Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.19.15", "source": "לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֙וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ", "text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăśû* *ʿāwel* *bammišpāṭ* *lōʾ*-*ṯiśśāʾ* *pənê*-*ḏāl* *wə-lōʾ* *ṯehdar* *pənê* *gāḏôl* *bəṣeḏeq* *tišpōṭ* *ʿămîṯeḵā*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ʿāwel*": "noun, masculine singular - injustice/wrong", "*bammišpāṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in judgment", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall lift up/show partiality to", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ḏāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/weak", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯehdar*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall honor/favor", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/mighty", "*bəṣeḏeq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in righteousness", "*tišpōṭ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall judge", "*ʿămîṯeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor" }, "variants": { "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/wrong/unrighteousness", "*ṯiśśāʾ* *pənê*": "show partiality to/be partial to/favor", "*ṯehdar*": "honor/favor/show deference to", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/justice/fairness", "*ʿămîṯeḵā*": "your neighbor/fellow/companion/friend" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dere skal ikke handle urettferdig i dommen; dere skal ikke være partiske mot den fattige eller vise begunstigelse mot den rike, men dere skal dømme deres neste rettferdig.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i dommen, verken ved å vise deltakelse for den fattige eller gi ære til den mektige, men du skal dømme din neste med rettferdighet.

• Norsk King James

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i rettssaker; dere skal ikke ta hensyn til den fattige, ei heller heve den mektige; med rettferdighet skal dere dømme deres nabo.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dere skal ikke handle urettferdig i dommer. Du skal ikke gi fordel til den fattige, heller ikke vise gunst for den mektige; men dømme din neste rettferdig.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i rettssaker. Du skal ikke favorisere en fattig eller vise ære til en stor, men i rettferd skal du dømme din medborger.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i rettsavgjørelser: ikke vise partiskhet for den fattige, eller gi forfordel for den mektige; men rettferdig skal du dømme din neste.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Dere skal ikke utøve urett i dommen: du skal ikke favorisere de fattige eller hedre de mektige, men dømme din neste rettferdig.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i rettsavgjørelser: ikke vise partiskhet for den fattige, eller gi forfordel for den mektige; men rettferdig skal du dømme din neste.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dere skal ikke være urettferdige i dommen. Du skal ikke gi en fattig fortrinn eller vise en mektig ærefrykt. Med rettferdighet skal du dømme din neste.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Do not pervert justice; do not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the great, but judge your neighbor fairly.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Du skal ikke gjøre urett i dommen. Du skal ikke gjøre forskjell på småfolk og storfolk. Med rettferdighet skal du dømme din neste.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  I skulle ikke gjøre Uret i Dommen, du skal ikke ansee den Ringes Person, og ei hædre den Vældiges Person; men du skal dømme din Næste i Retfærdighed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i dommen: du skal ikke vise favorisering av den fattige eller ære den mektige, men i rettferdighet skal du dømme din neste.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  You shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: you shall not respect the person of the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty: but in righteousness you shall judge your neighbor.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i dommen: Dere skal ikke vise urettferdighet til den fattige eller favorisere den mektige, men dere skal dømme deres neste med rettferdighet.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i dom; du skal ikke vise en fattig fordel og heller ikke gi en mektig ære; med rettferdighet skal du dømme din neste.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Dere skal ikke gjøre urett i dommen. Du skal ikke begunstige en fattig eller gi en mektig ære. I rettferdighet skal du dømme din neste.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Gjør ikke urett i deres dommer; vis ingen partiskhet til de fattige, eller gi ære til de store, men døm rettferdig din neste.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Ye shall doo no vnrightuousnes in iudgement. Thou shalt not fauoure the poore nor honoure the mightye, but shalt iudge thy neghboure rightuously.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Ye shall not deale wrongeously in iudgment, nether shal ye accepte the personne of the poore, ner honoure the parsonne of the greate, but thou shalt iudge thy neghboure righteously.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Ye shall not doe vniustly in iudgement. Thou shalt not fauour the person of the poore, nor honour the person of the mightie, but thou shalt iudge thy neighbour iustly.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Ye shall do no vnrighteousnesse in iudgement, thou shalt not fauour the person poore, nor honour the person mightie, but in righteousnes shalt thou iudge thy neighbour.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: [but] in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  "'You shall do no injustice in judgment: you shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Ye do not do perversity in judgment; thou dost not lift up the face of the poor, nor honour the face of the great; in righteousness thou dost judge thy fellow.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty; but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbor.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Do no wrong in your judging: do not give thought to the position of the poor, or honour to the position of the great; but be a judge to your neighbour in righteousness.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "'You shall do no injustice in judgment: you shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but you shall judge your neighbor in righteousness.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Justice, Love, and Propriety“‘You must not deal unjustly in judgment: you must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich. You must judge your fellow citizen fairly.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 1:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.17", "source": "לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן לֹ֤א תָג֙וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן אֵלַ֖י וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו", "text": "Not *takkîrû* *pānîm* in-the-*mišpāṭ*; as-the-*qāṭōn* as-the-*gādōl* *tišmā'ûn*; not *tāgûrû* from-*pənê*-*ʾîš*, for the-*mišpāṭ* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* it; and-the-*dābār* which *yiqšeh* from-you, *taqrîbûn* to-me and-*šāma'tîw*.", "grammar": { "*takkîrû*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, hiphil form of *nkr* - 'recognize/acknowledge'", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'faces/persons'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'judgment/legal decision'", "*qāṭōn*": "masculine singular adjective with prefix *kə* - 'small/insignificant'", "*gādōl*": "masculine singular adjective with prefix *kə* - 'great/significant'", "*tišmā'ûn*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect - 'you shall hear/listen'", "*tāgûrû*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, qal form of *gwr* - 'fear/be afraid'", "*pənê*": "construct form of *pānîm* - 'face of'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - 'God'", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'word/matter'", "*yiqšeh*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, qal form of *qšh* - 'be difficult/hard'", "*taqrîbûn*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, hiphil form of *qrb* - 'bring near/present'", "*šāma'tîw*": "1st person singular perfect with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'I will hear it'" }, "variants": { "*takkîrû pānîm*": "recognize faces/show partiality/be partial", "*tāgûrû*": "be afraid/fear/be in awe", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision/case", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*yiqšeh*": "be difficult/hard/beyond your ability" } }
• Deut 16:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.19", "source": "לֹא־תַטֶּ֣ה מִשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹ֥א תַכִּ֖יר פָּנִ֑ים וְלֹא־תִקַּ֣ח שֹׁ֔חַד כִּ֣י הַשֹּׁ֗חַד יְעַוֵּר֙ עֵינֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽם׃", "text": "*lōʾ*-*taṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ* *lōʾ* *takkîr* *pānîm* *wəlōʾ*-*tiqqaḥ* *šōḥad* *kî* *haššōḥad* *yəʿawwēr* *ʿênê* *ḥăkāmîm* *wîsallēp* *dibrê* *ṣaddîqim*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*-*taṭṭeh*": "negation + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall not pervert", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice/judgment", "*lōʾ*": "negation - not", "*takkîr*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall recognize/show partiality", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*wəlōʾ*-*tiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + negation + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall not take", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*haššōḥad*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the bribe", "*yəʿawwēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - blinds", "*ʿênê*": "feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise (ones)", "*wîsallēp*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and perverts", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*ṣaddîqim*": "masculine plural adjective - righteous (ones)" }, "variants": { "*taṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ*": "pervert justice/twist judgment", "*takkîr* *pānîm*": "recognize faces/show partiality/be partial", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift (for perversion of justice)", "*yəʿawwēr*": "blinds/makes blind", "*sallēp*": "perverts/twists/distorts", "*dibrê*": "words/statements/matters", "*ṣaddîqim*": "righteous ones/just ones" } }
• Exod 23:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.2", "source": "לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרֵֽי־רַבִּ֖ים לְרָעֹ֑ת וְלֹא־תַעֲנֶ֣ה עַל־רִ֗ב לִנְטֹ֛ת אַחֲרֵ֥י רַבִּ֖ים לְהַטֹּֽת׃", "text": "Not-*tihyeh* after-*rabbîm* for-*rāʿōt* and-not-*taʿăneh* on-*rīb* to-*nĕṭōt* after *rabbîm* to-*haṭṭōt*", "grammar": { "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - be/become/follow", "*rabbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - many/great/numerous", "*rāʿōt*": "verb qal infinitive construct - to do evil/harm", "*taʿăneh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - answer/respond/testify", "*rīb*": "noun masculine singular - dispute/controversy/case", "*nĕṭōt*": "qal infinitive construct - to stretch out/turn aside/incline", "*haṭṭōt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to turn/pervert/bend" }, "variants": { "*tihyeh*": "be/become/follow/go after", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/numerous/majority", "*rāʿōt*": "do evil/harm/wrong/wickedness", "*rīb*": "dispute/controversy/legal case/lawsuit", "*nĕṭōt*": "turn aside/incline/stretch out/bend", "*haṭṭōt*": "turn/bend/pervert/distort" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.3", "source": "וְדָ֕ל לֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*dāl* not *tehdar* in-*rîbô*", "grammar": { "*dāl*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/weak/low/thin", "*tehdar*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - honor/favor/show partiality", "*rîbô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dispute/case" }, "variants": { "*dāl*": "poor/weak/lowly/thin/needy", "*tehdar*": "honor/favor/show partiality/be partial to", "*rîbô*": "his dispute/case/controversy/lawsuit" } }
• Prov 24:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.23", "source": "גַּם־אֵ֥לֶּה לַֽחֲכָמִ֑ים הַֽכֵּר־פָּנִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט בַּל־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "Also-these to-the-*ḥăkāmîm* *hakkēr*-*pānîm* in-*mišpāṭ* not-*ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective with article - wise ones", "*hakkēr*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - to recognize/know", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - judgment", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/wise people/sages", "*hakkēr*-*pānîm*": "to recognize faces/to show partiality", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision" } }
• Jas 2:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "James.2.6", "source": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν. Οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια;", "text": "You *de ētimasate* the *ptōchon*. Not the *plousioi katadynasteuousin* you, and they *helkousin* you into *kritēria*?", "grammar": { "Ὑμεῖς": "nominative, second person, plural - you", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ētimasate*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you dishonored", "τὸν *ptōchon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the poor man", "Οὐχ": "negative particle (interrogative) - not", "οἱ *plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - the rich", "*katadynasteuousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they oppress", "ὑμῶν": "genitive, second person, plural - of you", "αὐτοὶ": "nominative, masculine, plural, intensive pronoun - they themselves", "*helkousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they drag", "ὑμᾶς": "accusative, second person, plural - you", "εἰς": "preposition + accusative - into", "*kritēria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - courts/tribunals" }, "variants": { "*ētimasate*": "dishonored/despised/treated with contempt", "*ptōchon*": "poor person/beggar/destitute individual", "*plousioi*": "rich people/wealthy ones", "*katadynasteuousin*": "oppress/dominate/exercise power over", "*helkousin*": "drag/pull/haul/draw", "*kritēria*": "courts/tribunals/judgment seats" } } 7 { "verseID": "James.2.7", "source": "Οὐκ αὐτοὶ βλασφημοῦσιν τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς;", "text": "Not they *blasphēmousin* the *kalon onoma* the *epiklēthen* upon you?", "grammar": { "Οὐκ": "negative particle (interrogative) - not", "αὐτοὶ": "nominative, masculine, plural, intensive pronoun - they themselves", "*blasphēmousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they blaspheme/slander", "τὸ *kalon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the good/noble", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "τὸ *epiklēthen*": "accusative, neuter, singular, aorist passive participle - the having been called/invoked", "ἐφʼ": "preposition (ἐπί) + accusative - upon", "ὑμᾶς": "accusative, second person, plural - you" }, "variants": { "*blasphēmousin*": "blaspheme/slander/speak evil of/revile", "*kalon*": "good/noble/honorable/excellent", "*onoma*": "name/reputation/person", "*epiklēthen*": "called/invoked/proclaimed" } } 8 { "verseID": "James.2.8", "source": "Εἰ μέντοι νόμον τελεῖτε βασιλικὸν κατὰ τὴν γραφήν, Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν, καλῶς ποιεῖτε:", "text": "If *mentoi nomon teleite basilikon* according to the *graphēn*, *Agapēseis* the *plēsion* your as *seauton*, *kalōs poieite*:", "grammar": { "Εἰ": "conditional particle - if", "*mentoi*": "conjunction - indeed/however/nevertheless", "*nomon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - law", "*teleite*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you fulfill/complete", "*basilikon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - royal/kingly", "κατὰ": "preposition + accusative - according to", "τὴν *graphēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the scripture", "*Agapēseis*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you shall love", "τὸν *plēsion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the neighbor", "σου": "genitive, second person, singular - your/of you", "ὡς": "comparative particle - as/like", "*seauton*": "accusative, masculine, singular, reflexive pronoun - yourself", "*kalōs*": "adverb - well/rightly", "*poieite*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you do" }, "variants": { "*mentoi*": "indeed/however/nevertheless", "*nomon*": "law/rule/principle", "*teleite*": "fulfill/complete/observe/keep", "*basilikon*": "royal/kingly/sovereign", "*graphēn*": "scripture/writing", "*Agapēseis*": "you shall love/cherish", "*plēsion*": "neighbor/fellow person", "*kalōs poieite*": "you do well/you act rightly" } } 9 { "verseID": "James.2.9", "source": "Εἰ δὲ προσωποληπτεῖτε, ἁμαρτίαν ἐργάζεσθε, ἐλεγχόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ὡς παραβάται.", "text": "If *de prosōpolēpteite*, *hamartian ergazesthe*, *elegchomenoi* by the *nomou* as *parabatai*.", "grammar": { "Εἰ": "conditional particle - if", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*prosōpolēpteite*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you show partiality", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin", "*ergazesthe*": "present, middle, indicative, 2nd person plural - you work/commit", "*elegchomenoi*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being convicted/exposed", "ὑπὸ": "preposition + genitive - by", "τοῦ *nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the law", "ὡς": "comparative particle - as", "*parabatai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - transgressors" }, "variants": { "*prosōpolēpteite*": "show partiality/are partial/discriminate", "*hamartian*": "sin/wrongdoing", "*ergazesthe*": "work/commit/practice/do", "*elegchomenoi*": "convicted/exposed/reproved/shown to be guilty", "*nomou*": "law/legal code", "*parabatai*": "transgressors/lawbreakers/violators" } }
• Exod 23:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.6", "source": "לֹ֥א תַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃", "text": "Not *taṭṭeh* *mišpaṭ* *ʾebyōnkā* in-*rîbô*", "grammar": { "*taṭṭeh*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - turn/pervert/distort", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun masculine singular construct - judgment/justice/right", "*ʾebyōnkā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your poor/needy one", "*rîbô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dispute/case" }, "variants": { "*taṭṭeh*": "turn/pervert/distort/bend", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right/due", "*ʾebyōnkā*": "your poor/needy/destitute person", "*rîbô*": "his dispute/case/legal matter" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.7", "source": "מִדְּבַר־שֶׁ֖קֶר תִּרְחָ֑ק וְנָקִ֤י וְצַדִּיק֙ אַֽל־תַּהֲרֹ֔ג כִּ֥י לֹא־אַצְדִּ֖יק רָשָֽׁע׃", "text": "From-*dĕbar*-*šeqer* *tirḥāq* and-*nāqî* and-*ṣaddîq* not-*tahărōg* for not-*ʾaṣdîq* *rāšāʿ*", "grammar": { "*dĕbar*": "noun masculine singular construct - word/matter/thing", "*šeqer*": "noun masculine singular - lie/falsehood/deception", "*tirḥāq*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - keep far/stay away", "*nāqî*": "adjective masculine singular - innocent/free from guilt", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous/just person", "*tahărōg*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - kill/slay", "*ʾaṣdîq*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person common singular - justify/declare righteous", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - wicked/guilty person" }, "variants": { "*dĕbar-šeqer*": "false matter/lying word/deceptive thing", "*tirḥāq*": "keep far/stay away/distance yourself", "*nāqî*": "innocent/free from guilt/blameless", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent person", "*ʾaṣdîq*": "justify/declare righteous/acquit" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.8", "source": "וְשֹׁ֖חַד לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים׃", "text": "And-*šōḥad* not *tiqqāḥ* for the-*šōḥad* *yĕʿawwēr* *piqĕḥîm* and-*yĕsallēp* *dibrê* *ṣaddîqîm*", "grammar": { "*šōḥad*": "noun masculine singular - bribe/gift", "*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - take/accept/receive", "*yĕʿawwēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - blind/make blind", "*piqĕḥîm*": "adjective masculine plural - seeing/clear-sighted", "*yĕsallēp*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - twist/pervert/subvert", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words/matters", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective masculine plural - righteous ones/just ones" }, "variants": { "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/payment", "*tiqqāḥ*": "take/accept/receive", "*yĕʿawwēr*": "blind/make blind/corrupt", "*piqĕḥîm*": "seeing ones/clear-sighted/wise", "*yĕsallēp*": "twist/pervert/subvert/distort", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/cases/affairs" } }
• Lev 19:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Leviticus.19.35", "source": "לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה", "text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăśû* *ʿāwel* *bammišpāṭ* *bammiddāh* *bammišqāl* *û-ḇamməśûrāh*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ʿāwel*": "noun, masculine singular - injustice/wrong", "*bammišpāṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in judgment", "*bammiddāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in measurement", "*bammišqāl*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in weight", "*û-ḇamməśûrāh*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and in measure/quantity" }, "variants": { "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/wrong/unrighteousness/dishonesty", "*middāh*": "measurement/dimension/length", "*mišqāl*": "weight/balance", "*məśûrāh*": "measure/quantity/volume" } }
• Deut 25:13-16 : 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.25.13", "source": "לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ בְּכִֽיסְךָ֖ אֶ֣בֶן וָאָ֑בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃", "text": "Not *yihyeh* to-you in-*kîsəkā* *ʾeben* *wā-ʾāben* *gədôlāh* *û-qəṭannāh*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there shall be", "*ləkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*bə-kîsəkā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your bag", "*ʾeben*": "noun feminine singular - stone/weight", "*wā-ʾāben*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular - and stone/weight", "*gədôlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - large", "*û-qəṭannāh*": "conjunction + adjective feminine singular - and small" }, "variants": { "*kîs*": "bag/pouch/purse", "*ʾeben wā-ʾāben*": "stone and stone/different weights/diverse weights" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.25.14", "source": "לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ אֵיפָ֣ה וְאֵיפָ֑ה גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃", "text": "Not *yihyeh* to-you in-*bêtəkā* *ʾêpāh* *wə-ʾêpāh* *gədôlāh* *û-qəṭannāh*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there shall be", "*ləkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*bə-bêtəkā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your house", "*ʾêpāh*": "noun feminine singular - ephah [measure]", "*wə-ʾêpāh*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular - and ephah", "*gədôlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - large", "*û-qəṭannāh*": "conjunction + adjective feminine singular - and small" }, "variants": { "*ʾêpāh*": "ephah/dry measure (approx. 22 liters)", "*ʾêpāh wə-ʾêpāh*": "ephah and ephah/different measures/diverse measures" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.25.15", "source": "אֶ֣בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֤ה וָצֶ֙דֶק֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֔ךְ אֵיפָ֧ה שְׁלֵמָ֛ה וָצֶ֖דֶק יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑ךְ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִ֣יכוּ יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʾeben* *šəlēmāh* *wā-ṣedeq* *yihyeh*-to-you *ʾêpāh* *šəlēmāh* *wā-ṣedeq* *yihyeh*-to-you so-that *yaʾărîkû* *yāmêkā* on the-*ʾădāmāh* that-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to-you", "grammar": { "*ʾeben*": "noun feminine singular - stone/weight", "*šəlēmāh*": "adjective feminine singular - perfect/whole", "*wā-ṣedeq*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and just", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there shall be", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine/feminine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾêpāh*": "noun feminine singular - ephah [measure]", "*šəlēmāh*": "adjective feminine singular - perfect/whole", "*wā-ṣedeq*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and just", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there shall be", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine/feminine singular suffix - to you", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*yaʾărîkû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall be long", "*yāmêkā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your days", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*hā-ʾădāmāh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the ground/land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine/feminine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*šəlēmāh*": "perfect/whole/complete", "*ṣedeq*": "just/righteous/honest", "*yaʾărîkû yāmêkā*": "your days shall be long/you shall live long", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/soil" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.25.16", "source": "כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כָּל־עֹ֣שֵׂה אֵ֑לֶּה כֹּ֖ל עֹ֥שֵׂה עָֽוֶל׃", "text": "For *tôʿăbat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* all-*ʿōśēh* these all *ʿōśēh* *ʿāwel*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*tôʿăbat*": "noun feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - doer of", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*kōl*": "noun masculine singular - all", "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - doer of", "*ʿāwel*": "noun masculine singular - injustice" }, "variants": { "*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ʿōśēh*": "doer/one who does/practicer", "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wrong" } }
• Deut 27:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.27.19", "source": "אָר֗וּר מַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט גֵּר־יָת֖וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֑ה וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *maṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ* *gēr*-*yātôm* *wə*-*ʾalmānāh* *wə*-*ʾāmar* *kol*-*hāʿām* *ʾāmēn*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*maṭṭeh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - one who turns aside/perverts", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice of", "*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stranger/sojourner/alien", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*wə*-*ʾalmānāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and widow", "*wə*-*ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall say", "*kol*-*hāʿām*": "noun construct + definite article + noun - all the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "interjection - so be it/truly/verily" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*maṭṭeh*": "one who turns aside/perverts/distorts", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right", "*gēr*": "stranger/sojourner/foreigner/resident alien", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless one", "*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/widowed woman", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/declare", "*ʾāmēn*": "truly/so be it/confirmed" } }
• 2 Chr 19:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־הַשֹּֽׁפְטִ֗ים רְאוּ֙ מָֽה־אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים כִּ֣י לֹ֧א לְאָדָ֛ם תִּשְׁפְּט֖וּ כִּ֣י לַיהוָ֑ה וְעִמָּכֶ֖ם בִּדְבַ֥ר מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-the-*šōp̄əṭîm* *rəʾû* what-you *ʿōśîm* for not for-*ʾāḏām* *tišpəṭû* but for-*YHWH* and-with-you in-*dəḇar* *mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the judges", "*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see/consider", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - doing", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*tišpəṭû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you judge", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment", "אֶל־": "preposition - to", "מָֽה־": "interrogative pronoun - what", "כִּ֣י": "conjunction - for/because", "לֹ֧א": "negative particle - not", "לְ־": "preposition - for", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "בִּ־": "preposition - in" }, "variants": { "*rəʾû*": "see/watch/consider/take note", "*tišpəṭû*": "you judge/you decide/you govern", "*dəḇar* *mišpāṭ*": "matter of judgment/case of justice/legal matter" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֕ה יְהִ֥י פַֽחַד־יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שִׁמְר֣וּ וַעֲשׂ֔וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֞ין עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עַוְלָ֛ה וּמַשֹּׂ֥א פָנִ֖ים וּמִקַּח־שֹֽׁחַד׃", "text": "And-now *yəhî* *p̄aḥaḏ*-*YHWH* upon-you *šimrû* and-*waʿăśû* for-*ʾên* with-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *ʿawlāh* and-*maśōʾ* *p̄ānîm* and-*miqqaḥ*-*šōḥaḏ*", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let be", "*p̄aḥaḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear of", "*šimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - watch/keep/observe", "*waʿăśû*": "waw + qal imperative, masculine plural - and do/act", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*ʿawlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - injustice/wickedness", "*maśōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lifting/showing favoritism", "*p̄ānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - faces", "*miqqaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - taking of", "*šōḥaḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "כִּֽי־": "conjunction - for/because", "עִם־": "preposition - with", "וּ־": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*p̄aḥaḏ*": "fear/dread/reverence", "*šimrû*": "watch/guard/observe/be careful", "*ʿawlāh*": "injustice/wrongdoing/wickedness/perversion", "*maśōʾ* *p̄ānîm*": "partiality/favoritism/respect of persons", "*miqqaḥ*-*šōḥaḏ*": "taking of bribes/accepting bribes" } }
• Ps 82:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.2", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֥י תִּשְׁפְּטוּ־עָ֑וֶל וּפְנֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תִּשְׂאוּ־סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "until-*mātay* *tišpəṭû*-*ʿāwel* and-*pənê* *rəšāʿîm* *tiśʾû*-*selāh*", "grammar": { "until-*mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*tišpəṭû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you judge/will judge", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness", "and-*pənê*": "conjunction + construct masculine plural noun - and faces of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural noun - wicked ones/evil doers", "*tiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you lift up/show favor", "*selāh*": "musical or liturgical term - pause/interlude" }, "variants": { "*tišpəṭû-ʿāwel*": "judge unjustly/judge with injustice", "*pənê*": "faces/persons/presence", "*tiśʾû*": "lift up/show partiality/be partial to/accept" } }
• Prov 18:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.5", "source": "שְׂאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־רָשָׁ֣ע לֹא־ט֑וֹב לְהַטּ֥וֹת צַ֝דִּ֗יק בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*śəʾēṯ* *pənê*-*rāšāʿ* not-*ṭôḇ* to-*haṭṭôṯ* *ṣaddîq* in-the-*mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*śəʾēṯ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - lifting/raising/showing partiality", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*rāšāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - wicked person/criminal", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/right", "*haṭṭôṯ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - turning aside/perverting", "*ṣaddîq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteous person", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice/legal decision" }, "variants": { "*śəʾēṯ*": "lifting/raising/showing favor/showing partiality", "*pənê*": "face/presence/person", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/criminal/guilty one", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/right/appropriate/fitting", "*haṭṭôṯ*": "turning aside/perverting/subverting", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/innocent one/just person", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal case/verdict" } }
• Exod 18:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.18.21", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל־הָ֠עָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֜יִל יִרְאֵ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י אֱמֶ֖ת שֹׂ֣נְאֵי בָ֑צַע וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵהֶ֗ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃", "text": "And-you *teḥĕzeh* from-all-*hāʿām* *ʾanšê*-*ḥayil* *yirʾê* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾanšê* *ʾĕmet* *śōnəʾê* *bāṣaʿ* *wə*-*śamtā* over-them *śārê* *ʾălāpîm* *śārê* *mēʾôt* *śārê* *ḥămiššîm* and-*śārê* *ʿăśārōt*", "grammar": { "*teḥĕzeh*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall select/see", "*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine plural construct with noun - men of ability", "*yirʾê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - fearers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth", "*śōnəʾê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - haters of", "*bāṣaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - unjust gain", "*wə*-*śamtā*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall set", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of", "*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*ḥămiššîm*": "numeral, common plural - fifties", "*ʿăśārōt*": "noun, feminine plural - tens" }, "variants": { "*teḥĕzeh*": "select/provide/look out/see", "*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "men of ability/capable men/men of valor", "*bāṣaʿ*": "unjust gain/dishonest profit/covetousness" } }