Exodus 9:7

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Pharaoh sent men to investigate and found that not even one of the livestock of the Israelites had died. Yet Pharaoh’s heart was unyielding, and he did not let the people go.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֗ה לֹא־מֵ֛ת מִמִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם

Transliteration

And wayyišlaḥ Parʿōh and wəhinnēh not mēt from mimmiqnēh Yiśrāʾēl even ʿad-ʾeḥād, and wayyikbad lēb Parʿōh and not šillaḥ ʾet-the people

Grammar Details

• *wayyišlaḥ*: waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he sent
• *Parʿōh*: proper noun - Pharaoh
• *wəhinnēh*: conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold
• *mēt*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - died
• *mimmiqnēh*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the livestock of
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *ʿad*: preposition - as far as/even
• *ʾeḥād*: number, cardinal - one
• *wayyikbad*: waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and it was heavy/was hardened
• *lēb*: noun, masculine singular construct - heart of
• *šillaḥ*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel form - sent away/let go
• *ʾet*: direct object marker

Word Meanings

• *wayyišlaḥ*: sent/dispatched
• *wayyikbad*: was hardened/became heavy/was stubborn
• *šillaḥ*: sent away/let go/released

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Pharaoh sent, and behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Pharaoh{H6547} sent,{H7971} and, behold, there was not so much as one{H259} of the cattle{H4735} of the Israelites{H3478} dead.{H4191} But the heart{H3820} of Pharaoh{H6547} was stubborn,{H3513} and he did not let the people{H5971} go.{H7971}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Pharaoh{H6547} sent{H7971}{(H8799)}, and, behold, there was not one{H259} of the cattle{H4735} of the Israelites{H3478} dead{H4191}{(H8804)}. And the heart{H3820} of Pharaoh{H6547} was hardened{H3513}{(H8799)}, and he did not let the people{H5971} go{H7971}{(H8765)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And Pharao sent to wete: but ther was not one of the catell of the Israhelites dead. Notwithstondinge the hert of Pharao hardened, and he wolde not let the people goo.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And Pharao sent thither, & beholde, there was not one of the catell of Israel deed. But Pharaos hert was hardened, so yt he let not ye people go.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then Pharaoh sent, and beholde, there was not one of the cattell of the Israelites dead: and the heart of Pharaoh was obstinate, and hee did not let the people goe.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Pharao sent, and beholde, there was not one of the cattell of the Israelites dead: And the heart of Pharao hardened, and he did not let the people go.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not so much as one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was stubborn, and he didn't let the people go.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Pharaoh sendeth, and lo, not even one of the cattle of Israel hath died, and the heart of Pharaoh is hard, and he hath not sent the people away.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not so much as one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was stubborn, and he did not let the people go.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not so much as one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was stubborn, and he did not let the people go.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Pharaoh sent and got word that there was no loss of any of the cattle of Israel. But the heart of Pharaoh was hard and he did not let the people go.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not so much as one of the livestock of the Israelites dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was stubborn, and he didn't let the people go.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Pharaoh sent representatives to investigate, and indeed, not even one of the livestock of Israel had died. But Pharaoh’s heart remained hard, and he did not release the people.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 7:14 : 14 Then the Lord said to Moses, "Pharaoh’s heart is stubborn; he refuses to let the people go.
• Exod 9:12 : 12 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the Lord had said to Moses.
• Job 9:4 : 4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength; who has resisted Him and remained unharmed?
• Prov 29:1 : 1 A man who is often corrected but stubbornly stiffens his neck will be suddenly broken beyond healing.
• Isa 48:4 : 4 Because I knew how stubborn you are, with your neck as iron sinew and your forehead like bronze,
• Dan 5:20 : 20 But when his heart became arrogant and his spirit hardened with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne, and his glory was taken from him.
• Rom 9:18 : 18 So then, he has mercy on whom he wills, and he hardens whom he wills.