinitive construct - to strengthen/harden", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their heart", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "preposition ל + qal infinitive construct - to meet/encounter", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the battle/war", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*haḥărîmām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them utterly", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition ל + preposition - in order not", "*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being/having", "*lāhem*": "preposition ל + 3mp suffix - to them/for them", "*təḥinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - favor/mercy", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*hašmîḏām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition כ + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses" }, "variants": { "*hāyəṯâ*": "it was/it came", "*ləḥazzēq*": "to strengthen/to harden/to make stubborn", "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind/their will", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "to meet/to encounter/to engage in", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/so that/in order that", "*haḥărîmām*": "destroying them utterly/devoting them to destruction", "*ləḇiltî*": "in order not/so as not to", "*hĕyôṯ*": "being/having/existing", "*təḥinnâ*": "favor/mercy/grace/supplication", "*hašmîḏām*": "destroying them/annihilating them", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  For det var Herrens vilje å forherde deres hjerter slik at de kunne møte Israel i krig, så de skulle bli viet til fullstendig utslettelse, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  For det var fra Herren å gjøre deres hjerter harde, så de skulle komme imot Israel i kamp, for at han kunne ødelegge dem fullstendig, så de ikke skulle finne nåde, men at han kunne utrydde dem, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Norsk King James

  For det var fra Herren å hardne deres hjerter, så de kom mot Israel i strid, for at han kunne fullstendig ødelegge dem, og at de ikke skulle ha noen nåde, men bli ødelagt, som Herren befalte Moses.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  For det var Herrens vilje at de gjorde hjertene harde for å møte Israel i krig, så han kunne utslette dem fullstendig uten å vise nåde, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  For det var Herrens plan å gjøre deres hjerter stive til å møte Israel i krig, slik at de kunne bli fullstendig utryddet uten å finne noen nåde, slik som Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  For det var fra Herren at deres hjerter ble forherdet, så de skulle kjempe mot Israel, for at han skulle kunne ødelegge dem fullstendig, uten nåde, men at de skulle bli tilintetgjort, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  For det var Herren som herdet deres hjerter, slik at de gikk til kamp mot Israel, for at han skulle utrydde dem fullstendig og ikke vise dem noen nåde, men ødelegge dem, slik Herren hadde befalt Mose.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  For det var fra Herren at deres hjerter ble forherdet, så de skulle kjempe mot Israel, for at han skulle kunne ødelegge dem fullstendig, uten nåde, men at de skulle bli tilintetgjort, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Det var fra Herren at deres hjerter ble forherdet til å føre krig mot Israel, for at de skulle bli viet til undergang uten nåde, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For it was the LORD's purpose to harden their hearts to engage in battle with Israel, so that they would be utterly destroyed, receiving no mercy, as the LORD had commanded Moses.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  For fra Herren kom det at deres hjerter ble hardnet til å møte krig mot Israel, for å ødelegge dem helt uten nåde, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Thi det skede af Herren, at de forhærdede deres Hjerte, at møde Israel med Krig, at han skulde ødelægge dem, at dem skulde ikke bevises Naade, men at han skulde fordærve dem, som Herren bød Mose.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might have no favour, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  For Herren lot deres hjerter bli harde, slik at de skulle gå mot Israel i kamp, for at han skulle ødelegge dem fullstendig uten nåde, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might find no favor, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might have no favour, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  For Herren hadde bestemt å gjøre deres hjerter harde, slik at de skulle stride mot Israel, for at de skulle bli fullstendig ødelagt, uten nåde, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  For det var fra Herren å forherde deres hjerter til å møte Israel i krig, for å vie dem til utslettelse, så ingen nåde skulle bli vist, men at de skulle utryddes, slik Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  For det var av Herren å gjøre deres hjerter harde, så de kom ut i kamp mot Israel for å ødelegge dem fullstendig, så de ikke skulle få noen nåde, men bli ødelagt, slik som Herren hadde befalt Moses.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  For Herren gjorde deres hjerter sterke til å gå til krig mot Israel, slik at han kunne overgi dem til bannet uten nåde, og ødelegge dem, slik Herren hadde gitt befalinger til Moses.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And this was done so of the LORDE that their hert was so hardened, to come against the children of Israel with battayll, yt they mighte be daned, & no fauoure to be shewed vnto them, but to be destroyed, as the LORDE commaunded Moses.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For it came of the Lorde, to harden their heartes that they shoulde come against Israel in battell to the intent that they shoulde destroye them vtterly, and shewe them no mercie, but that they shoulde bring them to nought: as the Lorde had commaunded Moses.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For it came of the Lorde, whiche dyd harden their heartes that they should come against Israel in battell, and that they shoulde destroy them vtterly, and shew them no mercy: but to bring them to naught, as the Lorde commaunded Moyses.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, [and] that they might have no favour, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For it was of Yahweh to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that he might utterly destroy them, that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for from Jehovah it hath been to strengthen their heart, to meet in battle with Israel, in order to devote them, so that they have no grace, but in order to destroy them, as Jehovah commanded Moses.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For it was of Jehovah to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that he might utterly destroy them, that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as Jehovah commanded Moses.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For the Lord made them strong in heart to go to war against Israel, so that he might give them up to the curse without mercy, and that destruction might come on them, as the Lord had given orders to Moses.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For it was of Yahweh to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that he might utterly destroy them, that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  for the LORD determined to make them obstinate so they would attack Israel. He wanted Israel to annihilate them without mercy, as he had instructed Moses.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 4:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.4.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* in-*lektĕkā* to-*šûb* *Miṣrayĕmâh* *rĕʾēh* all-the-*môpĕtîm* which-*śamtî* in-*yādekā* and-*ʿăśîtām* to-*pĕnê* *Parʿōh* and-*ʾănî* *ʾăḥazzēq* *ʾet*-*libbô* and-not *yĕšallaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conversive - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*lektĕkā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going", "*šûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return", "*Miṣrayĕmâh*": "proper noun with directional hey - to Egypt", "*rĕʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*môpĕtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/signs", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have placed", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿăśîtām*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw conversive - you shall do them", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾăḥazzēq*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will strengthen", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will send away", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*môpĕtîm*": "wonders/signs/miracles", "*ʾăḥazzēq ʾet-libbô*": "strengthen his heart/harden his heart/make him stubborn", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release" } }
• Rom 9:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Romans.9.18", "source": "Ἄρα οὖν ὃν θέλει ἐλεεῖ· ὃν δὲ θέλει σκληρύνει.", "text": "*Ara oun* whom he *thelei eleei*; whom *de* he *thelei sklērynei*.", "grammar": { "*Ara*": "inferential particle - then/therefore", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore/so", "*thelei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he wills/desires", "*eleei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he shows mercy", "*de*": "particle - but/and", "*sklērynei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he hardens" }, "variants": { "*Ara oun*": "so then/therefore/consequently", "*thelei*": "he wills/desires/wishes", "*eleei*": "he shows mercy/has compassion on", "*sklērynei*": "he hardens/makes stubborn/makes obstinate" } }
• Deut 20:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.16", "source": "רַ֗ק מֵעָרֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּ֖ה כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃", "text": "Only from-*ʿārê* the-*ʿammîm* these, which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* *nōtēn* to-you *naḥălāh*, not *tĕḥayyeh* any-*nĕšāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only/surely", "*mē-ʿārê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from cities of", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*lĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tĕḥayyeh*": "piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall let live", "*kol-nĕšāmāh*": "construct + feminine singular noun - any breathing thing" }, "variants": { "*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/providing", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/possession/property", "*tĕḥayyeh*": "let live/preserve alive/spare", "*nĕšāmāh*": "breathing thing/living being/soul" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.17", "source": "כִּֽי־הַחֲרֵ֣ם תַּחֲרִימֵ֗ם הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "For *ḥaḥărēm* *taḥărîmēm* the *haḥittî* *wə-hāʾĕmōrî* the *hakəna'ănî* *wə-hapərizzî* the *haḥiwwî* *wə-hayəḇûsî* as *kăʾăšer* commanded you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā*.", "grammar": { "כִּֽי": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥaḥărēm*": "infinitive absolute - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*taḥărîmēm*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you shall utterly destroy them", "*haḥittî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hittite", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*hakəna'ănî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Canaanite", "*hapərizzî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Perizzite", "*haḥiwwî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hivite", "*hayəḇûsî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jebusite", "*kăʾăšer*": "conjunction - as/according to", "צִוְּךָ֖": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ḥaḥărēm*": "utterly destroy/devote to destruction/place under ban", "*taḥărîmēm*": "you shall utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*YHWH*": "the proper name of Israel's God/often translated as LORD" } }
• Deut 7:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.16", "source": "וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ לֹא־תָחֹ֥ס עֵֽינְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תַעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־מוֹקֵ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And you shall *wəʾākaltā* all the *ʿammîm* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to you; your *ʿênəkā* shall not *tāḥōs* on them, and you shall not *taʿăvōd* their *ʾĕlōhêhem*, for a *môqēš* it is to you.", "grammar": { "*wəʾākaltā*": "Qal perfect consecutive 2nd masculine singular - and you shall consume/devour", "*ʿammîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*ʿênəkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eye", "*tāḥōs*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will pity/spare", "*taʿăvōd*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will serve/worship", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*môqēš*": "noun masculine singular - snare/trap" }, "variants": { "*wəʾākaltā*": "consume/devour/destroy", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/folk", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/delivering", "*ʿênəkā*": "your eye/your sight", "*tāḥōs*": "pity/spare/have compassion on", "*taʿăvōd*": "serve/worship/work for", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their gods/their deities", "*môqēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block" } }
• Rom 9:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "Romans.9.22", "source": "Εἰ δὲ θέλων ὁ Θεὸς, ἐνδείξασθαι τὴν ὀργήν, καὶ γνωρίσαι τὸ δυνατὸν αὐτοῦ, ἤνεγκεν ἐν πολλῇ μακροθυμίᾳ σκεύη ὀργῆς κατηρτισμένα εἰς ἀπώλειαν:", "text": "But if *thelōn* the *Theos*, to *endeixasthai* the *orgēn*, and to *gnōrisai* the *dynaton* of him, *ēnenken* in much *makrothymia skeuē orgēs katērtismena* for *apōleian*:", "grammar": { "*thelōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - willing/desiring", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*endeixasthai*": "aorist, infinitive, middle - to show/demonstrate", "*orgēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*gnōrisai*": "aorist, infinitive, active - to make known", "*dynaton*": "accusative, neuter, singular - power/might", "*ēnenken*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - endured/bore", "*makrothymia*": "dative, feminine, singular - patience/longsuffering", "*skeuē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - vessels", "*orgēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath", "*katērtismena*": "perfect, participle, passive, accusative, neuter, plural - having been prepared", "*apōleian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - destruction" }, "variants": { "*thelōn*": "willing/desiring/wanting", "*endeixasthai*": "to show/demonstrate/display", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*gnōrisai*": "to make known/reveal/declare", "*dynaton*": "power/might/strength", "*ēnenken*": "endured/bore/carried", "*makrothymia*": "patience/longsuffering/forbearance", "*skeuē orgēs*": "vessels of wrath/objects of wrath", "*katērtismena*": "having been prepared/fitted/made ready", "*apōleian*": "destruction/ruin/perdition" } } 23 { "verseID": "Romans.9.23", "source": "Καὶ ἵνα γνωρίσῃ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ σκεύη ἐλέους, ἃ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν,", "text": "And in order that he might *gnōrisē* the *plouton* of the *doxēs* of him upon *skeuē eleous*, which he *proētoimasen* for *doxan*,", "grammar": { "*gnōrisē*": "aorist, subjunctive, active, 3rd person singular - might make known", "*plouton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - riches/wealth", "*doxēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of glory", "*skeuē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - vessels", "*eleous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of mercy", "*proētoimasen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - prepared beforehand", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory" }, "variants": { "*gnōrisē*": "might make known/reveal/declare", "*plouton*": "riches/wealth/abundance", "*doxēs*": "glory/splendor/honor", "*skeuē eleous*": "vessels of mercy/objects of mercy", "*proētoimasen*": "prepared beforehand/prepared in advance", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } }
• Exod 9:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.16", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם בַּעֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔יךָ בַּעֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑י וּלְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖י בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "But *wəʾûlām* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* this *heʿĕmadtîkā* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* *harʾōtəkā* *ʾet*-my *kōḥî* and so that *ûləmaʿan* *sappēr* my *šəmî* in all-the *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wəʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - I have caused you to stand", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*harʾōtəkā*": "infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - to show you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kōḥî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my power", "*ûləmaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - and so that/in order that", "*sappēr*": "infinitive construct, Piel form - to declare/tell", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*wəʾûlām*": "but/however/nevertheless", "*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "I have caused you to stand/raised you up/maintained you", "*harʾōtəkā*": "to show you/to cause you to see", "*kōḥî*": "power/strength/might", "*sappēr*": "declare/recount/proclaim" } }
• Exod 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.17", "source": "וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *hinənî* *məḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Miṣrayim* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st common singular - and I", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold, I", "*məḥazzēq*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - strengthening/hardening", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will be honored", "*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh", "*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all", "*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army", "*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots", "*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold, I/here I am", "*məḥazzēq*": "strengthening/hardening/making strong", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory", "*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host" } }
• Deut 2:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.30", "source": "וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֗ה סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ לְמַ֛עַן תִּתּ֥וֹ בְיָדְךָ֖ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ* *ʾāḇāh* *sîḥōn* *meleḵ* *ḥešbôn* *haʿăḇîrênû* in-him *kî*-*hiqšâ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *ʾet*-*rûḥô* *wə-ʾimmêṣ* *ʾet*-*ləḇāḇô* *ləmaʿan* *tittô* in-*yādəḵā* *kayyôm* *hazzeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾāḇāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing", "*sîḥōn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person plural suffix - to let us pass through", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiqšâ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*rûḥô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spirit", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he strengthened/made obstinate", "*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*tittô*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - giving him", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "to let us pass through/to allow us to cross/to permit our passage", "*hiqšâ*": "hardened/made stubborn/made unyielding", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "and he strengthened/made obstinate/made firm", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart/his mind/his will", "*ləmaʿan*": "in order that/so that/for the purpose of", "*tittô*": "giving him/delivering him/placing him", "*kayyôm* *hazzeh*": "as at this day/as it is today/as at present" } }
• Josh 11:12-15 : 12 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.12", "source": "וְֽאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַמְּלָכֽ͏ִים־הָ֠אֵלֶּה וְֽאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֞ם לָכַ֧ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב הֶחֱרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-all-*ʿārê* the-*məlāḵîm*-the-*ʾēlleh* and-*ʾeṯ*-all-*malḵêhem* *lāḵaḏ* *yəhôšuaʿ* and-*wayyakkēm* by-*p̄î*-*ḥereḇ* *heḥĕrîm* them as-*ṣiwwâ* *mōšeh* *ʿeḇeḏ* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction ו + direct object marker - and", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*hamməlāḵîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the kings", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these", "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction ו + direct object marker - and", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*malḵêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - their kings", "*lāḵaḏ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he captured", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*wayyakkēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he struck them", "*ləp̄î*": "preposition ל + noun, construct - by mouth of/edge of", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*heḥĕrîm*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he utterly destroyed", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3mp suffix - them", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition כ + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*ʿeḇeḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of", "*məlāḵîm*": "kings/rulers", "*hāʾēlleh*": "these/those", "*malḵêhem*": "their kings/their rulers", "*lāḵaḏ*": "he captured/he took/he seized", "*wayyakkēm*": "and he struck them/and he defeated them", "*ləp̄î*": "by mouth of/by edge of/according to", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/blade", "*heḥĕrîm*": "he utterly destroyed/he devoted to destruction/he banned", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed", "*ʿeḇeḏ*": "servant/slave/subject" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.13", "source": "רַ֣ק כָּל־הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם לֹ֥א שְׂרָפָ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל זוּלָתִ֛י אֶת־חָצ֥וֹר לְבַדָּ֖הּ שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃", "text": "Only all-the-*ʿārîm* the-*ʿōməḏôṯ* on-*tillām* not *śərāp̄ām* *yiśrāʾēl* *zûlāṯî* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥāṣôr* to-*ḇaddāh* *śārap̄* *yəhôšuaʿ*", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only/except", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*heʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the cities", "*hāʿōməḏôṯ*": "definite article + qal participle feminine plural - the standing ones", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*tillām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their mound/hill", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śərāp̄ām*": "qal perfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - he burned them", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*zûlāṯî*": "preposition - except/besides", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥāṣôr*": "proper name - Hazor", "*ləḇaddāh*": "preposition ל + noun + 3fs suffix - by itself", "*śārap̄*": "qal perfect 3ms - he burned", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua" }, "variants": { "*raq*": "only/just/except", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*hāʿōməḏôṯ*": "the standing ones/those remaining/those situated", "*tillām*": "their mound/their hill/their tell", "*śərāp̄ām*": "he burned them/he consumed them with fire", "*zûlāṯî*": "except/besides/apart from", "*ləḇaddāh*": "by itself/alone" } } 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.14", "source": "וְ֠כֹל שְׁלַ֞ל הֶעָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֣ק אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃", "text": "And-all *šəlal* the-*ʿārîm* the-*ʾēlleh* and-the-*bəhēmâ* *bāzəzû* to-themselves *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* only *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*ʾāḏām* *hikkû* by-*p̄î*-*ḥereḇ* until-*hišmiḏām* them not *hišʾîrû* all-*nəšāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction ו + noun, construct - and all of", "*šəlal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - plunder of", "*heʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the cities", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these", "*wəhabbəhēmâ*": "conjunction ו + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the cattle/livestock", "*bāzəzû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they plundered", "*lāhem*": "preposition ל + 3mp suffix - for themselves", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*raq*": "adverb - only/except", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*hāʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the mankind/people", "*hikkû*": "hiphil perfect 3cp - they struck", "*ləp̄î*": "preposition ל + noun, construct - by mouth of/edge of", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*hišmiḏām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their destroying", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3mp suffix - them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hišʾîrû*": "hiphil perfect 3cp - they left", "*kol*": "noun, construct - any", "*nəšāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - breath/living being" }, "variants": { "*šəlal*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*hāʾēlleh*": "these/those", "*bəhēmâ*": "cattle/livestock/animals", "*bāzəzû*": "they plundered/they took as spoil", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*raq*": "only/just/except", "*ʾāḏām*": "mankind/people/humanity", "*hikkû*": "they struck/they killed/they slew", "*ləp̄î*": "by mouth of/by edge of/according to", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/blade", "*hišmiḏām*": "their destroying/their exterminating", "*hišʾîrû*": "they left/they spared/they allowed to remain", "*nəšāmâ*": "breath/living being/life" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.15", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ כֵּן־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֵן֙ עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "text": "As-*ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*mōšeh* *ʿaḇdô* so-*ṣiwwâ* *mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yəhôšuaʿ* and-so *ʿāśâ* *yəhôšuaʿ* not-*hēsîr* *dāḇār* from-all which-*ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition כ + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his servant", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*wəḵēn*": "conjunction ו + adverb - and so/thus", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hēsîr*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he removed/turned aside", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/word/matter", "*mikkōl*": "preposition מן + noun, construct - from all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses" }, "variants": { "*kaʾăšer*": "as/just as/according to what", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*kēn*": "so/thus/likewise", "*ʿāśâ*": "he did/he performed/he carried out", "*hēsîr*": "he removed/he turned aside/he took away", "*dāḇār*": "thing/word/matter" } }
• Judg 14:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Judges.14.4", "source": "וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô lōʾ yādəʿû kî mê-YHWH hîʾ kî-tōʾănâ hûʾ-məbaqqēš mi-pəlištîm ū-bā-ʿēt ha-hîʾ pəlištîm mōšəlîm bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādəʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*mê-YHWH*": "preposition min + proper noun - from YHWH", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun 3rd feminine singular - it [was]", "*kî-tōʾănâ*": "conjunction kî + noun feminine singular - for an occasion", "*hûʾ-məbaqqēš*": "pronoun 3rd masculine singular + Piel participle masculine singular - he [was] seeking", "*mi-pəlištîm*": "preposition min + proper noun masculine plural - from Philistines", "*ū-bā-ʿēt*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - and at the time", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3rd feminine singular - that", "*mōšəlîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - ruling", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "they knew/understood", "*tōʾănâ*": "occasion/opportunity/pretext", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/looking for", "*mōšəlîm*": "ruling/governing/dominating" } }
• 1 Sam 2:25 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.25", "source": "אִם־יֶחֱטָ֨א אִ֤ישׁ לְאִישׁ֙ וּפִֽלְל֣וֹ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִ֤ם לַֽיהוָה֙ יֽ͏ֶחֱטָא־אִ֔ישׁ מִ֖י יִתְפַּלֶּל־ל֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁמְעוּ֙ לְק֣וֹל אֲבִיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־חָפֵ֥ץ יְהוָ֖ה לַהֲמִיתָֽם׃", "text": "If-*yeheta* *ish* to-*ish* and-*filelo* *Elohim* and-if to-*YHWH* *yeheta*-*ish* who *yitpalel*-for-him and-not *yishmeu* to-*qol* *avihem* for-*hafetz* *YHWH* to-*hamitam*.", "grammar": { "*yeheta*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sins", "*ish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*filelo*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - judges him", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God/judges", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*yitpalel*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will pray/intercede", "*yishmeu*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they would listen", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*avihem*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their father", "*hafetz*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he desired/was pleased", "*hamitam*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to put them to death" }, "variants": { "*filelo*": "judges him/mediates for him/arbitrates for him", "*Elohim*": "God/judges", "*yitpalel*": "will pray for/will intercede for/will mediate for", "*qol*": "voice/words/instruction", "*hafetz*": "desired/was pleased/willed" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:15 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.15", "source": "וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה סִבָּה֙ מֵעִ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְמַ֜עַן הָקִ֣ים אֶת־דְּבָר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד֙ אֲחִיָּ֣ה הַשִּׁילֹנִ֔י אֶל־יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־נְבָֽט׃", "text": "And not *šāmaʿ* the *melek* to the *ʿām*; for *hāyĕtāh* *sibbâ* from with *YHWH*, to the purpose of *hāqîm* *ʾet*-*dĕbārô* which *dibbēr* *YHWH* by *yad* *ʾǎḥiyyâ* the *šîlōnî* to *yārābĕʿām* *ben*-*nĕbāṭ*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - heard/listened", "*melek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - people", "*hāyĕtāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/happened", "*sibbâ*": "feminine singular noun - turn/cause/occasion", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*hāqîm*": "hiphil infinitive construct - establish/confirm", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dĕbārô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his word", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spoke", "*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand/by means of", "*ʾǎḥiyyâ*": "proper name - Ahijah", "*šîlōnî*": "gentilic adjective - Shilonite", "*yārābĕʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*nĕbāṭ*": "proper name - Nebat" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed/heeded", "*sibbâ*": "turn/cause/occasion/circumstance", "*hāqîm*": "establish/confirm/fulfill/raise up", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/promised" } }
• 1 Kgs 22:20-23 : 20 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה מִ֤י יְפַתֶּה֙ אֶת־אַחְאָ֔ב וְיַ֕עַל וְיִפֹּ֖ל בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר זֶה֙ בְּכֹ֔ה וְזֶ֥ה אֹמֵ֖ר בְּכֹֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer YHWH*, who *yəp̄atteh ʾet-ʾAḥʾāb̄* and-*yaʿal* and-*yippōl* in-*Rāmōt Gilʿād*? *wə-yōʾmer* this-one in-thus, and-this-one *ʾōmēr* in-thus.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yəp̄atteh*": "piel imperfect 3ms - will entice/persuade", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾAḥʾāb̄*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*yaʿal*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will go up", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will fall", "*Rāmōt Gilʿād*": "proper noun - Ramoth Gilead", "*ʾōmēr*": "qal participle ms - saying" }, "variants": { "*yəp̄atteh*": "entice/persuade/deceive/seduce", "*yaʿal*": "go up/ascend/climb", "*yippōl*": "fall/drop/be killed/die", "*ʾōmēr*": "saying/speaking/telling" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.21", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֣א הָר֗וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲנִ֣י אֲפַתֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו בַּמָּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yēṣēʾ hā-rûaḥ wə-yaʿămōd* before-*YHWH wə-yōʾmer*, *ʾănî ʾăp̄attennû*. *wə-yōʾmer YHWH* to-him, in-what?", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came out", "*hā-rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the spirit", "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he stood", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾăp̄attennû*": "piel imperfect 1cs with 3ms suffix - I will entice/persuade him", "*bammāh*": "preposition + interrogative pronoun - by what/how" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "come out/go forth/depart/exit", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/take a stand/appear/present oneself", "*ʾăp̄attennû*": "I will entice/persuade/deceive/seduce him" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֙יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer*, *ʾēṣēʾ wə-hāyîtî rûaḥ šeqer* in-*pî* all-*nəb̄îʾāyw*. *wə-yōʾmer*, *təp̄atteh wə-g̱am-tûk̄āl*; *ṣēʾ wa-ʿăśēh-k̄ēn*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect 1cs - I will go out", "*wə-hāyîtî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 1cs - and I will be", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*šeqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*nəb̄îʾāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix - his prophets", "*təp̄atteh*": "piel imperfect 2ms - you will entice", "*wə-g̱am*": "waw conjunctive + particle - and also", "*tûk̄āl*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you will prevail", "*ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative ms - go out", "*wa-ʿăśēh*": "waw conjunctive + qal imperative ms - and do", "*k̄ēn*": "adverb - thus/so" }, "variants": { "*ʾēṣēʾ*": "I will go out/proceed/exit", "*hāyîtî*": "I will be/become/exist as", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception/pretense", "*pî*": "mouth/opening/speech", "*nəb̄îʾāyw*": "his prophets/seers/spokesmen", "*təp̄atteh*": "you will entice/persuade/deceive", "*tûk̄āl*": "you will prevail/be able/succeed", "*ṣēʾ*": "go out/exit/proceed", "*ʿăśēh*": "do/make/accomplish/perform" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.23", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-now, behold *nātan YHWH rûaḥ šeqer* in-*pî* all-*nəb̄îʾekā* these, and-*YHWH dibber* concerning-you *rāʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3ms - he has given/put", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*šeqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*nəb̄îʾekā*": "masculine plural noun with 2ms suffix - your prophets", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has spoken", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "given/put/placed/set/appointed", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception/pretense", "*pî*": "mouth/opening/speech", "*nəb̄îʾekā*": "your prophets/seers/spokesmen", "*dibber*": "spoken/declared/commanded", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/calamity/misfortune/disaster" } }
• 2 Chr 25:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.25.16", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בְּדַבְּר֣וֹ אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַלְיוֹעֵ֤ץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ נְתַנּ֔וּךָ חֲדַל־לְךָ֖ לָ֣מָּה יַכּ֑וּךָ וַיֶּחְדַּ֣ל הַנָּבִ֗יא וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יָעַ֤ץ אֱלֹהִים֙ לְהַשְׁחִיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ לַעֲצָתִֽי׃ פ", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* in-*bədabbərô* to-him, and *wa-yōʾmer* to-him, *ha-ləyôʿēṣ* to-the-*lammelek* *nətannûḵā*? *ḥădal*-to-you, *lāmmâ* *yakkûḵā*? And *wa-yeḥdal* the-*hannābîʾ*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, *yādaʿtî* that-*kî-yāʿaṣ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*ləhašḥîteḵā*, because-*kî-ʿāśîtā* *zōʾt*, and-*wəlōʾ* *šāmaʿtā* to-*laʿăṣātî*. *p*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*bədabbərô*": "preposition bet with piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his speaking", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ha-ləyôʿēṣ*": "interrogative he with preposition lamed and qal participle, masculine singular - have (you been made) as a counselor", "*lammelek*": "preposition lamed with definite article and noun, masculine singular - to the king", "*nətannûḵā*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - we gave/appointed you", "*ḥădal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - stop/cease/desist", "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative - why", "*yakkûḵā*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they will strike you", "*wa-yeḥdal*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stopped", "*hannābîʾ*": "definite article with noun, masculine singular - the prophet", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I know", "*kî-yāʿaṣ*": "conjunction with qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - that he has counseled/decided", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ləhašḥîteḵā*": "preposition lamed with hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to destroy you", "*kî-ʿāśîtā*": "conjunction with qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - because you have done", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*šāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have listened", "*laʿăṣātî*": "preposition lamed with noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - to my counsel", "*p*": "paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*ḥădal*": "cease/stop/refrain", "*yakkûḵā*": "strike/smite/kill you", "*yāʿaṣ*": "counseled/decided/determined", "*ləhašḥîteḵā*": "to destroy/ruin/corrupt you" } }
• Isa 6:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֵ֥ךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמ֙וֹעַ֙ וְאַל־תָּבִ֔ינוּ וּרְא֥וּ רָא֖וֹ וְאַל־תֵּדָֽעוּ׃", "text": "*Wayyōʾmer* go *wəʾāmartā* to the *ʿām* the this *shimʿû* *shāmôaʿ* *wəʾal-tābînû* *ûrəʾû* *rāʾô* *wəʾal-tēdāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*lēk*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*wəʾāmartā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this", "*shimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*shāmôaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - hearing", "*wəʾal-tābînû*": "waw conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - but do not understand", "*ûrəʾû*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*rāʾô*": "qal infinitive absolute - seeing", "*wəʾal-tēdāʿû*": "waw conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - but do not perceive" }, "variants": { "*hālak*": "go/walk/proceed", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*shāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bîn*": "understand/discern/consider", "*rāʾāh*": "see/observe/perceive", "*yādaʿ*": "know/perceive/discern" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.10", "source": "הַשְׁמֵן֙ לֵב־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאָזְנָ֥יו הַכְבֵּ֖ד וְעֵינָ֣יו הָשַׁ֑ע פֶּן־יִרְאֶ֨ה בְעֵינָ֜יו וּבְאָזְנָ֣יו יִשְׁמָ֗ע וּלְבָב֥וֹ יָבִ֛ין וָשָׁ֖ב וְרָ֥פָא לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hashmēn* *lēb*-the *ʿām* the this *wəʾoznāyw* *hakbēd* *wəʿênāyw* *hāshaʿ* lest-*yirʾeh* with *ʿênāyw* and with *ʾoznāyw* *yishmaʿ* and *ləbābô* *yābîn* *wāshāb* *wərāp̄āʾ* to him.", "grammar": { "*Hashmēn*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make fat", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this", "*wəʾoznāyw*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his ears", "*hakbēd*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make heavy", "*wəʿênāyw*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his eyes", "*hāshaʿ*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - shut/smear over", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sees", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*yishmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he hears", "*ləbābô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yābîn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he understands", "*wāshāb*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and returns/repents", "*wərāp̄āʾ*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and is healed", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to/for him" }, "variants": { "*shāmēn*": "make fat/dull/insensitive", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*kābēd*": "make heavy/dull/unresponsive", "*shāʿaʿ*": "shut/smear over/blind", "*rāʾāh*": "see/observe/perceive", "*shāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bîn*": "understand/discern/consider", "*shûb*": "return/repent/turn back", "*rāp̄āʾ*": "heal/restore/make healthful" } }