Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Numbers.13.8", "source": "לְמַטֵּ֥ה אֶפְרָ֖יִם הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "*lə-maṭṭêh* *ʾep̄rāyim* *hôšēaʿ* *bin*-*nûn*", "grammar": { "*lə-maṭṭêh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for tribe of", "*ʾep̄rāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hôšēaʿ*": "proper noun - Hoshea", "*bin*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun" }, "variants": { "*maṭṭêh*": "tribe/staff/branch" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Num 11:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Numbers.11.28", "source": "וַיַּ֜עַן יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִבְּחֻרָ֖יו וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנִ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה כְּלָאֵֽם׃", "text": "And *yaʿan* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ben*-*nûn* *məšārēt* *mōšeh* from-*bəḥurāyw* and *yōʾmar*: *ʾădōnî* *mōšeh* *kəlāʾēm*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "qal imperfect third person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he answered", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun", "*məšārēt*": "piel participle masculine singular construct - minister/servant of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*bəḥurāyw*": "masculine plural noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his chosen men/youth", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect third person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾădōnî*": "masculine singular noun with first person singular suffix - my lord", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kəlāʾēm*": "qal imperative masculine singular with third person masculine plural suffix - restrain them" }, "variants": { "*məšārēt*": "minister/servant/attendant", "*bəḥurāyw*": "his chosen men/his youth/his young men", "*kəlāʾēm*": "restrain them/forbid them/shut them up" } }
  • Exod 24:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.24.13", "source": "וַיָּ֣קָם מֹשֶׁ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ מְשָׁרְת֑וֹ וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyāqām* *Mōšeh* *wîhôšuaʿ* *məšārtô* *wayyaʿal* *Mōšeh* *ʾel*-*har* *hāʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he arose", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wîhôšuaʿ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joshua", "*məšārtô*": "noun, piel participle masculine singular + suffix, 3rd masculine singular - his minister/attendant", "*wayyaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he went up", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - God/the gods" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqām*": "arose/stood up/set out", "*məšārtô*": "his minister/his attendant/his servant", "*wayyaʿal*": "went up/ascended/climbed", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "God/the gods/the divine one" } }
  • Exod 32:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֧ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הָעָ֖ם בְּרֵעֹ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה׃", "text": "And-*wayyishma* *Yehoshua* *'et*-*qol* the-*'am* in-*re'oh* and-*wayyomer* to-*Mosheh* *qol* *milchamah* in-the-*machaneh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyishma*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - heard", "*Yehoshua*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound of", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*re'oh*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - in shouting", "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*milchamah*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*machaneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition - in the camp" }, "variants": { "*qol*": "voice/sound/noise", "*re'oh*": "shouting/crying out/loud noise", "*milchamah*": "war/battle/fighting" } }
  • Exod 17:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בְּחַר־לָ֣נוּ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְצֵ֖א הִלָּחֵ֣ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק מָחָ֗ר אָנֹכִ֤י נִצָּב֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וּמַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדִֽי׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *mōsheh* unto-*yəhôshûaʿ* *bəḥar*-for-us *ʾănāshîm* and-*wətsēʾ* *hillāḥēm* against-*ʿămālēq* *māḥār* *ʾānōkî* *nitstsāb* on-*rōʾsh* the-*gibʿāh* and-*maṭṭēh* the-*ʾělōhîm* in-*yādî*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bəḥar*": "qal imperative masculine singular - choose", "*ʾănāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*wətsēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperative masculine singular - and go out", "*hillāḥēm*": "niphal imperative masculine singular - fight", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*nitstsāb*": "niphal participle masculine singular - standing/positioned", "*rōʾsh*": "masculine singular construct - head/top of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the hill", "*maṭṭēh*": "masculine singular construct - staff of", "*ʾělōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God/gods", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*bəḥar*": "choose/select/pick", "*ʾănāshîm*": "men/males/people", "*wətsēʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*hillāḥēm*": "fight/do battle/wage war", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future", "*nitstsāb*": "standing/positioned/stationed", "*rōʾsh*": "head/top/summit", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height", "*maṭṭēh*": "staff/rod/stick", "*ʾělōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.10", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמַר־לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְח֔וּר עָל֖וּ רֹ֥אשׁ הַגִּבְעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wa-yaʿaś* *yəhôshûaʿ* as *ʾāmar*-to-him *mōsheh* to-*ləhillāḥēm* against-*ʿămālēq* and-*mōsheh* *ʾahărōn* and-*ḥûr* *ʿālû* *rōʾsh* the-*gibʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ḥûr*": "proper noun - Hur", "*ʿālû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went up", "*rōʾsh*": "masculine singular construct - head/top of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the hill" }, "variants": { "*wa-yaʿaś*": "did/made/performed", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to do battle/to wage war", "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/climbed", "*rōʾsh*": "head/top/summit", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.11", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥ים מֹשֶׁ֛ה יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנִ֛יחַ יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֥ר עֲמָלֵֽק׃", "text": "And *wəhāyāh* when *yārîm* *mōsheh* *yādô* and-*wəgābar* *yiśrāʾēl* and-when *yānîaḥ* *yādô* and-*wəgābar* *ʿămālēq*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*yārîm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he raised/lifted up", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wəgābar*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it prevailed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yānîaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he let down/lowered", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyāh*": "it happened/came to pass/became", "*yārîm*": "raised/lifted up/elevated", "*wəgābar*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*yānîaḥ*": "let down/lowered/rested" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.12", "source": "וִידֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ כְּבֵדִ֔ים וַיִּקְחוּ־אֶ֛בֶן וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ תַחְתָּ֖יו וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב עָלֶ֑יהָ וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן וְח֜וּר תָּֽמְכ֣וּ בְיָדָ֗יו מִזֶּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וּמִזֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י יָדָ֛יו אֱמוּנָ֖ה עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "And-*wîdê* *mōsheh* *kəbēdîm* and-*wa-yiqḥû*-*ʾeben* and-*wa-yāśîmû* *taḥtāyw* and-*wa-yēsheb* upon-it and-*ʾahărōn* and-*ḥûr* *tāməkû* in-*yādāyw* from-this *ʾeḥād* and-from-this *ʾeḥād* and-*wa-yəhî* *yādāyw* *ʾĕmûnāh* until-*bōʾ* the-*shāmesh*.", "grammar": { "*wîdê*": "waw-conjunctive + dual construct - and hands of", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kəbēdîm*": "masculine plural adjective - heavy", "*wa-yiqḥû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they took", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they put", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - under him", "*wa-yēsheb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ḥûr*": "proper noun - Hur", "*tāməkû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they supported", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular number - one", "*wa-yəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and they were", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "feminine singular noun - firmness/steadiness", "*bōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming/going in", "*shāmesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sun" }, "variants": { "*wîdê*": "hands/arms", "*kəbēdîm*": "heavy/weighty/difficult", "*wa-yiqḥû*": "took/selected/received", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "put/placed/set", "*taḥtāyw*": "under him/beneath him", "*wa-yēsheb*": "sat/seated himself/dwelled", "*tāməkû*": "supported/held up/sustained", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single/each", "*wa-yəhî*": "were/became/happened", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "firmness/steadiness/faithfulness", "*bōʾ*": "coming in/setting/entering", "*shāmesh*": "sun/sunshine" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.13", "source": "וַיַּחֲלֹ֧שׁ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֥ק וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *wa-yaḥălōsh* *yəhôshûaʿ* *ʾet*-*ʿămālēq* and-*ʾet*-*ʿammô* by-*pî*-*ḥāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaḥălōsh*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he weakened/defeated", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of", "*ḥāreb*": "feminine singular noun - sword" }, "variants": { "*wa-yaḥălōsh*": "weakened/defeated/disabled", "*ʿammô*": "his people/nation/tribe", "*pî*": "mouth/edge", "*ḥāreb*": "sword/weapon" } }
  • Num 13:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.16", "source": "אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃", "text": "*ʾēlleh* *šəmôt* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *ʾăšer*-*šālaḥ* *mōšeh* *lātûr* *ʾet*-*hā-ʾāreṣ* *wa-yiqrāʾ* *mōšeh* *lə-hôšēaʿ* *bin*-*nûn* *yəhôšuaʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - these", "*šəmôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - names of", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - whom", "*šālaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - sent", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*lātûr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to spy out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*lə-hôšēaʿ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Hoshea", "*bin*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua" }, "variants": { "*lātûr*": "to spy out/to explore/to search", "*yiqrāʾ*": "called/named" } }
  • Num 27:18-22 : 18 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַח־לְךָ֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ר֣וּחַ בּ֑וֹ וְסָמַכְתָּ֥ אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* *qaḥ*-to you *ʾet*-*yəhôšuaʿ* *ben*-*nûn*, *ʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*rûaḥ* in him, and *wə-sāmaḵtā* *ʾet*-*yāḏəḵā* upon him.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*ləḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to/for yourself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper name - Nun", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him", "*wə-sāmaḵtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall lay", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yāḏəḵā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him" }, "variants": { "*qaḥ*": "take/seize/fetch", "*ʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*rûaḥ* *bô*": "a man in whom is spirit/a man who has the spirit", "*sāmaḵtā*": "lay/place/lean", "*yāḏəḵā*": "your hand/authority" } } 19 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.19", "source": "וְהֽ͏ַעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה וְצִוִּיתָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-haʿămaḏtā* *ʾōtô* *lip̄nê* *ʾelʿāzār* *ha-kōhēn* and *wə-lip̄nê* all-*hā-ʿēḏāh*; and *wə-ṣiwwîtāh* *ʾōtô* *lə-ʿênêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-haʿămaḏtā*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall cause to stand", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*lip̄nê*": "preposition + construct - before", "*ʾelʿāzār*": "proper name - Eleazar", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*wə-lip̄nê*": "conjunction + preposition + construct - and before", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*hā-ʿēḏāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation", "*wə-ṣiwwîtāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall command", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*lə-ʿênêhem*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - before their eyes" }, "variants": { "*haʿămaḏtā*": "cause to stand/set/present", "*ṣiwwîtāh*": "command/charge/instruct", "*lə-ʿênêhem*": "before their eyes/in their sight" } } 20 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.20", "source": "וְנָתַתָּ֥ה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו לְמַ֣עַן יִשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wə-nātattāh* from *mē-hôḏəḵā* upon him, for *ləmaʿan* *yišməʿû* all-*ʿăḏat* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nātattāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall give", "*mē-hôḏəḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your honor/majesty", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*yišməʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will listen", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*ʿăḏat*": "feminine singular construct - congregation of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hôḏəḵā*": "your honor/majesty/glory/authority", "*yišməʿû*": "listen/hear/obey" } } 21 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.21", "source": "וְלִפְנֵ֨י אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וְשָׁ֥אַל ל֛וֹ בְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הָאוּרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַל־פִּ֨יו יֵצְא֜וּ וְעַל־פִּ֣יו יָבֹ֗אוּ ה֛וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אִתּ֖וֹ וְכָל־הָעֵדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-lip̄nê* *ʾelʿāzār* *ha-kōhēn* *yaʿămōḏ*, and *wə-šāʾal* for him in *bə-mišpaṭ* *hā-ʾûrîm* *lip̄nê* *YHWH*; by-*pîw* *yēṣəʾû* and by-*pîw* *yāḇōʾû*, he *hûʾ* and all-*bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* with him, and all-*hā-ʿēḏāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-lip̄nê*": "conjunction + preposition + construct - and before", "*ʾelʿāzār*": "proper name - Eleazar", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*yaʿămōḏ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall stand", "*wə-šāʾal*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he shall inquire", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him", "*bə-mišpaṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - by the judgment of", "*hā-ʾûrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Urim", "*lip̄nê*": "preposition + construct - before", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*ʿal*": "preposition - by/according to", "*pîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth/word", "*yēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall go out", "*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall come in", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + construct - and all", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + construct - and all", "*hā-ʿēḏāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation" }, "variants": { "*yaʿămōḏ*": "stand/present himself", "*šāʾal*": "inquire/ask/request", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/decision/manner", "*hā-ʾûrîm*": "the Urim (divination object used by high priests)", "*pîw*": "his mouth/command/word/instruction", "*yēṣəʾû*": "go out/go forth/depart", "*yāḇōʾû*": "come in/enter/arrive" } } 22 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.22", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיַּֽעֲמִדֵ֙הוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *mōšeh* as *kaʾăšer* *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾōtô*; and *wə-yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*yəhôšuaʿ* and *wə-yaʿămîḏēhû* *lip̄nê* *ʾelʿāzār* *ha-kōhēn* and *wə-lip̄nê* all-*hā-ʿēḏāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*wə-yaʿămîḏēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he caused him to stand", "*lip̄nê*": "preposition + construct - before", "*ʾelʿāzār*": "proper name - Eleazar", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*wə-lip̄nê*": "conjunction + preposition + construct - and before", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*hā-ʿēḏāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation" }, "variants": { "*yaʿaś*": "did/made/performed", "*yiqqaḥ*": "took/selected/received", "*yaʿămîḏēhû*": "caused him to stand/presented him/set him" } }
  • Deut 31:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.7", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו לְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֘ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבוֹא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תַּנְחִילֶ֥נָּה אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And *wa-yiqrāʾ* *Mōšeh* to-*Yəhôšuaʿ* and *wa-yōʾmer* to-him in-*lə-ʿênê* all-*Yiśrāʾēl*, *ḥăzaq* and *we-ʾĕmāṣ*, for *ʾattāh* *tābôʾ* with-the-*ʿām* the-*zeh* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to-*la-ʾăbōtām* to-*lātēt* to-them; and-*ʾattāh* *tanḥîlennāh* them.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he called'", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - 'Moses'", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - 'Joshua'", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he said'", "*lə-ʿênê*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - 'in the eyes of'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*ḥăzaq*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'be strong'", "*we-ʾĕmāṣ*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - 'and be courageous'", "*ʾattāh*": "personal pronoun 2nd masculine singular - 'you'", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will enter'", "*ʿām*": "noun masculine singular - 'people'", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - 'this'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - 'land'", "*nišbaʿ*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he swore'", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*la-ʾăbōtām*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to their fathers'", "*lātēt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - 'to give'", "*tanḥîlennāh*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'you will cause to inherit it'" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned/invited", "*ḥăzaq*": "be strong/be firm/be resolute", "*we-ʾĕmāṣ*": "be courageous/be bold/be determined", "*tābôʾ*": "you will enter/come/go", "*nišbaʿ*": "swore/took an oath/pledged", "*tanḥîlennāh*": "you will cause to inherit it/you will give possession of it/you will bequeath it" } } 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.8", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֞ה ה֣וּא ׀ הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֑ךָּ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א וְלֹ֥א תֵחָֽת׃", "text": "And *wa-YHWH* *hûʾ* the-*ha-hōlēk* before-you, *hûʾ* *yihyeh* with-you, not *yarpəkā* and-not *yaʿazbékā*; not *tîrāʾ* and-not *tēḥāt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-YHWH*": "waw conjunction + divine name", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - 'he'", "*ha-hōlēk*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - 'the one walking'", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will be'", "*yarpəkā*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he will let go of you'", "*yaʿazbékā*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he will forsake you'", "*tîrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will fear'", "*tēḥāt*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will be dismayed'" }, "variants": { "*ha-hōlēk*": "the one walking/going/traveling", "*yihyeh*": "will be/will exist/will remain", "*yarpəkā*": "let go of you/fail you/abandon you", "*yaʿazbékā*": "forsake you/abandon you/leave you", "*tîrāʾ*": "fear/be afraid/be frightened", "*tēḥāt*": "be dismayed/be discouraged/be broken" } }
  • Deut 31:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הֵ֣ן קָרְב֣וּ יָמֶיךָ֮ לָמוּת֒ קְרָ֣א אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֛וּ בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וַאֲצַוֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ מֹשֶׁה֙ וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer YHWH ʾel-mōšeh hēn qārəbû yāmeykā lāmût qərāʾ ʾet-yəhôšuaʿ wə-hitəyaṣṣəbû bə-ʾōhel môʿēd wa-ʾăṣawwennû wa-yēlek mōšeh wî-yəhôšuaʿ wa-yitəyaṣṣəbû bə-ʾōhel môʿēd*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to/unto Moses", "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/look", "*qārəbû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - have approached/are near", "*yāmeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your days", "*lāmût*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to die", "*qərāʾ*": "imperative, masculine singular - call/summon", "*ʾet-yəhôšuaʿ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Joshua", "*wə-hitəyaṣṣəbû*": "waw conjunctive + imperative, 2nd masculine plural - and present yourselves", "*bə-ʾōhel môʿēd*": "preposition + noun construct phrase - in tent of meeting", "*wa-ʾăṣawwennû*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will commission him", "*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wî-yəhôšuaʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Joshua", "*wa-yitəyaṣṣəbû*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they presented themselves" }, "variants": { "*qārəbû*": "draw near/approach/be imminent", "*lāmût*": "to die/for dying", "*qərāʾ*": "call/summon/proclaim", "*hitəyaṣṣəbû*": "present yourselves/stand/station yourselves", "*ʾăṣawwennû*": "commission/command/instruct him", "*ʾōhel môʿēd*": "tent of meeting/appointed place/tabernacle" } }
  • Deut 31:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.23", "source": "וַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וַיֹּאמֶר֮ חֲזַ֣ק וֶֽאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבִיא֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי לָהֶ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*wa-yəṣaw ʾet-yəhôšuaʿ bin-nûn wa-yōʾmer ḥăzaq we-ʾĕmāṣ kî ʾattāh tābîʾ ʾet-bənê yiśrāʾēl ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer-nišbaʿtî lāhem wə-ʾānōkî ʾehyeh ʿimmāk*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*ʾet-yəhôšuaʿ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Joshua", "*bin-nûn*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Nun", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*ḥăzaq*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - be strong", "*we-ʾĕmāṣ*": "waw conjunctive + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and be courageous", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*tābîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - will bring", "*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer-nišbaʿtî*": "relative pronoun + Niphal perfect, 1st singular - which I swore", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "waw conjunctive + 1st singular independent pronoun - and I", "*ʾehyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - will be", "*ʿimmāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you" }, "variants": { "*yəṣaw*": "commanded/commissioned/charged", "*ḥăzaq*": "be strong/be firm/be resolute", "*ʾĕmāṣ*": "be courageous/be brave/be determined", "*tābîʾ*": "will bring/will lead/will cause to enter", "*ʾehyeh ʿimmāk*": "will be with you/will remain beside you/will support you" } }
  • Deut 32:44 : 44 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.44", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשִּׁירָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם ה֖וּא וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "And *wayābōʾ* *Mōšeh* and *wayĕdabbēr* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* *haššîrâh*-*hazzōʾt* in *ʾoznê* *hāʿām*; he and *Hôšēaʿ* son-of-*Nûn*.", "grammar": { "*wayābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and came", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "construct state of *dābār*, masculine plural - words of", "*haššîrâh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the song", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative - this", "*ʾoznê*": "construct state of *ʾōzen*, feminine plural - ears of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people", "*Hôšēaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*Nûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nun" }, "variants": { "*wayābōʾ*": "came/approached/entered", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "spoke/declared/recited", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/matters", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation" } }
  • Deut 34:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.34.9", "source": "וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מָלֵא֙ ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֔ה כִּֽי־סָמַ֥ךְ מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָדָ֖יו עָלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ אֵלָ֤יו בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "text": "And *Yəhôšua'* *bin*-*Nûn* was *mālē'* *rûaḥ* *ḥokəmāh*, for *sāmak* *Mōšeh* *'et*-*yādāyw* upon him; and *wayyišmə'û* unto him *bənê*-*Yiśrā'ēl*, and *wayya'ăśû* as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *'et*-*Mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*Yəhôšua'*": "proper noun - 'Joshua'", "*bin*": "masculine singular construct - 'son of'", "*Nûn*": "proper noun - 'Nun'", "*mālē'*": "adjective masculine singular - 'full'", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - 'spirit of'", "*ḥokəmāh*": "feminine singular - 'wisdom'", "*sāmak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'laid/placed'", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - 'Moses'", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his hands'", "*wayyišmə'û*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they listened'", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - 'sons of/children of'", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*wayya'ăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they did'", "*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'commanded'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*mālē'*": "full/filled with/complete", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*ḥokəmāh*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*sāmak*": "laid/placed/leaned/supported", "*yādāyw*": "his hands/his power", "*wayyišmə'û*": "and they listened/and they obeyed/and they hearkened", "*wayya'ăśû*": "and they did/and they performed/and they acted", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/instructed/ordered" } }
  • Josh 1:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵ֛י מ֥וֹת מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר", "text": "And *wayehî* after *môt* *Mōsheh* *ʿebed* *YHWH*, and *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto *Yehôshuaʿ* *ben*-*Nûn* *meshārēt* *Mōsheh* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*môt*": "construct state of noun - death of", "*Mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yehôshuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Nûn*": "proper noun - Nun", "*meshārēt*": "piel participle, masculine singular construct - minister/servant of", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say/saying" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*meshārēt*": "minister/attendant/servant" } } 2 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.2", "source": "מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדִּ֖י מֵ֑ת וְעַתָּה֩ ק֨וּם עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*Mōsheh* *ʿabdî* *mēt* and now *qûm* *ʿabōr* *ʾet*-the *hayyardēn* the-this you and all-the *hāʿām* the-this unto-the *hāʾārets* which *ʾānōkî* *nōtēn* to-them to-*bnê* *Yisrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*Mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my servant", "*mēt*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has died/is dead", "*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise/stand up", "*ʿabōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - cross over", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving/am giving", "*bnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mēt*": "died/is dead/has died", "*qûm*": "arise/stand up/get ready", "*ʿabōr*": "cross over/pass over/traverse", "*hāʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*nōtēn*": "giving/about to give/am giving" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.3", "source": "כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה", "text": "Every-*māqôm* which *tidrōk* *kaf*-*raglkem* in-it to-you *nətattîw* as-which *dibbartî* unto-*Mōsheh*", "grammar": { "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*tidrōk*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will tread/step", "*kaf*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sole/palm of", "*raglkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your foot", "*nətattîw*": "qal perfect 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I have given it", "*dibbartî*": "piel perfect 1st singular - I spoke/have spoken", "*Mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses" }, "variants": { "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*tidrōk*": "treads/steps/walks", "*kaf*": "sole/palm/flat surface", "*nətattîw*": "I have given it/I give it" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.4", "source": "מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד־הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם", "text": "From-the *midbar* and-the *Lǝbānôn* the-this and-unto-the *nāhār* the-*gādôl* *nǝhar*-*Pǝrāt*, all *ʾerets* the-*Ḥittîm* and-unto-the *yām* the-*gādôl* *mǝbôʾ* the-*shāmesh* *yihyeh* *gǝbûlkem*", "grammar": { "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*Lǝbānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*nǝhar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - river of", "*Pǝrāt*": "proper noun - Euphrates", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ḥittîm*": "proper noun, plural - Hittites", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*mǝbôʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance/going down of", "*shāmesh*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*gǝbûlkem*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your border/territory" }, "variants": { "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*nāhār*": "river/stream", "*mǝbôʾ*": "entrance/setting/going down", "*gǝbûlkem*": "your border/territory/boundary" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.5", "source": "לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיִ֤יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽךָּ", "text": "Not-*yityatsēb* *ʾîsh* before-you all *yǝmê* *ḥayyêkā* as-which *hāyîtî* with-*Mōsheh* *ʾehyeh* with-you not *ʾarpǝkā* and-not *ʾeʿezǝbekkā*", "grammar": { "*yityatsēb*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will stand/withstand", "*ʾîsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yǝmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*ḥayyêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your life", "*hāyîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I was/have been", "*Mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - I will be", "*ʾarpǝkā*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will let you go/fail you", "*ʾeʿezǝbekkā*": "qal imperfect 1st singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will forsake/abandon you" }, "variants": { "*yityatsēb*": "will stand/withstand/oppose", "*ʾîsh*": "man/person/anyone", "*ʾarpǝkā*": "I will let you go/fail you/be slack with you", "*ʾeʿezǝbekkā*": "I will forsake/abandon/leave you" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.6", "source": "חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תַּנְחִיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם", "text": "*Ḥazaq* and-*ʾĕmāts* for you *tanḥîl* *ʾet*-the *hāʿām* the-this *ʾet*-the *hāʾārets* which-*nishbaʿtî* to-their-*ʾăbôtām* to-give to-them", "grammar": { "*Ḥazaq*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be strong", "*ʾĕmāts*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be courageous", "*tanḥîl*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will cause to inherit", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*nishbaʿtî*": "niphal perfect 1st singular - I swore/have sworn", "*ʾăbôtām*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers" }, "variants": { "*Ḥazaq*": "be strong/strengthen/prevail", "*ʾĕmāts*": "be courageous/brave/resolute", "*tanḥîl*": "you will cause to inherit/give possession/divide inheritance", "*ʾăbôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.7", "source": "רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוְּךָ֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֔י אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ", "text": "Only *ḥazaq* and-*ʾĕmats* *mǝʾōd* to-*lishmōr* to-*laʿăśôt* as-all-the *tôrāh* which *tsiwwǝkā* *Mōsheh* *ʿabdî* not-*tāsûr* from-it right and-left so-that *taśkîl* in-all which *tēlēk*", "grammar": { "*ḥazaq*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be strong", "*ʾĕmats*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be courageous", "*mǝʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*lishmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/observe", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/perform", "*tôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*tsiwwǝkā*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*Mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my servant", "*tāsûr*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you turn aside", "*taśkîl*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be successful/prosper", "*tēlēk*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will go/walk" }, "variants": { "*ḥazaq*": "be strong/strengthen/prevail", "*ʾĕmats*": "be courageous/brave/resolute", "*lishmōr*": "to keep/observe/guard", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/accomplish", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*tāsûr*": "turn aside/depart/deviate", "*taśkîl*": "be successful/act wisely/prosper" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.8", "source": "לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל", "text": "Not-*yāmûsh* *sēfer* the *tôrāh* the-this from-*pîkā* and-*hāgîtā* in-it *yômām* and-*laylāh* so-that *tishmōr* to-*laʿăśôt* as-all-the-*kātûb* in-it for-then *tatsliăḥ* *ʾet*-*dǝrākekā* and-then *taśkîl*", "grammar": { "*yāmûsh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will depart", "*sēfer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*pîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mouth", "*hāgîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall meditate", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daytime", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*tishmōr*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will observe", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/perform", "*kātûb*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - written", "*tatsliăḥ*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will make prosperous", "*dǝrākekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way", "*taśkîl*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be successful/prosper" }, "variants": { "*yāmûsh*": "depart/move away/cease", "*sēfer*": "book/scroll/document", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*hāgîtā*": "meditate/mutter/contemplate", "*tishmōr*": "observe/keep/watch", "*tatsliăḥ*": "make prosperous/be successful", "*taśkîl*": "be successful/act wisely/prosper" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.9", "source": "הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ", "text": "Have-not *tsiwwîtîkā* *ḥazaq* and-*ʾĕmāts* not-*taʿărōts* and-not-*tēḥāt* for with-you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* in-all which *tēlēk*", "grammar": { "*tsiwwîtîkā*": "piel perfect 1st singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you", "*ḥazaq*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be strong", "*ʾĕmāts*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be courageous", "*taʿărōts*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be terrified", "*tēḥāt*": "niphal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be dismayed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*tēlēk*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will go" }, "variants": { "*tsiwwîtîkā*": "I have commanded you/I commanded you", "*ḥazaq*": "be strong/strengthen/prevail", "*ʾĕmāts*": "be courageous/brave/resolute", "*taʿărōts*": "be terrified/afraid/tremble", "*tēḥāt*": "be dismayed/discouraged/broken" } }
  • Josh 1:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.1.16", "source": "וַֽיַּעֲנ֔וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתָ֙נוּ֙ נֽ͏ַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְאֶֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֖נוּ נֵלֵֽךְ", "text": "And *wayyaʿănû* *ʾet*-*Yehôshuaʿ* *lēʾmōr* all which-*tsiwwîtānû* *naʿăśeh* and-unto-all-which *tishlāḥēnû* *nēlēk*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + waw consecutive - and they answered", "*Yehôshuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*tsiwwîtānû*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you have commanded us", "*naʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will do", "*tishlāḥēnû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you will send us", "*nēlēk*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will go" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "answered/responded/replied", "*tsiwwîtānû*": "you have commanded us/ordered us", "*naʿăśeh*": "we will do/perform/accomplish", "*tishlāḥēnû*": "you will send us/dispatch us", "*nēlēk*": "we will go/walk/travel" } }
  • Josh 24:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.1", "source": "וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּלְרָאשָׁ֗יו וּלְשֹֽׁפְטָיו֙ וּלְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים", "text": "And *wə-yə'ĕsōp̄* *yəhōwšuʿa* *'eṯ*-all-*šiḇṭê* *yiśrā'ēl* *šəḵemāh* and *wə-yiqrā'* to-*ziqnê* *yiśrā'ēl* and-to-*rā'šāyw* and-to-*šōp̄ṭāyw* and-to-*šōṭərāyw* and *wə-yiṯyaṣṣəḇū* before *hā'ĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yə'ĕsōp̄*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gathered", "*yəhōwšuʿa*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šiḇṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəḵemāh*": "proper noun with directional hey - to Shechem", "*wə-yiqrā'*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*rā'šāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heads/chiefs", "*šōp̄ṭāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his judges", "*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers", "*wə-yiṯyaṣṣəḇū*": "conjunctive waw + Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they presented themselves", "*hā'ĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the God" }, "variants": { "*wə-yə'ĕsōp̄*": "gathered/assembled/brought together", "*šiḇṭê*": "tribes/clans/branches", "*šəḵemāh*": "to Shechem (directional)", "*rā'šāyw*": "his heads/chiefs/leaders", "*šōp̄ṭāyw*": "his judges/magistrates", "*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers/scribes/overseers", "*wə-yiṯyaṣṣəḇū*": "they presented themselves/stood/positioned themselves", "*hā'ĕlōhîm*": "the God/God (plural form with singular meaning)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים", "text": "And *wə-yō'mer* *yəhōwšuʿa* to-all-*hā'ām* thus-*'āmar* *YHWH* *'ĕlōhê* *yiśrā'ēl* in-*'ēḇer* *hannāhār* *yāšḇū* *'ăḇōṯêḵem* from-*'ōwlām* *teraḥ* father-of *'aḇrāhām* and-father-of *nāḥōwr* and *wə-ya'aḇḏū* *'ĕlōhîm* *'ăḥērîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yō'mer*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhōwšuʿa*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*hā'ām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*'āmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*'ĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'ēḇer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - side/region of", "*hannāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the river", "*yāšḇū*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they dwelt/lived", "*'ăḇōṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*'ōwlām*": "noun, masculine singular - antiquity/ancient times", "*teraḥ*": "proper noun - Terah", "*'aḇrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*nāḥōwr*": "proper noun - Nahor", "*wə-ya'aḇḏū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served/worshiped", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*'ăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*hā'ām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*'ēḇer*": "beyond/across/region", "*hannāhār*": "the river (likely Euphrates)", "*'ōwlām*": "long duration/antiquity/ancient times", "*wə-ya'aḇḏū*": "they served/worshiped/worked for", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*'ăḥērîm*": "other/different/foreign" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.3", "source": "וָ֠אֶקַּח אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֤ם אֶת־אַבְרָהָם֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אוֹת֖וֹ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן *וארב **וָאַרְבֶּה֙ אֶת־זַרְע֔וֹ וָֽאֶתֶּן־ל֖וֹ אֶת־יִצְחָֽק", "text": "And *wā-'eqqaḥ* *'eṯ*-*'ăḇîḵem* *'eṯ*-*'aḇrāhām* from-*'ēḇer* *hannāhār* and *wā-'ōwlēḵ* *'ōwṯōw* in-all-*'ereṣ* *kənā'an* and *wā-'arbeh* *'eṯ*-*zar'ōw* and *wā-'etten*-to-him *'eṯ*-*yiṣḥāq*", "grammar": { "*wā-'eqqaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I took", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ăḇîḵem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your father", "*'aḇrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*'ēḇer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond/across", "*hannāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the river", "*wā-'ōwlēḵ*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - and I led/guided", "*'ōwṯōw*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*kənā'an*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*wā-'arbeh*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - and I multiplied", "*zar'ōw*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his seed/offspring", "*wā-'etten*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac" }, "variants": { "*wā-'eqqaḥ*": "I took/fetched/received", "*'ăḇîḵem*": "your father (collective singular)", "*'ēḇer*": "beyond/across/region", "*wā-'ōwlēḵ*": "I led/guided/caused to walk", "*'ereṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*wā-'arbeh*": "I multiplied/increased/made numerous", "*zar'ōw*": "his seed/offspring/descendants", "*wā-'etten*": "I gave/granted/bestowed" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.4", "source": "וָאֶתֵּ֣ן לְיִצְחָ֔ק אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֑ו וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לְעֵשָׂ֜ו אֶת־הַ֤ר שֵׂעִיר֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אוֹת֔וֹ וְיַעֲקֹ֥ב וּבָנָ֖יו יָרְד֥וּ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And *wā-'ettēn* to-*yiṣḥāq* *'eṯ*-*ya'ăqōḇ* and-*'eṯ*-*'ēśāw* and *wā-'ettēn* to-*'ēśāw* *'eṯ*-*har* *śē'îr* to-*lārešeṯ* *'ōwṯōw* and *ya'ăqōḇ* and-*ḇānāyw* *yārḏū* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ettēn*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ya'ăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*'ēśāw*": "proper noun - Esau", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*śē'îr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*lārešeṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to possess", "*'ōwṯōw*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it", "*ḇānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*yārḏū*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went down", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ettēn*": "I gave/granted/bestowed", "*har*": "mountain/hill/hill country", "*lārešeṯ*": "to possess/inherit/take possession of", "*ḇānāyw*": "his sons/children", "*yārḏū*": "they went down/descended/migrated" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.5", "source": "וָאֶשְׁלַ֞ח אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וָאֶגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחַ֖ר הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "And *wā-'ešlaḥ* *'eṯ*-*mōšeh* and-*'eṯ*-*'ahărōn* and *wā-'eggōp̄* *'eṯ*-*miṣrayim* as-*ka'ăšer* *'āśîṯî* in-*qirbbōw* and-*'aḥar* *hōwṣē'ṯî* *'eṯḵem*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I sent", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*'ahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*wā-'eggōp̄*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I struck/plagued", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ka'ăšer*": "conjunction - as/according to", "*'āśîṯî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I did/performed", "*qirbbōw*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its midst", "*'aḥar*": "adverb - afterward", "*hōwṣē'ṯî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - I brought out", "*'eṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "I sent/dispatched", "*wā-'eggōp̄*": "I struck/plagued/smote", "*'āśîṯî*": "I did/performed/made", "*qirbbōw*": "its midst/among them/within it", "*hōwṣē'ṯî*": "I brought out/led out/caused to come out" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.6", "source": "וָֽאוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַתָּבֹ֖אוּ הַיָּ֑מָּה וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵ֧י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם בְּרֶ֥כֶב וּבְפָרָשִׁ֖ים יַם־סֽוּף", "text": "And *wā-'ōwṣî'* *'eṯ*-*'ăḇōwṯêḵem* from-*mimmiṣrayim* and *wə-tāḇō'ū* *hayyāmmāh* and *wə-yirddəp̄ū* *miṣrayim* after *'ăḥărê* *'ăḇōwṯêḵem* with-*bəreḵeḇ* and-with-*ḇəp̄ārāšîm* *yam*-*sūp̄*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ōwṣî'*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - and I brought out", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ăḇōwṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*mimmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you came", "*hayyāmmāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular + directional hey - to the sea", "*wə-yirddəp̄ū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egyptians", "*'ăḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*'ăḇōwṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bəreḵeḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with chariots", "*ḇəp̄ārāšîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - with horsemen", "*yam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sea of", "*sūp̄*": "proper noun - Suph/Reed" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ōwṣî'*": "I brought out/led out/caused to come out", "*'ăḇōwṯêḵem*": "your fathers/ancestors", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "you came/arrived/entered", "*hayyāmmāh*": "to the sea (directional)", "*wə-yirddəp̄ū*": "they pursued/chased/followed", "*'ăḥărê*": "after/behind/following", "*bəreḵeḇ*": "with chariots/vehicles", "*ḇəp̄ārāšîm*": "with horsemen/cavalry", "*yam*-*sūp̄*": "Reed Sea/Red Sea" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.7", "source": "וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מֽ͏ַאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים", "text": "And *wə-yiṣ'ăqū* to-*YHWH* and *wə-yāśem* *ma'ăp̄ēl* between-*bênêḵem* and-between *hāmiṣriyim* and *wə-yāḇē'* upon-him *'eṯ*-*hayyām* and *wə-yəḵassēhū* and *wə-tir'eynāh* *'ênêḵem* *'ēṯ* which-*'ăšer*-*'āśîṯî* in-*bəmiṣrāyim* and *wə-tēšḇū* in-*ḇammidbbār* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣ'ăqū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*wə-yāśem*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed", "*ma'ăp̄ēl*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*bênêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - between you", "*hāmiṣriyim*": "definite article + proper noun - the Egyptians", "*wə-yāḇē'*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wə-yəḵassēhū*": "conjunctive waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it covered him/them", "*wə-tir'eynāh*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they saw", "*'ênêḵem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*'ēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*'āśîṯî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I did", "*bəmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you dwelt", "*ḇammidbbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṣ'ăqū*": "they cried out/called/shouted", "*wə-yāśem*": "he put/placed/established", "*ma'ăp̄ēl*": "darkness/thick darkness/gloom", "*wə-yāḇē'*": "he brought/caused to come", "*wə-yəḵassēhū*": "it covered them/covered it/overwhelmed them", "*wə-tir'eynāh*": "they saw/witnessed/observed", "*'āśîṯî*": "I did/performed/made", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "you dwelt/lived/stayed", "*ḇammidbbār*": "in the wilderness/desert", "*yāmîm* *rabbîm*": "many days/long time" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.8", "source": "*ואבאה **וָאָבִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם וָאֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤ם בְּיֶדְכֶם֙ וַתִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם", "text": "And *wā-'āḇî'* *'eṯḵem* to-*'ereṣ* *hā'ĕmōrî* *hayyōwšēḇ* in-*bə'ēḇer* *hayyardēn* and *wə-yillāḥămū* with-you and *wā-'ettēn* *'ōwṯām* in-*bəyedḵem* and *wə-tîrəšū* *'eṯ*-*'arṣām* and *wā-'ašmîdēm* from-*mippənêḵem*", "grammar": { "*wā-'āḇî'*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - and I brought", "*'eṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*hayyōwšēḇ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one dwelling", "*bə'ēḇer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the region of", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "conjunctive waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fought", "*wā-'ettēn*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*'ōwṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəyedḵem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - into your hand", "*wə-tîrəšū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you possessed", "*'arṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their land", "*wā-'ašmîdēm*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I destroyed them", "*mippənêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you" }, "variants": { "*wā-'āḇî'*": "I brought/led in/caused to enter", "*'ereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "the Amorite (collective singular for the people)", "*hayyōwšēḇ*": "the one dwelling/living/residing", "*bə'ēḇer*": "in the region across/beyond", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "they fought/made war", "*wā-'ettēn*": "I gave/delivered/handed over", "*bəyedḵem*": "into your hand/power/control", "*wə-tîrəšū*": "you possessed/inherited/took possession of", "*wā-'ašmîdēm*": "I destroyed them/annihilated them/exterminated them", "*mippənêḵem*": "from before you/from your presence" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.9", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם בָּלָ֤ק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א לְבִלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר לְקַלֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "And *wə-yāqām* *bālāq* son-of-*ṣippōwr* king-of *mōw'āḇ* and *wə-yillāḥem* against-*bəyiśrā'ēl* and *wə-yišlaḥ* and *wə-yiqrā'* to-*ḇil'ām* son-of-*bə'ōwr* to-*ləqallēl* *'eṯḵem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāqām*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*bālāq*": "proper noun - Balak", "*ṣippōwr*": "proper noun - Zippor", "*mōw'āḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wə-yillāḥem*": "conjunctive waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he fought", "*bəyiśrā'ēl*": "preposition + proper noun - against Israel", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*wə-yiqrā'*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ḇil'ām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*bə'ōwr*": "proper noun - Beor", "*ləqallēl*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to curse", "*'eṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāqām*": "he arose/stood up/took action", "*wə-yillāḥem*": "he fought/made war/battled", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "he sent/dispatched", "*wə-yiqrā'*": "he called/summoned", "*ləqallēl*": "to curse/revile/despise" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.10", "source": "וְלֹ֥א אָבִ֖יתִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ לְבִלְעָ֑ם וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ בָּרוֹךְ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וָאַצִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ", "text": "And not *wə-lō'* *'āḇîṯî* to-*lišmōa'* to-*ləḇil'ām* and *wə-yəḇāreḵ* blessing-*bārōwḵ* *'eṯḵem* and *wā-'aṣṣil* *'eṯḵem* from-*miyyādōw*", "grammar": { "*wə-lō'*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*'āḇîṯî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I was willing", "*lišmōa'*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to listen", "*ləḇil'ām*": "preposition + proper noun - to Balaam", "*wə-yəḇāreḵ*": "conjunctive waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he blessed", "*bārōwḵ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - blessing (intensifier)", "*'eṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*wā-'aṣṣil*": "conjunctive waw + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - and I delivered", "*miyyādōw*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his hand" }, "variants": { "*'āḇîṯî*": "I was willing/consented/determined", "*lišmōa'*": "to listen/hear/obey", "*wə-yəḇāreḵ* *bārōwḵ*": "he blessed repeatedly/he surely blessed/he emphatically blessed", "*wā-'aṣṣil*": "I delivered/rescued/saved", "*miyyādōw*": "from his hand/power/control" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.11", "source": "וַתַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ וַתָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־יְרִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ בָכֶ֣ם בַּעֲלֵֽי־יְ֠רִיחוֹ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֨י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְהֽ͏ַחִתִּי֙ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י הֽ͏ַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם", "text": "And *wə-ta'aḇrū* *'eṯ*-*hayyardēn* and *wə-tāḇō'ū* to-*yərîḥōw* and *wə-yillāḥămū* against-you masters-of-*ba'ălê*-*yərîḥōw* the-*hā'ĕmōrî* and-the-*wəhappərizzî* and-the-*wəhakkəna'ănî* and-the-*wəhaḥittî* and-the-*wəhaggirggāšî* the-*haḥiwwî* and-the-*wəhayḇūsî* and *wā-'ettēn* *'ōwṯām* in-*bəyedḵem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ta'aḇrū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you crossed over", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you came", "*yərîḥōw*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "conjunctive waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fought", "*ba'ălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - masters/lords of", "*yərîḥōw*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*wəhappərizzî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Perizzite", "*wəhakkəna'ănî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Canaanite", "*wəhaḥittî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Hittite", "*wəhaggirggāšî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Girgashite", "*haḥiwwî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hivite", "*wəhayḇūsî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Jebusite", "*wā-'ettēn*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*'ōwṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəyedḵem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - into your hand" }, "variants": { "*wə-ta'aḇrū*": "you crossed over/passed through", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "you came/entered/arrived at", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "they fought/waged war/battled", "*ba'ălê*": "masters/lords/citizens/men of", "*wā-'ettēn*": "I gave/delivered/handed over", "*bəyedḵem*": "into your hand/power/control" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.12", "source": "וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ", "text": "And *wā-'ešlaḥ* before-*lip̄nêḵem* *'eṯ*-*haṣṣir'āh* and *wə-təḡāreš* *'ōwṯām* from-*mippənêḵem* two-*šənê* kings-of *malḵê* *hā'ĕmōrî* not *lō'* with-*ḇəḥarbəḵā* and-not *wə-lō'* with-*ḇəqaštēḵā*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I sent", "*lip̄nêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*haṣṣir'āh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the hornet", "*wə-təḡāreš*": "conjunctive waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it drove out", "*'ōwṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mippənêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you", "*šənê*": "number, masculine dual construct - two of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*ḇəḥarbəḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your sword", "*wə-lō'*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*ḇəqaštēḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your bow" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "I sent/dispatched", "*lip̄nêḵem*": "before you/ahead of you", "*haṣṣir'āh*": "the hornet/wasp/plague (possibly metaphorical for terror or panic)", "*wə-təḡāreš*": "it drove out/expelled/cast out", "*mippənêḵem*": "from before you/from your presence", "*ḇəḥarbəḵā*": "with your sword/weapon", "*ḇəqaštēḵā*": "with your bow/archery" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.13", "source": "וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹכְלִֽים", "text": "And *wā-'ettēn* to-you *lāḵem* land *'ereṣ* which *'ăšer* not-*lō'*-*yāḡa'tā* in-*bāh* and-cities *wə'ārîm* which *'ăšer* not-*lō'*-*ḇənîṯem* and *wə-tēšḇū* in-them *bāhem* vineyards *kərāmîm* and-olive trees *wəzêṯîm* which *'ăšer* not-*lō'*-*nəṭa'tem* you-*'attem* *'ōḵəlîm*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ettēn*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yāḡa'tā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you labored", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wə'ārîm*": "conjunctive waw + noun, feminine plural - and cities", "*ḇənîṯem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you built", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you dwell", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*kərāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vineyards", "*wəzêṯîm*": "conjunctive waw + noun, masculine plural - and olive trees", "*nəṭa'tem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you planted", "*'attem*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*'ōḵəlîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - eating" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ettēn*": "I gave/granted/bestowed", "*'ereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*yāḡa'tā*": "you labored/toiled/worked hard", "*wə-tēšḇū*": "you dwell/live/inhabit", "*kərāmîm*": "vineyards/grape orchards", "*wəzêṯîm*": "olive trees/olive orchards", "*nəṭa'tem*": "you planted/established", "*'ōḵəlîm*": "eating/consuming/partaking of" } } 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.14", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּתָמִ֣ים וּבֶֽאֱמֶ֑ת וְהָסִ֣ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ עָבְד֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַנָּהָר֙ וּבְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְעִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *yərʾû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wə-ʿibdû* *ʾōtô* *bə-tāmîm* *û-be-ʾĕmet* *wə-hāsîrû* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăšer* *ʿābdû* *ʾăbôtêkem* *bə-ʿēber* *ha-nāhār* *û-bə-miṣrayim* *wə-ʿibdû* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*yərʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fear/revere", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*wə-ʿibdû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and serve", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*bə-tāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in completeness/integrity", "*û-be-ʾĕmet*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and in truth", "*wə-hāsîrû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and remove/put away", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʿābdû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they served", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bə-ʿēber*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in beyond/across", "*ha-nāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the river", "*û-bə-miṣrayim*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Egypt", "*wə-ʿibdû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and serve" }, "variants": { "*yərʾû*": "fear/revere/be in awe of", "*bə-tāmîm*": "in completeness/integrity/perfection/wholeness", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*hāsîrû*": "remove/put away/turn aside", "*ʿēber ha-nāhār*": "beyond the river/Mesopotamia/Euphrates region" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.15", "source": "וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־מִ֣י תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim* *raʿ* *bə-ʿênêkem* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *baḥărû* *lākem* *ha-yôm* *ʾet*-*mî* *taʿăbōdûn* *ʾim* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăšer*-*ʿābdû* *ʾăbôtêkem* *ʾăšer* *mē-ʿēber* *ha-nāhār* *wə-ʾim* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhê* *hā-ʾĕmōrî* *ʾăšer* *ʾattem* *yōšbîm* *bə-ʾarṣām* *wə-ʾānōkî* *û-bêtî* *naʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*bə-ʿênêkem*": "preposition + noun, dual construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your eyes", "*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve", "*baḥărû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - choose", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day/today", "*ʾet-mî*": "direct object marker + interrogative pronoun - whom", "*taʿăbōdûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - you will serve", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if/whether", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʿābdû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they served", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*mē-ʿēber*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from beyond/across", "*ha-nāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the river", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if/or", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*yōšbîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - dwelling/sitting", "*bə-ʾarṣām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their land", "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*û-bêtî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and my house", "*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/displeasing", "*bə-ʿênêkem*": "in your eyes/in your sight/in your opinion", "*baḥărû*": "choose/select/elect", "*mē-ʿēber ha-nāhār*": "from beyond the river/from Mesopotamia/from Euphrates region", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite/Canaanite peoples", "*yōšbîm*": "dwelling/sitting/inhabiting/living" } } 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.16", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַן הָעָם֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֔נוּ מֵעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yaʿan* *hā-ʿām* *wa-yōʾmer* *ḥālîlāh* *lānû* *mē-ʿăzōb* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿan*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he answered", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said", "*ḥālîlāh*": "interjection - far be it", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us", "*mē-ʿăzōb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from forsaking/abandoning", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*ḥālîlāh*": "far be it/forbid it/profane/a profanation", "*ʿăzōb*": "forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods" } } 17 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.17", "source": "כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוּא֩ הַמַּעֲלֶ֨ה אֹתָ֧נוּ וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛ינוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָׂ֣ה לְעֵינֵ֗ינוּ אֶת־הָאֹת֤וֹת הַגְּדֹלוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַֽיִּשְׁמְרֵ֗נוּ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣כְנוּ בָ֔הּ וּבְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *hûʾ* *ha-maʿăleh* *ʾōtānû* *wə-ʾet*-*ʾăbôtênû* *mē-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *mi-bêt* *ʿăbādîm* *wa-ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *lə-ʿênênû* *ʾet*-*hā-ʾōtôt* *ha-gədōlôt* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yišmərēnû* *bə-kol*-*ha-derek* *ʾăšer* *hālakənû* *bāh* *û-bə-kōl* *hā-ʿammîm* *ʾăšer* *ʿābarnû* *bə-qirbām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker + 1st person plural suffix - us", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʾăbôtênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our fathers", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-bêt*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants", "*wa-ʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and who", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*lə-ʿênênû*": "preposition + noun, dual construct + 1st person plural suffix - before our eyes", "*hā-ʾōtôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the signs", "*ha-gədōlôt*": "definite article + adjective, feminine plural - the great", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*wa-yišmərēnû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - and he kept/protected us", "*bə-kol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all of", "*ha-derek*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*hālakənû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we walked", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it", "*û-bə-kōl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and among all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peoples", "*ʿābarnû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we passed through", "*bə-qirbām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their midst" }, "variants": { "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/causing to ascend/offering up", "*bêt ʿăbādîm*": "house of slaves/place of slavery/servitude", "*ʾōtôt*": "signs/wonders/portents", "*yišmərēnû*": "kept us/guarded us/protected us/watched over us", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/path", "*ʿābarnû*": "we passed through/we crossed over" } } 18 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.18", "source": "וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yəgāreš* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hā-ʿammîm* *wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʾĕmōrî* *yōšēb* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *mi-pānênû* *gam*-*ʾănaḥnû* *naʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *kî*-*hûʾ* *ʾĕlōhênû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəgāreš*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he drove out", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʾet-kol*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peoples", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*yōšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dwelling in/inhabiting", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*mi-pānênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - from before us", "*gam*": "adverb - also/too", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve", "*kî-hûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - for he", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our God" }, "variants": { "*yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/cast out", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite/Canaanite peoples", "*yōšēb*": "dwelling in/inhabiting/sitting in", "*mi-pānênû*": "from before us/from our presence/from our face" } } 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם לֹ֤א תֽוּכְלוּ֙ לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים קְדֹשִׁ֖ים ה֑וּא אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא לֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֥א לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם וּלְחַטֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *lōʾ* *tûkəlû* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *kî*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *qədōšîm* *hûʾ* *ʾēl*-*qannôʾ* *hûʾ* *lōʾ*-*yiśśāʾ* *lə-pišʿăkem* *û-lə-ḥaṭṭōʾûtêkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tûkəlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be able", "*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - holy", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - God of", "*qannôʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - jealous", "*lōʾ-yiśśāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will not forgive/bear", "*lə-pišʿăkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for your transgressions", "*û-lə-ḥaṭṭōʾûtêkem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and for your sins" }, "variants": { "*tûkəlû*": "you will be able/you can/you will have power", "*ʾĕlōhîm qədōšîm*": "holy God/holy ones (plural form with singular meaning)", "*ʾēl-qannôʾ*": "jealous God/zealous God", "*yiśśāʾ*": "forgive/bear/lift up/carry", "*pišʿă*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ḥaṭṭōʾût*": "sins/offenses/failures" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.20", "source": "כִּ֤י תַֽעַזְבוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וְשָׁ֨ב וְהֵרַ֤ע לָכֶם֙ וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲשֶׁר־הֵיטִ֥יב לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *taʿazbû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wa-ʿăbadtem* *ʾĕlōhê* *nēkār* *wə-šāb* *wə-hēraʿ* *lākem* *wə-killāh* *ʾetkem* *ʾaḥărê* *ʾăšer*-*hêṭîb* *lākem*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - if/when", "*taʿazbû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will forsake", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you serve", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*nēkār*": "noun, masculine singular - foreign/strange", "*wə-šāb*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will turn", "*wə-hēraʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will do harm", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*wə-killāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will consume/destroy", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that", "*hêṭîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did good", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*taʿazbû*": "you will forsake/abandon/leave", "*ʾĕlōhê nēkār*": "foreign gods/strange gods", "*wə-šāb*": "and he will turn/and he will return", "*hēraʿ*": "do harm/bring evil/afflict", "*killāh*": "consume/destroy/finish off", "*hêṭîb*": "did good/benefited/treated well" } } 21 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ לֹ֕א כִּ֥י אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲבֹֽד׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *hā-ʿām* *ʾel*-*yəhôšuaʿ* *lōʾ* *kî* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *naʿăbōd*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/rather", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ kî*": "no, rather/no, but/no, for" } } 22 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *ʿēdîm* *ʾattem* *bākem* *kî*-*ʾattem* *bəḥartem* *lākem* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾôtô* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ʿēdîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against yourselves", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have chosen", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve", "*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdîm*": "witnesses/testimony", "*bākem*": "against yourselves/among yourselves", "*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/you have selected/you have elected" } } 23 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.23", "source": "וְעַתָּ֕ה הָסִ֛ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַנֵּכָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *hāsîrû* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ha-nēkār* *ʾăšer* *bə-qirbəkem* *wə-haṭṭû* *ʾet*-*ləbabkem* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hāsîrû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - put away/remove", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ha-nēkār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the foreign/strange", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*bə-qirbəkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your midst", "*wə-haṭṭû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and incline/stretch out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ləbabkem*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hāsîrû*": "put away/remove/turn aside", "*ʾĕlōhê ha-nēkār*": "foreign gods/strange gods", "*bə-qirbəkem*": "in your midst/among you", "*haṭṭû*": "incline/stretch out/extend/turn", "*ləbab*": "heart/mind/inner self" } } 24 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.24", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֔ד וּבְקוֹל֖וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *hā-ʿām* *ʾel*-*yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *naʿăbōd* *û-bə-qôlô* *nišmāʿ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve", "*û-bə-qôlô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to his voice", "*nišmāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will listen/obey" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*nišmāʿ*": "we will listen/we will obey/we will hear" } } 25 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.25", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בְּרִ֛ית לָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yikrōt* *yəhôšuaʿ* *bərît* *lā-ʿām* *ba-yôm* *ha-hûʾ* *wa-yāśem* *lô* *ḥōq* *û-mišpāṭ* *bi-šəkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he cut", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*lā-ʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the people", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - that", "*wa-yāśem*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he set/established", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for him/it", "*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - statute/decree", "*û-mišpāṭ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and judgment/ordinance", "*bi-šəkem*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shechem" }, "variants": { "*kārōt bərît*": "cut a covenant/make a covenant/establish a treaty", "*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance/law", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/ordinance/legal decision" } } 26 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.26", "source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֤ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם תַּ֚חַת הָֽאַלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yiktōb* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾet*-*ha-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *bə-sēper* *tôrat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-yiqqaḥ* *ʾeben* *gədôlāh* *wa-yəqîmehā* *šām* *taḥat* *hā-ʾallāh* *ʾăšer* *bə-miqdaš* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiktōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he wrote", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dəbārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the words", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*bə-sēper*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he took", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*gədôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - large/great", "*wa-yəqîmehā*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and he set it up", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*hā-ʾallāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the oak/terebinth", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*bə-miqdaš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in sanctuary of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton" }, "variants": { "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*sēper tôrat ʾĕlōhîm*": "book of the law of God/book of God's instruction", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock", "*yəqîmehā*": "set it up/erect it/establish it", "*ʾallāh*": "oak/terebinth/large tree", "*miqdaš*": "sanctuary/holy place" } } 27 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם הִנֵּ֨ה הָאֶ֤בֶן הַזֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣נוּ לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָכֶם֙ לְעֵדָ֔ה פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּן בֵּאלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehōshūaʿ* to all the *hāʿām*, *hinnēh* the *ʾeben* the *zōʾt* *tihyeh* in us for *ʿēdāh*, for she *shāmʿāh* *ʾēt* all *ʾimrê* *YHWH* that *dibber* with us; and *hāytāh* in you for *ʿēdāh*, lest *tekachăshūn* in your *ʾĕlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yehōshūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Joshua", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be", "*ʿēdāh*": "noun, feminine singular - witness", "*shāmʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she heard", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾimrê*": "construct plural of *ʾēmer* - words/sayings of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*hāytāh*": "qal perfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she will be", "*tekachăshūn*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you might deny/disown", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun with 2nd masculine plural possessive suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdāh*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*shāmʿāh*": "heard/listened to/understood", "*tekachăshūn*": "deny/disown/deceive/lie" } } 28 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.28", "source": "וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And *wayshallach* *Yehōshūaʿ* *ʾet* the *hāʿām*, *ʾîsh* to his *nachălātō*.", "grammar": { "*wayshallach*": "waw consecutive with piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent away", "*Yehōshūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Joshua", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one", "*nachălātō*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his inheritance/property" }, "variants": { "*wayshallach*": "sent away/dismissed/released", "*ʾîsh*": "man/each one/person", "*nachălātō*": "inheritance/property/possession" } } 29 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.29", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י אֽ͏ַחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayehî* after the *debārîm* the *ʾēlleh* and *wayyāmāt* *Yehōshūaʿ* *ben*-*Nūn* *ʿebed* *YHWH*, *ben* one hundred and ten *shānîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *hāyāh* - and it came to pass", "*debārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the things/matters/events", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*wayyāmāt*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *mūt* - and he died", "*Yehōshūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Joshua", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Nūn*": "proper noun, masculine - Nun", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*shānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years" }, "variants": { "*debārîm*": "things/matters/words/events", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official" } } 30 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.30", "source": "וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyiqberū* him in *gebūl* *nachălātō* in *Timnat*-*Serach* which in *har*-*ʾEphrāyim* from *ṣepon* to *har*-*Gāʿash*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqberū*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they buried", "*gebūl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - border/territory of", "*nachălātō*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his inheritance/property", "*Timnat*-*Serach*": "proper noun, place name - Timnath-serah", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill of", "*ʾEphrāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ṣepon*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*Gāʿash*": "proper noun - Gaash" }, "variants": { "*gebūl*": "border/territory/region", "*nachălātō*": "inheritance/property/possession" } } 31 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.31", "source": "וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿăbōd* *Yisrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*YHWH* all *yemê* *Yehōshūaʿ* and all *yemê* the *zeqēnîm* who *heʾĕrîkū* *yāmîm* after *Yehōshūaʿ* and who *yādʿū* *ʾēt* all *maʿăśēh* *YHWH* which *ʿāśāh* for *Yisrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăbōd*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*Yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*yemê*": "construct plural of *yōm* - days of", "*Yehōshūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Joshua", "*zeqēnîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the elders", "*heʾĕrîkū*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they prolonged/extended", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*yādʿū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they knew", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work/deed of", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/made" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăbōd*": "served/worshipped/obeyed", "*zeqēnîm*": "elders/old men/leaders", "*heʾĕrîkū*": "prolonged/extended/lengthened", "*yādʿū*": "knew/experienced/were acquainted with", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action" } } 32 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.32", "source": "וְאֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף אֲשֶׁר־הֶעֱל֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל ׀ מִמִּצְרַיִם֮ קָבְר֣וּ בִשְׁכֶם֒ בְּחֶלְקַ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָנָ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב מֵאֵ֛ת בְּנֵֽי־חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְנַחֲלָֽה׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*ʿaṣmōt* *Yōsēp* which *heʿĕlū* *benê*-*Yisrāʾēl* from *Miṣrayim* *qābrū* in *Shekem* in *chelqat* the *śādeh* which *qānāh* *Yaʿăqōb* from *ʾēt* *benê*-*Chămōr* *ʾăbî*-*Shekem* for one hundred *qeśîṭāh* and *wayyihyū* to *benê*-*Yōsēp* for *nachălāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿaṣmōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - bones of", "*Yōsēp*": "proper noun - Joseph", "*heʿĕlū*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they brought up", "*benê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*qābrū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they buried", "*Shekem*": "proper noun - Shechem", "*chelqat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - portion of", "*śādeh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the field", "*qānāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he bought", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*Chămōr*": "proper noun - Hamor", "*ʾăbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of", "*qeśîṭāh*": "noun, feminine singular - piece of money/weight", "*wayyihyū*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they became", "*nachălāh*": "noun, feminine singular - inheritance" }, "variants": { "*ʿaṣmōt*": "bones/remains", "*heʿĕlū*": "brought up/carried up/took up", "*chelqat*": "portion/plot/parcel", "*qānāh*": "bought/purchased/acquired", "*qeśîṭāh*": "piece of money/weight/currency unit", "*nachălāh*": "inheritance/possession/property" } } 33 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.33", "source": "וְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵ֑ת וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּגִבְעַת֙ פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בְּנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּן־ל֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *ʾElʿāzār* *ben*-*ʾAhărōn* *mēt* and *wayyiqberū* him in *gibʿat* *Pîneḥās* *benō* which *nittan*-to him in *har* *ʾEphrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾElʿāzār*": "proper noun - Eleazar", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*mēt*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - died", "*wayyiqberū*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they buried", "*gibʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hill of", "*Pîneḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas", "*benō*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*nittan*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was given", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill of", "*ʾEphrāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim" }, "variants": { "*mēt*": "died/was dead", "*gibʿat*": "hill/height/elevation", "*nittan*": "was given/was granted/was assigned" } }