Joshua 10:13

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

And the sun stood still, and the moon halted until the nation took vengeance on their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down for about a full day.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃

Transliteration

wə-yīddōm the šemeš and yārēaḥ ʿāmād until yīqqōm gôy ʾōyəbāyw hă-lōʾ-hîʾ kətûbâ on sēper the yāšār and wə-yaʿămōd the šemeš in ḥăṣî the šāmayīm and not ʾāṣ to lābôʾ like yôm tāmîm

Grammar Details

• *wə-yīddōm*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped
• *šemeš*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun
• *yārēaḥ*: noun, masculine singular - moon
• *ʿāmād*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed
• *yīqqōm*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself
• *gôy*: noun, masculine singular - nation
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies
• *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*: interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?
• *kətûbâ*: Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written
• *sēper*: noun, masculine singular construct - book of
• *yāšār*: noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just
• *wə-yaʿămōd*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained
• *ḥăṣî*: noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of
• *šāmayīm*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened
• *lābôʾ*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go
• *yôm*: noun, masculine singular - day
• *tāmîm*: adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole

Word Meanings

• *wə-yīddōm*: became silent/stood still/ceased
• *šemeš*: sun
• *yārēaḥ*: moon
• *ʿāmād*: stood/stayed/halted
• *yīqqōm*: took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated
• *gôy*: nation/people
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: his enemies/adversaries
• *kətûbâ*: written/recorded
• *sēper*: book/scroll/document
• *yāšār*: the Upright/Jashar/the Just
• *ḥăṣî*: half/middle/midst
• *šāmayīm*: heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: hastened/hurried/rushed
• *lābôʾ*: to go/to come/to enter
• *tāmîm*: complete/whole/perfect/full

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the sun{H8121} stood still,{H1826} and the moon{H3394} stayed,{H5975} Until the nation{H1471} had avenged{H5358} themselves of their enemies.{H341} Is not this{H1931} written{H3789} in the book{H5612} of Jashar?{H3477} And the sun{H8121} stayed{H5975} in the midst{H2677} of heaven,{H8064} and hasted{H213} not to go down{H935} about a whole{H8549} day.{H3117}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the sun{H8121} stood still{H1826}{(H8799)}, and the moon{H3394} stayed{H5975}{(H8804)}, until the people{H1471} had avenged{H5358}{(H8799)} themselves upon their enemies{H341}{(H8802)}. Is not this{H1931} written{H3789}{(H8803)} in the book{H5612} of Jasher{H3477}? So the sun{H8121} stood still{H5975}{(H8799)} in the midst{H2677} of heaven{H8064}, and hasted{H213}{(H8804)} not to go down{H935}{(H8800)} about a whole{H8549} day{H3117}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then the Sonne helde styll, and ye Moone stode, vntyll the people had auenged the selues on their enemies. Is not this wrytten in the boke of the righteous? Thus the Sonne stode styll in the myddes of heauen, and dyfferred to go downe for the space of a whole daye after.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the Sunne abode, & the moone stood still, vntill the people auenged themselues vpon their enemies: (Is not this written in the booke of Iasher?) so the Sunne abode in the middes of the heauen, and hasted not to goe downe for a whole day.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the sunne abode, and the moone stoode styll, vntyll the people auenged them selues vpon their enemies. Is not this written in the booke of the righteous? So the sunne I say abode in the middest of heauen, and hasted not to go downe by the space of a whole day.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. [Is] not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn't this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the midst of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the sun standeth still, and the moon hath stood -- till the nation taketh vengeance `on' its enemies; is it not written on the Book of the Upright, `and the sun standeth in the midst of the heavens, and hath not hasted to go in -- as a perfect day?'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the sun was at rest and the moon kept its place till the nation had given punishment to their attackers. (Is it not recorded in the book of Jashar?) So the sun kept its place in the middle of the heavens, and was waiting, and did not go down, for the space of a day.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn't this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the midst of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One. The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 1:18 : 18 He ordered that the people of Judah be taught this lament of the bow, as it is written in the Book of Jashar:
• Isa 38:8 : 8 Behold, I will make the shadow cast by the sun on the stairway of Ahaz go backward ten steps. And the sun moved back ten steps on the stairway where it had gone down.
• Hab 3:11 : 11 The sun and moon stood still in their places at the light of Your arrows as they flew, at the flash of Your shining spear.
• Matt 5:45 : 45 So that you may become children of your Father in heaven. For He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.
• Matt 24:29 : 29 Immediately after the distress of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the heavenly powers will be shaken.
• Luke 18:7 : 7 And will not God bring about justice for his chosen ones, who cry out to him day and night? Will he delay in helping them?
• Acts 2:20 : 20 The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord.
• Rev 6:10 : 10 They cried out with a loud voice, 'How long, Sovereign Lord, holy and true, until You judge the inhabitants of the earth and avenge our blood?'
• Rev 6:12 : 12 And I watched as the Lamb opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake. The sun became black like sackcloth made of hair, and the whole moon turned red like blood.
• Rev 8:12 : 12 The fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them went dark. A third of the day did not shine, and likewise, the night.
• Rev 16:8-9 : 8 The fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was allowed to scorch people with fire. 9 They were scorched by the intense heat, and they blasphemed the name of God who has power over these plagues. But they refused to repent and glorify him.
• Rev 21:23 : 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp.
• Esth 8:13 : 13 A copy of the written decree was to be issued as law in every province, publicly proclaimed to all people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
• Ps 19:4 : 4 There is no speech; there are no words; their voice is not heard.
• Ps 74:16-17 : 16 The day is Yours, and also the night; You established the light and the sun. 17 You set all the boundaries of the earth; You formed summer and winter.
• Ps 136:7-9 : 7 To Him who made the great lights, for His steadfast love endures forever. 8 The sun to govern the day, for His steadfast love endures forever. 9 The moon and stars to rule over the night, for His steadfast love endures forever.
• Ps 148:3 : 3 Praise Him, sun and moon; praise Him, all you shining stars!
• Isa 24:23 : 23 Then the moon will be abashed and the sun ashamed, for the Lord of Hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and before His elders will be His glory.
• Num 21:14 : 14 Therefore, it is said in the Book of the Wars of the LORD: 'Waheb in Suphah and the wadis of the Arnon.'
• Num 31:2 : 2 Take vengeance on the Midianites for the people of Israel. Afterward, you will be gathered to your people.
• Josh 10:11 : 11 As they fled before Israel down the road from Beth-horon to Azekah, the LORD hurled large hailstones down on them from heaven, and they died. More of them died from the hailstones than were killed by the swords of the Israelites.
• Josh 10:14 : 14 There has never been a day like it, before or since, when the LORD listened to a human being, because the LORD fought for Israel.
• Judg 5:2 : 2 When the leaders in Israel take charge, when the people willingly offer themselves—praise the Lord!
• Judg 16:28 : 28 Then Samson called to the LORD, 'Sovereign LORD, remember me. Please, God, strengthen me just once more, and let me with one blow get revenge on the Philistines for my two eyes.'
• Joel 2:10 : 10 Before them, the earth quakes, the heavens tremble. The sun and moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their brightness.
• Joel 2:31 : 31 The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes.
• Joel 3:15 : 15 The sun and moon will grow dark, and the stars will withdraw their brightness.