Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Psalms.46.8", "source": "יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֣וֹת עִמָּ֑נוּ מִשְׂגָּֽב־לָ֝נוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʿimmānû* *miśgāb*-to-us *ʾĕlōhê* *yaʿăqōb* *selāh*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*miśgāb-lānû*": "masculine singular noun + preposition with 1st person plural suffix - stronghold for us", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*selāh*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*miśgāb*": "stronghold/high refuge/fortress", "*selāh*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (uncertain meaning)" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 66:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.66.5", "source": "לְכ֣וּ וּ֭רְאוּ מִפְעֲל֣וֹת אֱלֹהִ֑ים נוֹרָ֥א עֲ֝לִילָ֗ה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*ləkû* and *rəʾû* *mipʿălôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *nôrāʾ* *ʿălîlāh* over-*bənê* *ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*ləkû*": "verb qal imperative masculine plural - go/come/walk", "*rəʾû*": "verb qal imperative masculine plural - see/look/observe", "*mipʿălôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - works/deeds of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God (despite plural form, treated as singular)", "*nôrāʾ*": "verb niphal participle masculine singular - awesome/fearful", "*ʿălîlāh*": "noun feminine singular - deed/action", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular - man/mankind/humanity" }, "variants": { "*ləkû*": "come/go/walk/proceed", "*rəʾû*": "see/look at/observe/inspect/perceive", "*mipʿălôt*": "works/actions/deeds/achievements", "*nôrāʾ*": "awesome/fearful/terrible/awe-inspiring", "*ʿălîlāh*": "action/deed/work/exploit", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity/human being" } }
  • Ps 92:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.92.4", "source": "עֲ‍ֽלֵי־עָ֭שׂוֹר וַעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר׃", "text": "Upon *ʿāśôr* and upon *nābel* upon *higgāyôn* with *kinnôr*.", "grammar": { "Upon *ʿāśôr*": "preposition ʿălê + noun masculine singular - upon ten-stringed instrument", "and": "conjunction wə- - and", "upon *nābel*": "preposition ʿălê + noun masculine singular - upon harp/lute", "upon *higgāyôn*": "preposition ʿălê + noun masculine singular - upon meditation/resounding music", "with *kinnôr*": "preposition bə + noun masculine singular - with lyre/harp" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśôr*": "ten-stringed instrument/decade", "*nābel*": "harp/lute/stringed instrument", "*higgāyôn*": "meditation/resounding music/solemn sound", "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.92.5", "source": "כִּ֤י שִׂמַּחְתַּ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה בְּפָעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃", "text": "For *śimmaḥtanî* *YHWH* with *pāʿŏlekā* with *maʿăśê* *yādeykā* *ʾărannēn*.", "grammar": { "For": "conjunction kî - for/because", "*śimmaḥtanî*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix - you have made me glad", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "with *pāʿŏlekā*": "preposition bə + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with your work", "with *maʿăśê*": "preposition bə + noun masculine plural construct - with works of", "*yādeykā*": "noun feminine dual construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hands", "*ʾărannēn*": "Piel imperfect 1st person common singular - I will sing for joy" }, "variants": { "*śimmaḥtanî*": "you have made me glad/you have caused me to rejoice", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah (divine name)", "*pāʿŏlekā*": "your work/your deed/your action", "*maʿăśê*": "works/deeds/actions", "*yādeykā*": "your hands/your power", "*ʾărannēn*": "I will sing for joy/I will shout with joy/I will rejoice" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.92.6", "source": "מַה־גָּדְל֣וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה מְ֝אֹ֗ד עָמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "How *gādlû* *maʿăśeykā* *YHWH* *meʾōd* *ʿāmqû* *maḥšebōteykā*.", "grammar": { "How": "interrogative mah - how/what", "*gādlû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are great", "*maʿăśeykā*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your works", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*meʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*ʿāmqû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are deep", "*maḥšebōteykā*": "noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your thoughts" }, "variants": { "*gādlû*": "they are great/they are magnificent/they are exalted", "*maʿăśeykā*": "your works/your deeds/your actions", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah (divine name)", "*meʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*ʿāmqû*": "they are deep/they are profound/they are unfathomable", "*maḥšebōteykā*": "your thoughts/your plans/your designs" } }
  • Ps 111:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.111.2", "source": "גְּ֭דֹלִים מַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דְּ֝רוּשִׁ֗ים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Gədōlîm* *ma'ăśê* *YHWH* *dərûšîm* to-all-*ḥepṣêhem*", "grammar": { "*Gədōlîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - great/large", "*ma'ăśê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - works/deeds of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*dərûšîm*": "passive participle, masculine plural - sought out/investigated", "*ḥepṣêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person plural suffix - their desires/delights" }, "variants": { "*Gədōlîm*": "great/large/magnificent/powerful", "*ma'ăśê*": "works/deeds/actions/accomplishments", "*dərûšîm*": "sought out/investigated/studied/examined", "*ḥepṣêhem*": "their desires/delights/pleasures/wishes" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.111.3", "source": "הוֹד־וְהָדָ֥ר פָּֽעֳל֑וֹ וְ֝צִדְקָת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד׃", "text": "*Hôd*-*wə*-*hādār* *pā'ŏlô* *wə*-*ṣidqātô* *'ōmedet* *lā'ad*", "grammar": { "*Hôd*": "noun, masculine, singular - splendor/majesty", "*wə*-": "conjunction - and", "*hādār*": "noun, masculine, singular - glory/honor", "*pā'ŏlô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work", "*ṣidqātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*'ōmedet*": "participle, feminine, singular - standing/enduring", "*lā'ad*": "preposition with noun - forever/eternally" }, "variants": { "*Hôd*": "splendor/majesty/glory/honor", "*hādār*": "glory/honor/splendor/beauty", "*pā'ŏlô*": "his work/his deed/his action", "*ṣidqātô*": "his righteousness/his justice/his righteous acts", "*'ōmedet*": "standing/enduring/remaining/continuing", "*lā'ad*": "forever/eternally/perpetually" } }
  • Isa 24:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } }
  • Isa 34:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.2", "source": "כִּ֣י קֶ֤צֶף לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחֵמָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם נְתָנָ֥ם לַטָּֽבַח׃", "text": "*kî* *qeṣep* *lāyhwh* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*haggôyim* *wĕḥēmâ* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*ṣĕbāʾām* *heḥĕrîmām* *nĕtānām* *laṭṭābaḥ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qeṣep*": "masculine singular noun - wrath/anger", "*lāyhwh*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*kāl*": "construct form - all of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*wĕḥēmâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and fury/rage", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host/army", "*heḥĕrîmām*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has utterly destroyed them", "*nĕtānām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them", "*laṭṭābaḥ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the slaughter" }, "variants": { "*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation/rage", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/the gentiles/the peoples", "*ḥēmâ*": "fury/rage/hot anger/wrath", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude", "*heḥĕrîmām*": "he has devoted them to destruction/utterly destroyed them/banned them", "*nĕtānām*": "he has given them/delivered them/handed them over", "*laṭṭābaḥ*": "to the slaughter/to the butchering/to the killing" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.3", "source": "וְחַלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יֻשְׁלָ֔כוּ וּפִגְרֵיהֶ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה בָאְשָׁ֑ם וְנָמַ֥סּוּ הָרִ֖ים מִדָּמָֽם׃", "text": "*wĕḥallêhem* *yušlākû* *ûpigrêhem* *yaʿăleh* *bāʾšām* *wĕnāmassû* *hārîm* *middāmām*", "grammar": { "*wĕḥallêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their slain", "*yušlākû*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be cast out/thrown", "*ûpigrêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their corpses", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*bāʾšām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their stench", "*wĕnāmassû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be dissolved/melted", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*middāmām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their blood" }, "variants": { "*ḥallêhem*": "their slain/their pierced/their wounded", "*yušlākû*": "they will be cast out/thrown away/flung", "*pigrêhem*": "their corpses/their dead bodies/their carcasses", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will rise/will ascend", "*bāʾšām*": "their stench/their foul smell/their putridness", "*nāmassû*": "will be dissolved/will melt/will flow away", "*hārîm*": "mountains/hills/heights", "*middāmām*": "from their blood/with their blood/because of their blood" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.4", "source": "וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕnāmaqqû* *kāl*-*ṣĕbāʾ* *haššāmayim* *wĕnāgōllû* *kassēper* *haššāmāyim* *wĕkāl*-*ṣĕbāʾām* *yibbôl* *kinbōl* *ʿāleh* *miggepen* *ûkĕnōbelet* *mittĕʾēnâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕnāmaqqû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will rot/dissolve", "*kāl*": "construct form - all of", "*ṣĕbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wĕnāgōllû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be rolled up", "*kassēper*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the scroll/book", "*haššāmāyim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + construct form - and all of", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host", "*yibbôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will wither/fade", "*kinbōl*": "preposition + infinitive construct - like the withering of", "*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf", "*miggepen*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the vine", "*ûkĕnōbelet*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and like the falling/fading", "*mittĕʾēnâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the fig tree" }, "variants": { "*nāmaqqû*": "will rot/will dissolve/will decay/will waste away", "*ṣĕbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/the sky", "*nāgōllû*": "will be rolled up/will be rolled together/will be rolled away", "*kassēper*": "like the scroll/like the book/as a scroll", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude", "*yibbôl*": "will wither/will fade/will fall/will decay", "*kinbōl*": "like the withering of/as the falling of/as the fading of", "*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage", "*miggepen*": "from the vine/from the grapevine", "*nōbelet*": "falling/fading/withering", "*mittĕʾēnâ*": "from the fig tree" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.5", "source": "כִּֽי־רִוְּתָ֥ה בַשָּׁמַ֖יִם חַרְבִּ֑י הִנֵּה֙ עַל־אֱד֣וֹם תֵּרֵ֔ד וְעַל־עַ֥ם חֶרְמִ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*kî*-*riwwĕtâ* *baššāmayim* *ḥarbî* *hinnēh* *ʿal*-*ʾĕdôm* *tērēd* *wĕʿal*-*ʿam* *ḥermî* *lĕmišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*riwwĕtâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has drunk its fill/is saturated", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine dual noun - in the heavens", "*ḥarbî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my sword", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*tērēd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will come down/descend", "*wĕʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*ḥermî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my destruction/ban", "*lĕmišpāṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for judgment" }, "variants": { "*riwwĕtâ*": "has drunk its fill/is saturated/is drenched", "*baššāmayim*": "in the heavens/in the sky", "*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation south of Judah)", "*tērēd*": "will come down/will descend/will fall", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*ḥermî*": "my destruction/my ban/my devoted thing/people I have devoted to destruction", "*lĕmišpāṭ*": "for judgment/for justice/for a verdict" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.6", "source": "חֶ֣רֶב לַיהוָ֞ה מָלְאָ֥ה דָם֙ הֻדַּ֣שְׁנָה מֵחֵ֔לֶב מִדַּ֤ם כָּרִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים מֵחֵ֖לֶב כִּלְי֣וֹת אֵילִ֑ים כִּ֣י זֶ֤בַח לַֽיהוָה֙ בְּבָצְרָ֔ה וְטֶ֥בַח גָּד֖וֹל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃", "text": "*ḥereb* *lāyhwh* *mālĕʾâ* *dām* *huddašĕnâ* *mēḥēleb* *middam* *kārîm* *wĕʿattûdîm* *mēḥēleb* *kilyôt* *ʾêlîm* *kî* *zebaḥ* *lāyhwh* *bĕbāṣrâ* *wĕṭebaḥ* *gādôl* *bĕʾereṣ* *ʾĕdôm*", "grammar": { "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun construct - sword of", "*lāyhwh*": "preposition + divine name - to/for/belonging to YHWH", "*mālĕʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is filled/full of", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*huddašĕnâ*": "pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is fattened/made fat", "*mēḥēleb*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from/with fat", "*middam*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from blood of", "*kārîm*": "masculine plural noun - lambs/rams", "*wĕʿattûdîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and male goats", "*mēḥēleb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from fat of", "*kilyôt*": "feminine plural construct - kidneys of", "*ʾêlîm*": "masculine plural noun - rams", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*zebaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - sacrifice", "*lāyhwh*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*bĕbāṣrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Bozrah", "*wĕṭebaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and slaughter", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great", "*bĕʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom" }, "variants": { "*ḥereb*": "sword/weapon", "*mālĕʾâ*": "is filled/is full/is satiated", "*dām*": "blood", "*huddašĕnâ*": "is fattened/is made fat/is covered", "*ḥēleb*": "fat/suet/choicest part", "*kārîm*": "lambs/rams/young sheep", "*ʿattûdîm*": "male goats/he-goats", "*kilyôt*": "kidneys/entrails/inner parts", "*ʾêlîm*": "rams/male sheep", "*zebaḥ*": "sacrifice/slaughter/offering", "*bāṣrâ*": "Bozrah (city in Edom)", "*ṭebaḥ*": "slaughter/butchering/killing", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.7", "source": "וְיָרְד֤וּ רְאֵמִים֙ עִמָּ֔ם וּפָרִ֖ים עִם־אַבִּירִ֑ים וְרִוְּתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ מִדָּ֔ם וַעֲפָרָ֖ם מֵחֵ֥לֶב יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃", "text": "*wĕyārĕdû* *rĕʾēmîm* *ʿimmām* *ûpārîm* *ʿim*-*ʾabbîrîm* *wĕriwwĕtâ* *ʾarṣām* *middām* *waʿăpārām* *mēḥēleb* *yĕduššān*", "grammar": { "*wĕyārĕdû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will come down", "*rĕʾēmîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild oxen", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*ûpārîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and bulls", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - strong ones/bulls", "*wĕriwwĕtâ*": "conjunction + pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will be soaked/drenched", "*ʾarṣām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their land", "*middām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from/with blood", "*waʿăpārām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their dust/soil", "*mēḥēleb*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from/with fat", "*yĕduššān*": "pual imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be made fat/enriched" }, "variants": { "*yārĕdû*": "will come down/will descend/will fall", "*rĕʾēmîm*": "wild oxen/aurochs/wild bulls", "*ʿimmām*": "with them/alongside them", "*pārîm*": "bulls/young bulls", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "strong ones/mighty ones/bulls/steers", "*riwwĕtâ*": "will be soaked/will be drenched/will be saturated", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/their earth/their territory", "*ʿăpārām*": "their dust/their soil/their ground", "*yĕduššān*": "will be made fat/will be enriched/will be made rich" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.8", "source": "כִּ֛י י֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה שְׁנַ֥ת שִׁלּוּמִ֖ים לְרִ֥יב צִיּֽוֹן׃", "text": "*kî* *yôm* *nāqām* *lāyhwh* *šĕnat* *šillûmîm* *lĕrîb* *ṣiyyôn*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*nāqām*": "masculine singular noun - vengeance", "*lāyhwh*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*šĕnat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*šillûmîm*": "masculine plural noun - retribution/recompense", "*lĕrîb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - for controversy/dispute of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge/retribution", "*šĕnat*": "year/period", "*šillûmîm*": "retribution/recompense/repayment", "*rîb*": "controversy/dispute/case/lawsuit", "*ṣiyyôn*": "Zion (Jerusalem)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.9", "source": "וְנֶהֶפְכ֤וּ נְחָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְזֶ֔פֶת וַעֲפָרָ֖הּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית וְהָיְתָ֣ה אַרְצָ֔הּ לְזֶ֖פֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕnehepkû* *nĕḥālêhā* *lĕzepet* *waʿăpārāh* *lĕgāprît* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *ʾarṣāh* *lĕzepet* *bōʿērâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕnehepkû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be turned/changed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its streams", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*waʿăpārāh*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its dust/soil", "*lĕgāprît*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to sulfur/brimstone", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*ʾarṣāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its land", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*bōʿērâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - burning" }, "variants": { "*nehepkû*": "will be turned/will be changed/will be transformed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "its streams/its wadis/its valleys", "*zepet*": "pitch/tar/bitumen", "*ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/its soil/its dirt", "*gāprît*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*hāyĕtâ*": "will be/will become/will happen", "*ʾarṣāh*": "its land/its territory/its earth", "*bōʿērâ*": "burning/blazing/consuming" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.10", "source": "לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*laylâ* *wĕyômām* *lōʾ* *tikbeh* *lĕʿôlām* *yaʿăleh* *ʿăšānāh* *middôr* *lādôr* *teḥĕrāb* *lĕnēṣaḥ* *nĕṣāḥîm* *ʾên* *ʿōbēr* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*laylâ*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*wĕyômām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and day", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be extinguished/quenched", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*ʿăšānāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its smoke", "*middôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from generation", "*lādôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*teḥĕrāb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be desolate/waste", "*lĕnēṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for perpetuity", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - perpetuities/eternities", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*yômām*": "day/daytime", "*tikbeh*": "will be extinguished/will be quenched/will go out", "*lĕʿôlām*": "forever/for eternity/for all time", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will ascend/will rise", "*ʿăšānāh*": "its smoke/its vapor", "*middôr*": "from generation", "*lādôr*": "to generation/to age", "*teḥĕrāb*": "will be desolate/will be waste/will be in ruins", "*nēṣaḥ*": "perpetuity/eternity/forever", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "perpetuities/eternities/forevers", "*ʿōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.11", "source": "וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wîrēšûhā* *qāʾat* *wĕqippôd* *wĕyanšôp* *wĕʿōrēb* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh* *wĕnāṭâ* *ʿālêhā* *qaw*-*tōhû* *wĕʾabnê*-*bōhû*", "grammar": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will possess it", "*qāʾat*": "feminine singular noun - pelican", "*wĕqippôd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and hedgehog/porcupine", "*wĕyanšôp*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and owl", "*wĕʿōrēb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and raven", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wĕnāṭâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will stretch out", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - over it", "*qaw*": "masculine singular construct - line of", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - chaos/emptiness", "*wĕʾabnê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and stones of", "*bōhû*": "masculine singular noun - void/emptiness" }, "variants": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "will possess it/will inherit it/will take possession of it", "*qāʾat*": "pelican/desert owl/cormorant", "*qippôd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*yanšôp*": "owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow", "*yiškĕnû*": "will dwell/will inhabit/will reside", "*nāṭâ*": "will stretch out/will extend/will measure", "*qaw*": "line/measuring line/cord", "*tōhû*": "chaos/emptiness/waste/formlessness", "*ʾabnê*": "stones/weights", "*bōhû*": "void/emptiness/desolation" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.13", "source": "וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕʿālĕtâ* *ʾarmĕnōtêhā* *sîrîm* *qimmôś* *wāḥôaḥ* *bĕmibṣārêhā* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *nĕwēh* *tannîm* *ḥāṣîr* *libnôt* *yaʿănâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿālĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will grow/come up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its citadels/palaces", "*sîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/briars", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - nettle/thorny weed", "*wāḥôaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and thistle/thorn", "*bĕmibṣārêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in its fortresses", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular construct - habitation of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals/dragons", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grass/enclosure", "*libnôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - for daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʿālĕtâ*": "will grow/will come up/will spring up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "its citadels/its palaces/its fortified towers", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*qimmôś*": "nettle/thorny weed/wild weeds", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thistle/thorn/bramble", "*mibṣārêhā*": "its fortresses/its strongholds", "*nĕwēh*": "habitation/dwelling place/pasture", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/wolves", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/court/enclosure", "*banôt*": "daughters", "*yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.14", "source": "וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃", "text": "*ûpāgĕšû* *ṣiyyîm* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyîm* *wĕśāʿîr* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *yiqrāʾ* *ʾak*-*šām* *hirgîʿâ* *lîlît* *ûmāṣĕʾâ* *lāh* *mānôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ûpāgĕšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will meet", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures", "*wĕśāʿîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and he-goat/satyr", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will call", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hirgîʿâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will rest/settle", "*lîlît*": "feminine singular noun - Lilith/night creature", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will find", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - resting place" }, "variants": { "*pāgĕšû*": "will meet/will encounter/will confront", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/hyenas/jackals", "*śāʿîr*": "he-goat/satyr/hairy one/demon", "*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/his neighbor/his fellow", "*yiqrāʾ*": "will call/will cry out/will proclaim", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hirgîʿâ*": "will rest/will settle/will find repose", "*lîlît*": "Lilith/night creature/night monster", "*māṣĕʾâ*": "will find/will discover", "*mānôaḥ*": "resting place/place of rest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.15", "source": "שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šāmmâ* *qinnĕnâ* *qippôz* *watĕmallēṭ* *ûbāqĕʿâ* *wĕdāgĕrâ* *bĕṣillāh* *ʾak*-*šām* *niqbĕṣû* *dayyôt* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh*", "grammar": { "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - makes/built a nest", "*qippôz*": "feminine singular noun - arrow snake", "*watĕmallēṭ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will lay eggs", "*ûbāqĕʿâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will hatch", "*wĕdāgĕrâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will gather", "*bĕṣillāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her shadow", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqbĕṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are gathered", "*dayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - kites/vultures", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion" }, "variants": { "*šāmmâ*": "there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "makes a nest/builds a nest/nests", "*qippôz*": "arrow snake/owl/dartsnake", "*tĕmallēṭ*": "will lay eggs/will give birth/will deliver", "*bāqĕʿâ*": "will hatch/will break open", "*dāgĕrâ*": "will gather/will brood over/will incubate", "*ṣillāh*": "her shadow/her shade", "*niqbĕṣû*": "are gathered/are assembled/are collected", "*dayyôt*": "kites/vultures/birds of prey", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her neighbor" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.16", "source": "דִּרְשׁ֨וּ מֵֽעַל־סֵ֤פֶר יְהוָה֙ וּֽקְרָ֔אוּ אַחַ֤ת מֵהֵ֙נָּה֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔רָה אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א פָקָ֑דוּ כִּֽי־פִי֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔ה וְרוּח֖וֹ ה֥וּא קִבְּצָֽן׃", "text": "*diršû* *mēʿal*-*sēper* *yhwh* *ûqĕrāʾû* *ʾaḥat* *mēhēnnâ* *lōʾ* *neʿdārâ* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh* *lōʾ* *pāqādû* *kî*-*pî* *hûʾ* *ṣiwwâ* *wĕrûḥô* *hûʾ* *qibbĕṣān*", "grammar": { "*diršû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct - book of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ûqĕrāʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and read", "*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular numeral - one", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - from these", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neʿdārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is missing", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*pāqādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they missed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my mouth", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*wĕrûḥô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his spirit/breath", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*qibbĕṣān*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - he has gathered them" }, "variants": { "*diršû*": "seek/search/inquire", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*qĕrāʾû*": "read/proclaim/call out", "*ʾaḥat*": "one/a single one", "*neʿdārâ*": "is missing/is lacking/is absent", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her partner", "*pāqādû*": "they missed/they lacked/they were without", "*pî*": "my mouth/his mouth", "*ṣiwwâ*": "has commanded/has ordered", "*rûḥô*": "his spirit/his breath/his wind", "*qibbĕṣān*": "has gathered them/has collected them/has assembled them" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.17", "source": "וְהֽוּא־הִפִּ֤יל לָהֶן֙ גּוֹרָ֔ל וְיָד֛וֹ חִלְּקַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם בַּקָּ֑ו עַד־עוֹלָם֙ יִֽירָשׁ֔וּהָ לְד֥וֹר וָד֖וֹר יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "*wĕhûʾ*-*hippîl* *lāhen* *gôrāl* *wĕyādô* *ḥillĕqattâ* *lāhem* *baqqāw* *ʿad*-*ʿôlām* *yîrāšûhā* *lĕdôr* *wādôr* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wĕhûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*hippîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast", "*lāhen*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for them", "*gôrāl*": "masculine singular noun - lot", "*wĕyādô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - has divided it", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*baqqāw*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the measuring line", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - eternity/forever", "*yîrāšûhā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will possess it", "*lĕdôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*hippîl*": "has cast/has thrown/has made fall", "*gôrāl*": "lot/lot (for dividing)/portion", "*yādô*": "his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "has divided it/has apportioned it/has allotted it", "*qāw*": "measuring line/cord/rule", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*yîrāšûhā*": "they will possess it/they will inherit it", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*yiškĕnû*": "they will dwell/they will inhabit/they will reside" } }
  • Isa 61:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.61.4", "source": "וּבָנוּ חָרְבוֹת עוֹלָם שֹׁמְמוֹת רִאשֹׁנִים יְקוֹמֵמוּ וְחִדְּשׁוּ עָרֵי חֹרֶב שֹׁמְמוֹת דּוֹר וָדוֹר", "text": "*ûbānû* *ḥārbôt* *ʿôlām* *šōmĕmôt* *riʾšōnîm* *yəqômēmû* *wəḥiddəšû* *ʿārê* *ḥōreb* *šōmĕmôt* *dôr* *wādôr*", "grammar": { "*ûbānû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - and they will build", "*ḥārbôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ruins of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient time/long duration", "*šōmĕmôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - desolations of", "*riʾšōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - former", "*yəqômēmû*": "verb, polel imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will raise up", "*wəḥiddəšû*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 3rd person plural - and they will renew", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*ḥōreb*": "noun, masculine singular - desolation/waste", "*šōmĕmôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - desolations of", "*dôr*": "noun, masculine singular - generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and generation" }, "variants": { "*ḥārbôt*": "ruins/waste places/destroyed places", "*ʿôlām*": "ancient time/long duration/forever", "*šōmĕmôt*": "desolations/wastes/ruins", "*riʾšōnîm*": "former/previous/ancient", "*yəqômēmû*": "they will raise up/they will restore/they will establish", "*wəḥiddəšû*": "they will renew/they will repair/they will restore", "*ḥōreb*": "desolation/drought/waste", "*dôr* *wādôr*": "generation and generation/many generations" } }
  • Exod 10:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.7", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י פַרְעֹ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו עַד־מָתַי֙ יִהְיֶ֨ה זֶ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְיַֽעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הֲטֶ֣רֶם תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *ʿabdê* *parʿōh* *ʾēlāyw* *ʿad-mātay* *yihyeh* *zeh* *lānû* *lə-môqēš* *šallaḥ* *ʾet-hā-ʾănāšîm* *wə-yaʿabdû* *ʾet-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *hă-ṭerem* *tēdaʿ* *kî* *ʾābdāh* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿabdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - servants of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st common plural suffix - to us", "*lə-môqēš*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - for a snare/trap", "*šallaḥ*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - send away", "*ʾet-hā-ʾănāšîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the men", "*wə-yaʿabdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - that they may serve", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hă-ṭerem*": "interrogative + adverb - do you not yet", "*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - know", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾābdāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - has perished", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*môqēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block", "*ṭerem*": "not yet/before/prior to", "*ʾābdāh*": "perished/destroyed/ruined" } }
  • Exod 12:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.12.30", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם פַּרְעֹ֜ה לַ֗יְלָה ה֤וּא וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וְכָל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַתְּהִ֛י צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyāqām* *parʿōh* *laylāh* he and all-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* and all-*miṣrayim* and *wattəhî* *ṣəʿāqāh* *gəḏōlāh* in-*miṣrāyim* because-not *bayiṯ* which not-there *mēṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*laylāh*": "noun masculine singular - night", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wattəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and there was", "*ṣəʿāqāh*": "noun feminine singular - cry/outcry", "*gəḏōlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great", "*bayiṯ*": "noun masculine singular - house", "*mēṯ*": "noun masculine singular - dead one/corpse" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqām*": "arose/got up/stood", "*laylāh*": "night/nighttime", "*ṣəʿāqāh*": "crying/wailing/outcry/shriek", "*gəḏōlāh*": "great/loud/intense", "*bayiṯ*": "house/household/dwelling" } }
  • Exod 14:30-31 : 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.30", "source": "וַיּ֨וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיַּ֤רְא יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ֖ת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם", "text": "*wa-yyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ba-yyôm* *ha-hûʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mi-yyad* *Miṣrāyim* *wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mēṯ* *ʿal*-*śəphaṯ* *ha-yām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saved", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "article + pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mi-yyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*mēṯ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dead", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*śəphaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shore of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "and he saved/and he delivered", "*ba-yyôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day", "*mi-yyad*": "from the hand of/from the power of", "*mēṯ*": "dead/dying (collective singular form)" } } 31 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.31", "source": "וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yyād* *ha-ggədōlāh* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* *bə-Miṣrayim* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *hā-ʿām* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wa-yyaʾămînû* *ba-YHWH* *û-ḇə-Mōšeh* *ʿaḇdô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yyād*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the hand", "*ha-ggədōlāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the great", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - did/performed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they feared", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they believed", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun, divine name - in Yahweh/LORD", "*û-ḇə-Mōšeh*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Moses", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant" }, "variants": { "*ha-yyād ha-ggədōlāh*": "the great hand/the mighty power", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/performed/worked", "*bə-Miṣrayim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians", "*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they feared/and they were in awe of", "*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "and they believed/and they trusted", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his minister" } }
  • Num 23:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Numbers.23.23", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹא־נַ֙חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כָּעֵ֗ת יֵאָמֵ֤ר לְיַעֲקֹב֙ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מַה־פָּ֖עַל אֵֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *lōʾ*-*naḥaš* *bə-yaʿăqōb* *wə-lōʾ*-*qesem* *bə-yiśrāʾēl* *kā-ʿēt* *yēʾāmēr* *lə-yaʿăqōb* *û-lə-yiśrāʾēl* *mah*-*pāʿal* *ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*naḥaš*": "common noun, masculine singular - divination", "*bə-yaʿăqōb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob", "*wə-lōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and no", "*qesem*": "common noun, masculine singular - soothsaying", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel", "*kā-ʿēt*": "preposition + definite article + common noun, feminine singular - at the time", "*yēʾāmēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is said", "*lə-yaʿăqōb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jacob", "*û-lə-yiśrāʾēl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and to Israel", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*pāʿal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has worked", "*ʾēl*": "common noun, masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*naḥaš*": "divination/augury/enchantment", "*qesem*": "soothsaying/divination/oracle", "*kā-ʿēt*": "at the time/now/in due time", "*yēʾāmēr*": "it is said/it will be told/it is reported", "*pāʿal*": "has worked/has done/has accomplished", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity" } }
  • Josh 11:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס", "text": "For from-*ʾēṯ* *YHWH* *hāyəṯâ* to-*ḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*libbām* to-*qirʾaṯ* the-*milḥāmâ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*maʿan* the-*haḥărîmām* to-*ḇiltî* *hĕyôṯ*-to-them *təḥinnâ* for for-*maʿan* the-*hašmîḏām* as-*ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition מן + preposition את - from", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*hāyəṯâ*": "qal perfect 3fs - it was", "*ləḥazzēq*": "preposition ל + piel infinitive construct - to strengthen/harden", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their heart", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "preposition ל + qal infinitive construct - to meet/encounter", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the battle/war", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*haḥărîmām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them utterly", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition ל + preposition - in order not", "*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being/having", "*lāhem*": "preposition ל + 3mp suffix - to them/for them", "*təḥinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - favor/mercy", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*hašmîḏām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition כ + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses" }, "variants": { "*hāyəṯâ*": "it was/it came", "*ləḥazzēq*": "to strengthen/to harden/to make stubborn", "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind/their will", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "to meet/to encounter/to engage in", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/so that/in order that", "*haḥărîmām*": "destroying them utterly/devoting them to destruction", "*ləḇiltî*": "in order not/so as not to", "*hĕyôṯ*": "being/having/existing", "*təḥinnâ*": "favor/mercy/grace/supplication", "*hašmîḏām*": "destroying them/annihilating them", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed" } }
  • 2 Chr 20:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.20.23", "source": "וַ֠יַּֽעַמְדוּ בְּנֵ֨י עַמּ֧וֹן וּמוֹאָ֛ב עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הַר־שֵׂעִ֖יר לְהַחֲרִ֣ים וּלְהַשְׁמִ֑יד וּכְכַלּוֹתָם֙ בְּיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י שֵׂעִ֔יר עָזְר֥וּ אִישׁ־בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְמַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "And *wayya'amdû* *bənê* *'ammôn* and *môʾāb* against *yōšəbê* *har*-*śē'îr* to *haḥărîm* and to *hašmîd*, and as *kəkallôtām* with *yôšəbê* *śē'îr*, *'āzərû* *ʾîš*-against *rē'ēhû* to *mašḥît*.", "grammar": { "*wayya'amdû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - they stood", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural noun - sons of", "*'ammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yōšəbê*": "qal participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants of", "*har*": "construct masculine singular noun - mountain of", "*śē'îr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*haḥărîm*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy utterly", "*hašmîd*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*kəkallôtām*": "piel infinitive construct with preposition kaf and 3rd person masculine plural suffix - as they finished", "*yôšəbê*": "qal participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants of", "*'āzərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they helped", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his fellow", "*mašḥît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy" }, "variants": { "*wayya'amdû*": "they stood, they rose against", "*bənê*": "sons of, descendants of", "*yōšəbê*": "inhabitants of, dwellers in, residents of", "*har*": "mountain of, hill country of", "*haḥărîm*": "to destroy utterly, to put under ban, to devote to destruction", "*hašmîd*": "to destroy, to exterminate", "*kəkallôtām*": "as they finished, when they had made an end of", "*'āzərû*": "they helped, they assisted", "*ʾîš*": "each man, each one", "*rē'ēhû*": "his fellow, his neighbor, his companion", "*mašḥît*": "to destroy, to ruin, to corrupt" } } 24 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.20.24", "source": "וִֽיהוּדָ֛ה בָּ֥א עַל־הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה לַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־הֶ֣הָמ֔וֹן וְהִנָּ֧ם פְּגָרִ֛ים נֹפְלִ֥ים אַ֖רְצָה וְאֵ֥ין פְּלֵיטָֽה׃", "text": "And *wîhûdāh* *bāʾ* to *ha-mmiṣpeh* to *ha-mmidbār*, and *wayyipnû* to *he-hāmôn*, and *hinnām* *pəgārîm* *nōpəlîm* *ʾarṣāh*, and *ʾên* *pəlêṭāh*.", "grammar": { "*wîhûdāh*": "conjunction waw with proper noun - and Judah", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came", "*ha-mmiṣpeh*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the watchtower", "*ha-mmidbār*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the wilderness", "*wayyipnû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - they turned", "*he-hāmôn*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the multitude", "*hinnām*": "interjection with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - behold them", "*pəgārîm*": "masculine plural noun - corpses", "*nōpəlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - falling", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun with directional heh - to the ground", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there was no", "*pəlêṭāh*": "feminine singular noun - escape/survivor" }, "variants": { "*bāʾ*": "came, arrived, reached", "*ha-mmiṣpeh*": "the watchtower, the lookout point", "*ha-mmidbār*": "the wilderness, the desert", "*wayyipnû*": "they turned, they looked", "*he-hāmôn*": "the multitude, the crowd, the horde", "*hinnām*": "behold them, look at them", "*pəgārîm*": "corpses, dead bodies", "*nōpəlîm*": "falling, lying fallen", "*ʾarṣāh*": "to the ground, to the earth", "*ʾên*": "there was no, there is not", "*pəlêṭāh*": "escape, survivor, fugitive" } }