Joshua 11:2

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

He also sent to the kings who were in the northern hill country, in the Arabah plain south of Kinneroth, in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor near the sea.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְֽאֶל־הַמְּלָכִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִצְּפ֗וֹן בָּהָ֧ר וּבָעֲרָבָ֛ה נֶ֥גֶב כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר מִיָּֽם׃

Transliteration

And to-hamməlāḵîm who from-ṣəp̄ôn in-hāhār and-in-hāʿărāḇâ neḡeḇ kinnərôṯ and-in-haššəp̄ēlâ and-in-nāp̄ôṯ dôr from-yām

Grammar Details

• *hamməlāḵîm*: definite article + noun, masculine plural - the kings
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - who/that/which
• *miṣṣəp̄ôn*: preposition מן + noun - from north
• *bāhār*: preposition ב + definite article + noun - in the mountain/hill country
• *ûḇāʿărāḇâ*: conjunction ו + preposition ב + definite article + noun - and in the Arabah/plain
• *neḡeḇ*: noun, directional - south of
• *kinnərôṯ*: proper name - Kinneroth/Chinneroth
• *ûḇaššəp̄ēlâ*: conjunction ו + preposition ב + definite article + noun - and in the lowland
• *ûḇənāp̄ôṯ*: conjunction ו + preposition ב + noun, construct - and in the heights/regions of
• *dôr*: proper name - Dor
• *miyyām*: preposition מן + noun - from sea/west

Word Meanings

• *ṣəp̄ôn*: north/northern region
• *hār*: mountain/hill country/highlands
• *ʿărāḇâ*: Arabah/desert plain/wilderness
• *neḡeḇ*: south/south of
• *šəp̄ēlâ*: lowland/foothills
• *nāp̄ôṯ*: heights/regions/slopes
• *yām*: sea/west

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And to the kings who were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and to the kings that were on the north, in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and to the kynges that dwelt towarde the north vpon the mountaynes, and in the playne on the southsyde of Cineroth, and in the lowe countrees, and in the lordshippes of Dor by the see syde:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And vnto the Kings that were by ye North in the mountaines and plaines toward the Southside of Cinneroth, and in the valleys, and in the borders of Dor Westward,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And vnto the kinges that were by the north in the mountaynes and playnes towarde the southside of Ceneroth, & in the lowe countreys, and in the borders of Dor westwarde,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And to the kings that [were] on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west,

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and to the kings who were on the north, in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and unto the kings who `are' on the north in the hill-country, and in the plain south of Chinneroth, and in the low country, and in the elevations of Dor, on the west,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and to the kings that were on the north, in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and to the kings that were on the north, in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And to the kings on the north in the hill-country, and in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, and in the lowland, and in the highlands of Dor on the west,

• World English Bible (2000)

  and to the kings who were on the north, in the hill country, in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  and the northern kings who ruled in the hill country, the rift valley south of Kinnereth, the foothills, and the heights of Dor to the west.

Referenced Verses

• Judg 1:27 : 27 Manasseh did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and its surrounding villages, or Taanach and its surrounding villages, or the inhabitants of Dor and its surrounding villages, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its surrounding villages, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its surrounding villages. The Canaanites were determined to stay in this land.
• Josh 12:3 : 3 He also ruled over the Arabah to the east, from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Salt Sea, eastward along the way to Beth Jeshimoth, and to the south at the base of the slopes of the Pisgah.
• Josh 17:11 : 11 Within Issachar and Asher, Manasseh possessed Beth-shean and its villages, Ibleam and its villages, the inhabitants of Dor and its villages, the inhabitants of En-dor and its villages, the inhabitants of Taanach and its villages, the inhabitants of Megiddo and its villages, and the three regions of Napheth.
• Num 34:11 : 11 The boundary will descend from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain and continue downward along the slopes eastward to the Sea of Galilee.
• 1 Kgs 4:11 : 11 Ben-Abinadab was in all the region of Dor. Taphath, a daughter of Solomon, was his wife.
• Josh 12:23 : 23 the king of Dor in Naphath Dor, one; the king of Goyim in Gilgal, one;
• Josh 13:27 : 27 In the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon—the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, along with the Jordan and its boundary, reaching as far as the edge of the Sea of Kinnereth on the eastern side of the Jordan.
• Luke 1:39 : 39 In those days Mary set out and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judah.
• Luke 5:1 : 1 One day, as the crowd was pressing in on Him to hear the word of God, He was standing by the lake of Gennesaret.
• Josh 10:6 : 6 The men of Gibeon sent a message to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal: “Do not abandon your servants. Come up to us quickly and save us! Help us, for all the kings of the Amorites living in the hill country have gathered against us.”
• Josh 10:40 : 40 So Joshua conquered the whole country—the hill country, the Negev, the lowland, and the slopes—along with all their kings. He left no survivors but devoted every living thing to destruction, just as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded.
• Josh 11:21 : 21 At that time Joshua came and destroyed the Anakim from the hill country, from Hebron, Debir, Anab, all the hill country of Judah, and all the hill country of Israel. Joshua devoted them and their cities to destruction.