Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.19.13", "source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר", "text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăšōq* *ʾeṯ*-*rēʿăḵā* *wə-lōʾ* *ṯigzōl* *lōʾ*-*ṯālîn* *pəʿullaṯ* *śāḵîr* *ʾittəḵā* *ʿaḏ*-*bōqer*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaʿăšōq*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall oppress", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*rēʿăḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯigzōl*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall rob", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯālîn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it shall remain overnight", "*pəʿullaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wages of", "*śāḵîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired worker", "*ʾittəḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning" }, "variants": { "*ṯaʿăšōq*": "oppress/exploit/defraud", "*ṯigzōl*": "rob/steal/plunder/seize", "*ṯālîn*": "remain overnight/stay the night/be kept overnight", "*pəʿullaṯ*": "wages/payment/compensation" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Jas 5:4 : 4 { "verseID": "James.5.4", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν τῶν ἀμησάντων τὰς χώρας ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀπεστερημένος ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, κράζει: καὶ αἱ βοαὶ τῶν θερισάντων εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ εἰσεληλύθασιν.", "text": "*Idou*, the *misthos* of the *ergatōn tōn amēsantōn* the *chōras* of you, the *apesterēmenos aph'* you, *krazei*: and the *boai tōn therisantōn eis* the *ōta Kyriou Sabaōth eiselēlythasin*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*misthos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*ergatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*chōras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - fields/lands", "*apesterēmenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been withheld/defrauded", "*aph'*": "preposition + genitive - from/by", "*krazei*": "present active, 3rd singular - cries out/shouts", "*boai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - cries/shouts", "*therisantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to", "*ōta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - ears", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Sabaōth*": "genitive - of hosts/armies (untranslated Hebrew term)", "*eiselēlythasin*": "perfect active, 3rd plural - have entered/come into" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*misthos*": "wages/payment/reward", "*ergatōn*": "workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "having harvested/reaped/mowed", "*chōras*": "fields/lands/regions", "*apesterēmenos*": "having been withheld/defrauded/kept back by fraud", "*krazei*": "cries out/shouts/calls loudly", "*boai*": "cries/shouts/outcries", "*therisantōn*": "having harvested/reaped (can refer specifically to grain harvest)", "*Sabaōth*": "of hosts/armies (Hebrew military term)" } }
  • Mal 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Malachi.3.5", "source": "וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "*We-qaravti* *ʾalekhem* *la-mishpat* *we-hayiti* *ʿed* *memalier* *ba-mekhashephim* *u-va-menaʾafim* *u-va-nishbaʿim* *la-shaqer* *u-ve-ʿosheqe* *sekhar-sakhir* *ʾalmanah* *we-yatom* *u-matte-ger* *we-loʾ* *yereʾuni* *ʾamar* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot*.", "grammar": { "*We-qaravti*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will draw near", "*ʾalekhem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*la-mishpat*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for judgment", "*we-hayiti*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will be", "*ʿed*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*memalier*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - swift/quick/hastening", "*ba-mekhashephim*": "preposition + definite article + Piel participle, masculine plural - against the sorcerers", "*u-va-menaʾafim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + Piel participle, masculine plural - and against the adulterers", "*u-va-nishbaʿim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + Niphal participle, masculine plural - and against those who swear", "*la-shaqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - falsely/to the falsehood", "*u-ve-ʿosheqe*": "waw conjunction + preposition + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - and against those who oppress", "*sekhar-sakhir*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - wages of hired worker", "*ʾalmanah*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*we-yatom*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and orphan", "*u-matte-ger*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil participle, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - and those who turn aside/thrust away the foreigner", "*we-loʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yereʾuni*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they fear me", "*ʾamar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says/said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*qaravti*": "draw near/approach/come close", "*mishpat*": "judgment/justice/legal case", "*ʿed*": "witness/testimony", "*memalier*": "quick/swift/hastening/speedy", "*mekhashephim*": "sorcerers/practitioners of magic/witches", "*menaʾafim*": "adulterers/those committing adultery", "*nishbaʿim*": "those who swear/those taking oaths", "*shaqer*": "falsehood/deception/lie", "*ʿosheqe*": "oppressors/exploiters/defrauders", "*sekhar-sakhir*": "wages of hired laborer/payment of worker", "*matte-ger*": "those who turn aside the foreigner/those who pervert the rights of the alien", "*yereʾuni*": "fear me/reverence me/stand in awe of me" } }
  • Deut 24:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.14", "source": "לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Not *taʿăšōq* *śākîr* *ʿānî* and *ʾebyôn* from your brothers or from your *gērkā* who in your land in your gates.", "grammar": { "*taʿăšōq*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you oppress", "*śākîr*": "masculine singular noun - hired worker", "*ʿānî*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*ʾebyôn*": "adjective masculine singular - needy/destitute", "*gērkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sojourner/foreigner" }, "variants": { "*taʿăšōq*": "oppress/exploit/withhold wages from", "*śākîr*": "hired worker/employee/laborer", "*gērkā*": "your foreigner/your resident alien/your stranger" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.15", "source": "בְּיוֹמוֹ֩ תִתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָר֜וֹ וְֽלֹא־תָב֧וֹא עָלָ֣יו הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י עָנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵלָ֕יו ה֥וּא נֹשֵׂ֖א אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃", "text": "In his day *tittēn* his *śəkārô* and not *tābôʾ* upon him *haššemeš*, for *ʿānî* *hûʾ* and to it *hûʾ* *nōśēʾ* *ʾet*-his *napšô*; and not *yiqrāʾ* against you to *YHWH* and *hāyâ* in you *ḥēṭə*.", "grammar": { "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*śəkārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wages", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it sets", "*haššemeš*": "definite feminine singular noun - the sun", "*ʿānî*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*nōśēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - lifting/setting", "*napšô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he calls/cries out", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*ḥēṭə*": "masculine singular noun - sin" }, "variants": { "*nōśēʾ* *ʾet*-his *napšô*": "sets his heart upon it/lifts his soul to it/depends on it for his life", "*yiqrāʾ* against you to *YHWH*": "cry out against you to YHWH/call to YHWH about you" } }
  • Job 31:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Job.31.39", "source": "אִם־כֹּ֭חָהּ אָכַ֣לְתִּי בְלִי־כָ֑סֶף וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי׃", "text": "If-*kōḥāh ʾākaltî* without-*kāsep* and-*nepeš bəʿālêhā hippāḥtî*", "grammar": { "*kōḥāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its strength", "*ʾākaltî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I ate/consumed", "*kāsep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*bəʿālêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its owners", "*hippāḥtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I caused to breathe out" }, "variants": { "*kōḥāh*": "its strength/its produce/its yield", "*ʾākaltî*": "I ate/I consumed/I used", "*kāsep*": "silver/money/payment", "*nepeš bəʿālêhā*": "life of its owners/soul of its masters", "*hippāḥtî*": "I caused to breathe out/I extinguished/I caused to expire" } }
  • Prov 20:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.20.10", "source": "אֶ֣בֶן וָ֭אֶבֶן אֵיפָ֣ה וְאֵיפָ֑ה תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾeben* and-*ʾeben* *ʾêpâ* and-*ʾêpâ* *tôʿabat* *YHWH* also-both-of-them", "grammar": { "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone/weight", "*ʾêpâ*": "noun, feminine singular - ephah/measure", "*tôʿabat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*ʾeben*": "stone/weight/measuring weight", "*ʾêpâ*": "ephah/measure/measuring container", "*tôʿabat*": "abomination of/detestable thing to", "*YHWH*": "the LORD/Yahweh/the Eternal One" } }
  • Prov 22:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.22", "source": "אַֽל־תִּגְזָל־דָּ֭ל כִּ֣י דַל־ה֑וּא וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א עָנִ֣י בַשָּֽׁעַר׃", "text": "Not *Tigzāl-dāl* because *dal-hû'*, and not *TĕdaKKē'* *'ānî* in-the-*šā'ar*.", "grammar": { "Not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*Tigzāl-dāl*": "verb with adjective used as noun, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you rob the poor", "because": "conjunction, *kî* - because/for", "*dal-hû'*": "adjective with pronoun - poor he is", "and": "conjunction, *wĕ* - and", "not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you crush/oppress", "*'ānî*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - afflicted/poor person", "in-the-*šā'ar*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the gate" }, "variants": { "*Tigzāl*": "rob/plunder/seize", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy person", "*dal-hû'*": "he is poor/he is weak/he is needy", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "crush/oppress/mistreat", "*'ānî*": "afflicted/poor/humble/oppressed person", "*šā'ar*": "gate/entrance/court (place of judgment)" } }
  • Jer 22:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.3", "source": "׃22 3 כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עֲשׂ֤וּ מִשְׁפָּט֙ וּצְדָקָ֔ה וְהַצִּ֥ילוּ גָז֖וּל מִיַּ֣ד עָשׁ֑וֹק וְגֵר֩ יָת֨וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֤ה אַל־תֹּנוּ֙ אַל־תַּחְמֹ֔סוּ וְדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י אַֽל־תִּשְׁפְּכ֖וּ בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *ʿăśû* *mišpāṭ* and *ṣᵉdāqāh* and *haṣṣîlû* *gāzûl* from *yad* *ʿāšôq*, and *gēr* *yātôm* and *ʾalmānāh* not *tōnû*, not *taḥmōsû*, and *dām* *nāqî* not *tišpᵉkû* in *hammāqôm* the this.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿăśû*": "imperative, masculine plural - do/practice", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*û-ṣᵉdāqāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and righteousness", "*wᵉ-haṣṣîlû*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - and rescue/deliver", "*gāzûl*": "passive participle, masculine singular - one who is robbed/plundered", "*mi-yad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from hand of", "*ʿāšôq*": "noun, masculine singular - oppressor", "*wᵉ-gēr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and foreigner/sojourner", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan", "*wᵉ-ʾalmānāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and widow", "*ʾal-tōnû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, hiphil jussive - do not oppress/wrong", "*ʾal-taḥmōsû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, qal jussive - do not treat violently", "*wᵉ-dām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and blood of", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent/clean", "*ʾal-tišpᵉkû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, qal jussive - do not shed", "*ba-mmāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the place", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*ṣᵉdāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/right behavior", "*gāzûl*": "one robbed/plundered/stolen", "*ʿāšôq*": "oppressor/extortioner", "*tōnû*": "oppress/wrong/mistreat", "*taḥmōsû*": "treat violently/deal ruthlessly/wrong", "*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/clean" } }
  • Jer 22:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.13", "source": "׃22 13 ה֣וֹי בֹּנֶ֤ה בֵיתוֹ֙ בְּֽלֹא־צֶ֔דֶק וַעֲלִיּוֹתָ֖יו בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֑ט בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יַעֲבֹ֣ד חִנָּ֔ם וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hôy* *bōneh* *bêtô* with no *ṣedeq* and *ʿăliyyôtāyw* with no *mišpāṭ*, with *rēʿēhû* *yaʿăbōd* *ḥinnām* and *pōʿŏlô* not *yitten-lô*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*bōneh*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - building", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*bᵉ-lōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no/without", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*wa-ʿăliyyôtāyw*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his upper chambers", "*bᵉ-lōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no/without", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*bᵉ-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his neighbor", "*yaʿăbōd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he makes work", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without pay/for nothing", "*û-pōʿŏlô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his wages", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yitten-lô*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he gives to him" }, "variants": { "*hôy*": "woe/alas", "*bōneh*": "building/constructing", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/right", "*ʿăliyyôtāyw*": "his upper chambers/upper rooms", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right", "*yaʿăbōd*": "he makes work/employs/uses service of", "*ḥinnām*": "without pay/for nothing/freely", "*pōʿŏlô*": "his wages/payment/work" } }
  • Ezek 22:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.29", "source": "עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת־הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*ʿAm* the *ʾāreṣ* *ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq* and *ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*; and the *ʿānî* and *ʾeḇyôn* they have *hônû*, and *ʾeṯ*-the *gēr* they *ʿāšəqû* without *mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - 'people'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the land'", "*ʿāšəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they oppressed'", "*ʿōšeq*": "masculine singular noun - 'oppression'", "*ḡāzəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they robbed'", "*gāzēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'robbery'", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the poor'", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the needy'", "*hônû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they wronged'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the sojourner'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - 'judgment/justice'" }, "variants": { "*ʿam* *ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people", "*ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq*": "oppressed with oppression (idiom for severe oppression)", "*ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*": "robbed with robbery (idiom for severe robbery)", "*hônû*": "wronged/oppressed/defrauded", "*gēr*": "sojourner/alien/foreigner", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right" } }
  • Exod 22:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.8", "source": "עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "For every *dĕbar*-*pešaʿ*, for *šôr*, for *ḥămôr*, for *śeh*, for *śalmâ*, for every *ʾăbēdâ*, which *yōʾmar* that it *hûʾ zeh*, unto the *ʾĕlōhîm* shall come *dĕbar*-*šĕnêhem*; whom *yaršîʿun ʾĕlōhîm*, *yĕšallēm šĕnayim lĕrēʿēhû*.", "grammar": { "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'matter of/case of'", "*pešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'transgression/breach of trust'", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'", "*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'", "*śalmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'garment/cloak'", "*ʾăbēdâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'lost thing'", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he will say'", "*hûʾ zeh*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun + demonstrative pronoun, 'this is it'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'case/matter of'", "*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'of both of them'", "*yaršîʿun*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall condemn'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'", "*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'", "*lĕrēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to his neighbor'" }, "variants": { "*dĕbar-pešaʿ*": "case of trespass/breach of trust/transgression", "*ʾăbēdâ*": "lost item/missing property", "*yaršîʿun*": "condemn/declare guilty/convict" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.9", "source": "כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃", "text": "When *yittēn ʾîš* to *rēʿēhû ḥămôr* or-*šôr* or-*śeh* and all-*bĕhēmâ lišmōr*, and *ûmēt* or-*nišbar* or-*nišbâ ʾên rōʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'", "*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'", "*bĕhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'animal/beast'", "*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'", "*ûmēt*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it dies'", "*nišbar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is broken/injured'", "*nišbâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is taken captive/driven away'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is no'", "*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular, 'one seeing/witness'" }, "variants": { "*nišbar*": "is injured/broken/harmed", "*nišbâ*": "is captured/driven away/stolen", "*ʾên rōʾeh*": "no one seeing/without witness" } }
  • Mark 10:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Mark.10.19", "source": "Τὰς ἐντολὰς οἶδας, Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα.", "text": "The *entolas* you *oidas*, *Mē* *moicheusēs*, *Mē* *phoneusēs*, *Mē* *klepsēs*, *Mē* *pseudomartyrēsēs*, *Mē* *aposterēsēs*, *Tima* the *patera* of you and the *mētera*.", "grammar": { "*entolas*": "accusative feminine plural - commandments", "*oidas*": "perfect active indicative, 2nd singular - you know", "*Mē*": "negative particle - not [with subjunctive forms prohibition]", "*moicheusēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - commit adultery", "*phoneusēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - murder/kill", "*klepsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - steal", "*pseudomartyrēsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - bear false witness", "*aposterēsēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - defraud/deprive", "*Tima*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - honor", "*patera*": "accusative masculine singular - father", "*mētera*": "accusative feminine singular - mother" }, "variants": { "*entolas*": "commandments/precepts/instructions", "*oidas*": "know/are aware of/understand", "*moicheusēs*": "commit adultery", "*phoneusēs*": "murder/kill", "*klepsēs*": "steal/take secretly", "*pseudomartyrēsēs*": "bear false witness/testify falsely", "*aposterēsēs*": "defraud/deprive/withhold", "*Tima*": "honor/value/respect" } }
  • Exod 22:24-27 : 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.24", "source": "אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה ל֖וֹ כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃", "text": "If *kesef talweh ʾet*-my *ʿammî*, *ʾet*-the *ʿānî* with you, not *tihyeh* to him like *nōšeh*; not *tĕśîmûn* on him *nešek*.", "grammar": { "*kesef*": "masculine singular noun, 'silver/money'", "*talweh*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you lend'", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st common singular suffix, 'my people'", "*ʿānî*": "definite masculine singular adjective, 'poor'", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you shall be'", "*nōšeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular, 'creditor/one who lends'", "*tĕśîmûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall put'", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun, 'interest/usury'" }, "variants": { "*talweh*": "lend/loan", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/money-lender/usurer", "*nešek*": "interest/usury" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.25", "source": "אִם־חָבֹ֥ל תַּחְבֹּ֖ל שַׂלְמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֑ךָ עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "If *ḥābōl taḥbōl śalmat rēʿekā*, until *bōʾ* the *šemeš tĕšîbennû* to him.", "grammar": { "*ḥābōl taḥbōl*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you surely take as pledge'", "*śalmat*": "feminine singular construct, 'garment of'", "*rēʿekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your neighbor'", "*bōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct, 'coming of'", "*šemeš*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'sun'", "*tĕšîbennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'you shall return it'" }, "variants": { "*ḥābōl taḥbōl*": "surely take as pledge/certainly take in pledge", "*śalmat*": "garment/cloak/outer garment" } } 26 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.26", "source": "כִּ֣י הִ֤וא *כסותה **כְסוּתוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ הִ֥וא שִׂמְלָת֖וֹ לְעֹר֑וֹ בַּמֶּ֣ה יִשְׁכָּ֔ב וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יִצְעַ֣ק אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖י כִּֽי־חַנּ֥וּן אָֽנִי׃", "text": "For it *hîʾ kĕsûtô lĕbaddāh*, it *hîʾ śimlātô lĕʿōrô*; in what *yiškāb*? And *wĕhāyâ* when *yiṣʿaq* to me, and *wĕšāmaʿtî* because *ḥannûn* I *ʾānî*.", "grammar": { "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'it/she'", "*kĕsûtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his covering'", "*lĕbaddāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'for itself alone'", "*śimlātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his garment'", "*lĕʿōrô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'for his skin'", "*yiškāb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall lie down'", "*wĕhāyâ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it shall be'", "*yiṣʿaq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he cries'", "*wĕšāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st common singular, 'and I will hear'", "*ḥannûn*": "adjective, masculine singular, 'gracious'", "*ʾānî*": "1st common singular pronoun, 'I'" }, "variants": { "*kĕsûtô*": "his covering/his only covering", "*śimlātô lĕʿōrô*": "his garment for his skin/his clothing for his body", "*ḥannûn*": "gracious/compassionate/merciful" } } 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.27", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א תְקַלֵּ֑ל וְנָשִׂ֥יא בְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָאֹֽר׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* not *tĕqallēl*, and *nāśîʾ* among your *ʿammĕkā* not *tāʾōr*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'", "*tĕqallēl*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you shall curse'", "*nāśîʾ*": "masculine singular noun, 'leader/prince'", "*ʿammĕkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your people'", "*tāʾōr*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you shall curse'" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/judges/authorities", "*tĕqallēl*": "curse/revile/speak ill of", "*nāśîʾ*": "ruler/leader/prince/chief", "*tāʾōr*": "curse/execrate" } }
  • Lev 6:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.3", "source": "וְלָבַ֨שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדּ֣וֹ בַ֗ד וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ וְהֵרִ֣ים אֶת־הַדֶּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְשָׂמ֕וֹ אֵ֖צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*wə-lābaš* *ha-kōhēn* *middô* *bad* *û-miknəsê*-*bad* *yilbaš* *ʿal*-*bəśārô* *wə-hērîm* *ʾet*-*ha-dešen* *ʾăšer* *tōʾkal* *hā-ʾēš* *ʾet*-*hā-ʿōlâ* *ʿal*-*ha-mizbēaḥ* *wə-śāmô* *ʾēṣel* *ha-mizbēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-lābaš*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall put on", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the priest", "*middô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garment", "*bad*": "noun, masculine singular - linen", "*û-miknəsê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and breeches/undergarments", "*yilbaš*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall wear", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flesh/body", "*wə-hērîm*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall take up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dešen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the ashes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*tōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - consumes", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fire", "*hā-ʿōlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*wə-śāmô*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he shall put it", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside/near", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar" }, "variants": { "*middô*": "his garment/his measure/his linen robe", "*bad*": "linen/separate part/stave", "*miknəsê*": "undergarments/breeches/trousers", "*dešen*": "ashes/fat ashes/ashes from burnt sacrifice", "*tōʾkal*": "consumes/devours/eats" } }
  • Luke 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Luke.3.13", "source": "Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς, Μηδὲν πλέον παρὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον ὑμῖν πράσσετε.", "text": "He *de* *eipen* *pros* them, Nothing *pleon* *para* the *diatetagmenon* to-you *prassete*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but/now", "*eipen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - said", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*pleon*": "comparative adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - more", "*para*": "preposition with accusative - beyond/more than", "*diatetagmenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having been ordered/appointed", "*prassete*": "present, active, imperative, 2nd person, plural - practice/do/collect" }, "variants": { "*eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*pleon*": "more/greater", "*para*": "beyond/more than/contrary to", "*diatetagmenon*": "having been ordered/appointed/commanded", "*prassete*": "practice/do/collect/exact" } }
  • 1 Thess 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.4.6", "source": "Τὸ μὴ ὑπερβαίνειν καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν ἐν τῷ πράγματι τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ: διότι ἔκδικος ὁ Κύριος περὶ πάντων τούτων, καθὼς καὶ προείπαμεν ὑμῖν καὶ διεμαρτυράμεθα.", "text": "The not to *hyperbainein* and to *pleonektein* in the *pragmati* the *adelphon* of him: because *ekdikos* the *Kyrios* concerning all these things, just as also we *proeipamen* to you and *diemartyrametha*.", "grammar": { "*hyperbainein*": "present, infinitive, active - to overstep/transgress", "*pleonektein*": "present, infinitive, active - to take advantage/defraud", "*pragmati*": "dative, neuter, singular - matter/affair/business (locative)", "*adelphon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - brother (direct object)", "*ekdikos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - avenger/one who punishes", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord (subject)", "*proeipamen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person, plural - we told before/forewarned", "*diemartyrametha*": "aorist, indicative, middle, 1st person, plural - we solemnly testified/charged" }, "variants": { "*hyperbainein*": "overstep/transgress/go beyond limits", "*pleonektein*": "take advantage/defraud/cheat/exploit", "*pragmati*": "matter/affair/business/thing", "*adelphon*": "brother/fellow believer", "*ekdikos*": "avenger/one who punishes/vindicator", "*proeipamen*": "told before/forewarned/previously said", "*diemartyrametha*": "solemnly testified/charged/witnessed" } }
  • Exod 22:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.13", "source": "וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "And when *yišʾal ʾîš* from with *rēʿēhû* and *wĕnišbar* or-*mēt*, *bĕʿālāyw ʾên*-with him, *šallēm yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*yišʾal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'borrows'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'", "*wĕnišbar*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it is broken'", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'dies'", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'is not'", "*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall surely repay'" }, "variants": { "*yišʾal*": "borrows/asks for", "*wĕnišbar*": "is broken/injured/harmed" } }
  • Exod 22:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.15", "source": "וְכִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And when *yĕpatteh ʾîš bĕtûlâ* which not-*ʾōrāśâ* and *wĕšākab* with her, *māhōr yimhārennâ* to him *lĕʾiššâ*.", "grammar": { "*yĕpatteh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'entices/seduces'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*bĕtûlâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'virgin'", "*ʾōrāśâ*": "pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'is betrothed'", "*wĕšākab*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and lies'", "*māhōr yimhārennâ*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'he shall surely pay the bride-price for her'", "*lĕʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun, 'for a wife'" }, "variants": { "*yĕpatteh*": "entices/seduces/persuades", "*māhōr yimhārennâ*": "shall surely pay her bride-price/endow her/give marriage payment for her" } }
  • Exod 22:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.21", "source": "כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃", "text": "All *ʾalmānâ* and *yātôm* not *tĕʿannûn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾalmānâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'widow'", "*yātôm*": "masculine singular noun, 'orphan/fatherless'", "*tĕʿannûn*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall afflict'" }, "variants": { "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless child", "*tĕʿannûn*": "afflict/mistreat/oppress" } }