Verse 45

{ "verseID": "Psalms.78.45", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies", "*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Exod 8:21-24 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.21", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֽ͏ֵאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Parʿōh* unto *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn*, and *wə-yōʾmer*, *ləkû* *zibḥû* to your *lēʾlōhêkem* in the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ləkû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - go", "*zibḥû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - sacrifice", "*lēʾlōhêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to your God", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land" }, "variants": { "*zibḥû*": "sacrifice/slaughter/offer" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֤א נָכוֹן֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן כִּ֚י תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם נִזְבַּ֖ח לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הֵ֣ן נִזְבַּ֞ח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh*, not *nākôn* to do so, for *tôʿăbat* *Miṣrayim* we *nizbaḥ* to *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*. Behold, shall we *nizbaḥ* *ʾet*-*tôʿăbat* *Miṣrayim* before their eyes and they not *yisqəlunû*?", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*nākôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - established/proper", "*tôʿăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*nizbaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will sacrifice", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yisqəlunû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - they will stone us" }, "variants": { "*nākôn*": "established/proper/right/fitting", "*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrence", "*yisqəlunû*": "they will stone us/kill us by stoning" } } 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.23", "source": "דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים נֵלֵ֖ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יֹאמַ֥ר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*Derek* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* we *nēlēk* in the *midbār*, and *wə-zābaḥnû* to *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*, just as *yōʾmar* unto us.", "grammar": { "*Derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/journey of", "*šəlōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will go", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the wilderness/desert", "*wə-zābaḥnû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common plural - and we will sacrifice", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*yōʾmar*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will say" }, "variants": { "*Derek*": "way/journey/road/path", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֗ה אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְכֶם֙ וּזְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָלֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽי׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Parʿōh*, I *ʾănî* *ʾăšallaḥ* you and *û-zəbaḥtem* to *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhêkem* in the *midbār*, only going far *harḥēq* not *tarḥîqû* to go. *Haʿtîrû* for me.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will send away", "*û-zəbaḥtem*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall sacrifice", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the wilderness", "*harḥēq*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - going far", "*tarḥîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall go far", "*Haʿtîrû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/make supplication" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send away/let go/release", "*harḥēq*": "going far/going a great distance", "*Haʿtîrû*": "entreat/pray/make supplication/intercede" } }
  • Ps 105:30-31 : 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.30", "source": "שָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*šāraṣ* *ʾarṣām* *ṣəpardəʿīm* in-*ḥadrēy* *malkēyhem*", "grammar": { "*šāraṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - it teemed/swarmed", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "noun, masculine plural - frogs", "*ḥadrēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chambers of", "*malkēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their kings" }, "variants": { "*šāraṣ*": "teemed/swarmed/bred abundantly", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/territory/country", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "frogs/amphibians", "*ḥadrēy*": "chambers/rooms/inner quarters", "*malkēyhem*": "their kings/rulers" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.31", "source": "אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *wa-yyābōʾ* *ʿārōb* *kinnīm* in-all-*gəbūlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/spoke", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it came", "*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular - swarm (of flies)", "*kinnīm*": "noun, feminine plural - gnats/lice", "*gəbūlām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "and it came/arrived", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm (of flies)/mixture of insects", "*kinnīm*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes", "*gəbūlām*": "their territory/border/region" } }
  • Rev 16:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.3", "source": "Καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ ἐγένετο αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ: καὶ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ζῶσα ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ.", "text": "And the *deuteros* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him into the *thalassan*; and *egeneto* *haima* as of-*nekrou*: and *pasa* *psychē* *zōsa* *apethanen* in the *thalassē*.", "grammar": { "*deuteros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - second", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*nekrou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - dead man/corpse", "*pasa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - every/all", "*psychē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - soul/living being", "*zōsa*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, singular - living", "*apethanen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - died", "*thalassē*": "dative, feminine, singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nekrou*": "dead person/corpse/dead body", "*psychē*": "soul/life/living being/creature", "*zōsa*": "living/alive/having life" } }
  • Exod 8:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.2", "source": "וַיֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתַּ֙עַל֙ הַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wə-yēṭ* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-his hand over *mêmê* *Miṣrayim*, and *wə-taʿal* the *ṣəpardēaʿ* and *wə-təkas* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mêmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wə-taʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it came up", "*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular (collective) - frog/frogs", "*wə-təkas*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it covered", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "frog (collective singular form used for plural 'frogs')" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.3", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֥ן הֽ͏ַחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so the *ḥarṭummîm* with their *lāṭêhem*, and they *wə-yaʿălû* *ʾet*-the *ṣəpardəʿîm* upon *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural - magicians/sacred scribes", "*lāṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts/enchantments", "*wə-yaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they brought up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ḥarṭummîm*": "magicians/sacred scribes/soothsayers", "*lāṭêhem*": "secret arts/enchantments/magical practices" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.4", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵר֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖נִּי וּמֵֽעַמִּ֑י וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְיִזְבְּח֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Parʿōh* to *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn* and *wə-yōʾmer*, *haʿtîrû* to *YHWH* and *wə-yāsēr* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from me and from my people, and *wə-ʾăšalləḥāh* *ʾet*-the people and they *wə-yizbəḥû* to *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*haʿtîrû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/make supplication", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*wə-yāsēr*": "waw conjunctive + Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and may he remove/take away", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "waw conjunctive + Piel cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will let go/send away", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*wə-yizbəḥû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they may sacrifice" }, "variants": { "*haʿtîrû*": "entreat/pray/make supplication/intercede", "*wə-yāsēr*": "may he remove/take away/get rid of", "*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "and I will let go/send away/release" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה לְפַרְעֹה֮ הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַי֒ לְמָתַ֣י ׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְךָ֗ וְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔ לְהַכְרִית֙ הַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּךָ֖ וּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh* to *Parʿōh*, *hitpāʾēr* over me, for when shall I *ʾaʿtîr* for you and for your servants and for your people, to *ləhakrît* the *ṣəparədəʿîm* from you and from your houses? Only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hitpāʾēr*": "Hithpael imperative, masculine singular - glory/boast/honor yourself", "*ʾaʿtîr*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall entreat/pray/make supplication", "*ləhakrît*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off/destroy", "*ṣəparədəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river", "*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left" }, "variants": { "*hitpāʾēr*": "glory over me/boast against me/honor yourself over me/command me", "*ləhakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/exterminate/extinguish", "*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְמָחָ֑ר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּדְבָ֣רְךָ֔ לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer*, for *māḥār*. And *wə-yōʾmer*, according to your *didbārəkā*, so that *tēdaʿ* that there is none like *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*didbārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your word", "*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may know", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God" }, "variants": { "*didbārəkā*": "your word/saying/command" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.7", "source": "וְסָר֣וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗ים מִמְּךָ֙ וּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָ וּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃", "text": "And *wə-sārû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from you and from your houses and from your servants and from your people; only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-sārû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will depart/turn aside", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river", "*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left" }, "variants": { "*wə-sārû*": "they will depart/turn aside/go away", "*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.8", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yēṣēʾ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* from with *Parʿōh*, and *wə-yiṣʿaq* *Mōšeh* unto *YHWH* concerning *dəbar* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* which he *śām* for *Parʿōh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter/word of", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he placed/put/appointed" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "he cried out/called out/he prayed intensely", "*dəbar*": "matter/word/affair/case", "*śām*": "placed/put/appointed/established" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.9", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִן־הַבָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּמִן־הַשָּׂדֹֽת׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *YHWH* according to *dəbar* *Mōšeh*, and *wə-yāmutû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from the houses, from the *ḥăṣērōt* and from the *śādōt*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-yāmutû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they died", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*ḥăṣērōt*": "noun, feminine plural - courtyards/villages", "*śādōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fields" }, "variants": { "*ḥăṣērōt*": "courtyards/enclosures/villages" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.10", "source": "וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *wə-yiṣbərû* them *ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*, and *wə-tibʾaš* the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣbərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they gathered", "*ḥŏmārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps", "*wə-tibʾaš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it stank", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*": "heaps upon heaps/many piles/numerous heaps", "*wə-tibʾaš*": "it stank/became foul/putrid" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.11", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּ֤י הָֽיְתָה֙ הָֽרְוָחָ֔ה וְהַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yarʾ* *Parʿōh* that there *hāyətāh* the *hārəwāḥāh*, and *wə-hakbēd* *ʾet*-his heart, and he not *šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it was", "*hārəwāḥāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the relief/respite", "*wə-hakbēd*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil infinitive absolute - and making heavy", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*hārəwāḥāh*": "relief/respite/breathing space", "*wə-hakbēd*": "making heavy/hardening/making stubborn" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֔ וְהַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לְכִנִּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* unto *Mōšeh*, *ʾĕmōr* unto *ʾAhărōn*, *nəṭēh* *ʾet*-your *maṭṭəkā*, and *wə-hak* *ʾet*-*ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *wə-hāyāh* for *kinnîm* in all *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maṭṭəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff/rod", "*wə-hak*": "waw conjunctive + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and strike/smite", "*ʿăpar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dust of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall become", "*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gnats/lice", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*kinnîm*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes/insects", "*ʿăpar*": "dust/soil/dirt" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.13", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤וֹ בְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָאָ֛רֶץ הָיָ֥ה כִנִּ֖ים בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so, and *wə-yēṭ* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-his hand with his *maṭṭēhû* and *wə-yak* *ʾet*-*ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *wə-təhî* the *kinnām* on the *ʾādām* and on the *bəhēmāh*; all *ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ* *hāyāh* *kinnîm* in all *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did", "*wə-yēṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maṭṭēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff/rod", "*wə-yak*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck", "*ʿăpar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dust of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*wə-təhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it became", "*kinnām*": "noun, feminine singular collective + definite article - the gnats/lice", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the man/humankind", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the beast/cattle", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it was/became", "*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gnats/lice", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*kinnām*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes (collective)", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humankind/people", "*bəhēmāh*": "beast/cattle/livestock" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.14", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so the *ḥarṭummîm* with their *lāṭêhem* *ləhôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-the *kinnîm*, and they not *yākōlû*. And *wə-təhî* the *kinnām* on the *ʾādām* and on the *bəhēmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes", "*lāṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts/enchantments", "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the gnats/lice", "*yākōlû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were able", "*wə-təhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it was", "*kinnām*": "noun, feminine singular collective + definite article - the gnats/lice", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the man/humankind", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the beast/cattle" }, "variants": { "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/produce/bring forth", "*yākōlû*": "they were able/could/had power" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmərû* the *ḥarṭummîm* unto *Parʿōh*, *ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hîwʾ*. And *wə-yeḥĕzaq* heart of *Parʿōh* and not-*šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they said", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hîwʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she/it", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it became strong", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "finger of God/divine intervention", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened" } }